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Baltasar-Fernandez I, Alcazar J, Martín-Braojos S, Ara I, Alegre LM, García-García FJ, Alfaro-Acha A, Losa-Reyna J. Power-oriented resistance training combined with high-intensity interval training in pre-frail and frail older people: comparison between traditional and cluster training set configurations on the force-velocity relationship, physical function and frailty. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:623-632. [PMID: 37688638 PMCID: PMC10858062 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the force-velocity relationship changes in response to two different training programmes differing in the set configuration (cluster vs. traditional), and their impact on physical function and frailty in pre-frail and frail older adults. METHODS 43 pre-frail and frail (Frailty Phenotype ≥ 1 criteria) older adults (81.4 ± 5.1 years) participated in this study. Participants were assigned to cluster (CT; n = 10; 10-s intra-set rest), traditional (TT; n = 13; no intra-set rest) or control (CON; n = 20) groups. Force-velocity relationship (F0, V0 and Pmax), physical function (Short Physical Performance Battery, SPPB) and frailty (Frailty Phenotype, FP) were assessed at baseline and after the training programme. RESULTS Both CT and TT groups showed similar improvements in Pmax after training (CT = + 36.7 ± 34.2 W; TT = + 33.8 ± 44.6 W; both p < 0.01). V0 was improved by both CT (+ 0.08 ± 0.06 m s-1; p < 0.01), and TT (+ 0.07 ± 0.15 m s-1, p > 0.05). F0 remained unchanged in CT (+ 68.6 ± 224.2 N, p > 0.05) but increased in TT (+ 125.4 ± 226.8 N, p < 0.05). Finally, SPPB improved in both training conditions (CT = + 2.3 ± 1.3 points; TT = + 3.0 ± 1.2 points; both p < 0.05) and in the CON group (+ 0.9 ± 1.4 points, p < 0.05). CT and TT reduced their FP (CT = - 1.1 criteria; TT = - 1.6 criteria; both p < 0.01), while no changes were observed in the CON group (- 0.2 criteria, p = 0.38). CONCLUSIONS Both training methods were equally effective for improving Pmax, physical function and reducing frailty in pre-frail and frail older people. TT may be effective for improving both force and velocity parameters, while CT may be effective for improving velocity parameters alone, although further research is required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Baltasar-Fernandez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Julian Alcazar
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Martín-Braojos
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Alegre
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José García-García
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ana Alfaro-Acha
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
- Grupo de Investigación Valoración del Rendimiento Deportivo, Actividad Física y Salud y Lesiones Deportivas (REDAFLED), Universidad de Valladolid, Calle Universidad S/N, 42004, Soria, Spain.
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Mañas A, Del Pozo-Cruz B, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Losa-Reyna J, Júdice PB, Sardinha LB, Rodríguez-Mañas L, García-García FJ, Ara I. Breaking Sedentary Time Predicts Future Frailty in Inactive Older Adults: A Cross-Lagged Panel Model. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:893-900. [PMID: 32592584 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional evidence exists on the beneficial effects of breaks in sedentary time (BST) on frailty in older adults. Nonetheless, the longitudinal nature of these associations is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the direction and temporal order of the association between accelerometer-derived BST and frailty over time in older adults. METHODS This longitudinal study analyzed a total of 186 older adults aged 67-90 (76.7 ± 3.9 years; 52.7% females) from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging over a 4-year period. Number of daily BST was measured by accelerometry. Frailty was assessed with the Frailty Trait Scale. Multiple cross-lagged panel models were used to test the temporal and reciprocal relationship between BST and frailty. RESULTS For those physically inactive (n = 126), our analyses revealed a reciprocal inverse relationship between BST and frailty, such as higher initial BST predicted lower levels of later frailty (standardized regression coefficient [β] = -0.150, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.281, -0.018; p < .05); as well as initial lower frailty levels predicted higher future BST (β = -0.161, 95% CI = -0.310, -0.011; p < .05). Conversely, no significant pathway was found in the active participants (n = 60). CONCLUSIONS In physically inactive older adults, the relationship between BST and frailty is bidirectional, while in active individuals no associations were found. This investigation provides preliminary longitudinal evidence that breaking-up sedentary time more often reduces frailty in those older adults who do not meet physical activity recommendations. Targeting frequent BST may bring a feasible approach to decrease the burden of frailty among more at-risk inactive older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Mañas
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Del Pozo-Cruz
- Motivation and Behaviour Research Program, Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Irene Rodríguez-Gómez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pedro B Júdice
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Geriatric Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-García
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
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Rodríguez-Gómez I, Mañas A, Losa-Reyna J, Alegre LM, Rodríguez-Mañas L, García-García FJ, Ara I. Relationship between Physical Performance and Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time and Body Composition. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 18:ijerph18010203. [PMID: 33383967 PMCID: PMC7794741 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The objectives were to clarify whether the relationship between physical performance and frailty was independently and jointly mediated by movement behaviors and body composition. We analyzed 871 older adults (476 women) from The Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and fat index (FI) were determined using bone densitometry. Sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were assessed using accelerometry. The Frailty Trait Scale and The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were used to evaluate frailty and physical performance, respectively. Simple and multiple mediation analyses were carried out to determine the role of movement behaviors and body composition, adjusted for potential confounders. ST and MVPA acted independently as mediators in the relationship between SPPB and frailty (0.06% for ST and 16.89% for MVPA). FI also acted as an independent mediator in the same relationship (36.47%), while the mediation role of SMI was not significant. MVPA and FI both acted jointly as mediators in this previous relationship explaining 58.15% of the model. Our data support the fact that interventions should simultaneously encourage the promotion of MVPA and strategies to decrease the FI in order to prevent or treat frailty through physical performance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rodríguez-Gómez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (I.R.-G.); (A.M.); (J.L.-R.); (L.M.A.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-M.); (F.J.G.-G.)
| | - Asier Mañas
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (I.R.-G.); (A.M.); (J.L.-R.); (L.M.A.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-M.); (F.J.G.-G.)
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (I.R.-G.); (A.M.); (J.L.-R.); (L.M.A.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-M.); (F.J.G.-G.)
- Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Luis M. Alegre
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (I.R.-G.); (A.M.); (J.L.-R.); (L.M.A.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-M.); (F.J.G.-G.)
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-M.); (F.J.G.-G.)
- Geriatric Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
| | - Francisco J. García-García
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-M.); (F.J.G.-G.)
- Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (I.R.-G.); (A.M.); (J.L.-R.); (L.M.A.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-M.); (F.J.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-925-268-800 (ext. 5543)
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Baltasar-Fernandez I, Alcazar J, Rodriguez-Lopez C, Losa-Reyna J, Alonso-Seco M, Ara I, Alegre LM. Sit-to-stand muscle power test: Comparison between estimated and force plate-derived mechanical power and their association with physical function in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2020; 145:111213. [PMID: 33340686 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed i) to assess the assumptions made in the sit-to-stand (STS) muscle power test [body mass accelerated during the ascending phase (90% of total body mass), leg length (50% of total body height) and concentric phase (50% of total STS time)], ii) to compare force plate-derived (FPD) STS power values with those derived from the STS muscle power test; and iii) to analyze the relationships of both measurements with physical function. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty community-dwelling older adults (71.3 ± 4.4 years) participated in the present investigation. FPD STS power was calculated as the product of measured force (force platform) and velocity [difference between leg length (DXA scan) and chair height, divided by time (obtained from FPD data and video analysis)], and compared to estimated STS power using the STS muscle power test. Physical function was assessed by the timed-up-and-go (TUG) velocity, habitual gait speed (HGS) and maximal gait speed (MGS). Paired t-tests, Bland-Altman plots and regressions analyses were conducted. RESULTS Body mass accelerated during the STS phase was 85.1 ± 3.8% (p < 0.05; compared to assumed 90%), leg length was 50.7 ± 1.3% of body height (p < 0.05; compared to 50%), and measured concentric time was 50.3 ± 4.6% of one STS repetition (p > 0.05; compared to assumed 50%). There were no significant differences between FPD and estimated STS power values (mean difference [95% CI] = 6.4 W [-68.5 to 81.6 W]; p = 0.251). Both FPD and estimated relative (i.e. normalized to body mass) STS power were significantly related to each other (r = 0.95 and ICC = 0.95; p < 0.05) and to MGS and TUG velocity after adjusting for age and sex (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Estimated STS power was not different from FPD STS power and both measures were strongly related to each other and to maximal physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Baltasar-Fernandez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julian Alcazar
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain.
| | - María Alonso-Seco
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis M Alegre
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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Rodríguez-Gómez I, Mañas A, Losa-Reyna J, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Chastin SF, Alegre LM, García-García FJ, Ara I. Prospective Changes in the Distribution of Movement Behaviors Are Associated With Bone Health in the Elderly According to Variations in their Frailty Levels. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1236-1245. [PMID: 32078181 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is associated with poor bone health and osteoporosis, and physical activity (PA) is one of the best treatments for both pathologies in older adults. Nonetheless, because daily time is limited, how the time is distributed during the waking hours is critical. The waking hours are spent according to different movement behaviors: sedentary behaviors (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The aim of this study was to use compositional data analyses to examine the effects of the change in movement behaviors on bone health during aging in older people, related to the changes in their frailty levels. We analyzed 227 older people aged 65 to 94 (125 women and 102 men) over a 4-year period. Movement behaviors were assessed using accelerometry. Both bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were determined using bone densitometry. The Frailty Trait Scale was used to divide the sample by frailty level evolution during aging. The R statistical system was used for the compositional data analysis and, in addition, all models were adjusted for several covariates. The changes in the distribution of all movement behaviors within a waking hour period were significantly associated with spine and femoral neck BMD changes in the subgroup with a positive change in frailty level and spine BMC in the subgroup with no change in frailty level (p ≤ .05). Likewise, MVPA relative to the change in other movement behaviors was also associated in both subgroups with higher BMD and BMC, respectively, in the same body areas (p ≤ .05). No significant associations were found in the negative change in frailty level subgroup. Older people who achieved a positive change in frailty level during a 4-year period showed higher BMD changes compared to those with no changes or increases in their frailty level. Therefore, increasing MVPA relative to the change in the other movement behaviors during a 4-year period could perhaps produce bone health improvements in the elderly that do not worsen their frailty level. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rodríguez-Gómez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Asier Mañas
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Geriatric Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Sebastien Fm Chastin
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luis M Alegre
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-García
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
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Mañas A, Del Pozo-Cruz B, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Losa-Reyna J, Rodríguez-Mañas L, García-García FJ, Ara I. Which one came first: movement behavior or frailty? A cross-lagged panel model in the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:415-423. [PMID: 31912990 PMCID: PMC7113532 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been limited longitudinal assessment of the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with frailty, and no studies have explored the possibility of reverse causality. This study aimed to determine the potential bidirectionality of the relationship between accelerometer-assessed MVPA, SB, and frailty over time in older adults. METHODS Participants were from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. We analysed 186 older people aged 67 to 90 (76.7 ± 3.9; 52.7% female participants) over a 4-year period. Time spent in SB and MVPA was assessed by accelerometry. Frailty Trait Scale was used to determine frailty levels. A cross-lagged panel model design was used to test the reciprocal relationships between MVPA/SB and frailty. RESULTS Frailty Trait Scale score changed from 35.4 to 43.8 points between the two times (P < 0.05). We also found a reduction of 7 min/day in the time spent on MVPA (P < 0.05), and participants tended to spend more time on SB (P = 0.076). Our analyses revealed that lower levels of initial MVPA predicted higher levels of later frailty [std. β = -0.126; confidence interval (CI) = -0.231, -0.021; P < 0.05], whereas initial spent time on SB did not predict later frailty (std. β = -0.049; CI = -0.185, 0.087; P = 0.48). Conversely, an initial increased frailty status predicted higher levels of later SB (std. β = 0.167; CI = 0.026, 0.307; P < 0.05) but not those of MVPA (std. β = 0.071; CI = -0.033, 0.175; P = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that the relationship between MVPA/SB and frailty is unidirectional: individuals who spent less time on MVPA at baseline are more likely to increase their frailty score, and individuals who are more frail are more likely to spent more time on SB at follow-up. Interventions and policies should aim to increase MVPA levels from earlier stages to promote successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Mañas
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Del Pozo-Cruz
- Motivation and Behaviour Research Program, Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Irene Rodríguez-Gómez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Geriatric Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-García
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
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Rodríguez-Gómez I, Mañas A, Losa-Reyna J, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Chastin SFM, Alegre LM, García-García FJ, Ara I. Compositional Influence of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health during Aging. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 51:1736-1744. [PMID: 30829961 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE Physical activity (PA) is considered the best nonpharmacological treatment for the decrease in bone mass (BM) produced during aging. Therefore, it is essential to assess how the time spent in PA is distributed to control further changes. This work examines the relationship between movement behaviors and BM during aging, using compositional data analysis. METHODS We studied 227 older people 65 to 94 yr old (102 men and 125 women), divided by sex and bone status, over a period of 4 yr. Time spent in sedentary behavior (SB), light PA (LPA), and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), was assessed using accelerometry. BM was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS The changes in MVPA were positively associated with the rate of BM decay at spine and leg in the whole sample and men's subgroup (P ≤ 0.05). In women, the rate of BM decay at spine and Ward's triangle were negatively associated with SB changes, and BM decay at femoral neck and Ward's triangle were positively associated with LPA (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Increasing MVPA related to other movement behaviors produces improvements in the rate of bone change in older men, whereas to increase LPA and maintain MVPA would be the best approach to enhance BM in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rodríguez-Gómez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Madrid, SPAIN
| | - Asier Mañas
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Madrid, SPAIN
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Madrid, SPAIN.,Geriatric Department, Virgen del Valle Hospital, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Madrid, SPAIN.,Geriatric Department, University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, SPAIN
| | - Sebastien F M Chastin
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UNITED KINGDOM.,Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, BELGIUM
| | - Luis M Alegre
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Madrid, SPAIN
| | - Francisco J García-García
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Madrid, SPAIN.,Geriatric Department, Virgen del Valle Hospital, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Madrid, SPAIN
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Mañas A, Del Pozo-Cruz B, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Leal-Martín J, Losa-Reyna J, Rodríguez-Mañas L, García-García FJ, Ara I. Dose-response association between physical activity and sedentary time categories on ageing biomarkers. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:270. [PMID: 31615446 PMCID: PMC6794876 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity and sedentary behaviour have been suggested to independently affect a number of health outcomes. To what extent different combinations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour may influence physical function and frailty outcomes in older adults is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the combination of mutually exclusive categories of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time on physical function and frailty in older adults. Methods 771 older adults (54% women; 76.8 ± 4.9 years) from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by accelerometry. Physically active was defined as meeting current aerobic guidelines for older adults proposed by the World Health Organization. Low sedentary was defined as residing in the lowest quartile of the light physical activity-to-sedentary time ratio. Participants were then classified into one of four mutually exclusive movement patterns: (1) ‘physically active & low sedentary’, (2) ‘physically active & high sedentary’, (3) ‘physically inactive & low sedentary’, and (4) ‘physically inactive & high sedentary’. The Short Physical Performance Battery was used to measure physical function and frailty was assessed using the Frailty Trait Scale. Results ‘Physically active & low sedentary’ and ‘physically active & high sedentary’ individuals had significantly higher levels of physical function (β = 1.73 and β = 1.30 respectively; all p < 0.001) and lower frailty (β = − 13.96 and β = − 8.71 respectively; all p < 0.001) compared to ‘physically inactive & high sedentary’ participants. Likewise, ‘physically inactive & low sedentary’ group had significantly lower frailty (β = − 2.50; p = 0.05), but significance was not reached for physical function. Conclusions We found a dose-response association of the different movement patterns analysed in this study with physical function and frailty. Meeting the physical activity guidelines was associated with the most beneficial physical function and frailty profiles in our sample. Among inactive people, more light intensity relative to sedentary time was associated with better frailty status. These results point out to the possibility of stepwise interventions (i.e. targeting less strenuous activities) to promote successful aging, particularly in inactive older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Mañas
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Del Pozo-Cruz
- Motivation and Behaviour Research Program, Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Irene Rodríguez-Gómez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Leal-Martín
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Geriatric Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-García
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain. .,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Martin-Rincon M, González-Henríquez JJ, Losa-Reyna J, Perez-Suarez I, Ponce-González JG, de La Calle-Herrero J, Perez-Valera M, Pérez-López A, Curtelin D, Cherouveim ED, Morales-Alamo D, Calbet JAL. Impact of data averaging strategies on V̇O 2max assessment: Mathematical modeling and reliability. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1473-1488. [PMID: 31173407 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No consensus exists on how to average data to optimize V ˙ O2max assessment. Although the V ˙ O2max value is reduced with larger averaging blocks, no mathematical procedure is available to account for the effect of the length of the averaging block on V ˙ O2max. AIMS: To determine the effect that the number of breaths or seconds included in the averaging block has on the V ˙ O2max value and its reproducibility and to develop correction equations to standardize V ˙ O2max values obtained with different averaging strategies. METHODS Eighty-four subjects performed duplicate incremental tests to exhaustion (IE) in the cycle ergometer and/or treadmill using two metabolic carts (Vyntus and Vmax N29). Rolling breath averages and fixed time averages were calculated from breath-by-breath data from 6 to 60 breaths or seconds. RESULTS V ˙ O2max decayed from 6 to 60 breath averages by 10% in low fit ( V ˙ O2max < 40 mL kg-1 min-1 ) and 6.7% in trained subjects. The V ˙ O2max averaged from a similar number of breaths or seconds was highly concordant (CCC > 0.97). There was a linear-log relationship between the number of breaths or seconds in the averaging block and V ˙ O2max (R2 > 0.99, P < 0.001), and specific equations were developed to standardize V ˙ O2max values to a fixed number of breaths or seconds. Reproducibility was higher in trained than low-fit subjects and not influenced by the averaging strategy, exercise mode, maximal respiratory rate, or IE protocol. CONCLUSIONS The V ˙ O2max decreases following a linear-log function with the number of breaths or seconds included in the averaging block and can be corrected with specific equations as those developed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Martin-Rincon
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan José González-Henríquez
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Department of Mathematics, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ismael Perez-Suarez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Jaime de La Calle-Herrero
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Mario Perez-Valera
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alberto Pérez-López
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Curtelin
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Evgenia D Cherouveim
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - David Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jose A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Rodríguez-Gómez I, Mañas A, Losa-Reyna J, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Chastin SFM, Alegre LM, García-García FJ, Ara I. The Impact of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health in Elderly with Adequate Nutritional Status: Compositional Data Analysis Depending on the Frailty Status. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030582. [PMID: 30857291 PMCID: PMC6472191 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between bone mass (BM) and physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) according to frailty status and sex using compositional data analysis. We analyzed 871 older people with an adequate nutritional status. Fried criteria were used to classify by frailty status. Time spent in SB, light intensity PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) was assessed from accelerometry for 7 days. BM was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The combined effect of PA and SB was significantly associated with BM in robust men and women (p ≤ 0.05). In relation to the other behaviors, SB was negatively associated with BM in robust men while BM was positively associated with SB and negatively with LPA and MVPA in robust women. Moreover, LPA also was positively associated with arm BM (p ≤ 0.01). Finally, in pre-frail women, BM was positively associated with MVPA. In our sample, to decrease SB could be a good strategy to improve BM in robust men. In contrast, in pre-frail women, MVPA may be an important factor to consider regarding bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rodríguez-Gómez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28001 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Asier Mañas
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28001 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28001 Madrid, Spain.
- Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28001 Madrid, Spain.
- Geriatric Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28901 Getafe, Spain.
| | - Sebastien F M Chastin
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G1 1BX, UK.
- Department Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Luis M Alegre
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28001 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco J García-García
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28001 Madrid, Spain.
- Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28001 Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Mañas A, Pozo-Cruz BD, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Losa-Reyna J, Rodríguez-Mañas L, García-García FJ, Ara I. Can Physical Activity Offset the Detrimental Consequences of Sedentary Time on Frailty? A Moderation Analysis in 749 Older Adults Measured With Accelerometers. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 20:634-638.e1. [PMID: 30738823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether or not and to what extent the association between sedentary time and frailty was moderated by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Community-dwelling individuals. PARTICIPANTS 749 (403 females and 346 males) white older adults. MEASUREMENTS Sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were measured with accelerometers. Frailty was objectively measured using the Frailty Trait Scale. All models were adjusted for age, sex, education, income, marital status, body mass index, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and accelerometer wear time. RESULTS The regression model reported a significant effect of sedentary time on frailty (P < .05). Nevertheless, the results indicated that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity moderates the relationship between frailty status and sedentary time. The Johnson-Neyman technique determined that the estimated moderate-to-vigorous physical activity point was 27.25 minutes/d, from which sedentary time has no significant effect on frailty. CONCLUSIONS Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is a moderator in the relationship between sedentary time and frailty in older adults, offsetting the harmful effects of sedentary behavior with 27 minutes/d of moderate-to-vigorous activity. Engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities should be encouraged. Reducing sedentary behavior may also be beneficial, particularly among inactive older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Mañas
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Del Pozo-Cruz
- Motivation and Behaviour Research Program, Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Irene Rodríguez-Gómez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain; Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain; Geriatric Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-García
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain; Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Rodríguez-Gómez I, Mañas A, Losa-Reyna J, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Chastin SFM, Alegre LM, García-García FJ, Ara I. Associations between sedentary time, physical activity and bone health among older people using compositional data analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206013. [PMID: 30346973 PMCID: PMC6197664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging is associated with a progressive decrease in bone mass (BM), and being physical active is one of the main strategies to combat this continuous loss. Nonetheless, because daily time is limited, time spent on each movement behavior is co-dependent. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between BM and movement behaviors in elderly people using compositional data analysis. METHODS We analyzed 871 older people [395 men (76.9±5.3y) and 476 women (76.7±4.7y)]. Time spent in sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), was assessed using accelerometry. BM was determined by bone densitometry (DXA). The sample was divided according to sex and bone health indicators. RESULTS The combined effect of all movement behaviors (PA and SB) was significantly associated with whole body, leg and femoral region BM in the whole sample (p≤0.05), with leg and pelvic BM (p<0.05) in men and, with whole body, arm and leg BM (p<0.05) in women. In men, arm and pelvic BM were negatively associated with SB and whole body, pelvic and leg BM were positively associated with MVPA (p≤0.05). In women, whole body and leg BM were positively associated with SB. Arm and whole body BM were positively associated and leg BM was negatively associated with LPA and arm BM was negatively associated with MVPA (p≤0.05). Women without bone fractures spent less time in SB and more in LPA and MVPA than the subgroup with bone fractures. CONCLUSION We identified that the positive effect of MVPA relative to the other behaviors on bone mass is the strongest overall effect in men. Furthermore, women might decrease bone fracture risk through PA increase and SB reduction, despite the fact that no clear benefits of PA for bone mass were found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asier Mañas
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Geriatric Department, Virgen del Valle Hospital, Toledo, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Geriatric Department, University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Sebastien F. M. Chastin
- Glasgow Caledonian University, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Ghent University, Department Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luis M. Alegre
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Francisco J. García-García
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Geriatric Department, Virgen del Valle Hospital, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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13
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Rosado-Artalejo C, Carnicero JA, Losa-Reyna J, Castillo C, Cobos-Antoranz B, Alfaro-Acha A, Rodríguez-Mañas L, García-García FJ. Global Performance of Executive Function Is Predictor of Risk of Frailty and Disability in Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:980-987. [PMID: 29083438 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The executive function is a complex set of skills affected during the aging process and translate into subclinical cerebrovascular disease. Postural instability or motor slowness are some clinical manifestations, being consubstantial with the frailty phenotype, genuine expression of aging. Executive dysfunction is also considered a predictor of adverse health events in the elderly. AIM To study whether the executive dysfunction can be used as an early marker for frailty and the viability of use as a predictor of mortality, hospitalization and/or disability in a Mediterranean population. DESIGN A population-based cohort study using data from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging (TSHA). METHODS 1690 Spanish elders aged ≥65 years underwent a neuropsychological evaluation in order to measure executive function. To assess whether the accumulation of dysfunctions (in severity and amplitude) could increase the predictive value of adverse health events in relation to each dimension separately an executive dysfunction cumulative index was constructed. Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine mortality and hospitalization over 5.02 and 3.1 years of follow-up, respectively. RESULTS Executive dysfunction is a powerful predictor of mortality, frailty and disability. Cumulative differences in executive function are associated with high risk of frailty and disability, thus, for each one point increment in the executive function index, the risk of death increased by 7 %, frailty by 13% and disability by 11% (P<0.05). Moreover, the executive impairment exhibits a strong positive tendency with age, comorbidity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS Cumulative differences in four executive dimensions widely used in clinical practice improves the ability to predict frailty and disability compared to each dimension separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rosado-Artalejo
- Francisco José García-García. MD, Geriatric Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Ctra de Cobisas/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain. Phone: 0034925269300. Ext 26107, Fax: 0034925269355, e-mail: ,
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14
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Torres-Peralta R, Losa-Reyna J, Morales-Alamo D, González-Izal M, Pérez-Suárez I, Ponce-González JG, Izquierdo M, Calbet JAL. Increased PIO2 at Exhaustion in Hypoxia Enhances Muscle Activation and Swiftly Relieves Fatigue: A Placebo or a PIO2 Dependent Effect? Front Physiol 2016; 7:333. [PMID: 27582710 PMCID: PMC4987359 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the level of hypoxia from which muscle activation (MA) is reduced during incremental exercise to exhaustion (IE), and the role played by PIO2 in this process, ten volunteers (21 ± 2 years) performed four IE in severe acute hypoxia (SAH) (PIO2 = 73 mmHg). Upon exhaustion, subjects were asked to continue exercising while the breathing gas mixture was swiftly changed to a placebo (73 mmHg) or to a higher PIO2 (82, 92, 99, and 142 mmHg), and the IE continued until a new exhaustion. At the second exhaustion, the breathing gas was changed to room air (normoxia) and the IE continued until the final exhaustion. MA, as reflected by the vastus medialis (VM) and lateralis (VL) EMG raw and normalized root mean square (RMSraw, and RMSNz, respectively), normalized total activation index (TAINz), and burst duration were 8–20% lower at exhaustion in SAH than in normoxia (P < 0.05). The switch to a placebo or higher PIO2 allowed for the continuation of exercise in all instances. RMSraw, RMSNz, and TAINz were increased by 5–11% when the PIO2 was raised from 73 to 92, or 99 mmHg, and VL and VM averaged RMSraw by 7% when the PIO2 was elevated from 73 to 142 mmHg (P < 0.05). The increase of VM-VL average RMSraw was linearly related to the increase in PIO2, during the transition from SAH to higher PIO2 (R2 = 0.915, P < 0.05). In conclusion, increased PIO2 at exhaustion reduces fatigue and allows for the continuation of exercise in moderate and SAH, regardless of the effects of PIO2 on MA. At task failure, MA is increased during the first 10 s of increased PIO2 when the IE is performed at a PIO2 close to 73 mmHg and the PIO2 is increased to 92 mmHg or higher. Overall, these findings indicate that one of the central mechanisms by which severe hypoxia may cause central fatigue and task failure is by reducing the capacity for reaching the appropriate level of MA to sustain the task. The fact that at exhaustion in severe hypoxia the exercise was continued with the placebo-gas mixture demonstrates that this central mechanism has a cognitive component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Torres-Peralta
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas Palmas, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y SanitariasLas Palmas, Spain
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas Palmas, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y SanitariasLas Palmas, Spain
| | - David Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas Palmas, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y SanitariasLas Palmas, Spain
| | | | - Ismael Pérez-Suárez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas Palmas, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y SanitariasLas Palmas, Spain
| | - Jesús G Ponce-González
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra Tudela, Spain
| | - José A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas Palmas, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y SanitariasLas Palmas, Spain
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15
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Torres-Peralta R, Morales-Alamo D, González-Izal M, Losa-Reyna J, Pérez-Suárez I, Izquierdo M, Calbet JAL. Task Failure during Exercise to Exhaustion in Normoxia and Hypoxia Is Due to Reduced Muscle Activation Caused by Central Mechanisms While Muscle Metaboreflex Does Not Limit Performance. Front Physiol 2016; 6:414. [PMID: 26793117 PMCID: PMC4707284 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether task failure during incremental exercise to exhaustion (IE) is principally due to reduced neural drive and increased metaboreflex activation eleven men (22 ± 2 years) performed a 10 s control isokinetic sprint (IS; 80 rpm) after a short warm-up. This was immediately followed by an IE in normoxia (Nx, PIO2:143 mmHg) and hypoxia (Hyp, PIO2:73 mmHg) in random order, separated by a 120 min resting period. At exhaustion, the circulation of both legs was occluded instantaneously (300 mmHg) during 10 or 60 s to impede recovery and increase metaboreflex activation. This was immediately followed by an IS with open circulation. Electromyographic recordings were obtained from the vastus medialis and lateralis. Muscle biopsies and blood gases were obtained in separate experiments. During the last 10 s of the IE, pulmonary ventilation, VO2, power output and muscle activation were lower in hypoxia than in normoxia, while pedaling rate was similar. Compared to the control sprint, performance (IS-Wpeak) was reduced to a greater extent after the IE-Nx (11% lower P < 0.05) than IE-Hyp. The root mean square (EMGRMS) was reduced by 38 and 27% during IS performed after IE-Nx and IE-Hyp, respectively (Nx vs. Hyp: P < 0.05). Post-ischemia IS-EMGRMS values were higher than during the last 10 s of IE. Sprint exercise mean (IS-MPF) and median (IS-MdPF) power frequencies, and burst duration, were more reduced after IE-Nx than IE-Hyp (P < 0.05). Despite increased muscle lactate accumulation, acidification, and metaboreflex activation from 10 to 60 s of ischemia, IS-Wmean (+23%) and burst duration (+10%) increased, while IS-EMGRMS decreased (−24%, P < 0.05), with IS-MPF and IS-MdPF remaining unchanged. In conclusion, close to task failure, muscle activation is lower in hypoxia than in normoxia. Task failure is predominantly caused by central mechanisms, which recover to great extent within 1 min even when the legs remain ischemic. There is dissociation between the recovery of EMGRMS and performance. The reduction of surface electromyogram MPF, MdPF and burst duration due to fatigue is associated but not caused by muscle acidification and lactate accumulation. Despite metaboreflex stimulation, muscle activation and power output recovers partly in ischemia indicating that metaboreflex activation has a minor impact on sprint performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Torres-Peralta
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS)Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - David Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS)Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - José Losa-Reyna
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS)Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ismael Pérez-Suárez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS)Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra Tudela, Spain
| | - José A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS)Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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16
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Ponce-González JG, Rodríguez-Garcia L, Losa-Reyna J, Guadalupe-Grau A, Rodriguez-Gonzalez FG, Díaz-Chico BN, Dorado C, Serrano-Sanchez JA, Calbet JAL. Androgen receptor gene polymorphism influence fat accumulation: A longitudinal study from adolescence to adult age. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:1313-1320. [PMID: 26634957 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To determine the influence of androgen receptor CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms on fat mass and maximal fat oxidation (MFO), CAG and GGN repeat lengths were measured in 128 young boys, from which longitudinal data were obtained in 45 of them [mean ± SD: 12.8 ± 3.6 years old at recruitment, and 27.0 ± 4.8 years old at adult age]. Subjects were grouped as CAG short (CAGS ) if harboring repeat lengths ≤ 21, the rest as CAG long (CAGL ); and GGN short (GGNS ) if GGN repeat lengths ≤ 23, or long if > 23 (GGNL ). CAGS and GGNS were associated with lower adiposity than CAGL or GGNL (P < 0.05). There was an association between the logarithm of CAG repeats polymorphism and the changes of body mass (r = 0.34, P = 0.03). At adult age, CAGS men showed lower accumulation of total body and trunk fat mass, and lower resting metabolic rate (RMR) and MFO per kg of total lean mass compared with CAGL (P < 0.05). GGNS men also showed lower percentage of body fat (P < 0.05). In summary, androgen receptor CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms are associated with RMR, MFO, fat mass, and its regional distribution in healthy male adolescents, influencing fat accumulation from adolescence to adult age.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Ponce-González
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - L Rodríguez-Garcia
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J Losa-Reyna
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A Guadalupe-Grau
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - F G Rodriguez-Gonzalez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Canary Islands Cancer Research Institute (ICIC), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - B N Díaz-Chico
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Canary Islands Cancer Research Institute (ICIC), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - C Dorado
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J A Serrano-Sanchez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. .,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Losa-Reyna J, Torres-Peralta R, Henriquez JJG, Calbet JAL. Arterial to end-tidal Pco2 difference during exercise in normoxia and severe acute hypoxia: importance of blood temperature correction. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/10/e12512. [PMID: 26508736 PMCID: PMC4632943 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative arterial to end-tidal Pco2 differences ((a-ET)Pco2) have been reported in normoxia. To determine the influence of blood temperature on (a-ET)Pco2, 11 volunteers (21 ± 2 years) performed incremental exercise to exhaustion in normoxia (Nx, PIo2: 143 mmHg) and hypoxia (Hyp, PIo2: 73 mmHg), while arterial blood gases and temperature (ABT) were simultaneously measured together with end-tidal Pco2 (PETco2). After accounting for blood temperature, the (a-ET) Pco2 was reduced (in absolute values) from −4.2 ± 1.6 to −1.1 ± 1.5 mmHg in normoxia and from −1.7 ± 1.6 to 0.9 ± 0.9 mmHg in hypoxia (both P < 0.05). The temperature corrected (a-ET)Pco2 was linearly related with absolute and relative exercise intensity, VO2, VCO2, and respiratory rate (RR) in normoxia and hypoxia (R2: 0.52–0.59). Exercise CO2 production and PETco2 values were lower in hypoxia than normoxia, likely explaining the greater (less negative) (a-ET)Pco2 difference in hypoxia than normoxia (P < 0.05). At near-maximal exercise intensity the (a-ET)Pco2 lies close to 0 mmHg, that is, the mean Paco2 and the mean PETco2 are similar. The mean exercise (a-ET)Pco2 difference is closely related to the mean A-aDO2 difference (r = 0.90, P < 0.001), as would be expected if similar mechanisms perturb the gas exchange of O2 and CO2 during exercise. In summary, most of the negative (a-ET)Pco2 values observed in previous studies are due to lack of correction of Paco2 for blood temperature. The absolute magnitude of the (a-ET)Pco2 difference is lower during exercise in hypoxia than normoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Losa-Reyna
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Rafael Torres-Peralta
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Juan José González Henriquez
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain Department of Mathematics, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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18
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Morales-Alamo D, Losa-Reyna J, Torres-Peralta R, Martin-Rincon M, Perez-Valera M, Curtelin D, Ponce-González JG, Santana A, Calbet JAL. What limits performance during whole-body incremental exercise to exhaustion in humans? J Physiol 2015; 593:4631-48. [PMID: 26250346 DOI: 10.1113/jp270487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the mechanisms causing task failure during incremental exercise to exhaustion (IE), sprint performance (10 s all-out isokinetic) and muscle metabolites were measured before (control) and immediately after IE in normoxia (P(IO2) 143 mmHg) and hypoxia (P(IO2): 73 mmHg) in 22 men (22 ± 3 years). After IE, subjects recovered for either 10 or 60 s, with open circulation or bilateral leg occlusion (300 mmHg) in random order. This was followed by a 10 s sprint with open circulation. Post-IE peak power output (W(peak)) was higher than the power output reached at exhaustion during IE (P < 0.05). After 10 and 60 s recovery in normoxia, W(peak) was reduced by 38 ± 9 and 22 ± 10% without occlusion, and 61 ± 8 and 47 ± 10% with occlusion (P < 0.05). Following 10 s occlusion, W(peak) was 20% higher in hypoxia than normoxia (P < 0.05), despite similar muscle lactate accumulation ([La]) and phosphocreatine and ATP reduction. Sprint performance and anaerobic ATP resynthesis were greater after 60 s compared with 10 s occlusions, despite the higher [La] and [H(+)] after 60 s compared with 10 s occlusion recovery (P < 0.05). The mean rate of ATP turnover during the 60 s occlusion was 0.180 ± 0.133 mmol (kg wet wt)(-1) s(-1), i.e. equivalent to 32% of leg peak O2 uptake (the energy expended by the ion pumps). A greater degree of recovery is achieved, however, without occlusion. In conclusion, during incremental exercise task failure is not due to metabolite accumulation or lack of energy resources. Anaerobic metabolism, despite the accumulation of lactate and H(+), facilitates early recovery even in anoxia. This points to central mechanisms as the principal determinants of task failure both in normoxia and hypoxia, with lower peripheral contribution in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Rafael Torres-Peralta
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marcos Martin-Rincon
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Department of Sports and Informatics, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Mario Perez-Valera
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - David Curtelin
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Emergency Medicine Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Avenida Marítima del Sur, s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jesús Gustavo Ponce-González
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alfredo Santana
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Clinical Genetics Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Avenida Marítima, del Sur, s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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19
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Torres-Peralta R, Losa-Reyna J, González-Izal M, Perez-Suarez I, Calle-Herrero J, Izquierdo M, Calbet JAL. Muscle activation during exercise in severe acute hypoxia: role of absolute and relative intensity. High Alt Med Biol 2015; 15:472-82. [PMID: 25225839 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2014.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of severe acute hypoxia on muscle activation during whole body dynamic exercise. Eleven young men performed four incremental cycle ergometer tests to exhaustion breathing normoxic (FIO2=0.21, two tests) or hypoxic gas (FIO2=0.108, two tests). Surface electromyography (EMG) activities of rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VL), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) were recorded. The two normoxic and the two hypoxic tests were averaged to reduce EMG variability. Peak VO2 was 34% lower in hypoxia than in normoxia (p<0.05). The EMG root mean square (RMS) increased with exercise intensity in all muscles (p<0.05), with greater effect in hypoxia than in normoxia in the RF and VM (p<0.05), and a similar trend in VL (p=0.10). At the same relative intensity, the RMS was greater in normoxia than in hypoxia in RF, VL, and BF (p<0.05), with a similar trend in VM (p=0.08). Median frequency increased with exercise intensity (p<0.05), and was higher in hypoxia than in normoxia in VL (p<0.05). Muscle contraction burst duration increased with exercise intensity in VM and VL (p<0.05), without clear effects of FIO2. No significant FIO2 effects on frequency domain indices were observed when compared at the same relative intensity. In conclusion, muscle activation during whole body exercise increases almost linearly with exercise intensity, following a muscle-specific pattern, which is adjusted depending on the FIO2 and the relative intensity of exercise. Both VL and VM are increasingly involved in power output generation with the increase of intensity and the reduction in FIO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Torres-Peralta
- 1 Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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20
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Calbet JAL, Losa-Reyna J, Torres-Peralta R, Rasmussen P, Ponce-González JG, Sheel AW, de la Calle-Herrero J, Guadalupe-Grau A, Morales-Alamo D, Fuentes T, Rodríguez-García L, Siebenmann C, Boushel R, Lundby C. Limitations to oxygen transport and utilization during sprint exercise in humans: evidence for a functional reserve in muscle O2 diffusing capacity. J Physiol 2015; 593:4649-64. [PMID: 26258623 DOI: 10.1113/jp270408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the contribution of convective and diffusive limitations to V̇(O2peak) during exercise in humans, oxygen transport and haemodynamics were measured in 11 men (22 ± 2 years) during incremental (IE) and 30 s all-out cycling sprints (Wingate test, WgT), in normoxia (Nx, P(IO2): 143 mmHg) and hypoxia (Hyp, P(IO2): 73 mmHg). Carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) was increased to 6-7% before both WgTs to left-shift the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve. Leg V̇(O2) was measured by the Fick method and leg blood flow (BF) with thermodilution, and muscle O2 diffusing capacity (D(MO2)) was calculated. In the WgT mean power output, leg BF, leg O2 delivery and leg V̇(O2) were 7, 5, 28 and 23% lower in Hyp than Nx (P < 0.05); however, peak WgT D(MO2) was higher in Hyp (51.5 ± 9.7) than Nx (20.5 ± 3.0 ml min(-1) mmHg(-1), P < 0.05). Despite a similar P(aO2) (33.3 ± 2.4 and 34.1 ± 3.3 mmHg), mean capillary P(O2) (16.7 ± 1.2 and 17.1 ± 1.6 mmHg), and peak perfusion during IE and WgT in Hyp, D(MO2) and leg V̇(O2) were 12 and 14% higher, respectively, during WgT than IE in Hyp (both P < 0.05). D(MO2) was insensitive to COHb (COHb: 0.7 vs. 7%, in IE Hyp and WgT Hyp). At exhaustion, the Y equilibration index was well above 1.0 in both conditions, reflecting greater convective than diffusive limitation to the O2 transfer in both Nx and Hyp. In conclusion, muscle V̇(O2) during sprint exercise is not limited by O2 delivery, O2 offloading from haemoglobin or structure-dependent diffusion constraints in the skeletal muscle. These findings reveal a remarkable functional reserve in muscle O2 diffusing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Rafael Torres-Peralta
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Peter Rasmussen
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jesús Gustavo Ponce-González
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - A William Sheel
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jaime de la Calle-Herrero
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017, Spain
| | - Amelia Guadalupe-Grau
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - David Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Teresa Fuentes
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017, Spain
| | - Lorena Rodríguez-García
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017, Spain
| | - Christoph Siebenmann
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Boushel
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Åstrand Laboratory, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carsten Lundby
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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González Henríquez JJ, Losa-Reyna J, Torres-Peralta R, Rådegran G, Koskolou M, Calbet JAL. A new equation to estimate temperature-corrected PaCO2 from PET CO2 during exercise in normoxia and hypoxia. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:1045-51. [PMID: 26314285 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
End-tidal PCO2 (PET CO2 ) has been used to estimate arterial pressure CO2 (Pa CO2 ). However, the influence of blood temperature on the Pa CO2 has not been taken into account. Moreover, there is no equation validated to predict Pa CO2 during exercise in severe acute hypoxia. To develop a new equation to predict temperature-corrected Pa CO2 values during exercise in normoxia and severe acute hypoxia, 11 volunteers (21.2 ± 2.1 years) performed incremental exercise to exhaustion in normoxia (Nox, PI O2 : 143 mmHg) and hypoxia (Hyp, PI O2 : 73 mmHg), while arterial blood gases and temperature (ABT) were simultaneously measured together with end-tidal PCO2 (PET CO2 ). The Jones et al. equation tended to underestimate the temperature corrected (tc) Pa CO2 during exercise in hypoxia, with greater deviation the lower the Pa CO2 tc (r = 0.39, P < 0.05). The new equation has been developed using a random-effects regression analysis model, which allows predicting Pa CO2 tc both in normoxia and hypoxia: Pa CO2 tc = 8.607 + 0.716 × PET CO2 [R(2) = 0.91; intercept SE = 1.022 (P < 0.001) and slope SE = 0.027 (P < 0.001)]. This equation may prove useful in noninvasive studies of brain hemodynamics, where an accurate estimation of Pa CO2 is needed to calculate the end-tidal-to-arterial PCO2 difference, which can be used as an index of pulmonary gas exchange efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J González Henríquez
- Department of Mathematics, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - J Losa-Reyna
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.,Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - R Torres-Peralta
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.,Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - G Rådegran
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,The Haemodynamic Laboratory, The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, The Clinic for Heart and Lung Disease, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Koskolou
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - J A L Calbet
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.,Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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