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Bölke S, Keller T, Trilling F, Forster M, Scherf U, Chassé T, Peisert H. The Influence of the Side Chain Structure on the Photostability of Low Band Gap Polymers. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093858. [PMID: 37175268 PMCID: PMC10180311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Side chains play an important role in the photo-oxidation process of low band gap (LBG) polymers. For example, it has been shown that their photostability can be increased by the introduction of aromatic-oxy-alkyl links. We studied the photostability of prototypical LBG polymers with alkyl and oxyalkyl side chains during irradiation with white light (AM 1.5 conditions) in dry air using UV/vis and IR spectroscopy. Though its degradation kinetics were distinctly affected by the presence or absence of oxygen in the structure of the side chains, in particular cases, the stability was more affected by the presence of linear or branched side chains. Moreover, we showed that the exact position of the alkyl/oxyalkyl side chain at the polymer backbone could be crucial. Although minor effects of chemical modifications on the electronic parameters (ionization potential and gap) were observed, the molecular orientation, determined by polarization modulation-infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PMIRRAS), could be affected. The aggregation and crystallinity of these polymers may distinctly affect their stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Bölke
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tina Keller
- Makromolekulare Chemie (buwMakro) und Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Florian Trilling
- Makromolekulare Chemie (buwMakro) und Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Makromolekulare Chemie (buwMakro) und Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Makromolekulare Chemie (buwMakro) und Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Peisert
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Hackl F, Fromherz T, Scharber MC. Radiative Recombination in Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hackl
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstrasse 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Thomas Fromherz
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstrasse 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Markus C. Scharber
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstrasse 69 4040 Linz Austria
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3
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Marin-Beloqui J, Zhang G, Guo J, Shaikh J, Wohrer T, Hosseini SM, Sun B, Shipp J, Auty AJ, Chekulaev D, Ye J, Chin YC, Sullivan MB, Mozer AJ, Kim JS, Shoaee S, Clarke TM. Insight into the Origin of Trapping in Polymer/Fullerene Blends with a Systematic Alteration of the Fullerene to Higher Adducts. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:2708-2719. [PMID: 35573707 PMCID: PMC9097530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c10378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The bimolecular recombination characteristics of conjugated polymer poly[(4,4'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,5-bis 3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl thiazolo 5,4-d thiazole)-2,5diyl] (PDTSiTTz) blended with the fullerene series PC60BM, ICMA, ICBA, and ICTA have been investigated using microsecond and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, in conjunction with electroluminescence measurements and ambient photoemission spectroscopy. The non-Langevin polymer PDTSiTTz allows an inspection of intrinsic bimolecular recombination rates uninhibited by diffusion, while the low oscillator strengths of fullerenes allow polymer features to dominate, and we compare our results to those of the well-known polymer Si-PCPDTBT. Using μs-TAS, we have shown that the trap-limited decay dynamics of the PDTSiTTz polaron becomes progressively slower across the fullerene series, while those of Si-PCPDTBT are invariant. Electroluminescence measurements showed an unusual double peak in pristine PDTSiTTz, attributed to a low energy intragap charge transfer state, likely interchain in nature. Furthermore, while the pristine PDTSiTTz showed a broad, low-intensity density of states, the ICBA and ICTA blends presented a virtually identical DOS to Si-PCPDTBT and its blends. This has been attributed to a shift from a delocalized, interchain highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) in the pristine material to a dithienosilole-centered HOMO in the blends, likely a result of the bulky fullerenes increasing interchain separation. This HOMO localization had a side effect of progressively shifting the polymer HOMO to shallower energies, which was correlated with the observed decrease in bimolecular recombination rate and increased "trap" depth. However, since the density of tail states remained the same, this suggests that the traditional viewpoint of "trapping" being dominated by tail states may not encompass the full picture and that the breadth of the DOS may also have a strong influence on bimolecular recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Marin-Beloqui
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Guanran Zhang
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer
Research Institute, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Junjun Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Shaikh
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Thibaut Wohrer
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Institute
of High Performance Computing A*STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Seyed Mehrdad Hosseini
- Optoelectronics
of Disordered Semiconductors, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Bowen Sun
- Optoelectronics
of Disordered Semiconductors, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - James Shipp
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Auty
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Ye
- Institute
of High Performance Computing A*STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Yi-Chun Chin
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Attila J. Mozer
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer
Research Institute, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Safa Shoaee
- Optoelectronics
of Disordered Semiconductors, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Tracey M. Clarke
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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Wang Y, Kublitski J, Xing S, Dollinger F, Spoltore D, Benduhn J, Leo K. Narrowband organic photodetectors - towards miniaturized, spectroscopic sensing. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:220-251. [PMID: 34704585 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01215k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Omnipresent quality monitoring in food products, blood-oxygen measurement in lightweight conformal wrist bands, or data-driven automated industrial production: Innovation in many fields is being empowered by sensor technology. Specifically, organic photodetectors (OPDs) promise great advances due to their beneficial properties and low-cost production. Recent research has led to rapid improvement in all performance parameters of OPDs, which are now on-par or better than their inorganic counterparts, such as silicon or indium gallium arsenide photodetectors, in several aspects. In particular, it is possible to directly design OPDs for specific wavelengths. This makes expensive and bulky optical filters obsolete and allows for miniature detector devices. In this review, recent progress of such narrowband OPDs is systematically summarized covering all aspects from narrow-photo-absorbing materials to device architecture engineering. The recent challenges for narrowband OPDs, like achieving high responsivity, low dark current, high response speed, and good dynamic range are carefully addressed. Finally, application demonstrations covering broadband and narrowband OPDs are discussed. Importantly, several exciting research perspectives, which will stimulate further research on organic-semiconductor-based photodetectors, are pointed out at the very end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhong Wang
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jonas Kublitski
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Shen Xing
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Felix Dollinger
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Donato Spoltore
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Johannes Benduhn
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
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Zheng Y, Li J, Ji D, Dong H, Li L, Fuchs H, Hu W. Copper Tetracyanoquinodimethane: From Micro/Nanostructures to Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004143. [PMID: 33301234 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper tetracyanoquinodimethane (CuTCNQ) has been investigated around 40 years as a representative bistable material. Meanwhile, micro/nanostructures of CuTCNQ is considered as the prototype of molecular electronics, which have attracted the world's attention and shown great potential applications in nanoelectronics. In this review, methods for synthesis of CuTCNQ micro/nanostructures are first summarized briefly. Then, the strategies for controlling morphologies and sizes of CuTCNQ micro/nanostructures are highlighted. Afterwards, the devices based on these micro/nanostructures are reviewed. Finally, an outlook of future research directions and challenges in this area is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuang Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jie Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Deyang Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, Münster, 48149, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Bassi MDJ, Benatto L, Wouk L, Holakoei S, Oliveira CK, Rocco MLM, Roman LS. Correlation between structural and optical characteristics of conjugated copolymers differing by a Si bridge atom. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19923-19931. [PMID: 32856622 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02520h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate two copolymers as electron donors in photovoltaic devices, PFO-DBT (poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophen-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole]) and its analogue with Si, PSiF-DBT (poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-dibenzosilole)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophen-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole]). The results discussed here are related to the influence of heavy atoms on the electrical and morphological properties of the devices. Charge transfer dynamics in the polymeric films were evaluated using the core-hole clock method. Besides that, using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) methods, we investigate the electronic structure and charge transfer properties of the two systems. The charge transfer rates were estimated in the framework of the semiclassical Marcus/Hush theory. We found that the better stacking between the polymer chains for PSiF-DBT provides higher solar absorption capacity in regions of higher wavelengths and faster hole transfer rates. We also obtain a faster electron transfer rate at the PSiF-DBT/C60 interface compared to the PFO-DBT/C60 interface that is mainly related to the difference in the driving force between the two systems. These features help to explain why the organic photovoltaic devices using PSiF-DBT as the active layer exhibited a higher performance compared to devices using PFO-DBT. Here, we show that our results are able to provide important insights about the parameters that can influence the photovoltaic performance of the devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara de Jesus Bassi
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil.
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7
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Yan C, Tang H, Ma R, Zhang M, Liu T, Lv J, Huang J, Yang Y, Xu T, Kan Z, Yan H, Liu F, Lu S, Li G. Synergy of Liquid-Crystalline Small-Molecule and Polymeric Donors Delivers Uncommon Morphology Evolution and 16.6% Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000149. [PMID: 32775152 PMCID: PMC7404173 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Achieving an ideal morphology is an imperative avenue for enhancing key parameters toward high-performing organic solar cells (OSCs). Among a myriad of morphological-control methods, the strategy of incorporating a third component with structural similarity and crystallinity difference to construct ternary OSCs has emerged as an effective approach to regulate morphology. A nematic liquid-crystalline benzodithiophene terthiophene rhodamine (BTR) molecule, which possesses the same alkylthio-thienyl-substituted benzo moiety but obviously stronger crystallinity compared to classical medium-bandgap polymeric donor PM6, is employed as a third component to construct ternary OSCs based on a PM6:BTR:Y6 system. The doping of BTR (5 wt%) is found to be enough to improve the OSC morphology-significantly enhancing the crystallinity of the photoactive layer while slightly reducing the donor/acceptor phase separation scale simultaneously. Rarely is such a morphology evolution reported. It positively affects the electronic properties of the device-prolongs the carrier lifetime, shortens the photocurrent decay time, facilitates exciton dissociation, charge transport, and collection, and ultimately boosts the power conversion efficiency from 15.7% to 16.6%. This result demonstrates that the successful synergy of liquid-crystalline small-molecule and polymeric donors delicately adjusts the active-layer morphology and refines device performance, which brings vibrancy to the OSC research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenqi Yan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University ShenZhen Research instituteShenzhen518057China
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HumKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Hua Tang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University ShenZhen Research instituteShenzhen518057China
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HumKowloonHong Kong999077China
- Organic Semiconductor Research CenterChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChongqing400714China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & ReconstructionHong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)Clear Water BayKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA)Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & ReconstructionHong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)Clear Water BayKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Jie Lv
- Organic Semiconductor Research CenterChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChongqing400714China
| | - Jiaming Huang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University ShenZhen Research instituteShenzhen518057China
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HumKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - YanKang Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA)Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Tongle Xu
- Organic Semiconductor Research CenterChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChongqing400714China
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- Organic Semiconductor Research CenterChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChongqing400714China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & ReconstructionHong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)Clear Water BayKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA)Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Shirong Lu
- Organic Semiconductor Research CenterChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChongqing400714China
| | - Gang Li
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University ShenZhen Research instituteShenzhen518057China
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HumKowloonHong Kong999077China
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8
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Ganzer L, Zappia S, Russo M, Ferretti AM, Vohra V, Diterlizzi M, Antognazza MR, Destri S, Virgili T. Ultrafast spectroscopy on water-processable PCBM: rod-coil block copolymer nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:26583-26591. [PMID: 33201972 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05478j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Using ultrafast spectroscopy, we investigate the photophysics of water-processable nanoparticles composed of a block copolymer electron donor and a fullerene derivative electron acceptor. The block copolymers are based on a poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] rod, which is covalently linked with 2 or 100 hydrophilic coil units. In both samples the photogenerated excitons in the blend nanoparticles migrate in tens of ps to a donor/acceptor interface to be separated into free charges. However, transient absorption spectroscopy indicates that increasing the coil length from 2 to 100 units results in the formation of long living charge transfer states which reduce the charge generation efficiency. Our results shed light on the impact of rod-coil copolymer coil length on the blend nanoparticle morphology and provide essential information for the design of amphiphilic rod-coil block copolymers to increase the photovoltaic performances of water-processable organic solar cell active layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ganzer
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano I-20132, Italy.
| | - Stefania Zappia
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milano I-20133, Italy.
| | - Mattia Russo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano I-20132, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Ferretti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milano I-20138, Italy
| | - Varun Vohra
- Department of Engineering Science, the University of Electro-Communications (UEC), 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-858, Japan
| | - Marianna Diterlizzi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milano I-20133, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Silvia Destri
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milano I-20133, Italy.
| | - Tersilla Virgili
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano I-20132, Italy.
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Wang Y, Miao J, Dou C, Liu J, Wang L. BODIPY bearing alkylthienyl side chains: a new building block to design conjugated polymers with near infrared absorption for organic photovoltaics. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00868k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A new benzene-fused BODIPY unit for designing polymer donors with near-infrared absorption for organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
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10
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Wadsworth A, Chen H, Thorley KJ, Cendra C, Nikolka M, Bristow H, Moser M, Salleo A, Anthopoulos TD, Sirringhaus H, McCulloch I. Modification of Indacenodithiophene-Based Polymers and Its Impact on Charge Carrier Mobility in Organic Thin-Film Transistors. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:652-664. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wadsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hu Chen
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karl J. Thorley
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Camila Cendra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mark Nikolka
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Bristow
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Maximilian Moser
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Petrović M, Maksudov T, Panagiotopoulos A, Serpetzoglou E, Konidakis I, Stylianakis MM, Stratakis E, Kymakis E. Limitations of a polymer-based hole transporting layer for application in planar inverted perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3107-3118. [PMID: 36133594 PMCID: PMC9417823 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00246d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Planar inverted lead halide photovoltaics demonstrate remarkable photoconversion properties when employing poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) as a hole transporting layer. Herein, we elucidate the effect of ambient ultraviolet (UV) degradation on the structural and operational stability of the PTAA hole transporter through a series of rigorous optoelectrical characterization protocols. Due attention was given to the interplay between the polymer and perovskite absorber, both within the framework of a bilayer structure and fully assembled solar cells. The obtained results imply that UV degradation exerts a major influence on the structural integrity of PTAA, rather than on the interface with the perovskite light harvester. Moreover, UV exposure induced more adverse effects on tested samples than environmental humidity and oxygen, contributing more to the overall reduction of charge extraction properties of PTAA, as well as increased defect population upon prolonged UV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Petrović
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University Heraklion 71410 Crete Greece
| | - Temur Maksudov
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University Heraklion 71410 Crete Greece
| | - Apostolos Panagiotopoulos
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University Heraklion 71410 Crete Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete Heraklion 71003 Crete Greece
| | - Efthymis Serpetzoglou
- Physics Department, University of Crete 71003 Heraklion Crete Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) 71110 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Ioannis Konidakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) 71110 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Minas M Stylianakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University Heraklion 71410 Crete Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete Heraklion 71003 Crete Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) 71110 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University Heraklion 71410 Crete Greece
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12
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Brus VV, Lee J, Luginbuhl BR, Ko SJ, Bazan GC, Nguyen TQ. Solution-Processed Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics: From Molecular Design to Device Performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1900904. [PMID: 31148255 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent research efforts on solution-processed semitransparent organic solar cells (OSCs) are presented. Essential properties of organic donor:acceptor bulk heterojunction blends and electrode materials, required for the combination of simultaneous high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and average visible transmittance of photovoltaic devices, are presented from the materials science and device engineering points of view. Aspects of optical perception, charge generation-recombination, and extraction processes relevant for semitransparent OSCs are also discussed in detail. Furthermore, the theoretical limits of PCE for fully transparent OSCs, compared to the performance of the best reported semitransparent OSCs, and options for further optimization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor V Brus
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Benjamin R Luginbuhl
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Seo-Jin Ko
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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13
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Jian N, Qu K, Gu H, Zou L, Liu X, Hu F, Xu J, Yu Y, Lu B. Highly fluorescent triazolopyridine-thiophene D-A-D oligomers for efficient pH sensing both in solution and in the solid state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7174-7182. [PMID: 30888005 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated fluorophores have been extensively used for fluorescence sensing of various substances in the field of life processes and environmental science, due to their noninvasiveness, sensitivity, simplicity and rapidity. Most existing conjugated fluorophores exhibit excellent light-emitting performance in dilute solutions, but their properties substantially decrease or even completely vanish due to severe aggregation quenching in the solid state. Herein, we synthesize a series of triazolopyridine-thiophene donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type conjugated molecules with high absolute fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) ranging from 80% to 89% in solution. These molecules also show unusual light-emitting properties in the solid state with ΦF of up to 26%. We find that owing to the protonation-deprotonation process of the pyridine ring, these compounds display obvious changes in both fluorescence wavelength and intensity upon addition of acids, and these changes can be readily recovered by the successive introduction of bases. By harnessing this phenomenon, we further show that these fluorophores can be employed for efficient and reversible fluorescence sensing of hydrogen ions in a broad pH range (0.0-7.0). With the fabrication of pH testing papers and ink-printed complex patterns including butterflies and letters on substrates, we demonstrate the application of such sensors to fluorescence indication or solid state pH detection for real samples such as volatile acidic/basic gas and water-quality analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Jian
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China.
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14
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Song JH, Nabeya T, Adachi Y, Ooyama Y, Ohshita J. Preparation and reactions of 4,4-dilithiodithienogermole. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Urieta-Mora J, García-Benito I, Molina-Ontoria A, Martín N. Hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells: a chemical approach. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8541-8571. [PMID: 30283961 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic solar cells based on perovskites have come to the forefront in science by achieving exceptional power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in less than a decade of research. This "still young" generation of solar cells is currently rivalling, in PCEs, well-established technologies, such as cadmium telluride (CdTe) and silicon. Further improvements in device stability by means of innovative materials are yet to come, with technology becoming closer to meeting the market requirements. Emerging from this groundbreaking discovery, a great number of charge transporting materials have flourished, which is particularly true for hole transporting materials (HTMs). The huge number of molecules prepared stem from design and engineering of a wide variety of new and also chemically modified old molecules where organic synthesis has played a fundamental role. In this review, the contribution of chemistry through those synthetic protocols used for producing new and innovative HTMs from relatively simple organic molecules is presented in a rational and systematic manner. The variety and impact of synthetic strategies followed, the structure-property relationship and stability, conductivity and device performance are highlighted from a chemical viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Urieta-Mora
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad C. C. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Ramirez Y Medina IM, Rohdenburg M, Mostaghimi F, Grabowsky S, Swiderek P, Beckmann J, Hoffmann J, Dorcet V, Hissler M, Staubitz A. Tuning the Optoelectronic Properties of Stannoles by the Judicious Choice of the Organic Substituents. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:12562-12575. [PMID: 30284825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stannoles are organometallic rings in which the heteroatom is involved in a form of conjugation that is called σ*-π* conjugation. Only very little is known about how the substituents on the Sn atom or substituents on the stannole ring determine the optoelectronic properties of these heterocycles. In this work, this question has been studied experimentally and theoretically. Calculations of optimized equilibrium geometries, energy gaps between the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs), and of the absorption spectra of a wide range of compounds were performed. The computational data showed that the substituents on the Sn atom influence the optoelectronic properties to a lower extent than the substituents in the 2 and 5 positions of the ring. These substituents in the 2 and 5 positions of the stannole ring can also have a strong influence on the overall planarity of the structure, in which mesomeric effects can play a substantial role only if the structure is planar. Thus, only structures with a planar backbone are of interest in the context of tuning the optoelectronic properties. These were selected for the experimental studies. On the basis of this information, a series of six novel stannoles was synthesized by the formation of a zirconium intermediate and subsequent transmetalation to obtain the tin compound. The calculated electronic HOMO-LUMO energy gaps varied between 2.94 and 2.68 eV. The measured absorption maxima were located between 415 and 448 nm compared to theoretically calculated values ranging from 447 nm (2.77 eV) to 482 nm (2.57 eV). In addition to these optical measurements, cyclic voltammetry data could be obtained, which show two reversible oxidation processes for three of the six stannoles. With this study, it could be demonstrated how the judicious choice of the substituents can lead to large and predictable bathochromic shifts in the absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel-Maria Ramirez Y Medina
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Bremen , Leobener Straße 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes , University of Bremen , Bibliothekstraße 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Markus Rohdenburg
- Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry , University of Bremen , Leobener Straße 5 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes , University of Bremen , Bibliothekstraße 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Farzin Mostaghimi
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes , University of Bremen , Bibliothekstraße 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography , University of Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 and 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes , University of Bremen , Bibliothekstraße 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography , University of Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 and 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Petra Swiderek
- Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry , University of Bremen , Leobener Straße 5 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes , University of Bremen , Bibliothekstraße 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes , University of Bremen , Bibliothekstraße 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography , University of Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 and 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Jonas Hoffmann
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Bremen , Leobener Straße 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes , University of Bremen , Bibliothekstraße 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, Campus de Beaulieu , 263 Av. du Général Leclerc , 35042 Rennes France
| | - Muriel Hissler
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, Campus de Beaulieu , 263 Av. du Général Leclerc , 35042 Rennes France
| | - Anne Staubitz
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Bremen , Leobener Straße 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes , University of Bremen , Bibliothekstraße 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany.,Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic Chemistry , University of Kiel , Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 , 24118 Kiel , Germany
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17
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Keerthi A, Waliszewski W, An C, Jaber A, Xia D, Müllen K, Pisula W, Marszalek T, Baumgarten M. Molecular Ordering of Dithieno[2,3- d;2',3'- d]benzo[2,1- b:3,4- b']dithiophenes for Field-Effect Transistors. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:6513-6522. [PMID: 31458828 PMCID: PMC6644372 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Four derivatives of dithieno[2,3-d;2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b;3,4-b']dithiophene (DTmBDT) have been synthesized to investigate the correlation between molecular structure, thin-film organization, and charge-carrier transport. Phenyl or thiophene end-capped derivatives at alpha positions of the outer thiophenes of DTmBDT present vastly different optoelectronic properties in comparison with bay-position alkyl-chain-substituted DTmBDT, which was additionally confirmed by density functional theory simulations. The film morphology of the derivatives strongly depends on alkyl substituents, aromatic end-caps, and substrate temperature. Field-effect transistors based on DTmBDT derivatives with bay-substituted alkyl chains show the best performance within this studied series with a hole mobility up to 0.75 cm2/V s. Attachment of aromatic end-caps disturbs the ordering, limiting the charge-carrier transport. Higher substrate temperature during deposition of the DTmBDT derivatives with aromatic end-caps results in larger domains and improved the transistor mobilities but not beyond the alkylated DTmBDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Keerthi
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- School
of Physics and Astronomy Condensed Matter Physics Group, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | - Witold Waliszewski
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Cunbin An
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Abdullah Jaber
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Petrochemical
Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Debin Xia
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- MIIT
Key
Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion
and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Marszalek
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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18
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Ie Y, Kishimoto Y, Morikawa K, Aso Y. Synthesis, Properties, and Photovoltaic Characteristics of Donor-Acceptor Copolymers Based on Tetrafluoro-Substituted Benzodioxocyclohexene-Annelated Thiophene. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2018. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.31.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University
| | - Yota Kishimoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University
| | - Koki Morikawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University
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19
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Zheng H, Zhao Y, Song MX, Wang J, Chen LQ, Sun L, Bai FQ. Influences of donor/acceptor ratio on the optical and electrical properties of the D/A alternating model oligomers: A density functional theory study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 199:260-270. [PMID: 29626817 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We adopted an ingenious method that cut out the DA alternating oligomers from the corresponding DA alternating copolymers. From analyzing the orbital compositions of the HOMOs and LUMOs as well as the reorganization energies, we found the level of charge transfer is increased with the increasing of D/A ratio, but ionization potentials and electron affinities show a contrary trend. Moreover, with the greater ratio, the trend in the nearness of two transitions results in broadening the absorption band in the visible range. That is why experimentally improving the ratio is beneficial for the copolymers used as the p-type materials in the BHJ solar cells. This method is impossible to take the real copolymer system, however, it could provide a strategy to avoid the limitation of the theory level and perform reliable result to study the intrinsic properties of DA alternating copolymers, which can provide a guidance to experimental works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- Network and Information Center, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Network and Information Center, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Ming-Xing Song
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- Innovation & Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
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20
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Braunger ML, da Silva EA, Awada H, de Oliveira VJR, Silva HS, Bégué D, Hiorns RC, Lartigau-Dagron C, de Almeida Olivati C. Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett films of low-bandgap polymers. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Braunger
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; UNESP, Rua Roberto Simonsen 305; Presidente Prudente SP Brazil
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour; Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR 5254; Pau France
| | - Edilene Assunção da Silva
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; UNESP, Rua Roberto Simonsen 305; Presidente Prudente SP Brazil
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour; Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR 5254; Pau France
| | - Hussein Awada
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour; Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR 5254; Pau France
| | - Vinícius JR de Oliveira
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; UNESP, Rua Roberto Simonsen 305; Presidente Prudente SP Brazil
| | - Hugo Santos Silva
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour; Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR 5254; Pau France
| | - Didier Bégué
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour; Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR 5254; Pau France
| | - Roger C Hiorns
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour; Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR 5254; Pau France
| | - Christine Lartigau-Dagron
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour; Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR 5254; Pau France
| | - Clarissa de Almeida Olivati
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; UNESP, Rua Roberto Simonsen 305; Presidente Prudente SP Brazil
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21
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Wang L, Liu H, Yang S, Fu C, Li Y, Li Q, Huai Z. Incorporating Trialkylsilylethynyl-Substituted Head-to-Head Bithiophene Unit into Copolymers for Efficient Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:7271-7280. [PMID: 29363301 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mediating the backbone coplanarity and solubility of oligothiophenes, especially the head-to-head (HH) disubstituted bithiophene, to achieve an optically and electronically advantageous building block for organic semiconductor materials is a vital yet challenging task. On the other hand, exploring polymer solar cells (PSCs) processed from nonhalogenated solvents is necessary toward their large-scale applications. In this contribution, we develop a HH-type bithiophene analogue (TIPS-T2) by strategically applying the triisopropylsilylethynyl (TIPS) scaffold as the side chain. TIPS can serve to narrow optical band gaps, lower the highest occupied molecular orbital level, reduce intrachain steric hindrance, and guarantee sufficient solubility of the involving polymers. Upon alternating with difluorobenzotriazole (FTAZ) or benzodithiophene-4,8-dione (BDD) acceptor units, two polymers named PT4Si-FTAZ and PT4Si-BDD are synthesized. Encouragingly, non-fullerene PSCs incorporating PT4Si-FTAZ yield a power conversion efficiency of 6.79% when processed from an environment-friendly solvent of trimethylbenzene because of its promoted backbone planarity, as demonstrated by density functional theory, higher hole mobility, and superior film morphology. The results indicate that TIPS-T2 is a promising building block for constructing photovoltaic polymers, and our findings offer an avenue for the ingenious use of TIPS as functional side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qiaohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
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22
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Yin Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L. Indaceno-Based Conjugated Polymers for Polymer Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700697. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
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23
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Wang HC, Li QY, Yin HB, Ren X, Yao K, Zheng Y, Xu YX. Synergistic Effects of Selenophene and Extended Ladder-Type Donor Units for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [PMID: 29215760 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two pairs of polymer donor materials based on indacenodithiophene (IDT) and indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene (IDTT) as the donor units are synthesized. Thiophene or selenophene is introduced as the π-bridge units and electron-deficient fluorine-substituted quinoxaline is used as acceptor unit. Selenophene-containing polymers PIDT-DFQ-Se and PIDTT-DFQ-Se show redshifted absorption and narrower bandgaps. Combined with IDTT donor unit, PIDTT-DFQ-Se shows the highest absorption coefficient. Both the IDTT unit and selenophene unit have positive effects on the hole mobilities, making PIDTT-DFQ-Se the highest one. The best power conversion efficiency of 7.4% is obtained from devices based on PIDTT-DFQ-Se:[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71 BM) with a Jsc of 12.6 mA cm-2 , a Voc of 0.89 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.66.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chun Wang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qing-Ya Li
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hong-Bo Yin
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiancheng Ren
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Photovoltaics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Information, Center for Applied Chemistry, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yun-Xiang Xu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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24
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Shimizu M, Ryuse D, Kinoshita T. Germanium-Bridged 2-Phenylbenzoheteroles as Luminophores Exhibiting Highly Efficient Solid-State Fluorescence. Chemistry 2017; 23:14623-14630. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shimizu
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Kyoto Institute of Technology; 1 Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Daiki Ryuse
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Kyoto Institute of Technology; 1 Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Takumi Kinoshita
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Kyoto Institute of Technology; 1 Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
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25
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Ji R, Zheng D, Zhou C, Cheng J, Yu J, Li L. Low-Temperature Preparation of Tungsten Oxide Anode Buffer Layer via Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Method for Large-Area Organic Solar Cells. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10070820. [PMID: 28773177 PMCID: PMC5551863 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten oxide (WO3) is prepared by a low-temperature ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method in air atmosphere, and it is used as an anode buffer layer (ABL) for organic solar cells (OSCs). The properties of the WO3 transition metal oxide material as well as the mechanism of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis processes are investigated. The results show that the ultrasonic spray pyrolysized WO3 ABL exhibits low roughness, matched energy level, and high conductivity, which results in high charge transport efficiency and suppressive recombination in OSCs. As a result, compared to the OSCs based on vacuum thermal evaporated WO3, a higher power conversion efficiency of 3.63% is reached with low-temperature ultrasonic spray pyrolysized WO3 ABL. Furthermore, the mostly spray-coated OSCs with large area was fabricated, which has a power conversion efficiency of ~1%. This work significantly enhances our understanding of the preparation and application of low temperature-processed WO3, and highlights the potential of large area, all spray coated OSCs for sustainable commercial fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Ding Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Chang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Jiang Cheng
- Co-Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Lu Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
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26
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Griffin MP, Gearba R, Stevenson KJ, Vanden Bout DA, Dolocan A. Revealing the Chemistry and Morphology of Buried Donor/Acceptor Interfaces in Organic Photovoltaics. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2764-2773. [PMID: 28562044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of <13% and plagued by stability issues, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) still lack wide adoption, despite significant recent advances. Currently, the most progress in OPV device performance is achieved by "trial-and-error" preparation procedures that lead to complex and largely unknown-despite tremendous analytical efforts-morphologies. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle, chemical imaging methodology that combines experimental high spatial sensitivity and chemical selectivity with theoretical modeling, capable of analyzing the three-dimensional composition and morphology of virtually any device. Allowing the precise measurement of composition and direct visualization of film morphology with depth, our approach reveals the intricate buried donor/acceptor (D/A) interface of a model polymer/fullerene system, poly(3-hexylthiphene-2,5-diyl)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM). In particular, our technique is able to identify and quantify the D/A interface length, that is, the extent of molecular mixing at the D/A interface, a parameter crucial for device performance, yet never measured. Extracting this parameter allows demonstrating that, contrary to the general understanding, when starting with a fully mixed D/A phase in our model system, thermal annealing, which is known to substantially (however limited) increase the device performance by phase segregation, does not create but small amounts of pure phases, leaving the device mostly mixed, which limits the performance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keith J Stevenson
- Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Moscow 14306, Russia
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27
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You L, Liu B, Liu T, Fan B, Cai Y, Guo L, Sun Y. Organic Solar Cells Based on WO2.72 Nanowire Anode Buffer Layer with Enhanced Power Conversion Efficiency and Ambient Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:12629-12636. [PMID: 28211671 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten oxide as an alternative to conventional acidic PEDOT:PSS has attracted much attention in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the vacuum-processed WO3 layer and high-temperature sol-gel hydrolyzed WOX are incompatible with large-scale manufacturing of OSCs. Here, we report for the first time that a specific tungsten oxide WO2.72 (W18O49) nanowire can function well as the anode buffer layer. The nw-WO2.72 film exhibits a high optical transparency. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs based on three typical polymer active layers PTB7:PC71BM, PTB7-Th:PC71BM, and PDBT-T1:PC71BM with nw-WO2.72 layer were improved significantly from 7.27 to 8.23%, from 8.44 to 9.30%, and from 8.45 to 9.09%, respectively compared to devices with PEDOT:PSS. Moreover, the photovoltaic performance of OSCs based on small molecule p-DTS(FBTTh2)2:PC71BM active layer was also enhanced with the incorporation of nw-WO2.72. The enhanced performance is mainly attributed to the improved short-circuit current density (Jsc), which benefits from the oxygen vacancies and the surface apophyses for better charge extraction. Furthermore, OSCs based on nw-WO2.72 show obviously improved ambient stability compared to devices with PEDOT:PSS layer. The results suggest that nw-WO2.72 is a promising candidate for the anode buffer layer materials in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhen You
- School of Chemistry and Environment and ‡Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environment and ‡Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environment and ‡Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- School of Chemistry and Environment and ‡Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Cai
- School of Chemistry and Environment and ‡Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Chemistry and Environment and ‡Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environment and ‡Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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28
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Nakamura M, Shigeoka K, Adachi Y, Ooyama Y, Watase S, Ohshita J. Preparation of Dithienogermole-containing Polysilsesquioxane Films for Sensing Nitroaromatics. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.161119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Huang SC, Yang CH, Chuang YY, Wang TL. Simultaneous Substitution of Silicon and Fluorine Atom on Donor-Acceptor Copolymers for Photovoltaic Applications. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Cyuan Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; National University of Kaohsiung; Kaohsiung 81148 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Chien-Hsin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; National University of Kaohsiung; Kaohsiung 81148 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yao-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National University of Kaohsiung; Kaohsiung 81148 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Tzong-Liu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; National University of Kaohsiung; Kaohsiung 81148 Taiwan Republic of China
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30
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Du X, Jiao X, Rechberger S, Perea JD, Meyer M, Kazerouni N, Spiecker E, Ade H, Brabec CJ, Fink RH, Ameri T. Crystallization of Sensitizers Controls Morphology and Performance in Si-/C-PCPDTBT-Sensitized P3HT:ICBA Ternary Blends. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuechen Jiao
- Department
of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7548, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Harald Ade
- Department
of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7548, United States
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Bavarian
Center
for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern), Haberstr. 2a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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31
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Schulz GL, Fischer FSU, Trefz D, Melnyk A, Hamidi-Sakr A, Brinkmann M, Andrienko D, Ludwigs S. The PCPDTBT Family: Correlations between Chemical Structure, Polymorphism, and Device Performance. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. L. Schulz
- IPOC-Functional
Polymers, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F. S. U. Fischer
- IPOC-Functional
Polymers, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - D. Trefz
- IPOC-Functional
Polymers, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A. Melnyk
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger
Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Hamidi-Sakr
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - M. Brinkmann
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - D. Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Ludwigs
- IPOC-Functional
Polymers, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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32
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Gao Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Yang Y, Zhao L. Recent Development on Narrow Bandgap Conjugated Polymers for Polymer Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E39. [PMID: 30970721 PMCID: PMC6432257 DOI: 10.3390/polym9020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been exciting developments in the field of polymer solar cells (PSCs) as the potential competitor to the traditional silicon-based solar cells in the past decades. The most successful PSCs are based on the bulk hetero-junction (BHJ) structure, which contains a bicontinuous nanoscale interpenetrating network of a conjugated polymer and a fullerene blend. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of BHJ PSCs have now exceeded 11%. In this review, we present an overview of recent emerging developments of narrow bandgap conjugated polymers for PSCs. We focus on a few important acceptors used in the donor-acceptor type conjugated polymers for highly efficient PSCs. We also reviewed the emerged donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) side chains polymers. The band-gaps and energy levels as well as the photovoltaic performances of conjugated polymers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Zhitian Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Yulin Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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33
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Charge Carrier Generation, Recombination, and Extraction in Polymer–Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. ELEMENTARY PROCESSES IN ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28338-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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34
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Busireddy MR, Raju Mantena VN, Chereddy NR, Shanigaram B, Kotamarthi B, Biswas S, Sharma GD, Vaidya JR. A dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole based, NIR absorbing, solution processable, small molecule donor for efficient bulk heterojunction solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:32096-32106. [PMID: 27847946 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel, NIR absorbing organic small molecular donor material denoted as ICT3 with an A-D-D-D-A architecture having dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole (DTP) and butylrhodanine as donor and acceptor moieties, respectively, is synthesized and its thermal, photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties are explored. ICT3 has excellent stability over a broad range of temperatures with a decomposition temperature (Td corresponds to 5% weight loss) of 372 °C, soluble in most common organic solvents (solubility up to 30 mg mL-1) and suitable for solution processing during device fabrication. ICT3 has broad (520-820 nm) and intense visible region absorption (molar excitation coefficient is 1.69 × 105 mol-1 cm-1) and has suitable HOMO and LUMO energy levels with the [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) acceptor for efficient exciton dissociation and charge transfer. Bulk heterojunction solar cells (BHJSCs) with an indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/ICT3:PC71BM/poly(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl)-alt-(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl) (PFN)/aluminium (Al) structure are fabricated and the BHJSCs with the active layer as cast from chloroform solution displayed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.04% (JSC = 8.22 mA cm-2, VOC = 0.86 V and FF = 0.43). Annealing the active layer significantly improved the PCE of these BHJSCs. While thermal annealing of the active layer improved the PCE of the BHJSCs to 4.94%, thermal followed by solvent vapour annealing enhanced the PCE to 6.53%. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy analyses are carried out on the active layer and these results revealed that annealing treatment improves the crystallinity and nanoscale morphology of the active layer, enriches the device exciton generation and dissociation efficiency, charge transport and collection efficiency and reduces carrier recombination. The observed higher PCE (6.53%) of the BHJSCs having ICT3 with a DTP donor moiety broadens the scope to develop new, efficient DTP based small molecular donor materials for BHJSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Reddy Busireddy
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India.
| | | | - Narendra Reddy Chereddy
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India.
| | - Balaiah Shanigaram
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Bhanuprakash Kotamarthi
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Subhayan Biswas
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur, India.
| | - Ganesh Datt Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur, India.
| | - Jayathirtha Rao Vaidya
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India. and AcSIR, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
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35
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Kahmann S, Fazzi D, Matt GJ, Thiel W, Loi MA, Brabec CJ. Polarons in Narrow Band Gap Polymers Probed over the Entire Infrared Range: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Investigation. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4438-4444. [PMID: 27749079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the photoinduced absorption (PIA) spectra of the prototypical donor-acceptor polymer [2,6-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (C-PCPDTBT) and its silicon bridged variant Si-PCPDTBT over a spectral range from 0.07 to 1.5 eV. Comparison between time-dependent density functional theory simulations of the electronic and vibrational transitions of singlet excitons, triplet excitons, polarons, and bipolarons with the experimental results proves that the observed features are due to positive polarons delocalized on the polymer chains. We find that the more crystalline Si-bridged variant gives rise to a red-shift in the transition energies, especially in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral range and furthermore observe that the pristine polymers' responses depend on the excitation energy. Blending with PCBM, on the other hand, leads to excitation-independent PIA spectra. By computing the response properties of molecular aggregates, we show that polarons are delocalized in not only the intra- but also the interchain direction, leading to intermolecular transitions which correspond well to experimental absorption features at the lowest energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kahmann
- Institute for Materials in Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Martensstraße 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 NL-9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung (MPI-KOFO), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mühlheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Gebhard J Matt
- Institute for Materials in Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Martensstraße 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung (MPI-KOFO), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mühlheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Maria A Loi
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 NL-9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute for Materials in Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Martensstraße 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE-Bayern), Haberstraße 2a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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36
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Takagi K, Miwa T, Masu H. Synthesis and Optical Properties of π-Conjugated Polymers Containing Fused Imidazole Skeleton. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takagi
- Life Science and
Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Takuya Miwa
- Life Science and
Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hyuma Masu
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Chiba University, 1-33
Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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37
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Onorato J, Pakhnyuk V, Luscombe CK. Structure and design of polymers for durable, stretchable organic electronics. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Xia D, Wu Y, Wang Q, Zhang A, Li C, Lin Y, Colberts FJM, van Franeker JJ, Janssen RAJ, Zhan X, Hu W, Tang Z, Ma W, Li W. Effect of Alkyl Side Chains of Conjugated Polymer Donors on the Device Performance of Non-Fullerene Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xia
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10090, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- State
Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Andong Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10090, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10090, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Fallon J. M. Colberts
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus J. van Franeker
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10090, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Institut
für Angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Bähr-Straße 1, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Wei Ma
- State
Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10090, P. R. China
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39
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Zhang FB, Adachi Y, Ooyama Y, Ohshita J. Synthesis and Properties of Benzofuran-Fused Silole and Germole Derivatives: Reversible Dimerization and Crystal Structures of Monomers and Dimers. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Bao Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yohei Adachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ooyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Joji Ohshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Nakamura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 639-8527, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ooyama
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 639-8527, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Hayakawa
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 639-8527, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishino
- Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-Ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Joji Ohshita
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 639-8527, Japan
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41
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Analysis of Triplet Exciton Loss Pathways in PTB7:PC71BM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29158. [PMID: 27380928 PMCID: PMC4933975 DOI: 10.1038/srep29158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A strategy for increasing the conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics has been to increase the VOC by tuning the energy levels of donor and acceptor components. However, this opens up a new loss pathway from an interfacial charge transfer state to a triplet exciton (TE) state called electron back transfer (EBT), which is detrimental to device performance. To test this hypothesis, we study triplet formation in the high performing PTB7:PC71BM blend system and determine the impact of the morphology-optimizing additive 1,8-diiodoctane (DIO). Using photoluminescence and spin-sensitive optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements at low temperature, we find that TEs form on PC71BM via intersystem crossing from singlet excitons and on PTB7 via EBT mechanism. For DIO blends with smaller fullerene domains, an increased density of PTB7 TEs is observed. The EBT process is found to be significant only at very low temperature. At 300 K, no triplets are detected via ODMR, and electrically detected magnetic resonance on optimized solar cells indicates that TEs are only present on the fullerenes. We conclude that in PTB7:PC71BM devices, TE formation via EBT is impacted by fullerene domain size at low temperature, but at room temperature, EBT does not represent a dominant loss pathway.
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42
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Santos FSD, Bertuzzi DL, Pedroso AV, Voinarovicz MA, Klider KCCWDS, Péres LO, Garcia JR. Evaluation of the photocurrent value for poly(2,5-dicyano- p -phenylene-vinylene)-co-(p-phenylene-vinylene) (DCN-PPV/PPV). J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Ku J, Gim Y, Lansac Y, Jang YH. N-Alkylthienopyrroledione versus benzothiadiazole pulling units in push–pull copolymers used for photovoltaic applications: density functional theory study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:1017-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06075c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low-band-gap push–pull copolymers are promising donor materials for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamin Ku
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Korea
| | - Yeongrok Gim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Korea
| | - Yves Lansac
- GREMAN
- UMR 7347
- Université François Rabelais
- 37200 Tours
- France
| | - Yun Hee Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Korea
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44
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Liu L, Song J, Lu H, Wang H, Bo Z. Novel dithienosilole-based conjugated copolymers and their application in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01427a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of silicon containing conjugated polymers were prepared from the novel asymmetrical dithienosilole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Liu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
| | - Jinsheng Song
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
| | - Heng Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
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45
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Gu C, Zhu D, Qiu M, Han L, Wen S, Li Y, Yang R. Design, synthesis and optical properties of small molecules based on dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]stannole and stannafluorene. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01310d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of stable Sn-containing heteroaromatic conjugated oligomers, dialkyl dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]stannole (DTSn) and stannafluorene (SnF) derivatives, were designed and synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuantao Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- China
| | - Dangqiang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- China
| | - Meng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- China
| | - Liangliang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- China
| | - Shuguang Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- China
| | - Yonghai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- China
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46
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SambathKumar B, Varathan E, Subramanian V, Somanathan N. Design of medium band gap random terpolymers containing fluorene linked diketopyrrolopyrrole and thiophene co-monomers: an experimental and theoretical study. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six different random terpolymers were synthesised and their optoelectronic properties were fine-tuned by varying the thiophene strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. SambathKumar
- CSIR -Central Leather Research Institute
- (CSIR)-CLRI
- Chennai-600020
- India
- CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy
| | - E. Varathan
- CSIR -Central Leather Research Institute
- (CSIR)-CLRI
- Chennai-600020
- India
- CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy
| | - V. Subramanian
- CSIR -Central Leather Research Institute
- (CSIR)-CLRI
- Chennai-600020
- India
- CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy
| | - N. Somanathan
- CSIR -Central Leather Research Institute
- (CSIR)-CLRI
- Chennai-600020
- India
- CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Ohshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ooyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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48
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Hartmeier BF, Brady MA, Treat ND, Robb MJ, Mates TE, Hexemer A, Wang C, Hawker CJ, Kramer EJ, Chabinyc ML. Significance of miscibility in multidonor bulk heterojunction solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F. Hartmeier
- Materials Department; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Materials; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zürich CH-8093 Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Brady
- Materials Department; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Neil D. Treat
- Materials Department; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Maxwell J. Robb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Thomas E. Mates
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Alexander Hexemer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Advanced Light Source; Berkeley California 94720
| | - Cheng Wang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Advanced Light Source; Berkeley California 94720
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Department; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Edward J. Kramer
- Materials Department; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Michael L. Chabinyc
- Materials Department; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
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49
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Zhong H, Han Y, Shaw J, Anthopoulos TD, Heeney M. Fused Ring Cyclopentadithienothiophenes as Novel Building Blocks for High Field Effect Mobility Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhong
- Departments
of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Yang Han
- Departments
of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Jessica Shaw
- Departments
of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- Departments
of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Martin Heeney
- Departments
of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
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50
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He X, Cao B, Hauger TC, Kang M, Gusarov S, Luber EJ, Buriak JM. Donor-acceptor small molecules for organic photovoltaics: single-atom substitution (Se or S). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:8188-99. [PMID: 25808481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Two isostructural low-band-gap small molecules that contain a one-atom substitution, S for Se, were designed and synthesized. The molecule 7,7'-[4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene]bis[6-fluoro-4-(5'-hexyl-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole] (1) and its selenium analogue 7,7'-[4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene]bis[6-fluoro-4-(5'-hexyl-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]selenodiazole] (2) are both based on the electron-rich central unit benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of one-atom substitution on the optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance of devices. Theoretical calculations revealed that this one-atom variation has a small but measurable effect on the energy of frontier molecular orbital (HOMO and LUMO), which, in turn, can affect the absorption profile of the molecules, both neat and when mixed in a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) with PC71BM. The Se-containing variant 2 led to higher efficiencies [highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.6%] in a standard organic photovoltaic architecture, when combined with PC71BM after a brief thermal annealing, than the S-containing molecule 1 (highest PCE of 1.0%). Studies of the resulting morphologies of BHJs based on 1 and 2 showed that one-atom substitution could engender important differences in the solubilities, which then influenced the crystal orientations of the small molecules within this thin layer. Brief thermal annealing resulted in rotation of the crystalline grains of both molecules to more energetically favorable configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming He
- †National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Bing Cao
- †National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tate C Hauger
- †National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Minkyu Kang
- †National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Sergey Gusarov
- †National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Erik J Luber
- †National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jillian M Buriak
- †National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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