1
|
Price EJ, Benjamin S, Bombardieri M, Bowman S, Carty S, Ciurtin C, Crampton B, Dawson A, Fisher BA, Giles I, Glennon P, Gupta M, Hackett KL, Larkin G, Ng WF, Ramanan AV, Rassam S, Rauz S, Smith G, Sutcliffe N, Tappuni A, Walsh SB. Executive summary: British Society for Rheumatology guideline on management of adult and juvenile onset Sjögren disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024:keae218. [PMID: 38785300 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keae218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Price
- Department of Rheumatology, Great Western Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK
| | - Stuart Benjamin
- The Academy Library and Information Service, Great Western Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Department of Rheumatology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Simon Bowman
- Department of Rheumatology, Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHSFT, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sara Carty
- Department of Rheumatology, Great Western Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bridget Crampton
- Patient Representative, Sjogren's UK helpline lead, Sjogren's UK (British Sjögren's Syndrome Association), Birmingham, UK
| | - Annabel Dawson
- Patient Representative, Sjogren's UK (British Sjögren's Syndrome Association), Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin A Fisher
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Giles
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Glennon
- General Practice, NHS Staffordshire & Stoke on Trent ICB, Stafford, UK
| | - Monica Gupta
- Department of Rheumatology, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Katie L Hackett
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Wan-Fai Ng
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute & Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Athimalaipet V Ramanan
- Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Saad Rassam
- Haematology and Haemato-Oncology, KIMS Hospital, Maidstone, Kent, UK
| | - Saaeha Rauz
- Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Guy Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Great Western Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK
| | | | - Anwar Tappuni
- Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stephen B Walsh
- London Tubular Centre, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Price EJ, Benjamin S, Bombardieri M, Bowman S, Carty S, Ciurtin C, Crampton B, Dawson A, Fisher BA, Giles I, Glennon P, Gupta M, Hackett KL, Larkin G, Ng WF, Ramanan AV, Rassam S, Rauz S, Smith G, Sutcliffe N, Tappuni A, Walsh SB. British Society for Rheumatology guideline on management of adult and juvenile onset Sjögren disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024:keae152. [PMID: 38621708 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keae152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjögren disease (SD) is a chronic, autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology with significant impact on quality of life. Although dryness (sicca) of the eyes and mouth are the classically described features, dryness of other mucosal surfaces and systemic manifestations are common. The key management aim should be to empower the individual to manage their condition-conserving, replacing and stimulating secretions; and preventing damage and suppressing systemic disease activity. This guideline builds on and widens the recommendations developed for the first guideline published in 2017. We have included advice on the management of children and adolescents where appropriate to provide a comprehensive guideline for UK-based rheumatology teams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Price
- Department of Rheumatology, Great Western Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK
| | - Stuart Benjamin
- The Academy Library and Information Service, Great Western Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Department of Rheumatology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Simon Bowman
- Department of Rheumatology, Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHSFT, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sara Carty
- Department of Rheumatology, Great Western Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bridget Crampton
- Patient Representative, Sjogren's UK Helpline Lead, Sjogren's UK (British Sjögren's Syndrome Association), Birmingham, UK
| | - Annabel Dawson
- Patient Representative, Sjogren's UK (British Sjögren's Syndrome Association), Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin A Fisher
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Giles
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Glennon
- General Practice, NHS Staffordshire & Stoke on Trent ICB, Stafford, UK
| | - Monica Gupta
- Department of Rheumatology, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Katie L Hackett
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Wan-Fai Ng
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute & Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Athimalaipet V Ramanan
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Saad Rassam
- Haematology and Haemato-Oncology, KIMS Hospital, Maidstone, Kent, UK
| | - Saaeha Rauz
- Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Guy Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Great Western Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK
| | | | - Anwar Tappuni
- Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stephen B Walsh
- London Tubular Centre, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo L, Zhao S, Liu X. Development of a nomogram for membranous nephropathy prediction in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: a 6-year retrospective study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1320880. [PMID: 38633257 PMCID: PMC11021693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1320880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Nephritis is a life-threatening complication of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), with membranous nephropathy (MN) being prevalent. Renal biopsy is the gold standard for MN diagnosis, but it is invasive and cannot be repeatedly performed. This study aimed to develop a nomogram for the prediction of MN in patients with pSS. Methods This retrospective study included patients with pSS admitted to the Rheumatology and Immunology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University between January 2015 and January 2021. A nomogram was developed using multivariable logistic regression analysis and evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Bootstrap resampling analysis (1,000 times) was performed to evaluate the nomogram for discrimination and the calibration curve for consistency. Results A total of 237 patients with pSS [aged 53.00 (44.00, 61.00) years] were included, with 35 pSS-MN patients. Based on clinical practice and multivariable logistic regression analysis, seven variables associated with pSS-MN were selected, including white blood cells, creatine, complement 3, rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, anti-SSA antibody, and interstitial lung disease. The area under the ROC curve was 0.860 (95% confidence interval: 0.796-0.919), indicating good predictive power. In addition, the nomogram exhibited excellent performance, as demonstrated by the calibration curve and decision curve analysis. Conclusion This study developed a risk prediction nomogram for MN in patients with pSS, with high predictive power. It may be used to improve the management of patients with pSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maleki-Fischbach M, Kastsianok L, Koslow M, Chan ED. Manifestations and management of Sjögren's disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:43. [PMID: 38331820 PMCID: PMC10851604 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's disease is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder that may be associated with systemic manifestations such as pulmonary or articular involvement. Systemic complications have prognostic implications and need to be identified and managed in a timely manner. Treatment should be tailored to the type and severity of organ involvement, ideally based on multidisciplinary evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Maleki-Fischbach
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
| | - Liudmila Kastsianok
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Matthew Koslow
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Edward D Chan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Pulmonary Section, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center Aurora, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pasoto SG, Villamarín LEB, de Vinci Kanda Kupa L, Deveza GBH, Ribeiro CT, Emi Aikawa N, Leon EP, de Oliveira Martins VA, Silva CA, Bonfa E. Assessment of hydroxychloroquine blood levels in Sjögren's disease patients: drug adherence and clinical associations. Rheumatol Int 2024:10.1007/s00296-024-05545-0. [PMID: 38294544 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-024-05545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used to treat Sjögren's disease (SjD) patients. However, there are no studies evaluating drug adherence through HCQ blood levels, pharmacy refill (PR) and medication adherence questionnaires. The relationship of HCQ blood levels with glandular/extraglandular disease parameters was also poorly assessed. This cross-sectional observational study included 74 adult SjD patients, who were receiving a stable HCQ dose (4-5.5 mg/kg/day, actual weight) for at least 3 months before study inclusion. HCQ blood levels were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Adherence was assessed by PR and Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos (MAT) questionnaire. The following parameters were evaluated: Xerostomia Inventory, Ocular Surface Disease Index, EULAR (European League Against Rheumatism) Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index, EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index, Schirmer's I test and non-stimulated/stimulated salivary flow rates. HCQ blood levels were 775.3(25.0-2,568.6)ng/mL. Eleven patients (14.9%) had HCQ blood levels < 200ng/mL (non-adherent group); 11(14.9%), 200-499ng/mL (sub-therapeutic levels group); and 52(70.2%), ≥ 500ng/mL (adherent group). PR classified incorrectly all non-adherent/sub-therapeutic patients and 2/52(3.9%) adherent patients. Using MAT, the overall misclassification was 24/52(46.2%) in the adherent group, and were correctly identified 9/11(81.8%) patients in non-adherent and 7/11(63.6%) in sub-therapeutic groups. MAT sensitivity and specificity to identify non-adherent/sub-therapeutic patients were 72.7% and 53.9%, respectively. The three groups were comparable regarding glandular/extraglandular disease parameters (p > 0.05). The assessment of HCQ blood levels is a promising tool for evaluating drug adherence in SjD. This is particularly crucial as one-third of patients exhibited non-adherence/sub-therapeutic levels, and neither PR nor MAT reliably identified these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gofinet Pasoto
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3o andar (Disciplina de Reumatologia), sala 3192, São Paulo, 01246-903, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Léonard de Vinci Kanda Kupa
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giordano Bruno Henriques Deveza
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Torres Ribeiro
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nádia Emi Aikawa
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Pires Leon
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Clovis Artur Silva
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Bonfa
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao L, Wang Z, Xu M, Xing Y, Kong X. Characteristics of primary Sjogren's syndrome with articular manifestations at initial treatment. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121231221633. [PMID: 38249943 PMCID: PMC10798129 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231221633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Articular manifestations have been reported in 19.3%-53.5% of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Our aim was to profile the clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome who presented with articular manifestations at the time of initial treatment. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 129 primary Sjogren's syndrome patients admitted to the second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University between April 2016 and December 2021 for initial treatment. Clinical and serological features, extra-articular involvement, and initial treatment were compared between primary Sjogren's syndrome patients with and without articular manifestations. Results Fifty-seven (44.2%) primary Sjogren's syndrome patients had articular manifestations (mean age at diagnosis: 53.4 years), of which 42 (73.7%) presented with symmetrical distribution, 21 (36.8%) patients had rheumatoid factor positivity, and 11 (20.0%) patients had anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies positivity (mean 6.8 RU/mL); imaging examinations showed no signs of structural damage in these patients. The presence of articular manifestations showed positive correlation with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody level (odds ratio (OR) 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00-1.02; p = 0.049), C-reactive protein level (OR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.10-1.20; p = 0.000), and European League Against Rheumatism Sjogren syndrome disease activity index scores (OR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.11-1.25; p = 0.000). Ninety (69.8%) primary Sjogren's syndrome patients received hydroxychloroquine therapy. Hydroxychloroquine treatment was significantly less frequently used in articular manifestation patients (35 (70.0%) vs 55 (85.9%); p = 0.038). Conclusions Symmetrical polyarthritis was the most common clinical manifestation of primary Sjogren's syndrome patients with articular manifestations in this cohort. Articular manifestations were associated with higher prevalence of C-reactive protein level, and European League Against Rheumatism Sjogren syndrome disease activity index score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- The Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- The Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingxi Xu
- The Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yida Xing
- The Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaodan Kong
- The Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zeng L, He Q, Deng Y, Li Y, Chen J, Yang K, Luo Y, Ge A, Zhu X, Long Z, Sun L. Efficacy and safety of iguratimod in the treatment of rheumatic and autoimmune diseases: a meta-analysis and systematic review of 84 randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1189142. [PMID: 38143490 PMCID: PMC10740187 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1189142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate efficacy and safety of iguratimod (IGU) in the treatment of rheumatic and autoimmune diseases. Methods: Databases such as Pubmed, Embase, Sinomed were searched (as of July 2022) to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of IGU in the treatment of rheumatic and autoimmune diseases. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, assessed the risk of bias of the included literature, and performed meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 software. Results: A total of 84 RCTs and 4 types of rheumatic and autoimmune diseases [rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS) and Autoimmune disease with interstitial pneumonia]. Forty-three RCTs reported RA and showed that IGU + MTX therapy can improve ACR20 (RR 1.45 [1.14, 1.84], p = 0.003), ACR50 (RR 1.80 [1.43, 2.26], p < 0.0000), ACR70 (RR 1.84 [1.27, 2.67], p = 0.001), DAS28 (WMD -1.11 [-1.69, -0.52], p = 0.0002), reduce ESR (WMD -11.05 [-14.58, -7.51], p < 0.00001), CRP (SMD -1.52 [-2.02, -1.02], p < 0.00001), RF (SMD -1.65 [-2.48, -0.82], p < 0.0001), and have a lower incidence of adverse events (RR 0.84 [0.78, 0.91], p < 0.00001) than the control group. Nine RCTs reported AS and showed that IGU can decrease the BASDAI score (SMD -1.62 [-2.20, -1.05], p < 0.00001), BASFI score (WMD -1.07 [-1.39, -0.75], p < 0.00001), VAS (WMD -2.01 [-2.83, -1.19], p < 0.00001), inflammation levels (decreasing ESR, CRP and TNF-α). Thirty-two RCTs reported PSS and showed that IGU can reduce the ESSPRI score (IGU + other therapy group: WMD -1.71 [-2.44, -0.98], p < 0.00001; IGU only group: WMD -2.10 [-2.40, -1.81], p < 0.00001) and ESSDAI score (IGU + other therapy group: WMD -1.62 [-2.30, -0.94], p < 0.00001; IGU only group: WMD -1.51 [-1.65, -1.37], p < 0.00001), inhibit the inflammation factors (reduce ESR, CRP and RF) and increase Schirmer's test score (IGU + other therapy group: WMD 2.18 [1.76, 2.59], p < 0.00001; IGU only group: WMD 1.55 [0.35, 2.75], p = 0.01); The incidence of adverse events in IGU group was also lower than that in control group (IGU only group: RR 0.66 [0.48, 0.98], p = 0.01). Three RCTs reported Autoimmune disease with interstitial pneumonia and showed that IGU may improve lung function. Conclusion: Based on current evidence, IGU may be a safe and effective therapy for RA, AS, PSS and autoimmune diseases with interstitial pneumonia. Systematic Review Registration: (CRD42021289489).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi He
- People’s Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang, China
| | - Ying Deng
- People’s Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Junpeng Chen
- Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yanfang Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, China
| | - Anqi Ge
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | | | - Zhiyong Long
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bentley D, Fisher BA, Barone F, Kolb FA, Attley G. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study on the effects of a cathepsin S inhibitor in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3644-3653. [PMID: 36864622 PMCID: PMC10629789 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary SS (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by mucosal dryness and systemic symptoms. We tested the effects of inhibition of cathepsin S using the potent and selective inhibitor RO5459072 on disease activity and symptoms of pSS. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, Phase IIA study to investigate the effects of RO5459072 (100 mg twice daily; 200 mg per day). Seventy-five patients with pSS were randomized 1:1 to receive either RO5459072 or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a ≥3 point reduction from baseline in EULAR SS Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) score. We also investigated the effects of RO5459072 on quality of life, exocrine gland function, biomarkers related to SS, and safety and tolerability. RESULTS The proportion of patients showing an improvement in ESSDAI score was not significantly different between the RO5459072 and placebo arms. No clinically meaningful treatment effects were observed in favour of RO5459072 for all secondary outcomes. Analysis of soluble biomarkers indicated target engagement between RO5459072 and cathepsin S. There were modest decreases in the number of circulating B cells and T cells in the RO5459072 group, although these did not reach significance. RO5459072 was safe and well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS There was no clinically relevant improvement in ESSDAI score (primary endpoint), and no apparent benefit in favour of RO5459072 in any of the secondary clinical endpoints. Further work is needed in order to understand the mechanisms of MHC-II-mediated immune stimulation in pSS. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02701985.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin A Fisher
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Gemma Attley
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Little Falls, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chau K, Raksadawan Y, Allison K, Ice JA, Scofield RH, Chepelev I, Harley ITW. Pervasive Sharing of Causal Genetic Risk Factors Contributes to Clinical and Molecular Overlap between Sjögren's Disease and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14449. [PMID: 37833897 PMCID: PMC10572278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SjD (Sjögren's Disease) and SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) are similar diseases. There is extensive overlap between the two in terms of both clinical features and pathobiologic mechanisms. Shared genetic risk is a potential explanation of this overlap. In this study, we evaluated whether these diseases share causal genetic risk factors. We compared the causal genetic risk for SLE and SjD using three complementary approaches. First, we examined the published GWAS results for these two diseases by analyzing the predicted causal gene protein-protein interaction networks of both diseases. Since this method does not account for overlapping risk intervals, we examined whether such intervals also overlap. Third, we used two-sample Mendelian randomization (two sample MR) using GWAS summary statistics to determine whether risk variants for SLE are causal for SjD and vice versa. We found that both the putative causal genes and the genomic risk intervals for SLE and SjD overlap 28- and 130-times more than expected by chance (p < 1.1 × 10-24 and p < 1.1 × 10-41, respectively). Further, two sample MR analysis confirmed that alone or in aggregate, SLE is likely causal for SjD and vice versa. [SjD variants predicting SLE: OR = 2.56; 95% CI (1.98-3.30); p < 1.4 × 10-13, inverse-variance weighted; SLE variants predicting SjD: OR = 1.36; 95% CI (1.26-1.47); p < 1.6 × 10-11, inverse-variance weighted]. Notably, some variants have disparate impact in terms of effect size across disease states. Overlapping causal genetic risk factors were found for both diseases using complementary approaches. These observations support the hypothesis that shared genetic factors drive the clinical and pathobiologic overlap between these diseases. Our study has implications for both differential diagnosis and future genetic studies of these two conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Chau
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yanint Raksadawan
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Louis A. Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60640, USA
| | - Kristen Allison
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - John A. Ice
- Research Service, Oklahoma City US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Robert Hal Scofield
- Research Service, Oklahoma City US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Medicine Service, Oklahoma City US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Iouri Chepelev
- Research Service, Cincinnati US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Isaac T. W. Harley
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rheumatology Section, Medicine Service, Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Koslow M, Lynch DA, Cool CD, Groshong SD, Downey GP. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis and Other Cystic Lung Diseases. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2023; 43:359-377. [PMID: 37055093 PMCID: PMC10863428 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Cysts and cavities in the lung are commonly encountered on chest imaging. It is necessary to distinguish thin-walled lung cysts (≤2 mm) from cavities and characterize their distribution as focal or multifocal versus diffuse. Focal cavitary lesions are often caused by inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic processes in contrast to diffuse cystic lung diseases. An algorithmic approach to diffuse cystic lung disease can help narrow the differential diagnosis, and additional testing such as skin biopsy, serum biomarkers, and genetic testing can be confirmatory. An accurate diagnosis is essential for the management and disease surveillance of extrapulmonary complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Koslow
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
| | - David A Lynch
- Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Carlyne D Cool
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Division of Pathology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Steve D Groshong
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Gregory P Downey
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health; Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mormile I, Mosella F, Turco P, Napolitano F, de Paulis A, Rossi FW. Calcinosis Cutis and Calciphylaxis in Autoimmune Connective Tissue Diseases. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050898. [PMID: 37243003 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcinosis represents a severe complication of several autoimmune disorders. Soft-tissue calcifications have been classified into five major types: dystrophic, metastatic, idiopathic, iatrogenic, and calciphylaxis. Autoimmune diseases are usually associated with dystrophic calcifications, including calcinosis cutis, occurring in damaged or devitalized tissues in the presence of normal serum levels of calcium and phosphate. In particular, calcinosis cutis has been described in dermatomyositis, polymyositis, juvenile dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren's syndrome, overlap syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Calciphylaxis, a severe and life-threatening syndrome presenting with vascular calcifications and thrombosis, has also been associated with some autoimmune conditions. Due to the potentially disabling character of calcinosis cutis and calciphylaxis, physicians' awareness about the clinical presentation and management of these diseases should be increased to select the most appropriate treatment option and avoid long-term complications. In this review, we aim to analyze the clinical features of calcinosis cutis and calciphylaxis associated with autoimmune diseases, and the main treatment strategies evaluated up to now for treating this potentially disabling disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Mormile
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Mosella
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Turco
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kate A, Shanbhag SS, Donthineni PR, Amescua G, Quinones VLP, Basu S. Role of topical and systemic immunosuppression in aqueous-deficient dry eye disease. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:1176-1189. [PMID: 37026249 PMCID: PMC10276741 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2818_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression in aqueous-deficient dry eye disease (ADDE) is required not only to improve the symptoms and signs but also to prevent further progression of the disease and its sight-threatening sequelae. This immunomodulation can be achieved through topical and/or systemic medications, and the choice of one drug over the other is determined by the underlying systemic disease. These immunosuppressive agents require a minimum of 6-8 weeks to achieve their beneficial effect, and during this time, the patient is usually placed on topical corticosteroids. Antimetabolites such as methotrexate, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil, along with calcineurin inhibitors, are commonly used as first-line medications. The latter have a pivotal role in immunomodulation since T cells contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of ocular surface inflammation in dry eye disease. Alkylating agents are largely limited to controlling acute exacerbations with pulse doses of cyclophosphamide. Biologic agents, such as rituximab, are particularly useful in patients with refractory disease. Each group of drugs has its own side-effect profiles and requires a stringent monitoring schedule that must be followed to prevent systemic morbidity. A customized combination of topical and systemic medications is usually required to achieve adequate control, and this review aims to help the clinician choose the most appropriate modality and monitoring regimen for a given case of ADDE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Kate
- Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institue, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Swapna S Shanbhag
- Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institue, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
| | - Pragnya R Donthineni
- Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institue, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
| | - Guillermo Amescua
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham 27705, NC, USA
| | - Victor L Perez Quinones
- Foster Center for Ocular Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sayan Basu
- Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institue, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
- Center for Ocular Regeneration (CORE), L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marinho A, Delgado Alves J, Fortuna J, Faria R, Almeida I, Alves G, Araújo Correia J, Campar A, Brandão M, Crespo J, Marado D, Matos-Costa J, Oliveira S, Salvador F, Santos L, Silva F, Fernandes M, Vasconcelos C. Biological therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, and Sjögren's syndrome: evidence- and practice-based guidance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117699. [PMID: 37138867 PMCID: PMC10150407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) are heterogeneous autoimmune diseases. Severe manifestations and refractory/intolerance to conventional immunosuppressants demand other options, namely biological drugs, and small molecules. We aimed to define evidence and practice-based guidance for the off-label use of biologics in SLE, APS, and SS. Recommendations were made by an independent expert panel, following a comprehensive literature review and two consensus rounds. The panel included 17 internal medicine experts with recognized practice in autoimmune disease management. The literature review was systematic from 2014 until 2019 and later updated by cross-reference checking and experts' input until 2021. Preliminary recommendations were drafted by working groups for each disease. A revision meeting with all experts anticipated the consensus meeting held in June 2021. All experts voted (agree, disagree, neither agree nor disagree) during two rounds, and recommendations with at least 75% agreement were approved. A total of 32 final recommendations (20 for SLE treatment, 5 for APS, and 7 for SS) were approved by the experts. These recommendations consider organ involvement, manifestations, severity, and response to previous treatments. In these three autoimmune diseases, most recommendations refer to rituximab, which aligns with the higher number of studies and clinical experience with this biological agent. Belimumab sequential treatment after rituximab may also be used in severe cases of SLE and SS. Second-line therapy with baricitinib, bortezomib, eculizumab, secukinumab, or tocilizumab can be considered in SLE-specific manifestations. These evidence and practice-based recommendations may support treatment decision and, ultimately, improve the outcome of patients living with SLE, APS, or SS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- António Marinho
- Unidade de Imunologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: António Marinho,
| | - José Delgado Alves
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal
- Immune Response and Vascular Disease Unit - iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Fortuna
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Departamento de Medicina, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Faria
- Unidade de Imunologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Almeida
- Unidade de Imunologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Glória Alves
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira - Centro Hospitalar Alto Ave, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Araújo Correia
- Unidade de Imunologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Campar
- Unidade de Imunologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Brandão
- Unidade de Imunologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Crespo
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Departamento de Medicina, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Marado
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Departamento de Medicina, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Matos-Costa
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital Distrital de Santarém, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Susana Oliveira
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Fernando Salvador
- Unidade de Doenças Autoimunes, Serviço de Medicina Interna, Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lelita Santos
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Departamento de Medicina, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Linha de Investigação Clínica e Interdisciplinar em Meio Ambiente, Genética e Oncobiologia (CIMAGO), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fátima Silva
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Departamento de Medicina, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Milene Fernandes
- Real-World Evidence & Late Phase, CTI Clinical Trial & Consulting Services Unipessoal Lda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Vasconcelos
- Unidade de Imunologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Afzali AM, Moog P, Kalluri SR, Hofauer B, Knopf A, Kirschke JS, Hemmer B, Berthele A. CNS demyelinating events in primary Sjögren's syndrome: A single-center case series on the clinical phenotype. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1128315. [PMID: 36873454 PMCID: PMC9978709 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1128315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic outcomes of the central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease in a large cohort of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Methods This is an explorative cross-sectional study of patients with pSS seen in the departments of rheumatology, otorhinolaryngology, or neurology of a tertiary university center between January 2015 and September 2021. Results In a cohort of 194 pSS patients, 22 patients had a CNS manifestation. In this CNS group, 19 patients had a lesion pattern suggestive of demyelination. While there were no obvious differences in the patients' epidemiological disposition or rate of other extraglandular manifestations, the CNS group differed from the remaining patients with pSS by having less glandular manifestations but a higher seroprevalence for anti-SSA/Ro antibodies. Notably, patients with CNS manifestations were often diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) and treated as such, although age and disease course were atypical of MS. Many first-line MS agents were ineffective in these "MS look-alikes"; however, the disease course was benign with B-cell-depleting agents. Conclusion Neurological symptoms of pSS are common and clinically manifest mainly as myelitis or optic neuritis. Notably, in the CNS, the pSS phenotype can overlap with MS. The prevailing disease is crucial since it has a major impact on the long-term clinical outcome and the choice of disease-modifying agents. Although our observations neither confirm pSS as a more appropriate diagnosis nor rule out simple comorbidity, physicians should consider pSS in the extended diagnostic workup of CNS autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Afzali
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Moog
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sudhakar Reddy Kalluri
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Hofauer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Knopf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Stefan Kirschke
- Department of Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Berthele
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen B, Zhou J, Mao T, Cao T, Hu S, Zhang W, Li X, Qin X, Liu X, Watanabe N, Li J. The Critical Biomarkers Identification of Insulin Signaling Involved in Initiating cAMP Signaling Mediated Salivary Secretion in Sjogren Syndrome: Transcriptome Sequencing in NOD Mice Model. Biol Proced Online 2022; 24:26. [PMID: 36575389 PMCID: PMC9793606 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-022-00189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of exocrine glands, resulting in dry mouth and eyes. Currently, there is no effective treatment for SS, and the mechanisms associated with inadequate salivary secretion are poorly understood. METHODS In this study, we used NOD mice model to monitor changes in mice's salivary secretion and water consumption. Tissue morphology of the submandibular glands was examined by H&E staining, and Immunohistochemical detected the expression of AQP5 (an essential protein in salivary secretion). Global gene expression profiling was performed on submandibular gland tissue of extracted NOD mice model using RNA-seq. Subsequently, a series of bioinformatics analyses of transcriptome sequencing was performed, including differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identification, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, PPI network construction, hub gene identification, and the validity of diagnostic indicators using the dataset GSE40611. Finally, IFN-γ was used to treat the cells, the submandibular gland tissue of NOD mice model was extracted, and RT-qPCR was applied to verify the expression of hub genes. RESULTS We found that NOD mice model had reduced salivary secretion and increased water consumption. H&E staining suggests acinar destruction and basement membrane changes in glandular tissue. Immunohistochemistry detects a decrease in AQP5 immunostaining within acinar. In transcriptome sequencing, 42 overlapping DEGs were identified, and hub genes (REN, A2M, SNCA, KLK3, TTR, and AZGP1) were identified as initiating targets for insulin signaling. In addition, insulin signaling and cAMP signaling are potential pathways for regulating salivary secretion and constructing a regulatory relationship between target-cAMP signaling-salivary secretion. CONCLUSION The new potential targets and signal axes for regulating salivary secretion provide a strategy for SS therapy in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, #195 Dongfeng West Road, Guangzhou, 510140 Guangdong China
| | - Jiannan Zhou
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, #195 Dongfeng West Road, Guangzhou, 510140 Guangdong China
| | - Tianjiao Mao
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, #195 Dongfeng West Road, Guangzhou, 510140 Guangdong China
| | - Tingting Cao
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, #195 Dongfeng West Road, Guangzhou, 510140 Guangdong China
| | - Shilin Hu
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, #195 Dongfeng West Road, Guangzhou, 510140 Guangdong China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xueyang Li
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, #195 Dongfeng West Road, Guangzhou, 510140 Guangdong China
| | - Xiuni Qin
- Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xintong Liu
- grid.509461.f0000 0004 1757 8255Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan ,grid.509461.f0000 0004 1757 8255Bio-Active Compounds Discovery Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Nobumoto Watanabe
- grid.509461.f0000 0004 1757 8255Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan ,grid.509461.f0000 0004 1757 8255Bio-Active Compounds Discovery Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Jiang Li
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, #195 Dongfeng West Road, Guangzhou, 510140 Guangdong China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ruan Y, Song SJ, Yin ZF, Wang M, Huang N, Gu W, Ling CQ. Comprehensive evaluation of military training-induced fatigue among soldiers in China: A Delphi consensus study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1004910. [PMID: 36523578 PMCID: PMC9745162 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1004910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Military training-induced fatigue (MIF) often results into non-combat attrition. However, standard evaluation of MIF is unavailable. This study aimed to provide credible suggestions about MIF-evaluation. Methods A 3-round Delphi study was performed. The authority of the experts was assessed by the authority coefficient (Aa). In round 1, categories of indicators were collected via anonymous survey of experts, then potential indicators were selected via literature search. In round 2, experts should evaluate the clinical implication, practical value, and importance of each potential indicators, or recommend new indicators based on feedback of round 1. Indicators with recommendation proportions ≥ 70% and new recommended indicators would be included in round 3 to be rated on a 5-point Likert scale. "Consensus in" was achieved when coefficient of concordance (Kendall's W) of a round was between 0.2 and 0.5 and the coefficient of variation (CV) of each aspect for an indicator was < 0.5. If round 3 could not achieve "consensus in," more rounds would be conducted iteratively based on round 3. Indicators included in the recommendation set were ultimately classified into grade I (highly recommended) or grade II (recommended) according to the mean score and CV of the aspects. Results Twenty-three experts participated with credible authority coefficient (mean Aa = 0.733). "Consensus in" was achieved in round 3 (Kendall's W = 0.435, p < 0.001; all CV < 0.5). Round 1 recommended 10 categories with 73 indicators identified from 2,971 articles. After 3-round consultation, consensus was reached on 28 indicators focusing on the cardiovascular system (n = 4), oxygen transport system (n = 5), energy metabolism/metabolite level (n = 6), muscle/tissue damage level (n = 3), neurological function (n = 2), neuropsychological/psychological function (n = 3), endocrine function (n = 3), and exercise capacity (n = 2). Among these, 11 indicators were recommended as grade I: basic heart rate, heart-rate recovery time, heart rate variability, hemoglobin, blood lactic acid, urine protein, creatine kinase, reaction time, Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale, testosterone/cortisol, and vertical jump height. Conclusion This study developed a reliable foundation for the comprehensive evaluation of MIF among soldiers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ruan
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,PLA Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang-jin Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xingcheng Sanatorium of PLA Strategic Support Force, Xingcheng, China
| | - Zi-fei Yin
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Wang
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nian Huang
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Wei Gu ;
| | - Chang-quan Ling
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Chang-quan Ling
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zeng W, Zhou X, Yu S, Liu R, Quek CWN, Yu H, Tay RYK, Lin X, Feng Y. The Future of Targeted Treatment of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Focus on Extra-Glandular Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214135. [PMID: 36430611 PMCID: PMC9694487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease defined by exocrine gland hypofunction resulting in dry eyes and dry mouth. Despite increasing interest in biological therapies for pSS, achieving FDA-approval has been challenging due to numerous complications in the trials. The current literature lacks insight into a molecular-target-based approach to the development of biological therapies. This review focuses on novel research in newly defined drug targets and the latest clinical trials for pSS treatment. A literature search was conducted on ClinicalTrials.gov using the search term "Primary Sjögren's syndrome". Articles published in English between 2000 and 2021 were included. Our findings revealed potential targets for pSS treatment in clinical trials and the most recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of pSS. A prominent gap in current trials is in overlooking the treatment of extraglandular symptoms such as fatigue, depression, and anxiety, which are present in most patients with pSS. Based on dryness and these symptom-directed therapies, emerging biological agents targeting inflammatory cytokines, signal pathways, and immune reaction have been studied and their efficacy and safety have been proven. Novel therapies may complement existing non-pharmacological methods of alleviating symptoms of pSS. Better grading systems that add extraglandular symptoms to gauge disease activity and severity should be created. The future of pSS therapies may lie in gene, stem-cell, and tissue-engineering therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyao Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng 100053, China
| | - Sulan Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng 100053, China
| | - Chrystie Wan Ning Quek
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Haozhe Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ryan Yong Kiat Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Xiang Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (Y.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ridgewell D, Thalayasingam N, Ng WF. Sjögren's syndrome: shedding light on emerging and key drug targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:869-882. [PMID: 36576336 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2157259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition characterized by sicca syndrome, musculoskeletal pain, and fatigue. Extra-glandular manifestations are common and there is a markedly increased risk of lymphoma development. SS is associated with high health-economic burden driven largely by the symptom burden on patients. Currently, there is no approved disease-modifying treatment and management is based on empirical evidence. Progress in the understanding of SS pathogenesis has led to an expanding portfolio of more targeted therapies under development. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the key development in targeted biological therapies in SS including emerging targets. It also highlights the challenges in therapeutic development in SS such as disease heterogeneity and defining appropriate disease assessment tools to evaluate therapeutic efficacy. EXPERT OPINION Early trials in SS failed to meet their primary outcomes which may in part due to the use of inappropriate or insensitive study endpoints. Recent trials targeting B-cells, B-T cell co-stimulation and IFN signaling have shown promising results. Development of composite endpoints including patient reported outcomes and objective disease measure may provide a more holistic approach to disease assessment. The impact of these new tools on therapeutic development that benefit patients remains to be fully evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Ridgewell
- Musculoskeletal Theme, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Newcastle Clinical Research Facility, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nishanthi Thalayasingam
- Musculoskeletal Theme, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Newcastle Clinical Research Facility, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Wan-Fai Ng
- Musculoskeletal Theme, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Newcastle Clinical Research Facility, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Y, Weng X, Wei M, Yu S, Ding Y, Cheng B. Melatonin alleviates the immune response and improves salivary gland function in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115073. [PMID: 35525327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects exocrine glands and is characterized by sicca syndrome and systemic manifestation. Mounting evidence indicates that circadian clocks are involved in the onset and progression of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. However, few studies have reported the expression of clock genes in pSS. There is no ideal therapeuticmethod for pSS, the management of pSS is mainly palliative, aims to alleviate sicca symptoms. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone mainly secreted by the pineal gland that plays an important role in the maintenance of the circadian rhythm and immunomodulation. Hence, this study aimed to analyse the circadian expression profile of clock genes in pSS, and further evaluate the therapeutic potential of melatonin in pSS. We discovered a distinct clock gene expression profile in an animal model and in patients with pSS. More importantly, melatonin administration regulated clock gene expression, improved the hypofunction of the salivary glands, and inhibited inflammatory development in animal model of pSS. Our study suggested that the pathogenesis of pSS might correlate with abnormal expression of circadian genes, and that melatonin might be a potential candidate for prevention and treatment of pSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiuhong Weng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Mingbo Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Shaoling Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yumei Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Aldehaim AY, Alarfaj AS. Livedoid Vasculitis in a Patient With Sjogren Syndrome Successfully Treated With Methotrexate. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CASE REPORTS 2022; 15:11795476221088489. [PMID: 35342318 PMCID: PMC8941694 DOI: 10.1177/11795476221088489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cutaneous vasculitis occurs in a sizable minority of patients with Sjogren syndrome. In
addition, their response to different modalities of therapy is variable. Case Description: We present a case of a 66-year-old female with Sjogren syndrome cutaneous vasculitis in
whom combination treatment with Rituximab and Azathioprine failed to show a favorable
response. However, methotrexate proved to be an excellent alternative. Discussion: In cutaneous vasculitis, in addition to the necessary local therapy applied to the
affected limbs, methotrexate produced a complete response when other treatment
modalities failed. Therefore, it may be advisable to use methotrexate to treat cutaneous
vasculitis before trying Rituximab. Conclusion: In cutaneous vasculitis associated with Sjogren syndrome, methotrexate can be an early
effective therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdurhman Saud Alarfaj
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Altered levels of circulating CD8 +CXCR5 +PD-1 +T follicular cytotoxic cells in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:1697-1708. [PMID: 35171365 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating CD8+ T-cells expressing the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) (CD8+CXCR5+T), a recently identified follicular cytotoxic T cell subset, are involved in antiviral immunity and autoimmunity, but their abundance and role in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) are unknown. METHODS Circulating CD8+CXCR5+T cell and CD8+ regulatory T cells (CD8+Treg) were evaluated in 49 pSS patients (19 patients with pulmonary involvement) and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) by flow cytometry. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was performed, and receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were generated to identify characteristic cell subsets. Spearman's correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between CD8+ T cell subsets and clinical features. RESULTS The proportions and numbers of CD8+CXCR5+, CD8 + CXCR5+ programmed death 1-positive (PD-1+), and CD8+CXCR5-PD-1+T cells were significantly higher, whereas those of CD8+Treg were markedly lower, in pSS patients than HCs. The CD8+CXCR5+PD-1+T cell to CD8+Treg ratio had the greatest discriminatory power for pSS and HCs according to OPLS-DA and ROC analyses. The increased numbers of CD8+CXCR5+T cells and CD8+CXCR5+PD-1+T cells were strongly associated with those of CD4+CXCR5+T and B cells. The proportions and numbers of CD8+CXCR5+PD-1+T cells were increased in pSS patients with lung involvement. CONCLUSIONS We identified a new CD8+CXCR5+PD-1+T subset, which was increased in abundance in pSS patients, particularly those with lung involvement, compared with HCs. Also, the CD8+CXCR5+PD-1+T to CD8+Treg ratio may be useful for identifying pSS. Our findings suggest that targeting follicular CD8+T cell subsets has therapeutic potential for pSS. Key Points • CD8+CXCR5+ T cells were expanded in the circulation of patients with pSS. • Reduced numbers CD8+Treg cells in pSS patients. • Increased CD8+CXCR5+PD-1+T cells in pSS patients with pulmonary involvement.
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen G, Che L, Cai X, Zhu P, Ran J. Bioinformatic Analysis Identifies Biomarkers and Treatment Targets in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients with Fatigue. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7697558. [PMID: 35075430 PMCID: PMC8783724 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7697558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We aim to identify the common genes, biological pathways, and treatment targets for primary Sjögren's syndrome patients with varying degrees of fatigue features. We select datasets about transcriptomic analyses of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients with different degrees of fatigue features and normal controls in peripheral blood. We identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to find shared pathways and treatment targets for pSS patients with fatigue and design a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network by some practical bioinformatic tools. And hub genes are detected based on the PPI network. We perform biological pathway analysis of common genes by Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. Lastly, potential treatment targets for pSS patients with fatigue are found by the Enrichr platform. We discovered that 27 DEGs are identified in pSS patients with fatigue features and the severe fatigued pSS-specific gene is RTP4. DEGs are mainly localized in the mitochondria, endosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoplasm and are involved in the biological process by which interferon acts on cells and cells defend themselves against viruses. Molecular functions mainly involve the process of RNA synthesis. The DEGs of pSS are involved in the signaling pathways of viruses such as hepatitis C, influenza A, measles, and EBV. Acetohexamide PC3 UP, suloctidil HL60 UP, prenylamine HL60 UP, and chlorophyllin CTD 00000324 are the four most polygenic drug molecules. PSS patients with fatigue features have specific gene regulation, and chlorophyllin may alleviate fatigue symptoms in pSS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangshu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xingdong Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Jianmin Ran
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Thalayasingam N, Baldwin K, Judd C, Ng WF. New developments in Sjogren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:vi53-vi61. [PMID: 34951923 PMCID: PMC8709567 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SS is a chronic, autoimmune condition characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands and B-cell dysfunction. Current treatment strategies are largely empirical and offer only symptomatic relief for patients. There are no proven treatments that alter disease progression or treat the systemic manifestations of disease. B-cell depletion is used in patients with systemic disease but its overall clinical efficacy has not been demonstrated in two large randomized controlled trials. Studies are now focussing on alternative strategies to target B-cells, including co-stimulation targets, with promising data. It is increasingly clear that clinical trials in SS will require patient stratification and relevant and sensitive outcome measures to identify successful treatment modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishanthi Thalayasingam
- Department of Rheumatology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Kelly Baldwin
- Department of Rheumatology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Claire Judd
- Department of Rheumatology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Wan-Fai Ng
- Department of Rheumatology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.,Translation and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vicente-Rabaneda EF, Serra López-Matencio JM, Ancochea J, Blanco R, González-Gay MÁ, Castañeda S. Efficacy and safety of biological drugs in interstitial lung disease associated with connective tissue diseases. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 21:311-333. [PMID: 34433372 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2021.1973428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the most important manifestations of connective tissue diseases (CTD) due to its association with high morbidity and mortality. AREAS COVERED Literature review focused on the evidence on efficacy and safety of biological therapy. EXPERT OPINION Rituximab (RTX) is the most studied drug, though tocilizumab (TCZ) has methodologically more robust evidence, whereas abatacept (ABA) has only anecdotal reports. RTX studies suggest a clinically relevant effect on lung function and fibrosis in refractory to conventional treatment patients, with a good safety profile. Its multi-level efficacy in systemic sclerosis and the potentially more favorable response of anti-synthetase syndrome, especially when administered early in acute-onset or exacerbated ILD stand out over current standard of care, pending the availability of randomized controlled clinical trials. The significant and clinically meaningful benefit found in lung function and fibrosis with TCZ in faSScinate and focuSSced trials represents a change with respect to the usual practice, reinforcing the importance of treatment in early subclinical or clinical SSc-ILD patients with risk factors for ILD progression. This evidence has led to the inclusion of both RTX and TCZ in the expert-based therapeutic algorithms or recommendations for CTD-ILD management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julio Ancochea
- Pneumology Division, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Cathedra UAM-Roche, EPID-Future, Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Blanco
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Á González-Gay
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, South Africa
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Cathedra UAM-Roche, EPID-Future, Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fatigue in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comparison of Mechanisms, Measures and Management. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163566. [PMID: 34441861 PMCID: PMC8396818 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a common constitutional feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While the two diseases share a common mechanism of autoimmunity, they differ in their clinical manifestations and treatment. Fatigue is one of the most commonly reported symptoms in both groups, associated with pain, depression and anxiety, and affecting function, work and quality of life. Fatigue is not easy to assess or conceptualise. It can be linked to disease activity, although it is not always, and is challenging to treat. Several measures have been trialled in RA and SLE; however, none have been adopted into mainstream practice. Despite being a common symptom, fatigue remains poorly managed in both RA and SLE—more so in the latter, where there have been relatively fewer studies. Additionally, comorbidities contribute to fatigue, further complicating its management. Pain, depression and anxiety also need to be addressed, not as separate entities, but together with fatigue in a holistic manner. Here, we describe the similarities and differences between fatigue in patients with RA and SLE, discuss concepts and practices applicable to both conditions and identify areas for further research. Through this review, we aim to highlight the importance of the holistic management of fatigue in SLE.
Collapse
|
26
|
Grygiel-Górniak B. Antimalarial drugs-are they beneficial in rheumatic and viral diseases?-considerations in COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 41:1-18. [PMID: 34218393 PMCID: PMC8254634 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The majority of the medical fraternity is continuously involved in finding new therapeutic schemes, including antimalarial medications (AMDs), which can be useful in combating the 2019-nCoV: coronavirus disease (COVID-19). For many decades, AMDs have been widely used in the treatment of malaria and various other anti-inflammatory diseases, particularly to treat autoimmune disorders of the connective tissue. The review comprises in vitro and in vivo studies, original studies, clinical trials, and consensus reports for the analysis, which were available in medical databases (e.g., PubMed). This manuscript summarizes the current knowledge about chloroquine (CQ)/hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and shows the difference between their use, activity, recommendation, doses, and adverse effects on two groups of patients: those with rheumatic and viral diseases (including COVID-19). In the case of connective tissue disorders, AMDs are prescribed for a prolonged duration in small doses, and their effect is observed after few weeks, whereas in the case of viral infections, they are prescribed in larger doses for a short duration to achieve a quick saturation effect. In rheumatic diseases, AMDs are well tolerated, and their side effects are rare. However, in some viral diseases, the effect of AMDs is questionable or not so noticeable as suggested during the initial prognosis. They are mainly used as an additive therapy to antiviral drugs, but recent studies have shown that AMDs can diminish the efficacy of some antiviral drugs and may cause respiratory, kidney, liver, and cardiac complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Grygiel-Górniak
- Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fox RI, Fox CM, Gottenberg JE, Dörner T. Treatment of Sjögren's syndrome: current therapy and future directions. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:2066-2074. [PMID: 31034046 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SS is usually described as having severe fatigue, dryness, diffuse pain, glandular swelling, and various extraglandular (systemic) manifestations. Clinical trials have generally failed because the vast majority of enrolled patients had no extraglandular manifestations at the time of enrolment but suffered from fatigue, dryness and pain that did not significantly respond to the study medication. A number of hypotheses on the pathogenesis of pSS have been put forward, including disturbances of innate and adaptive immunity as well as abnormalities of the interface between immune disorders and the neuro-endocrine system related to lacrimal and secretory gland dysfunction. Thus, future therapies must be designed for improvement of the symptoms of dry eyes and dry mouth, extraglandular disease, and fatigue and cognitive deficits. Given the inadequacies and limitations of current treatment options, we suggest that innovative directions involving interactions with neuroscientists and neuropsychiatrists together or combined with new immune targeting may be hold promise for better treating pSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert I Fox
- Rheumatology Clinic, Scripps Memorial Hospital and Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA
| | - Carla M Fox
- Rheumatology Clinic, Scripps Memorial Hospital and Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jacques Eric Gottenberg
- Strasbourg University Hospital, National Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin & DRFZ Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Negrini S, Emmi G, Greco M, Borro M, Sardanelli F, Murdaca G, Indiveri F, Puppo F. Sjögren's syndrome: a systemic autoimmune disease. Clin Exp Med 2021; 22:9-25. [PMID: 34100160 PMCID: PMC8863725 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by ocular and oral dryness resulting from lacrimal and salivary gland dysfunction. Besides, a variety of systemic manifestations may occur, involving virtually any organ system. As a result, the disease is characterized by pleomorphic clinical manifestations whose characteristics and severity may vary greatly from one patient to another. Sjögren's syndrome can be defined as primary or secondary, depending on whether it occurs alone or in association with other systemic autoimmune diseases, respectively. The pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome is still elusive, nevertheless, different, not mutually exclusive, models involving genetic and environmental factors have been proposed to explain its development. Anyhow, the emergence of aberrant autoreactive B-lymphocytes, conducting to autoantibody production and immune complex formation, seems to be crucial in the development of the disease. The diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome is based on characteristic clinical signs and symptoms, as well as on specific tests including salivary gland histopathology and autoantibodies. Recently, new classification criteria and disease activity scores have been developed primarily for research purposes and they can also be useful tools in everyday clinical practice. Treatment of Sjögren's syndrome ranges from local and symptomatic therapies aimed to control dryness to systemic medications, including disease-modifying agents and biological drugs. The objective of this review paper is to summarize the recent literature on Sjögren's syndrome, starting from its pathogenesis to current therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Negrini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine Unit, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Greco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Borro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Indiveri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Puppo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
B cells as target for immunotherapy in rheumatic diseases - current status. Immunol Lett 2021; 236:12-19. [PMID: 34077805 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This mini-review is a short overview of different therapeutical strategies targeting B cells in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, mainly: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjogren Syndrome (pSS). Many strategies and their rationale are discussed in this review: B cells' depletion (anti-CD20, anti-CD22), long-lived plasma cells depletion (anti-CD19, anti-CD27, anti-CD38 and anti-CD138), changing activation of B cells (anti-BAFF) and inhibiting proteasomes in plasma cells (bortezomib). The past successful therapies and less successful are shown, and the possible reasons for failures are discussed.
Collapse
|
30
|
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of Sjögren’s syndrome and its differences from keratoconjunctivitis sicca. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.944279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
31
|
Kamp JC, Jonigk DD, Hinrichs JB, Hoeper MM, Schönhofer B, Ernst D, Welte T, Suhling H. Recurrent Life-threatening Pneumonitis in a 37-Year-Old Woman. Chest 2021; 158:e127-e132. [PMID: 32892889 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CASE PRESENTATION A 37-year-old previously healthy and athletic woman presented to the ED in October 2018 with acute-onset high fever, dyspnea, and productive cough. Chest radiograph showed bilateral infiltrates that correlated with multifocal ground glass opacities in a thoracic CT scan (Fig 1). The patient was severely hypoxemic and required intensive care and oxygen administration via a high-flow nasal cannula. On admission, leucocyte counts were 23.3 k/μL; platelet counts were 518 k/μL; hemoglobin level was 12 g/dL; C-reactive protein was 83 mg/L, and procalcitonin was 0.7 μg/L. An auto-antibody panel that included antinuclear antibodies, extractable nuclear antigen (including anti-centromere-antibodies), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, and myositis- and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-antibodies was negative, as was the rheumatoid factor. Immunoglobulins that included IgG1-4 and IgA and renal function were normal. Sicca symptoms like xerophthalmia and xerostomia were negated. The patient fully recovered after empiric administration of antibiotics and glucocorticoids (initially 500 mg methylprednisolone daily over 3 days with consecutive tapering).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Christopher Kamp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL BREATH), Hannover, Germany.
| | - Danny D Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan B Hinrichs
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Marius M Hoeper
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Schönhofer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Region Hospital Siloah, Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Ernst
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Hendrik Suhling
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tung KK, Lee YH, Lin CC, Lee CH, Lin MC, Wei JCC. Opposing Trends in Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasties for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis vs. the General Population-A 14-Year Retrospective Study in Taiwan. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:640275. [PMID: 33959623 PMCID: PMC8095393 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.640275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the trend of incidence rate of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), total hip arthroplasty (THA), and TKA or THA (major joint arthroplasty, MJA) among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) population and compared them with general population (GP) in Taiwan. Methods: Incidence rates and trends of TKA, THA, and MJA were determined over a 14-year period (2000–2013) among RA patients and compared them with GP. RA of patients was diagnosed based on the ACR 1987 criteria and extracted from GP. Subanalyses of incidences of TKA, THA, and MJA by year, 10-year age group, and gender were further conducted for demographic analysis. Patient profiles were extracted from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) for interrupted time-series analysis and cohort studies. Results: Patients enrolled were 168,457 receiving TKA, 64,543 receiving THA, and 228,191 receiving MJA surgery. Incidences of TKA, THA, and MJA in RA patients were significantly lower by 49.0, 41.5, and 41.0% compared with concomitantly rises in GP by 131.0, 25.1, and 90.0% among the GP during the study period. The dominant age population for TKA, THA, and MJA were those aged 70–79 years in both GP and RA groups. Conclusions: We found an opposing trend in incidence of TKA, THA, and MJA between RA patients and the GP. The possible influence of pharmacological treatment is implicated for the lower incidence rates of TKA, THA, and MJA surgeries among RA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Kai Tung
- Department of Orthopedics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Heng Lee
- Department of Senior Services Industry Management, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Recreation and Sport Management, Shu-Te University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Cishan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chao Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Lee
- Department of Orthopedics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rozis M, Vlamis J, Vasiliadis E, Mavragani C, Pneumaticos S, Evangelopoulos DS. Musculoskeletal Manifestations in Sjogren's Syndrome: An Orthopedic Point of View. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1574. [PMID: 33917955 PMCID: PMC8068384 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a frequent entity with a broad symptomatology spectrum, mainly affecting the salivary and lachrymal glands. The disease also affects the musculoskeletal system targeting bones, specific joints, muscles, and the peripheral nerve system. Disease related clinical manifestations canhave an accumulative impact, as the syndrome is commonly associated with other rheumatic diseases. A literature review was performed with the aim to assess the in-depth association of Sjogren's syndrome and its treatment agents with the musculoskeletal system and further investigate its potential relevance with common orthopedic postoperative complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meletios Rozis
- 3rd Department of Orhopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 145 61 Athens, Greece; (M.R.); (J.V.); (E.V.); (S.P.)
| | - John Vlamis
- 3rd Department of Orhopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 145 61 Athens, Greece; (M.R.); (J.V.); (E.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Elias Vasiliadis
- 3rd Department of Orhopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 145 61 Athens, Greece; (M.R.); (J.V.); (E.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Clio Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece;
| | - Spiros Pneumaticos
- 3rd Department of Orhopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 145 61 Athens, Greece; (M.R.); (J.V.); (E.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Dimitrios Stergios Evangelopoulos
- 3rd Department of Orhopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 145 61 Athens, Greece; (M.R.); (J.V.); (E.V.); (S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Borensztejn I, Ansari H, Siami-Namini K, Newman KA. Sjögren's Syndrome: an undiagnosed etiology for facial pain Case series with review of neurological manifestation of Sjögren syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102762. [PMID: 33515728 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Borensztejn
- Eisenhower Health, Internal Medicine Residency Program, 39000 Bob Hope Dr, Rancho Mirage, CA 92270, United States of America.
| | - Hossein Ansari
- University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Department of Neurology, 4510 Executive Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, United States of America
| | - Koushan Siami-Namini
- Eisenhower Health, Department of Pathology, 39000 Bob Hope Dr, Rancho Mirage, CA 92270, United States of America.
| | - Kam A Newman
- Eisenhower Health, Internal Medicine Residency Program, 39000 Bob Hope Dr, Rancho Mirage, CA 92270, United States of America; University of California, Riverside (UCR), Eisenhower Health, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Division of Rheumatology, 39000 Bob Hope Dr, Rancho Mirage, CA 92270, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pinto ACPN, Piva SR, Vieira AGDS, Gomes SGCN, Rocha AP, Tavares DRB, Santana MVDA, Carlesso C, Andriolo A, Santos FC, Fregni F, Trevisani VFM. Transcranial direct current stimulation for fatigue in patients with Sjogren's syndrome: A randomized, double-blind pilot study. Brain Stimul 2020; 14:141-151. [PMID: 33340767 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) has shown promise to decrease fatigue. However, it has never been examined in primary Sjogren Syndrome (pSS). OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a tDCS protocol on fatigue in patients with pSS. METHODS This is a parallel, double-blind pilot study (NCT04119128). Women aged 18-65 years, with pSS, on stable pharmacological therapy, with complaints of fatigue for at least three months, and with scores >5 on Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) were included. We randomized 36 participants to receive five consecutive or sham tDCS sessions, with an intensity of 2 mA, for 20 min/day. RESULTS After five tDCS sessions, fatigue severity assessed by the FSS (primary outcome) demonstrated a mean group difference of -0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI) -1.57, -0.13; effect size 0.80] favouring the active group. The active group presented significantly greater reductions in fatigue as measured by the EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index after five tDCS sessions [mean group difference: 1.40; 95%CI -2.33, -0.48; effect size 1.04]. Although there were no between-group differences in the secondary outcomes of sleep, mood and anxiety, within-group comparisons evidenced a small but significant difference in the active group for pain and sleep. There were no significant cortisol changes. All reported adverse events were mild and transitory. CONCLUSION tDCS seems to be safe and reduce fatigue in pSS. A differential effect on pain and sleep may underlie its effects. Further studies are needed to optimise tDCS treatment strategies in pSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes Pinto
- Evidence-Based Health Program, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Fulbright Scholar at University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Biological and Health Sciences Department, Universidade Federal Do Amapa (UNIFAP), AP, Brazil
| | - Sara Regina Piva
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Science, University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristiane Carlesso
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Science, University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Felipe Fregni
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mertz P, Schlencker A, Schneider M, Gavand PE, Martin T, Arnaud L. Towards a practical management of fatigue in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus Sci Med 2020; 7:7/1/e000441. [PMID: 33214160 PMCID: PMC7678390 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2020-000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significant fatigue is reported by two-thirds of patients with SLE and severe fatigue by one-third. The assessment and treatment of fatigue remains a major challenge in SLE, especially in patients with no disease activity. Here, we suggest a practical algorithm for the management of fatigue in SLE. First, common but non–SLE-related causes of fatigue should be ruled out based on medical history, clinical and laboratory examinations. Then, presence of SLE-related disease activity or organ damage should be assessed. In patients with active disease, remission is the most appropriate therapeutic target while symptomatic support is needed in case of damage. Both anxiety and depression are major independent predictors of fatigue in SLE and require dedicated assessment and care with psychological counselling and pharmacological intervention if needed. This practical algorithm will help in improving the management of one the most common and complex patient complaints in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Mertz
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Centre National de Référence des Maladies Systémiques et Auto-immunes Rares Est Sud-Ouest (RESO), Strasbourg, France, France
| | - Aurélien Schlencker
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Centre National de Référence des Maladies Systémiques et Auto-immunes Rares Est Sud-Ouest (RESO), Strasbourg, France, France
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Policlinic for Rheumatology & Hiller Research Centre for Rheumatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pierre-Edouard Gavand
- Centre National de Référence des Maladies Systémiques et Auto-immunes Rares Est Sud-Ouest (RESO), Strasbourg, France, France.,Service d'immunologie clinique, Hopitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Martin
- Centre National de Référence des Maladies Systémiques et Auto-immunes Rares Est Sud-Ouest (RESO), Strasbourg, France, France.,Service d'immunologie clinique, Hopitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France .,Centre National de Référence des Maladies Systémiques et Auto-immunes Rares Est Sud-Ouest (RESO), Strasbourg, France, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Romano C, Esposito S, Ferrara R, Cuomo G. Tailoring biologic therapy for real-world rheumatoid arthritis patients. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 21:661-674. [PMID: 33147106 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1847268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The cornerstone of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy relies on the treat-to-target strategy, which aims at dampening inflammation as soon as possible in order to achieve persistent low disease activity or, ideally, remission, according to validated disease activity measures. Traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) may be chosen in monotherapy or in combination as first-line therapy; in case of an unsatisfactory response after a 3-6-month trial, biologic therapy may be commenced.Areas covered: Real-life RA patients may present with concomitant comorbidities/complications or be in peculiar physiological states which raise more than one question as to which biotherapy may be more well suited considering the whole clinical picture. Therefore, a thorough literature search was performed to identify the most appropriate biologic therapy in each setting considered in this review.Expert opinion: Here we provide suggestions for the use of biologic drugs having a predictable better outcome in specific real-world conditions, so as to ideally profile the patient to the best of the current knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Romano
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Outpatient Clinic, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Esposito
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Outpatient Clinic, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrara
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Outpatient Clinic, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cuomo
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Outpatient Clinic, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Biologic therapy in Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 40:2143-2154. [PMID: 33106929 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with complex and diverse clinical manifestations. It is characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of exocrine glands such as the salivary gland and lacrimal gland leading to insufficient secretion of the gland, manifested as dry mouth and dry eyes. In addition, it can involve extraglandular organs and cause systemic damage. The pathogenesis of SS is still unclear. At present, symptomatic treatment is the mainstay and there is a lack of effective therapy. With the development of molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of SS, more and more novel biological agents are used to treat SS. We summarized and analyzed the existing evidences on the efficacy of biological treatment of SS and their targets. Analysis of the efficacy of biological therapy and improvement of treatment strategies can help to give full play to its therapeutic advantages.
Collapse
|
39
|
Lee AS, Scofield RH, Hammitt KM, Gupta N, Thomas DE, Moua T, Ussavarungsi K, St Clair EW, Meehan R, Dunleavy K, Makara M, Carsons SE, Carteron NL. Consensus Guidelines for Evaluation and Management of Pulmonary Disease in Sjögren's. Chest 2020; 159:683-698. [PMID: 33075377 PMCID: PMC8438162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary disease is a potentially serious yet underdiagnosed complication of Sjögren’s syndrome, the second most common autoimmune rheumatic disease. Approximately 16% of patients with Sjögren’s demonstrate pulmonary involvement with higher mortality and lower quality of life. Research Question Clinical practice guidelines for pulmonary manifestations of Sjögren’s were developed by the Sjögren’s Foundation after identifying a critical need for early diagnosis and improved quality and consistency of care. Study Design and Methods A rigorous and transparent methodology was followed according to American College of Rheumatology guidelines. The Pulmonary Topic Review Group (TRG) developed clinical questions in the PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) format and selected literature search parameters. Each article was reviewed by a minimum of two TRG members for eligibility and assessment of quality of evidence and strength of recommendation. Guidelines were then drafted based on available evidence, expert opinion, and clinical importance. Draft recommendations with a clinical rationale and data extraction tables were submitted to a Consensus Expert Panel for consideration and approval, with at least 75% agreement required for individual recommendations to be included in the final version. Results The literature search revealed 1,192 articles, of which 150 qualified for consideration in guideline development. Of the original 85 PICO questions posed by the TRG, 52 recommendations were generated. These were then reviewed by the Consensus Expert Panel and 52 recommendations were finalized, with a mean agreement of 97.71% (range, 79%-100%). The recommendations span topics of evaluating Sjögren’s patients for pulmonary manifestations and assessing, managing, and treating upper and lower airway disease, interstitial lung disease, and lymphoproliferative disease. Interpretation Clinical practice guidelines for pulmonary manifestations in Sjögren’s will improve early identification, evaluation, and uniformity of care by primary care physicians, rheumatologists, and pulmonologists. Additionally, opportunities for future research are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augustine S Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - R Hal Scofield
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK; Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; Medical and Research Services, Oklahoma City Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | - Nishant Gupta
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Medical Service, VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Donald E Thomas
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD; Arthritis and Pain Associates of Prince George's County, MD
| | - Teng Moua
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kamonpun Ussavarungsi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - E William St Clair
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | | | | | - Steven E Carsons
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, New York University Winthrop Hospital and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Nancy L Carteron
- Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; School of Optometry, Sjögren's Clinic, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yoshida T, Nodera H, Kumon Y, Osanai S, Izumi Y, Mizukami H. Detection of nerve enlargement with ultrasound and correlation with skin biopsy findings in painful sensory neuropathy associated with Sjögren's syndrome. Mod Rheumatol 2020; 31:849-855. [PMID: 32996808 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2020.1830484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated usefulness of peripheral nerve ultrasound (US) in detecting abnormality in painful sensory neuropathy (PSN) associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), and associations among various clinical factors, US findings, and intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD). METHODS We conducted a retrospective, single-center, observational study of patients with pSS-PSN. US image was obtained to measure cross sectional area (CSA) of peripheral nerves and compared with matched pSS control. RESULTS We included 11 patients with pSS-PSN (10 women; age 70.5 ± 5.66) and 17 pSS controls (15 women; age 62.5 ± 16.7). Sural nerve CSA were significantly increased in pSS-PSN group (3.48 ± 1.0 mm2 vs 2.05 ± 0.65 mm2, p = .001). US of sural nerve showed the area under the ROC curve of 0.872 (95% CI, 0.732 - 1). Sural nerve CSA and IENFD of lower leg showed positive correlation. Compared with pSS-PSN patients with abnormal IENFD, those with normal IENFD showed significantly larger sural nerve CSA, and trends toward less systemic disease activity and small fiber impairment with sparing of large fibers. CONCLUSION US was useful in discriminating pSS patients with PSN from those without. Additionally, US may disclose distinct subsets of pSS-PSN with different clinical findings and IENFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Rheumatology, Chikamori Hospital, Kochi, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Tokushima University School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nodera
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kumon
- Department of Rheumatology, Chikamori Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Saeko Osanai
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Luppi F, Sebastiani M, Sverzellati N, Cavazza A, Salvarani C, Manfredi A. Lung complications of Sjogren syndrome. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/157/200021. [PMID: 32817113 PMCID: PMC9489025 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0021-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterised by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands and by a number of systemic manifestations, including those regarding the lung. Pulmonary involvement in pSS includes interstitial lung disease (ILD) and airway disease, together with lymphoproliferative disorders. Patients with pSS-ILD report impaired health-related quality of life and a higher risk of death, suggesting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of this type of pulmonary involvement. In contrast, airway disease usually has little effect on respiratory function and is rarely the cause of death in these patients. More rare disorders can be also identified, such as pleural effusion, cysts or bullae. Up to date, available data do not allow us to establish an evidence-based treatment strategy in pSS-ILD. No data are available regarding which patients should be treated, the timing to start therapy and better therapeutic options. The lack of knowledge about the natural history and prognosis of pSS-ILD is the main limitation to the development of clinical trials or shared recommendations on this topic. However, a recent trial showed the efficacy of the antifibrotic drug nintedanib in slowing progression of various ILDs, including those in pSS patients. Primary Sjogren syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease with a possible lung involvement, that it appears as polymorphic, including interstitial lung disease, airway disease and lymphoproliferative disorders with different degree of severityhttps://bit.ly/3akjk4b
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Luppi
- Dept of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy .,Respiratory Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Sebastiani
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Nicola Sverzellati
- Section of Radiology, Unit of Surgical Sciences, Dept of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazza
- Pathology Unit, AUSL/IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Andreina Manfredi
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ein langjähriges Sjögren-Syndrom ohne erhöhtes Lymphomrisiko. Z Rheumatol 2020; 79:571-573. [DOI: 10.1007/s00393-020-00827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
43
|
Abstract
Introduction: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune systemic disease characterized by a complex and not yet completely elucidated etiopathogenesis, where autoimmune manifestations coexist with different degree of lymphoproliferation, resulting in multiple possible scenarios extremely heterogeneous from patient to patient. Although considerable progress has been made in the identifications of potential novel therapeutic targets in recent years, the biological complexity of pSS, combined to such heterogeneous clinical manifestations, makes the treatment of pSS, even today, a great challenge. Areas covered: A therapy specifically approved for pSS is still lacking. In recent years, several novel promising agents are being tested in pSS. Based on a deep revision of drugs evaluated for pSS therapy, it is striking that several clinical trials, some of them testing very promising agents, failed. Expert opinion: a renewal of clinical trial design, including the definition of novel inclusion criteria and outcome measures, together with the development of a stratification model of pSS patients and the advance in the definition of pathogenetic mechanisms underlying peculiar pSS subsets, represent preliminary and crucial steps to overcome the current therapeutic impasse in pSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saviana Gandolfo
- a Rheumatology Clinic, Udine University Hospital, Department of Medical Area , University of Udine , Udine , Italy
| | - Salvatore De Vita
- a Rheumatology Clinic, Udine University Hospital, Department of Medical Area , University of Udine , Udine , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Targeting CD20 in the treatment of interstitial lung diseases related to connective tissue diseases: A systematic review. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
45
|
Toward better outcomes in Sjögren's syndrome: The promise of a stratified medicine approach. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2020; 34:101475. [PMID: 32005417 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease defined by its targeted inflammation of the salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in dry mouth and eyes in the majority and persistent or recurrent salivary gland enlargement in a minority of those affected. Involvement of major organs, an increased risk of lymphoma, and autoantibodies against ubiquitous cellular ribonucleoproteins define some of its systemic features. Those affected have a high symptom burden and the development of disease-modifying therapies is thus an urgent need. A stratified medicine approach offers promise as a means of targeting specific therapies to patients for whom the mechanism of action is most relevant. Implementation of this approach will require an understanding of the pathophysiological processes underlying different patient subsets, and then identifying or developing a drug that targets this pathway. Such therapies would be most effective if implemented early in the disease course before the advent of adverse outcomes or glandular damage. This review will provide a disease overview followed by an analysis of the feasibility of a stratified medicine approach, focusing on the disease heterogeneity, predictors of disease progression and adverse outcomes, and recent advances in the development of relevant outcome measures and new therapies.
Collapse
|
46
|
Nasonov EL, Beketova TV, Ananyeva LP, Vasilyev VI, Solovyev SK, Avdeeva AS. PROSPECTS FOR ANTI-B-CELL THERAPY IN IMMUNO-INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES. RHEUMATOLOGY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.14412/1995-4484-2019-3-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E L. Nasonov
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The prevalence of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is between 1:100 and 1:1000 and it is therefore the most common connective tissue disease. Nevertheless, it can be difficult to diagnose pSS as the symptoms are frequently unspecific and diagnostic markers are lacking in many patients. In addition, only few controlled therapeutic studies of pSS have been carried out so that the optimal management is not yet clear. Meanwhile, outcome parameters to monitor clinical improvement have been developed and a large number of therapeutic studies are currently being performed. This review article summarizes the current diagnostic and treatment options for pSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Witte
- Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abughanam G, Elkashty OA, Liu Y, Bakkar MO, Tran SD. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Extract (MSCsE)-Based Therapy Alleviates Xerostomia and Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca in Sjogren's Syndrome-Like Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194750. [PMID: 31557796 PMCID: PMC6801785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that manifests primarily in salivary and lacrimal glands leading to dry mouth and eyes. Unfortunately, there is no cure for SS due to its complex etiopathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were successfully tested for SS, but some risks and limitations remained for their clinical use. This study combined cell- and biologic-based therapies by utilizing the MSCs extract (MSCsE) to treat SS-like disease in NOD mice. We found that MSCsE and MSCs therapies were successful and comparable in preserving salivary and lacrimal glands function in NOD mice when compared to control group. Cells positive for AQP5, AQP4, α-SMA, CK5, and c-Kit were preserved. Gene expression of AQP5, EGF, FGF2, BMP7, LYZ1 and IL-10 were upregulated, and downregulated for TNF-α, TGF-β1, MMP2, CASP3, and IL-1β. The proliferation rate of the glands and serum levels of EGF were also higher. Cornea integrity and epithelial thickness were maintained due to tear flow rate preservation. Peripheral tolerance was re-established, as indicated by lower lymphocytic infiltration and anti-SS-A antibodies, less BAFF secretion, higher serum IL-10 levels and FoxP3+ Treg cells, and selective inhibition of B220+ B cells. These promising results opened new venues for a safer and more convenient combined biologic- and cell-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Abughanam
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Osama A Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Younan Liu
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Mohammed O Bakkar
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Altered expression of circular RNA in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 38:3425-3433. [PMID: 31420809 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated expression of circRNA in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients so as to find novel biomarkers for pSS screening and discussed possible role of circRNA in pSS. We also evaluated expression profile of circRNA in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. METHODS Microarray analysis detected circRNA expression in PBMCs from five paired pSS, SLE patients, and controls. Then, differentially expressed circRNAs were validated in 30 pSS patients as compared to 30 SLE patients, healthy controls. CircRNAs interacting with miRNAs were discussed by Arraystar's homemade miRNA target prediction software. ROC analysis assessed the diagnostic value. RESULTS We identified 234 differentially expressed circRNAs in pSS patients and verified five selected circRNAs (including hsa_circRNA_001264, hsa_circRNA_104121, hsa_circRNA_045355, hsa_circRNA_103461, hsa_circRNA_105034). Expression of hsa_circRNA_001264, hsa_circRNA_104121, and hsa_circRNA_045355 was strongly related to some clinical, laboratory parameters, and disease activity index in pSS patients. ROC analysis indicated potential diagnostic ability for the three circRNAs in pSS patients. One hundred and forty-eight circRNAs were differently expressed between lupus patients and controls. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that hsa_circRNA_001264, hsa_circRNA_104121, and hsa_circRNA_045355 might be biomarkers for pSS, correlate with pSS etiology.Key Points• Many circRNAs were dysregulated in pSS patients.• Differentially expressed circRNAs correlated with pSS clinical, laboratory features.• CircRNAs may be biomarkers for pSS.
Collapse
|
50
|
Berghen N, Vulsteke JB, Westhovens R, Lenaerts J, De Langhe E. Rituximab in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: indications and practical use. Acta Clin Belg 2019; 74:272-279. [PMID: 30253707 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2018.1521904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To review the therapeutic option of Rituximab, a chimeric anti-CD20 antibody, in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) such as systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, primary Sjögren syndrome and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Methods: A non-systematic review was conducted. Results: The specific role and indication of rituximab in SARDs has been the subject of multiple trials in recent years. Evidence supports the use of rituximab in moderate-to-severe refractory systemic lupus erythematosus, diffuse skin involvement in systemic sclerosis and systemic involvement in primary Sjögren syndrome. Several guidelines have adopted these indications. In addition, there is a consensus about the use of rituximab in refractory myositis. The role of rituximab in interstitial lung disease associated with these SARDs needs to be further explored. Conclusion: Rituximab is a treatment option in several SARDs. Upcoming trials, use in daily practice and the safety profile are elaborated on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Berghen
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Rene Westhovens
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Lenaerts
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Langhe
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|