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Chrobak AA, Rusinek J, Dec-Ćwiek M, Porębska K, Siwek M. Content overlap of 91 dystonia symptoms among the seven most commonly used cervical dystonia scales. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:1507-1514. [PMID: 37910323 PMCID: PMC10943139 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions. Cervical dystonia (CD) is the most common focal dystonia. There are several instruments assessing the symptoms of CD. However, different scales assess different features which may lead to poor patient evaluation. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the degree of overlap of most often used CD rating scales identified by the literature review. METHODS A thorough search of the Medline database was conducted in September 2021. Then the frequency of each scale was calculated, and 7 most common scales were included in the content overlap analysis using Jaccard index (0 - no overlap, 1 - full overlap). RESULTS Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS), Tsui score, Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS), Cervical Dystonia Impact Profile 58 (CDIP-58), Craniocervical Dystonia Questionnaire 24 (CDQ-24), Cervical Dystonia Severity Rating Scale (CDSS), Cervical Dystonia Severity Rating Scale (DDS) and The Dystonia Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (DNMSQuest) were the most common scales. 91 CD symptoms were distinguished from 134 items used in the scales. The mean overlap among all scales was 0.17. 52 (62%) symptoms were examined by more than one scale. The CIDP-58 captured the highest number of symptoms (63.0%), while the CDSS captured the lowest number (8.0%). None of the symptoms were examined by seven instruments. CONCLUSIONS There was a very weak overlap among scales. High inconsistency between the scales may lead to highly different dystonia severity assessment in clinical practice. Thus, the instruments should be combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Andrzej Chrobak
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Rusinek
- Students' Scientific Group of Neurology at the Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dec-Ćwiek
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Porębska
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Siwek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a St., 31-501, Kraków, Poland.
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2
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Colucci F, Pugliatti M, Casetta I, Capone JG, Diozzi E, Sensi M, Tugnoli V. Idiopathic cervical dystonia and non-motor symptoms: a pilot case-control study on autonomic nervous system. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:629-638. [PMID: 37648939 PMCID: PMC10791952 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-motor symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, neuropsychiatric manifestations, cognitive impairment, and sensory abnormalities, have been widely reported in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia (ICD). This study aimed to clarify the autonomic nervous system (ANS) involvement in ICD patients, which is still unclear in the literature. METHODS We conducted a pilot case-control study to investigate ANS in twenty ICD patients and twenty age-sex-matched controls. The Composite Autonomic System Scale 31 was used for ANS clinical assessment. The laser Doppler flowmetry quantitative spectral analysis, applied to the skin and recorded from indices, was used to measure at rest, after a parasympathetic activation (six deep breathing) and two sympathetic stimuli (isometric handgrip and mental calculation), the power of high-frequency and low-frequency oscillations, and the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio. RESULTS ICD patients manifested higher clinical dysautonomic symptoms than controls (p < 0.05). At rest, a lower high-frequency power band was detected among ICD patients than controls, reaching a statistically significant difference in the age group of ≥ 57-year-olds (p < 0.05). In the latter age group, ICD patients showed a lower low-frequency/high-frequency ratio than controls at rest (p < 0.05) and after mental calculation (p < 0.05). Regardless of age, during handgrip, ICD patients showed (i) lower low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (p < 0.05), (ii) similar increase of the low-frequency oscillatory component compared to controls, and (iii) stable high-frequency oscillatory component, which conversely decreased in controls. No differences between the two groups were detected during deep breathing. CONCLUSION ICD patients showed ANS dysfunction at clinical and neurophysiological levels, reflecting an abnormal parasympathetic-sympathetic interaction likely related to abnormal neck posture and neurotransmitter alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Colucci
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44100, Ferrara, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maura Pugliatti
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Casetta
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jay Guido Capone
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S, Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrica Diozzi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S, Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Sensi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S, Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Tugnoli
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S, Anna, Ferrara, Italy
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3
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Ekmen A, Doulazmi M, Méneret A, Jegatheesan P, Hervé A, Damier P, Gras D, Roubertie A, Piard J, Mutez E, Tarrano C, Welniarz Q, Vidailhet M, Worbe Y, Gallea C, Roze E. Non-Motor Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients with PRRT2-Related Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2023; 10:1082-1089. [PMID: 37476308 PMCID: PMC10354617 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Monoallelic pathogenic variants of PRRT2 often result in paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD). Little is known about health-related quality of life (HrQoL), non-motor manifestations, self-esteem, and stigma in patients with PKD. Objectives We investigated non-motor symptoms and how they related to HrQoL in a genetically homogeneous group of PRRT2-PKD patients. We paid special attention to perceived stigmatization and self-esteem. Methods We prospectively enrolled 21 consecutive PKD patients with a pathogenic variant of PRRT2, and 21 healthy controls matched for age and sex. They were evaluated with dedicated standardized tests for non-motor symptoms, HrQoL, anxiety, depression, stigma, self-esteem, sleep, fatigue, pain, and psychological well-being. Results Patients reported an alteration of the physical aspects of HrQoL, regardless of the presence of residual paroxysmal episodes. Non-motor manifestations were frequent, and were an important determinant of the alteration of HrQoL. In addition, patients perceived a higher level of stigmatization which positively correlated with a delay in diagnosis (ρ = 0.615, P = 0.003) and the fear of being judged (ρ = 0.452, P = 0.04), but not with the presence of paroxysmal episodes (ρ = 0.203, P = 0.379). Conclusions Our findings have important implications for care givers concerning patient management and medical education about paroxysmal dyskinesia. PRRT2-PKD patients should be screened for non-motor disorders in routine care. A long history of misdiagnosis may play a role in the high level of perceived stigmatization. Improving knowledge about diagnostic clues suggestive of PKD is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya Ekmen
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris Brain InstituteParisFrance
- APHP Hôpital de La Pitié Salpetriêre et Saint‐AntoineParisFrance
| | - Mohamed Doulazmi
- Sorbonne University, Adaptation Biologique et Vieillissement (UMR8256), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Aurélie Méneret
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris Brain InstituteParisFrance
- APHP Hôpital de La Pitié Salpetriêre et Saint‐AntoineParisFrance
| | - Prasanthi Jegatheesan
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris Brain InstituteParisFrance
- APHP Hôpital de La Pitié Salpetriêre et Saint‐AntoineParisFrance
| | - Anais Hervé
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris Brain InstituteParisFrance
| | | | - Domitille Gras
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris Brain InstituteParisFrance
| | - Agathe Roubertie
- Département NeuropédiatrieINM, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Juliette Piard
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, CHUBesançonFrance
- INSERM UMR1231, Génétique des Anomalies du DéveloppementUniversité de BourgogneDijonFrance
| | - Eugenie Mutez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and CognitionLilleFrance
| | - Clément Tarrano
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris Brain InstituteParisFrance
- APHP Hôpital de La Pitié Salpetriêre et Saint‐AntoineParisFrance
| | - Quentin Welniarz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris Brain InstituteParisFrance
- APHP Hôpital de La Pitié Salpetriêre et Saint‐AntoineParisFrance
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris Brain InstituteParisFrance
- APHP Hôpital de La Pitié Salpetriêre et Saint‐AntoineParisFrance
| | - Yulia Worbe
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris Brain InstituteParisFrance
- APHP Hôpital de La Pitié Salpetriêre et Saint‐AntoineParisFrance
| | - Cécile Gallea
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris Brain InstituteParisFrance
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris Brain InstituteParisFrance
- APHP Hôpital de La Pitié Salpetriêre et Saint‐AntoineParisFrance
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4
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Bailey GA, Matthews C, Szewczyk-krolikowski K, Moore P, Komarzynski S, Davies EH, Peall KJ. Use of remote monitoring and integrated platform for the evaluation of sleep quality in adult-onset idiopathic cervical dystonia. J Neurol 2023; 270:1759-1769. [PMID: 36414751 PMCID: PMC9971061 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 70% of individuals diagnosed with adult-onset idiopathic focal cervical dystonia (AOIFCD) report difficulties with sleep. Larger cohort studies using wrist-worn accelerometer devices have emerged as an alternative to smaller polysomnography studies, in order to evaluate sleep architecture. METHODS To measure activity during the sleep/wake cycle, individuals wore a consumer-grade wrist device (Garmin vivosmart 4) continuously over 7 days on their non-dominant wrist, while completing a daily sleep diary and standardised sleep and non-motor questionnaires via a dedicated app. Sleep measures were derived from the captured raw triaxial acceleration and heart rate values using previously published validated algorithms. RESULTS Data were collected from 50 individuals diagnosed with AOIFCD and 47 age- and sex-matched controls. Those with AOIFCD self-reported significantly higher levels of excessive daytime sleepiness (p = 0.04) and impaired sleep quality (p = 0.03), while accelerometer measurements found the AOIFCD cohort to have significantly longer total sleep times (p = 0.004) and time spent in NREM sleep (p = 0.009), compared to controls. Overall, there was limited agreement between wearable-derived sleep parameters, and self-reported sleep diary and visual analogue scale records. DISCUSSION This study shows the potential feasibility of using consumer-grade wearable devices in estimating sleep measures at scale in dystonia cohorts. Those diagnosed with AOIFCD were observed to have altered sleep architecture, notably longer total sleep time and NREM sleep, compared to controls. These findings suggest that previously reported disruptions to brainstem circuitry and serotonin neurotransmission may contribute to both motor and sleep pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A. Bailey
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
| | | | | | - Peter Moore
- grid.416928.00000 0004 0496 3293The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Kathryn J. Peall
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
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5
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Individual Response to Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Movement Disorders: A Time Series Analysis Approach. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080508. [PMID: 35893750 PMCID: PMC9332582 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
On a group level, satisfaction with botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) treatment in neurological indications is high. However, it is well known that a relevant amount of patients may not respond as expected. The aim of this study is to evaluate the BoNT treatment outcome on an individual level using a statistical single-case analysis as an adjunct to traditional group statistics. The course of the daily perceived severity of symptoms across a BoNT cycle was analyzed in 20 cervical dystonia (CD) and 15 hemifacial spasm (HFS) patients. A parametric single-case autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series analysis was used to detect individual responsiveness to BoNT treatment. Overall, both CD and HFS patients significantly responded to BoNT treatment with a gradual worsening of symptom intensities towards BoNT reinjection. However, only 8/20 CD patients (40%) and 5/15 HFS patients (33.3%) displayed the expected U-shaped curve of BoNT efficacy across a single treatment cycle. CD (but not HFS) patients who followed the expected outcome course had longer BoNT injection intervals, showed a better match to objective symptom assessments, and were characterized by a stronger certainty to control their somatic symptoms (i.e., internal medical locus of control). In addition to standard evaluation procedures, patients should be identified who do not follow the mean course-of-treatment effect. Thus, the ARIMA single-case time series analysis seems to be an appropriate addition to clinical treatment studies in order to detect individual courses of subjective symptom intensities.
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6
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Zhang Z, Cisneros E, Lee HY, Vu JP, Chen Q, Benadof CN, Whitehill J, Rouzbehani R, Sy DT, Huang JS, Sejnowski TJ, Jankovic J, Factor S, Goetz CG, Barbano RL, Perlmutter JS, Jinnah HA, Berman BD, Richardson SP, Stebbins GT, Comella CL, Peterson DA. Hold that pose: capturing cervical dystonia's head deviation severity from video. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:684-694. [PMID: 35333449 PMCID: PMC9082391 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Deviated head posture is a defining characteristic of cervical dystonia (CD). Head posture severity is typically quantified with clinical rating scales such as the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). Because clinical rating scales are inherently subjective, they are susceptible to variability that reduces their sensitivity as outcome measures. The variability could be circumvented with methods to measure CD head posture objectively. However, previously used objective methods require specialized equipment and have been limited to studies with a small number of cases. The objective of this study was to evaluate a novel software system—the Computational Motor Objective Rater (CMOR)—to quantify multi‐axis directionality and severity of head posture in CD using only conventional video camera recordings. Methods CMOR is based on computer vision and machine learning technology that captures 3D head angle from video. We used CMOR to quantify the axial patterns and severity of predominant head posture in a retrospective, cross‐sectional study of 185 patients with isolated CD recruited from 10 sites in the Dystonia Coalition. Results The predominant head posture involved more than one axis in 80.5% of patients and all three axes in 44.4%. CMOR's metrics for head posture severity correlated with severity ratings from movement disorders neurologists using both the TWSTRS‐2 and an adapted version of the Global Dystonia Rating Scale (rho = 0.59–0.68, all p <0.001). Conclusions CMOR's convergent validity with clinical rating scales and reliance upon only conventional video recordings supports its future potential for large scale multisite clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cisneros
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ha Yeon Lee
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jeanne P Vu
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Qiyu Chen
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Casey N Benadof
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jacob Whitehill
- Department of Computer Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryin Rouzbehani
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dominique T Sy
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jeannie S Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Terrence J Sejnowski
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stewart Factor
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher G Goetz
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard L Barbano
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Departments of Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy, and Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hyder A Jinnah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Departments of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brian D Berman
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah Pirio Richardson
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Neurology Service, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Glenn T Stebbins
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cynthia L Comella
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David A Peterson
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
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7
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Listik C, Cury RG, Casagrande SCB, Listik E, Arnaut D, Santiago N, Da Silva VA, Galhardoni R, Machado JDLA, de Almeida JC, Barbosa ER, Teixeira MJ, De Andrade DC. Improvement of Non-motor Symptoms and Quality of Life After Deep Brain Stimulation for Refractory Dystonia: A 1-Year Follow-Up. Front Neurol 2021; 12:717239. [PMID: 34671310 PMCID: PMC8520898 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.717239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a treatment option for refractory dystonia's motor symptoms, while its non-motor symptoms (NMS) have been less systematically assessed. We aimed to describe the effects of DBS on NMS in refractory generalized inherited/idiopathic dystonia prospectively. Methods: We evaluated patients before and 1 year after DBS surgery and applied the following scales: Burke–Fahn–Marsden Rating Scale (BFMRS), NMS Scale for Parkinson's Disease (NMSS-PD), Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-8, short-form Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI), and short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). Results: Eleven patients (38.35 ± 11.30 years) underwent surgery, all with generalized dystonia. Motor BFMRS subscore was 64.36 ± 22.94 at baseline and 33.55 ± 17.44 1 year after DBS surgery (47.9% improvement, p = 0.003). NMSS-PD had a significant change 12 months after DBS, from 70.91 ± 59.07 to 37.18 ± 55.05 (47.5% improvement, p = 0.013). NMS changes were mainly driven by changes in the gastrointestinal (p = 0.041) and miscellaneous domains (p = 0.012). Seven patients reported chronic pain before DBS and four after it. BPI's severity and interference scores were 4.61 ± 2.84 and 4.12 ± 2.67, respectively, before surgery, and 2.79 ± 2.31 (0.00–6.25) and 1.12 ± 1.32 (0.00–3.00) after, reflecting a significant improvement (p = 0.043 and p = 0.028, respectively). NPSI score was 15.29 ± 13.94 before, while it was reduced to 2.29 ± 2.98 afterward (p = 0.028). MPQ's total score was 9.00 ± 3.32 before DBS, achieving 2.71 ± 2.93 after (p = 0.028). Conclusions: DBS improves NMS in generalized inherited/idiopathic dystonia, including chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Listik
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens Gisbert Cury
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Listik
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Debora Arnaut
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natally Santiago
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Galhardoni
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Egberto Reis Barbosa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Rafee S, Ndukwe I, O'Riordan S, Hutchinson M. Reliability of DNMSQuest as a Screening Tool for Mood Disorders in Cervical Dystonia. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021; 8:925-931. [PMID: 34405100 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high prevalence of mood disorders in cervical dystonia, often unaddressed in botulinum toxin clinics, is a major factor in impaired quality of life. There is a clear need for a brief screening method for identifying these disorders; the Dystonia non-motor symptoms questionnaire (DNMSQuest) has been proposed as such. Objective We aimed to assess the practical utility of the DNMSQuest and compare it with validated rating scales for anxiety, depression and quality of life. Methods In 88 patients with cervical dystonia, we compared results from the DNMSQuest with mood rating scales [Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Index (BDI-II) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)], quality of life measures [European Quality of Life (EQOL) and European Quality of Life Visual Analogue Scale (EQOLVAS)] and with assessments of dystonia severity [Cervical Dystonia Impact Profile-58 (CDIP58) and Toronto Western Rating Scale for Spasmodic Torticollis (TWSTRS)]. Results Using a cut off score on the DNMSQuest of 5, we noted that DNMSQuest had a sensitivity of 85% for detecting anxiety and depression using the BAI and BDI-II, and 76% and 78% for anxiety and depression respectively using the HADS. The DNMSQuest correlated strongly with BAI (ρ = 0.715), BDI-II (ρ = 0.658), HADS-Anxiety (ρ = 0.616), HADS-Depression (ρ = 0.706), EQOL (ρ = 0.653) and CDIP-58 (ρ = 0.665). Conclusion The DNMSQuest is a brief, sensitive and non-specific instrument for identifying patients that warrant further review for anxiety and depression and can easily be implemented in a neurologist-run botulinum toxin clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shameer Rafee
- Department of Neurology St Vincent's University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Ihedinachi Ndukwe
- Department of Neurology St Vincent's University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Sean O'Riordan
- Department of Neurology St Vincent's University Hospital Dublin Ireland
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9
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da Silva-Júnior FP, Dos Santos Alves CO, Silva SMCA, Borges V, Ferraz HB, Rocha MSG, Limongi JCP, Barbosa ER, de Carvalho Aguiar P. High prevalence of self-reported non-motor symptoms and lack of correlation with motor severity in adult patients with idiopathic isolated dystonia. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:1061-1065. [PMID: 34297264 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although abnormal movements and postures are the hallmark of dystonia, non-motor symptoms (NMS) are common and negatively affect quality of life. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to screen dystonia patients for NMS and analyze their association with clinical parameters, including motor disability. METHODS Adult patients with idiopathic isolated dystonia were interviewed and examined. Dystonia severity was evaluated with the Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale and the presence of NMS was assessed using a list of 29 complaints. RESULTS A hundred and two patients (63.7% female) were enrolled. Dystonia began after 20 years of age in 61.8% and was focal or segmental in 82.8% of patients. Only eight patients (7.8%) had no NMS and 59.8% reported more than five. The most prevalent NMS were pain (72.5%) and anxiety (63.7%), followed by difficulty recalling information (44.1%), sadness/anhedonia (41.2%), and difficulty falling asleep (38.2%). No correlation was found between the total number of NMS and dystonia severity (p = 0.18) or regular botulinum toxin use (p = 0.66). The majority of NMS domains correlated with each other. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm a high prevalence of NMS among dystonia patients, even in those with mild motor disability. The pathophysiology of NMS in dystonia remains to be completely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pereira da Silva-Júnior
- Department of Neurology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Sônia Maria Cesar Azevedo Silva
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Hospital Do Servidor Público Estadual, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderci Borges
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ballalai Ferraz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Patrícia de Carvalho Aguiar
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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10
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Smit M, Albanese A, Benson M, Edwards MJ, Graessner H, Hutchinson M, Jech R, Krauss JK, Morgante F, Pérez Dueñas B, Reilly RB, Tinazzi M, Contarino MF, Tijssen MAJ. Dystonia Management: What to Expect From the Future? The Perspectives of Patients and Clinicians Within DystoniaNet Europe. Front Neurol 2021; 12:646841. [PMID: 34149592 PMCID: PMC8211212 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.646841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved care for people with dystonia presents a number of challenges. Major gaps in knowledge exist with regard to how to optimize the diagnostic process, how to leverage discoveries in pathophysiology into biomarkers, and how to develop an evidence base for current and novel treatments. These challenges are made greater by the realization of the wide spectrum of symptoms and difficulties faced by people with dystonia, which go well-beyond motor symptoms. A network of clinicians, scientists, and patients could provide resources to facilitate information exchange at different levels, share mutual experiences, and support each other's innovative projects. In the past, collaborative initiatives have been launched, including the American Dystonia Coalition, the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST-which however only existed for a limited time), and the Dutch DystonieNet project. The European Reference Network on Rare Neurological Diseases includes dystonia among other rare conditions affecting the central nervous system in a dedicated stream. Currently, we aim to broaden the scope of these initiatives to a comprehensive European level by further expanding the DystoniaNet network, in close collaboration with the ERN-RND. In line with the ERN-RND, the mission of DystoniaNet Europe is to improve care and quality of life for people with dystonia by, among other endeavors, facilitating access to specialized care, overcoming the disparity in education of medical professionals, and serving as a solid platform to foster international clinical and research collaborations. In this review, both professionals within the dystonia field and patients and caregivers representing Dystonia Europe highlight important unsolved issues and promising new strategies and the role that a European network can play in activating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marenka Smit
- Expertise Centre Movement Disorders Groningen, Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alberto Albanese
- Department of Neurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mark J. Edwards
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holm Graessner
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics and Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Hutchinson
- Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert Jech
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Joachim K. Krauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Francesca Morgante
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Belen Pérez Dueñas
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebron–Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard B. Reilly
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michele Tinazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Fiorella Contarino
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Marina A. J. Tijssen
- Expertise Centre Movement Disorders Groningen, Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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11
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Han V, Skorvanek M, Smit M, Turcanova Koprusakova M, Hoekstra T, Dijk JP, Tijssen MA, Gdovinova Z, Reijneveld SA. Prevalence of non-motor symptoms and their association with quality of life in cervical dystonia. Acta Neurol Scand 2020; 142:613-622. [PMID: 32579704 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are commonly present along with motor impairment in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) and have a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, the prevalence of NMS and their association with dystonia are still unclear. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, fatigue, apathy, pain, sleep problems, and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in CD using different evaluation approaches and to explore their association with HRQoL relative to that of motor symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 102 Slovak patients with CD. The severity of both motor and non-motor symptoms was assessed using validated scales. HRQoL was determined by the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Association of NMS with poor HRQoL was assessed using multiple regressions. RESULTS The most frequent NMS in our sample were sleep impairment (67.3%), anxiety (65.5%), general and physical fatigue (57.5% and 52.9%, respectively), depression (47.1%), mental fatigue (31.4%), apathy (30.4%), reduced activity (29.4%), EDS (20.2%), and reduced motivation (18.6%). Univariate analysis showed that NMS, but not motor symptoms, were significantly linked to poor HRQoL, with EDS being most commonly associated with poor HRQoL, followed by disrupted sleep, depression, and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of NMS among patients with CD is high, and some NMS are strongly associated with poor HRQoL, while motor impairment was not associated with the severity of NMS or poor HRQoL. Actively diagnosing and treating NMS should therefore be a routine part of the clinical management of patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Han
- Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Safarik University Kosice Slovakia
- Department of Neurology University Hospital L. Pasteur Kosice Slovakia
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health Faculty of Medicine Safarik University Kosice Slovakia
| | - Matej Skorvanek
- Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Safarik University Kosice Slovakia
- Department of Neurology University Hospital L. Pasteur Kosice Slovakia
| | - Marenka Smit
- Department of Neurology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Monika Turcanova Koprusakova
- Department of Neurology University Hospital in Martin Martin Slovakia
- Department of Neurology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava Martin Slovakia
| | - Tialda Hoekstra
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jitse P. Dijk
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health Faculty of Medicine Safarik University Kosice Slovakia
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marina A.J. Tijssen
- Department of Neurology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Zuzana Gdovinova
- Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Safarik University Kosice Slovakia
- Department of Neurology University Hospital L. Pasteur Kosice Slovakia
| | - Sijmen A. Reijneveld
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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12
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Emotional well-being and pain could be a greater determinant of quality of life compared to motor severity in cervical dystonia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 128:305-314. [PMID: 33146753 PMCID: PMC7969693 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-motor symptoms (NMS) occur in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) but with variable frequencies and impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). To define non-motor and motor profiles and their respective impact on HRQoL in CD patients using the newly validated Dystonia Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (DNMSQuest). In an observational prospective multicentre case–control study, we enrolled 61 patients with CD and 61 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) comparing demographic data, motor and non-motor symptoms and HRQoL measurements. 95% CD patients reported at least one NMS. Mean total NMS score was significantly higher in CD patients (5.62 ± 3.33) than in HC (1.74 ± 1.52; p < 0.001). Pain, insomnia and stigma were the most prevalent NMS and HRQoL was significantly impaired in CD patients compared to HC. There was strong correlation of NMS burden with HRQoL (CDQ-24: r = 0.72, EQ-5D: r = − 0.59; p < 0.001) in CD patients. Regression analysis between HRQoL and NMS suggested that emotional well-being (standardized beta = − 0.352) and pain (standardized beta = − 0.291) had a major impact on HRQoL while, in contrast motor severity had no significant impact in this model. Most NMS with the exception of pain, stigma and ADL did not correlate with motor severity. NMS are highly prevalent in CD patients and occur independent of age, sex, disease duration, duration of botulinum neurotoxin therapy and socio-economic status. Specific NMS such as emotional well-being and pain have a major impact on HRQoL and are more relevant than motor severity.
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13
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Bradnam LV, Meiring RM, Boyce M, McCambridge A. Neurorehabilitation in dystonia: a holistic perspective. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 128:549-558. [PMID: 33099684 PMCID: PMC8099801 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rehabilitation for isolated forms of dystonia, such as cervical or focal hand dystonia, is usually targeted towards the affected body part and focuses on sensorimotor control and motor retraining of affected muscles. Recent evidence, has revealed people who live with dystonia experience a range of functional and non-motor deficits that reduce engagement in daily activities and health-related quality of life, which should be addressed with therapeutic interventions. These findings support the need for a holistic approach to the rehabilitation of dystonia, where assessment and treatments involve non-motor signs and symptoms, and not just the dystonic body part. Most studies have investigated Cervical Dystonia, and in this population, it is evident there is reduced postural control and walking speed, high fear of falling and actual falls, visual compensation for the impaired neck posture, and a myriad of non-motor symptoms including pain, fatigue, sleep disorders and anxiety and depression. In other populations of dystonia, there is also emerging evidence of falls and reduced vision-related quality of life, along with the inability to participate in physical activity due to worsening of dystonic symptoms during or after exercise. A holistic approach to dystonia would support the management of a wide range of symptoms and signs, that if properly addressed could meaningfully reduce disability and improve quality of life in people living with dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynley V Bradnam
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Rebecca M Meiring
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Melani Boyce
- Graduate School of Health, Discipline of Physiotherapy, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alana McCambridge
- Graduate School of Health, Discipline of Physiotherapy, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Patient perspectives on the therapeutic profile of botulinum neurotoxin type A in cervical dystonia. J Neurol 2020; 268:903-912. [PMID: 32939574 PMCID: PMC7914227 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) is an effective pharmacological treatment for the management of cervical dystonia (CD) that requires repeated administration at variable intervals. We explored patient perceptions of the impact of CD and the waning of BoNT-A therapeutic effects. METHODS An internet-based survey was conducted through Carenity, a global online patient community, from May to September 2019. Eligible respondents were adults with CD who had ≥ 2 previous BoNT-A injections. RESULTS 209 respondents (81% females; mean age of 49.7 years) met the screening criteria. The mean BoNT-A injection frequency was 3.9 injections/year. The mean reported onset of BoNT-A therapeutic effect was 11.7 days and the time to peak effect was 4.5 weeks. Symptom re-emergence between injections was common (88%); the time from injection to symptom re-emergence was 73.6 days (~ 10.5 weeks). Treatment was not reported to completely abolish symptoms, even at peak effect. However, symptom severity was rated (0 = no symptoms; 10 = very strong symptoms) as lowest at the peak of treatment effects (mean scores ~ 3/10), increasing as the effects of treatment start waning (~ 5.5/10) and was strongest one day before the next session (~ 7-8/10). The impact of CD on quality of life followed the same 'rollercoaster' pattern. CONCLUSIONS This survey highlights the burden of CD symptoms, even in patients undergoing regular treatment. Symptom re-emergence is common and has significant impact on daily activities and quality of life. Greater awareness of the therapeutic profile of BoNT-A treatment should lead to better informed therapeutic discussions and planning.
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15
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Urso D, Leta V, Chaudhuri KR. Non-Motor Symptoms in Cervical Dystonia: A Concept in Evolution. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020; 23:428. [PMID: 33223656 PMCID: PMC7657303 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_287_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Urso
- King's College London, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Leta
- King's College London, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - K. Ray Chaudhuri
- King's College London, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
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16
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[Dystonia Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (DNMSQuest) for assessment of non-motor symptoms in dystonia : Intercultural adaptation in the German language]. DER NERVENARZT 2020; 91:337-342. [PMID: 32144450 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-020-00885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-motor symptoms (NMS) in patients with dystonia have a relevant impact on health-related quality of life; however, a comprehensive easy to use NMS assessment tool for clinical bedside use is currently not available. OBJECTIVE The validated German version of the dystonia non-motor symptoms questionnaire (DNMSQuest) for assessing NMS in craniocervical dystonia is presented. METHODS The DNMSQuest in the German language was developed based on internationally recognized standards for intercultural adaptation of self-completed patient questionnaires. Translation of the original English questionnaire into the German language as well as back translation to English was carried out independently by four bilingual specialists in neurological movement disorders. In each case a consensus version accepted by each translator was created by another neurologist. The back translated English version was compared with the original English questionnaire for relevant linguistic and content discrepancies by a neurologist who was significantly involved in the development of the original questionnaire. The final German version was used in 130 patients with cervical dystonia and 48 healthy controls in an international, multicenter validation study. RESULTS An interculturally adapted validated version of the DNMSQuest in the German and English languages was developed for rapid bedside assessment and evaluation of NMS in cervical dystonia. CONCLUSION The DNMSQuest successfully bridges the current gap of a validated disease-specific, patient self-administered, short, comprehensive questionnaire for NMS assessment in routine clinical practice in craniocervical dystonia. It is envisaged that this tool will be useful for the clinical practice and trials.
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17
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Drexel SC, Klietz M, Kollewe K, Paracka L, Kutschenko A, Kopp B, Lange F, Wegner F, Dressler D. Caregiver burden and health-related quality of life in idiopathic dystonia patients under botulinum toxin treatment: a cross-sectional study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 127:61-70. [PMID: 31802240 PMCID: PMC6942568 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dystonia is a chronic movement disorder that is associated with a reduction in health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and restriction of activities of daily living. Botulinum neurotoxin (BT) improves disease-specific HR-QoL by reducing abnormal movements, postures, and pain. We examined the burden of the corresponding primary caregiver as a potential important factor for disease management and HR-QoL of dystonia patients under treatment with BT. 114 patients with focal, segmental, or generalized dystonia were recruited, together with 93 corresponding caregivers, whose burden was investigated using the Caregiver Burden Inventory. In addition, all participants were assessed for cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, alexithymia, and HR-QoL. Only a small proportion of caregivers suffered from caregiver burden. Despite BT therapy, patients’ HR-QoL was decreased compared to the age-matched general German population. Psychological symptoms, notably anxiety, and depression correlated significantly with reduced HR-QoL. Our data imply that caregiver burden emerged to be an issue in subgroups of dystonia patients. Furthermore, HR-QoL of dystonia patients is reduced even under optimized BT treatment in a specialized center.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Drexel
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Klietz
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - K Kollewe
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - L Paracka
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Kutschenko
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - B Kopp
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - F Lange
- Behavioral Engineering Research Group, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - D Dressler
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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