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Jakobsson J, Malm C, Furberg M, Ekelund U, Svensson M. Physical Activity During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Prevention of a Decline in Metabolic and Immunological Functions. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:57. [PMID: 33345048 PMCID: PMC7739799 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Jakobsson
- Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christer Malm
- Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Furberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Svensson
- Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Physical Activity and Sports-Real Health Benefits: A Review with Insight into the Public Health of Sweden. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7050127. [PMID: 31126126 PMCID: PMC6572041 DOI: 10.3390/sports7050127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive effects from sports are achieved primarily through physical activity, but secondary effects bring health benefits such as psychosocial and personal development and less alcohol consumption. Negative effects, such as the risk of failure, injuries, eating disorders, and burnout, are also apparent. Because physical activity is increasingly conducted in an organized manner, sport’s role in society has become increasingly important over the years, not only for the individual but also for public health. In this paper, we intend to describe sport’s physiological and psychosocial health benefits, stemming both from physical activity and from sport participation per se. This narrative review summarizes research and presents health-related data from Swedish authorities. It is discussed that our daily lives are becoming less physically active, while organized exercise and training increases. Average energy intake is increasing, creating an energy surplus, and thus, we are seeing an increasing number of people who are overweight, which is a strong contributor to health problems. Physical activity and exercise have significant positive effects in preventing or alleviating mental illness, including depressive symptoms and anxiety- or stress-related disease. In conclusion, sports can be evolving, if personal capacities, social situation, and biological and psychological maturation are taken into account. Evidence suggests a dose–response relationship such that being active, even to a modest level, is superior to being inactive or sedentary. Recommendations for healthy sports are summarized.
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Rodríguez-Gómez I, Mañas A, Losa-Reyna J, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Chastin SFM, Alegre LM, García-García FJ, Ara I. Associations between sedentary time, physical activity and bone health among older people using compositional data analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206013. [PMID: 30346973 PMCID: PMC6197664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging is associated with a progressive decrease in bone mass (BM), and being physical active is one of the main strategies to combat this continuous loss. Nonetheless, because daily time is limited, time spent on each movement behavior is co-dependent. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between BM and movement behaviors in elderly people using compositional data analysis. METHODS We analyzed 871 older people [395 men (76.9±5.3y) and 476 women (76.7±4.7y)]. Time spent in sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), was assessed using accelerometry. BM was determined by bone densitometry (DXA). The sample was divided according to sex and bone health indicators. RESULTS The combined effect of all movement behaviors (PA and SB) was significantly associated with whole body, leg and femoral region BM in the whole sample (p≤0.05), with leg and pelvic BM (p<0.05) in men and, with whole body, arm and leg BM (p<0.05) in women. In men, arm and pelvic BM were negatively associated with SB and whole body, pelvic and leg BM were positively associated with MVPA (p≤0.05). In women, whole body and leg BM were positively associated with SB. Arm and whole body BM were positively associated and leg BM was negatively associated with LPA and arm BM was negatively associated with MVPA (p≤0.05). Women without bone fractures spent less time in SB and more in LPA and MVPA than the subgroup with bone fractures. CONCLUSION We identified that the positive effect of MVPA relative to the other behaviors on bone mass is the strongest overall effect in men. Furthermore, women might decrease bone fracture risk through PA increase and SB reduction, despite the fact that no clear benefits of PA for bone mass were found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asier Mañas
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Geriatric Department, Virgen del Valle Hospital, Toledo, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Geriatric Department, University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Sebastien F. M. Chastin
- Glasgow Caledonian University, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Ghent University, Department Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luis M. Alegre
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Francisco J. García-García
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Geriatric Department, Virgen del Valle Hospital, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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Kopec JA, Cibere J, Li LC, Zhang C, Barber M, Qian H, Wong H, Steininger G, Prlic H, Simatovic J, Ratzlaff C, Sayre EC, Ye J, Forster BB, Esdaile JM. Relationship between physical activity and hip pain in persons with and without cam or pincer morphology: a population-based case-control study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1055-1061. [PMID: 28219714 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.02.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to determine if physical activity (PA) is a risk factor for persistent or recurrent hip pain in young and middle-aged persons with and without radiographic findings of cam or pincer morphology (CPM). METHODS A population sample of persons aged 20-49 with (cases) and without (controls) hip pain in Metro Vancouver, Canada, was selected through random digit dialing (RDD). Self-reported PA was expressed as average energy expenditure (MET-hours) per year, over lifetime. CPM was defined as alpha angle >55°, lateral centre edge angle (LCE) >40°, or positive cross-over sign. RESULTS Data were obtained for 500 subjects, 269 cases and 231 controls. Prevalence of radiographic CPM was 49% in the cases and 44% in the controls. In a logistic regression model adjusted for age, gender and CPM, total lifetime PA, including occupational, domestic and recreational activities, was significantly associated with hip pain (Odds ratio (OR) 1.30 per 1000 MET-hours, 95% CI 1.15-1.38). The effect of total PA was observed in those with CPM (1.44, 1.17-1.78) and without CPM (1.23, 1.04-1.45). For domestic activities, the association was seen only in those with CPM (significant interaction). When PA was categorized into quartiles, higher levels of PA were associated with a greater risk of pain. CONCLUSIONS PA, as measured by average energy expenditure over lifetime is a risk factor for hip pain in young and middle-aged persons. For some activities, the risk is likely increased in persons with radiographic evidence of CPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kopec
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada.
| | - J Cibere
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada
| | - L C Li
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Barber
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada
| | - H Qian
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H Wong
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - H Prlic
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada
| | | | - C Ratzlaff
- Arthritis Centre and College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - E C Sayre
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada
| | - J Ye
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada
| | - B B Forster
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J M Esdaile
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada
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Dulay GS, Cooper C, Dennison EM. Knee pain, knee injury, knee osteoarthritis & work. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2015; 29:454-61. [PMID: 26612241 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) can be viewed as the end result of a molecular cascade which ensues after certain triggers occur and ultimately results in irreversible damage to the articular cartilage. The clinical phenotype that knee OA can produce is variable and often difficult to accurately predict. This is further complicated by the often poor relationship between radiographic OA and knee pain. As a consequence, it can be difficult to compare studies that use different definitions of OA. However, the literature suggests that while there are multiple causes of knee OA, two have attracted particular attention over recent years; occupation related knee OA and OA subsequent to previous knee injury. The evidence of a relationship, and the strength of this association, is discussed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - E M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK; Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Fransen M, Simic M, Harmer AR. Determinants of MSK health and disability: lifestyle determinants of symptomatic osteoarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2014; 28:435-60. [PMID: 25481425 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is frequently considered that, for many people, symptomatic osteoarthritis involving the lower limb joints is a largely preventable 'lifestyle disease'. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the most recent scientific evidence examining the effect of various lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, obesity, diet, smoking, alcohol and injury, on the development of symptomatic knee or hip osteoarthritis. The strengths and weaknesses of various studies are discussed, the magnitude of any demonstrated risks presented and current overall conclusions drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Fransen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Group, University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe NSW 2141, Australia.
| | - Milena Simic
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Group, University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe NSW 2141, Australia.
| | - Alison R Harmer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Group, University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe NSW 2141, Australia.
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Ezzat AM, Li LC. Occupational physical loading tasks and knee osteoarthritis: a review of the evidence. Physiother Can 2014; 66:91-107. [PMID: 24719516 DOI: 10.3138/ptc.2012-45bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Purpose : To perform a systematic review with best evidence synthesis examining the literature on the relationship between occupational loading tasks and knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Two databases were searched to identify articles published between 1946 and April, 2011. Eligible studies were those that (1) included adults reporting on their employment history; (2) measured individuals' exposure to work-related activities with heavy loading in the knee joint; and (3) identified presence of knee OA (determined by X-ray), cartilage defects associated with knee OA (identified by magnetic resonance imaging), or joint replacement surgery. RESULTS A total of 32 articles from 31 studies met the inclusion criteria. We found moderate evidence that combined heavy lifting and kneeling is a risk factor for knee OA, with odds ratios (OR) varying from 1.8 to 7.9, and limited evidence for heavy lifting (OR=1.4-7.3), kneeling (OR=1.5-6.9), stair climbing (OR=1.6-5.1), and occupational groups (OR=1.4-4.7) as risk factors. When examined by sex, moderate level evidence of knee OA was found in men; however, the evidence in women was limited. CONCLUSIONS Further high-quality prospective studies are warranted to provide further evidence on the role of occupational loading tasks in knee OA, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda C Li
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver ; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, B.C
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Aoyagi Y, Shephard RJ. Sex differences in relationships between habitual physical activity and health in the elderly: Practical implications for epidemiologists based on pedometer/accelerometer data from the Nakanojo Study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2013; 56:327-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Touma Z, Urowitz MB, Gladman DD. Systemic lupus erythematosus: an update on current pharmacotherapy and future directions. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:723-37. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.764411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ratzlaff C, Koehoorn M, Cibere J, Kopec J. Clinical validation of an Internet-based questionnaire for ascertaining hip and knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:1568-73. [PMID: 22975023 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the measurement properties of an Internet-based self-administered questionnaire in ascertaining cases of hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Questionnaire data from 4269 Canadian subjects aged 45-85 were collected on hip and knee joint health including self-reported items on medically-diagnosed hip and knee OA and joint replacement. A sub-cohort of 100 subjects was recruited for clinical examination. The self-reported outcomes were evaluated using the American College of Rheumatology clinical classification criteria for hip and knee OA as the gold standard for clinical verification. Analysis was at the joint level (200 knees, 200 hips). Validity was examined using sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values; to account for correlated joints of the same subject, bootstrapping was performed to yield valid 95% confidence interval (CI's). RESULTS Self-reported measures for a medical diagnosis of knee OA had a positive predictive value of 86%, negative predictive value 91%, sensitivity 73% and specificity 96% for correctly identifying clinical knee OA. For hip OA, the values were 61%, 98%, 81% and 94% respectively. CONCLUSION Internet self-report of medically-diagnosed hip and knee OA in metro Vancouver residents correctly identified most cases and non-cases of clinical OA when compared with the ACR clinical classification criteria gold standard. In particular, specificity was very high, important in risk factor studies due to the profound effect of even small losses in specificity on the measure of association. The findings provide evidence that these questionnaire case definitions have utility for identifying hip and knee OA in community and population-based studies when the purpose is to link potential risk factors with knee and hip health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ratzlaff
- Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ratzlaff CR, Koehoorn M, Cibere J, Kopec JA. Is lifelong knee joint force from work, home, and sport related to knee osteoarthritis? Int J Rheumatol 2012; 2012:584193. [PMID: 22848225 PMCID: PMC3405641 DOI: 10.1155/2012/584193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To investigate the association of cumulative lifetime knee joint force on the risk of self-reported medically-diagnosed knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. Exposure data on lifetime physical activity type (occupational, household, sport/recreation) and dose (frequency, intensity, duration) were collected from 4,269 Canadian men and women as part of the Physical Activity and Joint Heath cohort study. Subjects were ranked in terms of the "cumulative peak force index", a measure of lifetime mechanical knee force. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to obtain adjusted effects for mean lifetime knee force on the risk of knee OA. Results. High levels of total lifetime, occupational and household-related force were associated with an increased in risk of OA, with odds ratio's ranging from approximately 1.3 to 2. Joint injury, high BMI and older age were related to risk of knee OA, consistent with previous studies. Conclusions. A newly developed measure of lifetime mechanical knee force from physical activity was employed to estimate the risk of self-reported, medically-diagnosed knee OA. While there are limitations, this paper suggests that high levels of total lifetime force (all domains combined), and occupational force in men and household force in women were risk factors for knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Ratzlaff
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street PBB3, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Langsetmo L, Hitchcock CL, Kingwell EJ, Davison KS, Berger C, Forsmo S, Zhou W, Kreiger N, Prior JC. Physical activity, body mass index and bone mineral density-associations in a prospective population-based cohort of women and men: the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). Bone 2012; 50:401-8. [PMID: 22154839 PMCID: PMC3737114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is an important modifiable risk factor for both bone mineral density (BMD) and body mass index (BMI). However, BMI is itself strongly predictive of BMD. Our aim was to determine the association between PA and BMD, with consideration of BMI as a potential mediating factor. METHODS The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos) is a population-based prospective cohort study of Canadian women and men. PA was determined from interviewer-administered questionnaires at baseline and Year 5 and summarized as daily energy expenditure in total metabolic equivalents of the task multiplied by minutes/day (MET*m/d). Height, weight, and total hip and lumbar spine BMD were measured at baseline and Year 5. General linear models assessed relationships between PA and BMD, both cross-sectionally (baseline PA with baseline BMD) and longitudinally (average PA and change in PA with change in BMD). BMI was considered as a mediating factor. Potential confounders included age, center, education, caffeine intake, alcohol exposure, smoking history, history of weight-cycling, age at menarche, past use of oral contraceptives, history of >3 months missed menstruation, menopausal status, and antiresorptive use, as relevant. RESULTS The study included 2855 men and 6442 women. PA was inversely associated with BMI at baseline, and an increase in PA between baseline and Year 5 was associated with a decrease in BMI, with 0.41 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.60) kg/m(2) loss per 1000 MET*m/d increase (in men) and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.57) kg/m(2) loss per 1000 MET*m/d increase (in women). BMI was strongly associated with BMD, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. However, increased PA was associated with a small increase in total hip BMD, 0.004 (95% CI: 0.000-0.008) g/cm(2) per 1000 MET*m/d (in men) and 0.003 (95% CI: 0.000-0.007) g/cm(2) per 1000 MET*m/d (in women). Average PA was associated with an increase in lumbar spine BMD in women, but not in men; it was not associated with change in total hip BMD in either sex. CONCLUSION Increased PA is associated with an increase in BMD and a concomitant decrease in BMI. These findings suggest that population-level interventions to increase PA would favorably impact bone and other health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Langsetmo
- Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study, McGill University Hospital Centre Research Institute, Montréal, CA
| | | | - EJ Kingwell
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CA
| | - KS Davison
- Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CHUQ) Research Centre and Centre hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, CA
| | - C Berger
- Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study, McGill University Hospital Centre Research Institute, Montréal, CA
| | - S. Forsmo
- Head, Department of Family Practice and Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - W Zhou
- Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study, McGill University Hospital Centre Research Institute, Montréal, CA
| | - N Kreiger
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Toronto and Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, CA
| | - JC Prior
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Centre for Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CA
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Ratzlaff CR, Steininger G, Doerfling P, Koehoorn M, Cibere J, Liang MH, Wilson DR, Esdaile JM, Kopec JA. Influence of lifetime hip joint force on the risk of self-reported hip osteoarthritis: a community-based cohort study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:389-98. [PMID: 21255666 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of cumulative lifetime hip joint force on the risk of self-reported medically-diagnosed hip osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN Prospective cohort. SETTING General population. PARTICIPANTS Members of Canadian Association of Retired Persons, community-dwelling. MAIN OUTCOME Health-professional diagnosed hip OA, self-reported. METHODS Exposure data on lifetime physical activity type (occupational, household, sport) and dose (frequency, intensity, duration) was collected in 2005. Subjects were ranked in terms of a 'cumulative peak force index' (CFPI), a measure of lifetime mechanical hip joint force. Multivariable survival analyses were performed to obtain adjusted effects for mean lifetime exposure and during 5-year age periods. RESULTS Of 2918 subjects aged 45-85, 176 (6.03%) developed hip OA during the 2-year follow up (43 men, 133 women). The highest quintile of mean lifetime hip CPFI (HR 2.32; 95% CI 1.31-4.12), and high hip force in three age periods (35-39, 40-44, 45-49) were independently associated with hip OA. Previous hip injury was an approximate five-fold risk for development of hip OA across all models. In analysis by activity domain (occupation, sport, household), there was a trend (non-significant) for the highest quintile of occupational force, but not sport or household, to be associated with hip OA. CONCLUSIONS A newly proposed measure of lifetime mechanical hip force was used to estimate the risk of self-reported, medically-diagnosed hip OA. While there are important limitations, this prospective study suggests that lifelong physical activity is generally safe. Very high levels of lifetime force from all domains combined, and in particular from occupational forces, may be important in the etiology of hip OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Ratzlaff
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 5804 Fairview Avenue, Mather Building, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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