Role of Parenting and Psychosocial Correlates Contributing to Social Anxiety in Asian Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Background

The purpose of the study was to explore social anxiety in adolescents as well as associated factors, such as parenting styles, self-esteem, quality of life, emotional intelligence, and brain activity, in social anxiety.

Methods

A systematic review of articles related to social anxiety in adolescents, associated factors, and brain activity from 2012 to 2022 was performed. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct were used as research gates to find the relevant articles.

Results

Ten articles were sorted among 50 articles according to inclusion criteria. The included studies were based in Pakistan, India, and China, which indicated similar results. Social anxiety was directly related to low self-esteem, authoritarian parenting style, interbrain synchrony between parents and adolescents, low quality of life, weak emotional intelligence, and higher activity in the amygdala of the brain.

Conclusion

Social anxiety is common in male-dominant (patriarchal) societies where authoritarian parenting is practiced, which leads to low self-esteem, weak emotional intelligence, and low quality of life in adolescents. Social anxiety is also associated with higher activity in the amygdala and lower gamma interbrain synchrony.

Management of oral mucositis in children

OBJECTIVE

Children undergoing chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may suffer from Oral mucositis. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to find the protocols which are used in the management of oral mucositis (OM) in children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A search was performed to find the related studies. After reading the searched articles, 15 studies were selected for this review.

RESULTS

Good oral care, glutamine, some biological agents, and laser therapy, had a significant effect to reduce the pain sensation and occurrence of oral mucositis in children.

CONCLUSIONS

It has been concluded that there are many types of management, such as oral care and laser therapy, which can be used to reduce the severity of oral mucositis.

Major depression in Jalal Pur Jattan, district Gujrat, Pakistan: Prevalence and gender differences

OBJECTIVE

To assess the prevalence of depression along gender lines in the general population.

METHODS

Using multistage stratified proportionate sampling, the cross-sectional study was conducted in four Union Councils of Jalal Pur Jattan in Gujrat, Pakistan from November 2011 to November 2012. From each stratum, two samples were taken: adults and adolescents. Then each sample was divided into adult males and adult females (20-45 years); adolescent boys and adolescent girls (13-19 years). The questionnaire was developed on the basis of diagnostic criteria given in the revised version of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

RESULTS

Of the total population of 28,259, 1117(3.6%) were approached for the study. Of them, 1110(99.3%) people participated. Overall, 173(15%) were found to be vulnerable to psychological problems whereas 59 (5.31%) were found as vulnerable cases to depression. However, the diagnosis of major depression was handed to 38(3.4%) respondents. Of these 38 subjects, 7(18.42%) persons were suffering from mild; 22(57.89%) from moderate, and 9(23.68%) from severe symptoms. Further, 30(78.9%) of these subjects were women.

CONCLUSIONS

Major depression was prevailing in the community of Jalal Pur Jattan in almost the same ratio as in other places around the globe, and, therefore, the inhabitants need psychiatric services.