1
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Sim R, Su L, Dolocan A, Manthiram A. Delineating the Impact of Transition-Metal Crossover on Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Formation with Ion Mass Spectrometry. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2311573. [PMID: 38145579 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-metal batteries (LMB) employing cobalt-free layered-oxide cathodes are a sustainable path forward to achieving high energy densities, but these cathodes exhibit substantial transition-metal dissolution during high-voltage cycling. While transition-metal crossover is recognized to disrupt solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on graphite anodes, experimental evidence is necessary to demonstrate this for lithium-metal anodes. In this work, advanced high-resolution 3D chemical analysis is conducted with time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) to establish spatial correlations between the transition metals and electrolyte decomposition products found on cycled lithium-metal anodes. Insights into the localization of various chemistries linked to crucial processes that define LMB performance, such as lithium deposition, SEI growth, and transition-metal deposition are deduced from a precise elemental and spatial analysis of the SEI. Heterogenous transition-metal deposition is found to perpetuate both heterogeneous SEI growth and lithium deposition on lithium-metal anodes. These correlations are confirmed across various lithium-metal anodes that are cycled with different cobalt-free cathodes and electrolytes. An advanced electrolyte that is stable to higher voltages is shown to minimize transition-metal crossover and its effects on lithium-metal anodes. Overall, these results highlight the importance of maintaining uniform SEI coverage on lithium-metal anodes, which is disrupted by transition-metal crossover during operation at high voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Laisuo Su
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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2
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Vaidyula RR, Nguyen MH, Weeks JA, Wang Y, Wang Z, Kawashima K, Paul-Orecchio AG, Celio H, Dolocan A, Henkelman G, Mullins CB. Binary Solvent Induced Stable Interphase Layer for Ultra-Long Life Sodium Metal Batteries. Adv Mater 2024:e2312508. [PMID: 38465829 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Sodium foil, promising for high-energy-density batteries, faces reversibility challenges due to its inherent reactivity and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. In this study, a stable sodium metal battery (SMB) is achieved by tuning the electrolyte solvation structure through the addition of co-solvent 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (MTHF) to diglyme (Dig). The introduction of cyclic ether-based MTHF results in increased anion incorporation in the solvation structure, even at lower salt concentrations. Specifically, the anion stabilization capabilities of the environmentally sustainable MTHF co-solvent lead to a contact-ion pair-based solvation structure. Time-of-flight mass spectroscopy analysis reveals that a shift toward an anion-dominated solvation structure promotes the formation of a thin and uniform SEI layer. Consequently, employing a NaPF6-based electrolyte with a Dig:MTHF ratio of 50% (v/v) binary solvent yields an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.72% for 300 cycles in Cu||Na cell cycling. Remarkably, at a C/2 cycling rate, Na||Na symmetric cell cycling demonstrates ultra-long-term stability exceeding 7000 h, and full cells with Na0.44MnO2 as a cathode retain 80% of their capacity after 500 cycles. This study systematically examines solvation structure, SEI layer composition, and electrochemical cycling, emphasizing the significance of MTHF-based binary solvent mixtures for high-performance SMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mai H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jason A Weeks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yixian Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ziqing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Kenta Kawashima
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | - Hugo Celio
- Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Center for Electrochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - C Buddie Mullins
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Center for Electrochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- John J. McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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3
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Weeks JA, Burrow JN, Diao J, Paul-Orecchio AG, Srinivasan HS, Vaidyula RR, Dolocan A, Henkelman G, Mullins CB. In Situ Engineering of Inorganic-Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphases via Anion Choice Enables Stable, Lithium Anodes. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2305645. [PMID: 37670536 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of liquid battery electrolytes that facilitate the formation of stable solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) to mitigate dendrite formation is imperative to enable lithium anodes in next-generation energy-dense batteries. Compared to traditional electrolyte solvents, tetrahydrofuran (THF)-based electrolyte systems have demonstrated great success in enabling high-stability lithium anodes by encouraging the decomposition of anions (instead of organic solvent) and thus generating inorganic-rich SEIs. Herein, by employing a variety of different lithium salts (i.e., LiPF6, LiTFSI, LiFSI, and LiDFOB), it is demonstrated that electrolyte anions modulate the inorganic composition and resulting properties of the SEI. Through novel analytical time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry methods, such as hierarchical clustering of depth profiles and compositional analysis using integrated yields, the chemical composition and morphology of the SEIs generated from each electrolyte system are examined. Notably, the LiDFOB electrolyte provides an exceptionally stable system to enable lithium anodes, delivering >1500 cycles at a current density of 0.5 mAh g-1 and a capacity of 0.5 mAh g-1 in symmetrical cells. Furthermore, Li//LFP cells using this electrolyte demonstrate high-rate, reversible lithium storage, supplying 139 mAh g(LFP) -1 at C/2 (≈0.991 mAh cm-2 , @ 0.61 mA cm-2 ) with 87.5% capacity retention over 300 cycles (average Coulombic efficiency >99.86%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Weeks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
| | - James N Burrow
- John J. McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1589, USA
| | - Jiefeng Diao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | - Hrishikesh S Srinivasan
- John J. McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1589, USA
| | - Rinish Reddy Vaidyula
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - C Buddie Mullins
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
- John J. McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1589, USA
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
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4
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Rowles LS, Tso D, Dolocan A, Kirisits MJ, Lawler DF, Saleh NB. Integrating Navajo Pottery Techniques To Improve Silver Nanoparticle-Enabled Ceramic Water Filters for Disinfection. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:17132-17143. [PMID: 37870911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-use treatment technologies can increase access to safe drinking water in rural areas. Sustained use of these technologies is uncommon due to oversight of community needs, user-perceived risks, long-term maintenance, and conflict with traditional practices. Nanosilver-enabled ceramic water filters are unique due to the use of locally sourced materials available at or near the target community; however, technical limitations persist (e.g., nanosilver's uncontrolled release and passivation from sulfide or chloride). This work aims to overcome these limitations by impregnating nanosilver onto ceramics with a Navajo pottery rosin, collected from pinyon trees with a third-generation artisan. Here, we investigate this sustainable and novel material for drinking water treatment; the study ranges from a proof of concept to testing under realistic conditions. Results show that when embedded in a thin film, the biopolymer controlled ionic silver dissolution and prevented silver passivation from sulfide and chloride. When applied to ceramic filters, the biopolymer effectively immobilized nanosilver in a range of waters. Over a 25 day study to emulate household-use conditions, this coating method sustained disinfection of a coculture of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria while controlling biofouling. Overall, the use of this Navajo pottery material can facilitate adoption while providing the needed technological advancement to these widely used treatment devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis S Rowles
- Fariborz Maseeh Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Deanna Tso
- Navajo Nation, Tuba City Chapter, Tuba, Arizona 86045, United States
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mary Jo Kirisits
- Fariborz Maseeh Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Desmond F Lawler
- Fariborz Maseeh Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Fariborz Maseeh Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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5
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Chrostowski R, Curry JF, Dugger MT, Molina N, Babuska TF, Celio H, Dolocan A, Mangolini F. Spectroscopic Evaluation of Surface Chemical Processes Occurring in MoS 2 upon Aging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37486090 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) coatings have attracted widespread industrial interest owing to their excellent lubricating properties under vacuum and inert conditions. Unfortunately, the increase in MoS2 interfacial shear strength following prolonged exposure to ambient conditions (a process referred to as "aging") has resulted in reliability issues when MoS2 is employed as solid lubricant. While aging of MoS2 is generally attributed to physical and chemical changes caused by adsorbed water and/or oxygen, a mechanistic understanding of the relative role of these two gaseous species in the evolution of the surface chemistry of MoS2 is still elusive. Additionally, remarkably little is known about the effect of thermally- and tribologically-induced microstructural variations in MoS2 on the aging processes occurring in the near-surface region of the coating. Here, we employed three analytical techniques, namely, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), to gain insights into the aging phenomena occurring in sputtered MoS2 coatings before and after tribological testing, while also evaluating the impact of thermally-induced variations in the coating structure on aging. The outcomes of XPS analyses provide evidence that a substantial surface oxidation of MoS2 only takes place under humid conditions. Furthermore, the correlation of XPS, ToF-SIMS, and GIXRD results allowed for the development of a qualitative model for the impact of shear-induced microstructural variations in MoS2 on the transport of water in the near-surface region of this material and on the extent of surface oxidation. These results add significantly to our understanding of the aging mechanisms of MoS2 coatings used in tribological applications and their dependence on environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Chrostowski
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - John F Curry
- Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Michael T Dugger
- Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Nicolas Molina
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tomas F Babuska
- Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Hugo Celio
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Filippo Mangolini
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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6
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Nakamura T, Matsumoto M, Amano K, Enokido Y, Zolensky ME, Mikouchi T, Genda H, Tanaka S, Zolotov MY, Kurosawa K, Wakita S, Hyodo R, Nagano H, Nakashima D, Takahashi Y, Fujioka Y, Kikuiri M, Kagawa E, Matsuoka M, Brearley AJ, Tsuchiyama A, Uesugi M, Matsuno J, Kimura Y, Sato M, Milliken RE, Tatsumi E, Sugita S, Hiroi T, Kitazato K, Brownlee D, Joswiak DJ, Takahashi M, Ninomiya K, Takahashi T, Osawa T, Terada K, Brenker FE, Tkalcec BJ, Vincze L, Brunetto R, Aléon-Toppani A, Chan QHS, Roskosz M, Viennet JC, Beck P, Alp EE, Michikami T, Nagaashi Y, Tsuji T, Ino Y, Martinez J, Han J, Dolocan A, Bodnar RJ, Tanaka M, Yoshida H, Sugiyama K, King AJ, Fukushi K, Suga H, Yamashita S, Kawai T, Inoue K, Nakato A, Noguchi T, Vilas F, Hendrix AR, Jaramillo-Correa C, Domingue DL, Dominguez G, Gainsforth Z, Engrand C, Duprat J, Russell SS, Bonato E, Ma C, Kawamoto T, Wada T, Watanabe S, Endo R, Enju S, Riu L, Rubino S, Tack P, Takeshita S, Takeichi Y, Takeuchi A, Takigawa A, Takir D, Tanigaki T, Taniguchi A, Tsukamoto K, Yagi T, Yamada S, Yamamoto K, Yamashita Y, Yasutake M, Uesugi K, Umegaki I, Chiu I, Ishizaki T, Okumura S, Palomba E, Pilorget C, Potin SM, Alasli A, Anada S, Araki Y, Sakatani N, Schultz C, Sekizawa O, Sitzman SD, Sugiura K, Sun M, Dartois E, De Pauw E, Dionnet Z, Djouadi Z, Falkenberg G, Fujita R, Fukuma T, Gearba IR, Hagiya K, Hu MY, Kato T, Kawamura T, Kimura M, Kubo MK, Langenhorst F, Lantz C, Lavina B, Lindner M, Zhao J, Vekemans B, Baklouti D, Bazi B, Borondics F, Nagasawa S, Nishiyama G, Nitta K, Mathurin J, Matsumoto T, Mitsukawa I, Miura H, Miyake A, Miyake Y, Yurimoto H, Okazaki R, Yabuta H, Naraoka H, Sakamoto K, Tachibana S, Connolly HC, Lauretta DS, Yoshitake M, Yoshikawa M, Yoshikawa K, Yoshihara K, Yokota Y, Yogata K, Yano H, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto D, Yamada M, Yamada T, Yada T, Wada K, Usui T, Tsukizaki R, Terui F, Takeuchi H, Takei Y, Iwamae A, Soejima H, Shirai K, Shimaki Y, Senshu H, Sawada H, Saiki T, Ozaki M, Ono G, Okada T, Ogawa N, Ogawa K, Noguchi R, Noda H, Nishimura M, Namiki N, Nakazawa S, Morota T, Miyazaki A, Miura A, Mimasu Y, Matsumoto K, Kumagai K, Kouyama T, Kikuchi S, Kawahara K, Kameda S, Iwata T, Ishihara Y, Ishiguro M, Ikeda H, Hosoda S, Honda R, Honda C, Hitomi Y, Hirata N, Hirata N, Hayashi T, Hayakawa M, Hatakeda K, Furuya S, Fukai R, Fujii A, Cho Y, Arakawa M, Abe M, Watanabe S, Tsuda Y. Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples. Science 2023; 379:eabn8671. [PMID: 36137011 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn8671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu were brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We analyzed 17 Ryugu samples measuring 1 to 8 millimeters. Carbon dioxide-bearing water inclusions are present within a pyrrhotite crystal, indicating that Ryugu's parent asteroid formed in the outer Solar System. The samples contain low abundances of materials that formed at high temperatures, such as chondrules and calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusions. The samples are rich in phyllosilicates and carbonates, which formed through aqueous alteration reactions at low temperature, high pH, and water/rock ratios of <1 (by mass). Less altered fragments contain olivine, pyroxene, amorphous silicates, calcite, and phosphide. Numerical simulations, based on the mineralogical and physical properties of the samples, indicate that Ryugu's parent body formed ~2 million years after the beginning of Solar System formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakamura
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M Matsumoto
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Amano
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Enokido
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M E Zolensky
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - T Mikouchi
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Genda
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - M Y Zolotov
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - K Kurosawa
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - S Wakita
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - R Hyodo
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Nagano
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - D Nakashima
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Takahashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Y Fujioka
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M Kikuiri
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - E Kagawa
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M Matsuoka
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), Observatoire de Paris, Meudon 92195 France.,Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8567, Japan
| | - A J Brearley
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - A Tsuchiyama
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.,Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China.,Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, CAS, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - M Uesugi
- Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - J Matsuno
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Y Kimura
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - M Sato
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R E Milliken
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - E Tatsumi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38205, Spain
| | - S Sugita
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Hiroi
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - K Kitazato
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - D Brownlee
- Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - D J Joswiak
- Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - M Takahashi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Ninomiya
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan.,Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Osawa
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
| | - K Terada
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - F E Brenker
- Institute of Geoscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B J Tkalcec
- Institute of Geoscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L Vincze
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Brunetto
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - A Aléon-Toppani
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Q H S Chan
- Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - M Roskosz
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - J-C Viennet
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - P Beck
- Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - E E Alp
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - T Michikami
- Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan
| | - Y Nagaashi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - T Tsuji
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Ino
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Physics, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1330, Japan
| | - J Martinez
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - J Han
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - A Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - R J Bodnar
- Department of Geoscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - M Tanaka
- Materials Analysis Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - H Yoshida
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Sugiyama
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - A J King
- Department of Earth Science, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - K Fukushi
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - H Suga
- Spectroscopy Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - S Yamashita
- Department of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.,Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Kawai
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Inoue
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - A Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Noguchi
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - F Vilas
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - A R Hendrix
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | | | - D L Domingue
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - G Dominguez
- Department of Physics, California State University, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Z Gainsforth
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C Engrand
- Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J Duprat
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - S S Russell
- Department of Earth Science, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - E Bonato
- Institute for Planetary Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Luftund Raumfahrt, Rutherfordstraße 2 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Ma
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
| | - T Kawamoto
- Department of Geosciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - T Wada
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan
| | - R Endo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - S Enju
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - L Riu
- European Space Astronomy Centre, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
| | - S Rubino
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - P Tack
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Takeshita
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai 319-1106, Japan
| | - Y Takeichi
- Department of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.,Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan.,Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Takeuchi
- Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - A Takigawa
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - D Takir
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | | | - A Taniguchi
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori 590-0494, Japan
| | - K Tsukamoto
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - T Yagi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - S Yamada
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - K Yamamoto
- Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Y Yamashita
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - M Yasutake
- Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - K Uesugi
- Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - I Umegaki
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai 319-1106, Japan.,Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan
| | - I Chiu
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Ishizaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Okumura
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - E Palomba
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - C Pilorget
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - S M Potin
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), Observatoire de Paris, Meudon 92195 France.,Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - A Alasli
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - S Anada
- Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Y Araki
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-0058, Japan
| | - N Sakatani
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - C Schultz
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - O Sekizawa
- Spectroscopy Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - S D Sitzman
- Physical Sciences Laboratory, The Aerospace Corporation, CA 90245, USA
| | - K Sugiura
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - M Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China.,Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, CAS, Guangzhou 510640, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - E Dartois
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - E De Pauw
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Z Dionnet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Z Djouadi
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - G Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Photon Science, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Fujita
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - T Fukuma
- Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - I R Gearba
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - K Hagiya
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - M Y Hu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - T Kato
- Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - T Kawamura
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris 75205, France
| | - M Kimura
- Department of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.,Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - M K Kubo
- Division of Natural Sciences, International Christian University, Mitaka 181-8585, Japan
| | - F Langenhorst
- Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - C Lantz
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - B Lavina
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - M Lindner
- Institute of Geoscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Zhao
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - B Vekemans
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Baklouti
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - B Bazi
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Borondics
- Optimized Light Source of Intermediate Energy to LURE (SOLEIL) L'Orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette F-91192, France
| | - S Nagasawa
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan.,Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - G Nishiyama
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Nitta
- Spectroscopy Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - J Mathurin
- Institut Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - T Matsumoto
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - I Mitsukawa
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - H Miura
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
| | - A Miyake
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Y Miyake
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai 319-1106, Japan
| | - H Yurimoto
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - R Okazaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - H Yabuta
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - H Naraoka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - K Sakamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Tachibana
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H C Connolly
- Department of Geology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - D S Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - M Yoshitake
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - K Yoshikawa
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Yoshihara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Yokota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Yogata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Yano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - D Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Yamada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - T Yamada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Yada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Wada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - T Usui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Tsukizaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - F Terui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
| | - H Takeuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Y Takei
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Iwamae
- Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - H Soejima
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - K Shirai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Shimaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Senshu
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - H Sawada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Ozaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - G Ono
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - R Noguchi
- Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - H Noda
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - M Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - N Namiki
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - S Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Morota
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - A Miyazaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Miura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Mimasu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Matsumoto
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - K Kumagai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - T Kouyama
- Digital Architecture Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - S Kikuchi
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - K Kawahara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Kameda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - T Iwata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Y Ishihara
- JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Ishiguro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - H Ikeda
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Hosoda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - R Honda
- Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.,Center for Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - C Honda
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Y Hitomi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - T Hayashi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Hayakawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Hatakeda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - S Furuya
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Fukai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Fujii
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Cho
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Arakawa
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - M Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Y Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
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7
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Colleary C, O’Reilly S, Dolocan A, Toyoda JG, Chu RK, Tfaily MM, Hochella MF, Nesbitt SJ. Using Macro- and Microscale Preservation in Vertebrate Fossils as Predictors for Molecular Preservation in Fluvial Environments. Biology 2022; 11:biology11091304. [PMID: 36138783 PMCID: PMC9495945 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exceptionally preserved fossils retain soft tissues and often the biomolecules that were present in an animal during its life. The majority of terrestrial vertebrate fossils are not traditionally considered exceptionally preserved, with fossils falling on a spectrum ranging from very well-preserved to poorly preserved when considering completeness, morphology and the presence of microstructures. Within this variability of anatomical preservation, high-quality macro-scale preservation (e.g., articulated skeletons) may not be reflected in molecular-scale preservation (i.e., biomolecules). Excavation of the Hayden Quarry (HQ; Chinle Formation, Ghost Ranch, NM, USA) has resulted in the recovery of thousands of fossilized vertebrate specimens. This has contributed greatly to our knowledge of early dinosaur evolution and paleoenvironmental conditions during the Late Triassic Period (~212 Ma). The number of specimens, completeness of skeletons and fidelity of osteohistological microstructures preserved in the bone all demonstrate the remarkable quality of the fossils preserved at this locality. Because the Hayden Quarry is an excellent example of good preservation in a fluvial environment, we have tested different fossil types (i.e., bone, tooth, coprolite) to examine the molecular preservation and overall taphonomy of the HQ to determine how different scales of preservation vary within a single locality. We used multiple high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques (TOF-SIMS, GC-MS, FT-ICR MS) to compare the fossils to unaltered bone from extant vertebrates, experimentally matured bone, and younger dinosaurian skeletal material from other fluvial environments. FT-ICR MS provides detailed molecular information about complex mixtures, and TOF-SIMS has high elemental spatial sensitivity. Using these techniques, we did not find convincing evidence of a molecular signal that can be confidently interpreted as endogenous, indicating that very good macro- and microscale preservation are not necessarily good predictors of molecular preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Colleary
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Shane O’Reilly
- Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jason G. Toyoda
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Rosalie K. Chu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Malak M. Tfaily
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 87519, USA
| | - Michael F. Hochella
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
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8
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Kim Y, Park H, Dolocan A, Warner JH, Manthiram A. Wet-CO 2 Pretreatment Process for Reducing Residual Lithium in High-Nickel Layered Oxides for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:27096-27105. [PMID: 34061491 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the push for inexpensive vehicle electrification grows, high-energy-density cathodes for lithium-ion batteries, such as high-nickel layered oxides, have received a great deal of attention in both industry and academia. These materials, however, suffer from severe residual lithium formation, which causes slurry gelation during electrode fabrication and gas evolution during cycling. Herein, a novel cobalt hydroxide coating method on wet-CO2 gas-treated LiNi0.91Mn0.03Co0.06O2 (Co-CO2-NMC91) is presented. Notably, the wet-CO2 treatment prior to a dry cobalt hydroxide coating plays a critical role in improving the coating uniformity and ultimately decreases the effective residual lithium content. Furthermore, full cells of Co-CO2-NMC91 exhibit excellent capacity retention of 91% after 200 cycles. This study highlights how a wet-CO2 treatment can be used to improve a typical dry coating and provides new insights toward the development of cathodes for high-energy-density LIBs without severe slurry gelation or gas evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hyoju Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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9
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Xu B, Li X, Yang C, Li Y, Grundish NS, Chien PH, Dong K, Manke I, Fang R, Wu N, Xu H, Dolocan A, Goodenough JB. Interfacial Chemistry Enables Stable Cycling of All-Solid-State Li Metal Batteries at High Current Densities. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6542-6550. [PMID: 33904722 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The application of flexible, robust, and low-cost solid polymer electrolytes in next-generation all-solid-state lithium metal batteries has been hindered by the low room-temperature ionic conductivity of these electrolytes and the small critical current density of the batteries. Both issues stem from the low mobility of Li+ ions in the polymer and the fast lithium dendrite growth at the Li metal/electrolyte interface. Herein, Mg(ClO4)2 is demonstrated to be an effective additive in the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based composite electrolyte to regulate Li+ ion transport and manipulate the Li metal/electrolyte interfacial performance. By combining experimental and computational studies, we show that Mg2+ ions are immobile in a PEO host due to coordination with ether oxygen and anions of lithium salts, which enhances the mobility of Li+ ions; more importantly, an in-situ formed Li+-conducting Li2MgCl4/LiF interfacial layer homogenizes the Li+ flux during plating and increases the critical current density up to a record 2 mA cm-2. Each of these factors contributes to the assembly of competitive all-solid-state Li/Li, LiFePO4/Li, and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2/Li cells, demonstrating the importance of surface chemistry and interfacial engineering in the design of all-solid-state Li metal batteries for high-current-density applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyi Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xinyu Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chao Yang
- Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany
| | - Yutao Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nicholas S Grundish
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Po-Hsiu Chien
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Kang Dong
- Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany
| | - Ingo Manke
- Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany
| | - Ruyi Fang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nan Wu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Henghui Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - John B Goodenough
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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10
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Abstract
It remains a great challenge to explore desirable cathodes for sodium-ion batteries to satisfy the ever-increasing demand for large-scale energy storage systems. In this Letter, we report a NASICON-structured Na4MnCr(PO4)3 cathode with high specific capacity and operation potential. The reversible access of the Mn2+/Mn3+ (3.75/3.4 V), Mn3+/Mn4+ (4.25/4.1 V), and Cr3+/Cr4+ (4.4/4.3 V vs Na/Na+) redox couples in a Na4MnCr(PO4)3 cathode endows a distinct three-electron redox reaction during the insertion/extraction process. The highly stable NASICON structure with a small volume variation upon cycling ensures long-time cycling stability (73.3% capacity retention after 500 cycles within the potential region of 2.5-4.6 V). The impedance analysis and interface characterization indicate that the evolution of a cathode electrolyte interphase at high potential is correlated with the capacity fading, while the robustness of the NASICON framework is redemonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xiangwen Gao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hongcai Gao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - John B Goodenough
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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11
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Son YJ, Kawashima K, Wygant BR, Lam CH, Burrow JN, Celio H, Dolocan A, Ekerdt JG, Mullins CB. Anodized Nickel Foam for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Fe-Free and Unpurified Alkaline Electrolytes at High Current Densities. ACS Nano 2021; 15:3468-3480. [PMID: 33512156 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To achieve practically high electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the active surface area should be maximized without severely compromising electron and mass transport throughout the catalyst electrode. Though the importance of electron and mass transport has been studied using low surface area catalysts under low current densities (∼tens of mA/cm2), the transport properties of large surface area catalysts under high operating current densities (∼500 mA/cm2) for practical OER catalysis have rarely been explored. Herein, three-dimensional (3D) hierarchically porous anodized nickel foams (ANFs) with large and variable surface areas were synthesized via electrochemical anodization of 3D nickel foam and applied as OER electrocatalysts in Fe-free and unpurified KOH electrolytes. Using Fe-free and in situ Fe-doped ANF that were prepared in Fe-free and unpurified electrolytes, respectively, we investigated the interdependent effects of active surface area and transport properties on OER activity under practically high current densities. While activity increased linearly with active surface area for Fe-free ANF, the activity of Fe-doped ANF showed a nonlinear increase with active surface area due to lower electrocatalytic activity enhancement. Detailed investigations on the possible factors (Fe incorporation, mass transport, and electron transport) identified that electron transport limitations played the major role in restricting the activity enhancement with increasing active surface area for Fe-doped ANF, although Fe-doped ANF has electron transport properties better than those of Fe-free ANF. This study exemplifies the growing significance of electron transport properties in large surface area catalysts, especially those with superb intrinsic catalytic activity and high operating current density.
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12
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Colleary C, Lamadrid HM, O'Reilly SS, Dolocan A, Nesbitt SJ. Molecular preservation in mammoth bone and variation based on burial environment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2662. [PMID: 33514821 PMCID: PMC7846728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecules preserved in fossils are expanding our understanding of the biology and evolution of ancient animals. Molecular taphonomy seeks to understand how these biomolecules are preserved and how they can be interpreted. So far, few studies on molecular preservation have considered burial context to understand its impact on preservation or the potentially complementary information from multiple biomolecular classes. Here, we use mass spectrometry and other analytical techniques to detect the remains of proteins and lipids within intact fossil mammoth bones of different ages and varied depositional setting. By combining these approaches, we demonstrate that endogenous amino acids, amides and lipids can preserve well in fossil bone. Additionally, these techniques enable us to examine variation in preservation based on location within the bone, finding dense cortical bone better preserves biomolecules, both by slowing the rate of degradation and limiting the extent of exogenous contamination. Our dataset demonstrates that biomolecule loss begins early, is impacted by burial environment and temperature, and that both exogenous and endogenous molecular signals can be both present and informative in a single fossil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Colleary
- Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Hector M Lamadrid
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Shane S O'Reilly
- School of Earth Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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13
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Sun HH, Dolocan A, Weeks JA, Heller A, Mullins CB. Stabilization of a Highly Ni-Rich Layered Oxide Cathode through Flower-Petal Grain Arrays. ACS Nano 2020; 14:17142-17150. [PMID: 33284576 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nickel adds to the capacity of layered oxide cathodes of lithium-ion batteries but comprises their stability. We report a petal-grained Li[Ni0.89Co0.10Sb0.01]O2 cathode that is, nevertheless, stable. The stability originates from the ordering of the nanosized grains in a dense, flower-petal-like array, where the elongated and nearly parallel grains radiate from the center to the surface. The ordering of the grains prevents microcrack generation from abrupt lattice changes of the stressful H2-H3 phase transition. The tight packing of the nanograins is conserved upon cycling, preventing destructive seepage of the electrolytic solution into the particles. The half-cell, cycling between 2.7-4.3 V versus Li/Li+ at a 0.5 C rate retains 95.0% of its initial capacity of 220 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles. The full-cell, cycling with a graphite anode and between 3.0-4.2 V at a 1 C rate, retains 83.9% of its initial capacity after 1000 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hohyun Sun
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Jason A Weeks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Adam Heller
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - C Buddie Mullins
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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14
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Ding Y, Guo X, Qian Y, Xue L, Dolocan A, Yu G. Room-Temperature All-Liquid-Metal Batteries Based on Fusible Alloys with Regulated Interfacial Chemistry and Wetting. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2002577. [PMID: 32548922 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metal batteries are regarded as potential electrochemical systems for stationary energy storage. Currently, all reported liquid metal batteries need to be operated at temperatures above 240 °C to maintain the metallic electrodes in a molten state. Here, an unprecedented room-temperature liquid metal battery employing a sodium-potassium (Na-K) alloy anode and gallium (Ga)-based alloy cathodes is demonstrated. Compared with lead (Pb)- and mercury (Hg)-based liquid metal electrodes, the nontoxic Ga alloys maintain high environmental benignity. On the basis of improved wetting and stabilized interfacial chemistry, such liquid metal batteries deliver stable cycling performance and negligible self-discharge. Different from the conventional interphase between a typical solid electrode and a liquid electrolyte, the interphase between a liquid metal and a liquid electrolyte is directly visualized via advanced 3D chemical analysis. Insights into this new type of liquid electrode/electrolyte interphase reveal its important role in regulating charge carriers and stabilizing the redox chemistry. With facile cell fabrication, simplified battery structures, high safety, and low maintenance costs, room-temperature liquid metal batteries not only show great prospects for widespread applications, but also offer a pathway toward developing innovative energy-storage devices beyond conventional solid-state batteries or high-temperature batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Xuelin Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yumin Qian
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Leigang Xue
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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15
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Sahakijpijarn S, Moon C, Ma X, Su Y, Koleng JJ, Dolocan A, Williams RO. Using thin film freezing to minimize excipients in inhalable tacrolimus dry powder formulations. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119490. [PMID: 32603840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of preparing high-potency tacrolimus dry powder for inhalation using thin film freezing (TFF). We found that using ultra-rapid freezing can increase drug loading up to 95% while maintaining good aerosol performance. Drug loading affected the specific surface area and moisture sorption of TFF formulations, but it did not affect the chemical stability, physical stability, and dissolution of tacrolimus. Tacrolimus remained amorphous after storage at 40 °C/75% RH, and 25 °C/60% RH for up to 6 months. Lactose functioned as a bulking agent, and it had little to no effect as a stabilizer for amorphous tacrolimus due to a lack of interaction between the drug and excipient. Additionally, the aerosol performance of TFF tacrolimus/lactose (95/5) did not significantly change after six months of storage at 25 °C/60% RH. For processing parameters, the solids content and the processing temperature did not affect the aerosol performance of tacrolimus. Furthermore, both low- and high-resistance RS01 showed optimal and consistent aerosol performance over the 1-4 kPa pressure drop range. In conclusion, TFF is a suitable technology for producing inhalable powder that contain high drug loading and have less flow rate dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawittree Sahakijpijarn
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Chaeho Moon
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA; TFF Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yongchao Su
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | | | - Andrei Dolocan
- The University of Texas at Austin, Texas Materials Institute, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA.
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16
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Erickson EM, Li W, Dolocan A, Manthiram A. Insights into the Cathode-Electrolyte Interphases of High-Energy-Density Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:16451-16461. [PMID: 32181643 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive study of cycled high-Ni (LiNi1-xMxO2, M = metals), Li-rich (Li1+xMnyM1-x-yO2), and high-voltage spinel (LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4) electrodes with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in conjunction with electrochemical techniques to better understand their evolving cathode-electrolyte interphase structure during cycling. TOF-SIMS provides fragment-specific information regarding the surface film content for each of the electrodes. High-Ni cathodes show thick surface films initially containing Li2CO3, later developing oxidized organic carbonates throughout cycling. Li-rich electrode surface films develop strong characteristics during their first activation cycles, where released O2 oxidizes organic carbonates to form polymeric carbons and decomposes LiPF6. High-voltage spinel electrodes operate outside the standard electrolyte stability window, generating reactive oxidized electrolyte species that further decompose LiPF6. The distribution and concentration of these different chemical fragments measured by TOF-SIMS are finally summarized by color-coded high-resolution images of cycled high-Ni, Li-rich, and high-voltage spinel electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Erickson
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Wangda Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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17
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Heo S, Dahlman CJ, Staller CM, Jiang T, Dolocan A, Korgel BA, Milliron DJ. Enhanced Coloration Efficiency of Electrochromic Tungsten Oxide Nanorods by Site Selective Occupation of Sodium Ions. Nano Lett 2020; 20:2072-2079. [PMID: 32081013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coloration efficiency is an important figure of merit in electrochromic windows. Though it is thought to be an intrinsic material property, we tune optical modulation by effective utilization of ion intercalation sites. Specifically, we enhance the coloration efficiency of m-WO2.72 nanocrystal films by selectively intercalating sodium ions into optically active hexagonal sites. To accurately measure coloration efficiencies, significant degradation during cycling is mitigated by introducing atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 layers. Galvanostatic spectroscopic measurement shows that the site-selective intercalation of sodium ions in hexagonal tunnels enhances the coloration efficiency compared to a nonselective lithium ion-based electrolyte. Electrochemical rate analysis shows insertion of sodium ions to be capacitive-like, another indication of occupying hexagonal sites. Our results emphasize the importance of different site occupation on spectroelectrochemical properties, which can be used for designing materials and selecting electrolytes for enhanced electrochromic performance. In this context, we suggest sodium ion-based electrolytes hold unrealized potential for tungsten oxide electrochromic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyeon Heo
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Clayton J Dahlman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Corey M Staller
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Taizhi Jiang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Brian A Korgel
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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18
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Wu N, Chien PH, Li Y, Dolocan A, Xu H, Xu B, Grundish NS, Jin H, Hu YY, Goodenough JB. Fast Li+ Conduction Mechanism and Interfacial Chemistry of a NASICON/Polymer Composite Electrolyte. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2497-2505. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Po-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Yutao Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Henghui Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Biyi Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nicholas S. Grundish
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Haibo Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - John B. Goodenough
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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19
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Wygant BR, Ye AZ, Dolocan A, Vu Q, Abbot DM, Mullins CB. Probing the Degradation Chemistry and Enhanced Stability of 2D Organolead Halide Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18170-18181. [PMID: 31630513 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent work on quasi-2D Ruddlesden-Popper phase organolead halide perovskites has shown that they possess many interesting optical and physical properties. Most notably, they are significantly more stable when exposed to moisture when compared to the typical 3D perovskite methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI); direct evidence for the chemical source of this stability remains elusive, however. Here, we present a detailed study of the superior moisture stability of a quasi-2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite, n-butylammonium methylammonium lead iodide (nBA-MAPI), compared to that of MAPI, and examine a simple, yet efficient, methodology to improve the stability of MAPI devices through the application of a thin layer of nBA-MAPI to the surface. By employing a variety of analytical techniques (photoluminescence, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction) we determine that the improved stability of Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites is a consequence of a unique degradation pathway which produces a passivating surface layer, composed of increasingly stable phases of the 2D perovskite, via disproportionation. Our work establishes that this protective material isolates the bulk of the perovskite from a newly identified hydration layer which is found to accumulate at the C60/perovskite interface of full devices, slowing further hydrolysis reactions that would damage the device. As MAPI devices degrade quickly without any protection, a surface treatment of nBA-MAPI is an efficient way to delay device deterioration by creating an artificial 2D surface layer that similarly inhibits interaction with the hydration layer.
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20
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You Y, Dolocan A, Li W, Manthiram A. Understanding the Air-Exposure Degradation Chemistry at a Nanoscale of Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries. Nano Lett 2019; 19:182-188. [PMID: 30517790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Undesired reactions between layered sodium transition-metal oxide cathodes and air impede their utilization in practical sodium-ion batteries. Consequently, a fundamental understanding of how layered oxide cathodes degrade in air is of paramount importance, but it has not been fully understood yet. Here a comprehensive study on a model material NaNi0.7Mn0.15Co0.15O2 reveals its reaction chemistry with air and the dynamic evolution of the degradation species upon air exposure. We find that besides the extraction of Na+ ions from the crystal lattice to form NaOH, Na2CO3, and Na2CO3·H2O in contact with air, nickel ions gradually dissolve from the bulk to form NiO and accumulate on the particle surface as revealed by subnanometer surface-sensitive time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The degradation species on the surface are insulating, leading to an increase in interfacial resistance and declined electrochemical performance. We also demonstrate a feasible surface coating strategy for suppressing the unfavorable degradation process. Understanding the degradation mechanism at a nanoscale can facilitate the future development of high-energy cathodes for sodium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya You
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Wangda Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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21
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You Y, Celio H, Li J, Dolocan A, Manthiram A. Modified High-Nickel Cathodes with Stable Surface Chemistry Against Ambient Air for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6480-6485. [PMID: 29601125 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
High-Ni layered oxides are promising next-generation cathodes for lithium-ion batteries owing to their high capacity and lower cost. However, as the Ni content increases over 70 %, they have a high dynamic affinity towards moisture and CO2 in ambient air, primarily reacting to form LiOH, Li2 CO3 , and LiHCO3 on the surface, which is commonly termed "residual lithium". Air exposure occurs after synthesis as it is common practice to handle and store them under ambient conditions. The air exposure leads to significant performance losses, and hampers the electrode fabrication, impeding their practical viability. Herein, we show that substituting a small amount of Al for Ni in the crystal lattice notably improves the chemical stability against air by limiting the formation of LiOH, Li2 CO3 , LiHCO3 , and NiO in the near-surface region. The Al-doped high-Ni oxides display a high capacity retention with excellent rate capability and cycling stability after being exposed to air for 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya You
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hugo Celio
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jianyu Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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22
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You Y, Celio H, Li J, Dolocan A, Manthiram A. Modified High‐Nickel Cathodes with Stable Surface Chemistry Against Ambient Air for Lithium‐Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya You
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Hugo Celio
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Jianyu Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
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23
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Li Y, Chen X, Dolocan A, Cui Z, Xin S, Xue L, Xu H, Park K, Goodenough JB. Garnet Electrolyte with an Ultralow Interfacial Resistance for Li-Metal Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6448-6455. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sen Xin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Leigang Xue
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Henghui Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kyusung Park
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - John B. Goodenough
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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24
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Wang S, Xu H, Li W, Dolocan A, Manthiram A. Interfacial Chemistry in Solid-State Batteries: Formation of Interphase and Its Consequences. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:250-257. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Henghui Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Wangda Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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25
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Gabbott SE, Donoghue PCJ, Sansom RS, Vinther J, Dolocan A, Purnell MA. Pigmented anatomy in Carboniferous cyclostomes and the evolution of the vertebrate eye. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.1151. [PMID: 27488650 PMCID: PMC5013770 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of vertebrates is linked to the evolution of a camera-style eye and sophisticated visual system. In the absence of useful data from fossils, scenarios for evolutionary assembly of the vertebrate eye have been based necessarily on evidence from development, molecular genetics and comparative anatomy in living vertebrates. Unfortunately, steps in the transition from a light-sensitive ‘eye spot’ in invertebrate chordates to an image-forming camera-style eye in jawed vertebrates are constrained only by hagfish and lampreys (cyclostomes), which are interpreted to reflect either an intermediate or degenerate condition. Here, we report—based on evidence of size, shape, preservation mode and localized occurrence—the presence of melanosomes (pigment-bearing organelles) in fossil cyclostome eyes. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses reveal secondary ions with a relative intensity characteristic of melanin as revealed through principal components analyses. Our data support the hypotheses that extant hagfish eyes are degenerate, not rudimentary, that cyclostomes are monophyletic, and that the ancestral vertebrate had a functional visual system. We also demonstrate integument pigmentation in fossil lampreys, opening up the exciting possibility of investigating colour patterning in Palaeozoic vertebrates. The examples we report add to the record of melanosome preservation in Carboniferous fossils and attest to surprising durability of melanosomes and biomolecular melanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gabbott
- Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | - Robert S Sansom
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 6RT, UK
| | - Jakob Vinther
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mark A Purnell
- Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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26
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Luchkin SY, Akbulatov AF, Frolova LA, Griffin MP, Dolocan A, Gearba R, Vanden Bout DA, Troshin PA, Stevenson KJ. Reversible and Irreversible Electric Field Induced Morphological and Interfacial Transformations of Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:33478-33483. [PMID: 28481102 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report reversible and irreversible strain effects and interfacial atomic mixing in MAPbI3/ITO under influence of external electric bias and photoillumination. Using conductive-probe atomic force microscopy, we locally applied a bias voltage between the MAPbI3/ITO and the conductive tip and observed local dynamic strain effects and current under conditions of forward bias. We found that the reversible part of the strain is associated with a current spike at the current onset stage and can therefore be related to an electrochemical process accompanied by local molar volume change. Similar partly reversible surface deformation was observed when the tip-sample contact was illuminated by light. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry of electrically biased regions revealed massive atomic mixing at the buried MAPbI3/ITO interface, while the top MAPbI3 surface, subjected to strong morphological damage at the tip-surface contact, revealed less significant chemical decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Yu Luchkin
- Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Street 3, Moscow 143026, Russian Federation
| | - Azat F Akbulatov
- The Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Semenov Prospect 1, Chernogolovka 141432, Russian Federation
| | - Lyubov A Frolova
- The Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Semenov Prospect 1, Chernogolovka 141432, Russian Federation
| | - Monroe P Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Raluca Gearba
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - David A Vanden Bout
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Pavel A Troshin
- Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Street 3, Moscow 143026, Russian Federation
- The Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Semenov Prospect 1, Chernogolovka 141432, Russian Federation
| | - Keith J Stevenson
- Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Street 3, Moscow 143026, Russian Federation
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27
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Griffin MP, Gearba R, Stevenson KJ, Vanden Bout DA, Dolocan A. Revealing the Chemistry and Morphology of Buried Donor/Acceptor Interfaces in Organic Photovoltaics. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2764-2773. [PMID: 28562044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of <13% and plagued by stability issues, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) still lack wide adoption, despite significant recent advances. Currently, the most progress in OPV device performance is achieved by "trial-and-error" preparation procedures that lead to complex and largely unknown-despite tremendous analytical efforts-morphologies. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle, chemical imaging methodology that combines experimental high spatial sensitivity and chemical selectivity with theoretical modeling, capable of analyzing the three-dimensional composition and morphology of virtually any device. Allowing the precise measurement of composition and direct visualization of film morphology with depth, our approach reveals the intricate buried donor/acceptor (D/A) interface of a model polymer/fullerene system, poly(3-hexylthiphene-2,5-diyl)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM). In particular, our technique is able to identify and quantify the D/A interface length, that is, the extent of molecular mixing at the D/A interface, a parameter crucial for device performance, yet never measured. Extracting this parameter allows demonstrating that, contrary to the general understanding, when starting with a fully mixed D/A phase in our model system, thermal annealing, which is known to substantially (however limited) increase the device performance by phase segregation, does not create but small amounts of pure phases, leaving the device mostly mixed, which limits the performance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keith J Stevenson
- Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Moscow 14306, Russia
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28
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Meng X, Jin W, Yang H, Dadap JI, Osgood RM, Dolocan A, Sutter P, Camillone N. Two-color field enhancement at an STM junction for spatiotemporally resolved photoemission. Opt Lett 2017; 42:2651-2654. [PMID: 28957307 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements and numerical simulations of ultrafast laser-excited carrier flow across a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) junction. The current from a nanoscopic tungsten tip across a ∼1 nm vacuum gap to a silver surface is driven by a two-color excitation scheme that uses an optical delay-modulation technique to extract the two-color signal from background contributions. The role of optical field enhancements in driving the current is investigated using density functional theory and full three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain computations. We find that simulated field-enhanced two-photon photoemission (2PPE) currents are in excellent agreement with the observed exponential decay of the two-color photoexcited current with increasing tip-surface separation, as well as its optical-delay dependence. The results suggest an approach to 2PPE with simultaneous subpicosecond temporal and nanometer spatial resolution.
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29
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Li W, Kim UH, Dolocan A, Sun YK, Manthiram A. Formation and Inhibition of Metallic Lithium Microstructures in Lithium Batteries Driven by Chemical Crossover. ACS Nano 2017; 11:5853-5863. [PMID: 28502161 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The formation of metallic lithium microstructures in the form of dendrites or mosses at the surface of anode electrodes (e.g., lithium metal, graphite, and silicon) leads to rapid capacity fade and poses grave safety risks in rechargeable lithium batteries. We present here a direct, relative quantitative analysis of lithium deposition on graphite anodes in pouch cells under normal operating conditions, paired with a model cathode material, the layered nickel-rich oxide LiNi0.61Co0.12Mn0.27O2, over the course of 3000 charge-discharge cycles. Secondary-ion mass spectrometry chemically dissects the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on extensively cycled graphite with virtually atomic depth resolution and reveals substantial growth of Li-metal deposits. With the absence of apparent kinetic (e.g., fast charging) or stoichiometric restraints (e.g., overcharge) during cycling, we show lithium deposition on graphite is triggered by certain transition-metal ions (manganese in particular) dissolved from the cathode in a disrupted SEI. This insidious effect is found to initiate at a very early stage of cell operation (<200 cycles) and can be effectively inhibited by substituting a small amount of aluminum (∼1 mol %) in the cathode, resulting in much reduced transition-metal dissolution and drastically improved cyclability. Our results may also be applicable to studying the unstable electrodeposition of lithium on other substrates, including Li metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangda Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Un-Hyuck Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yang-Kook Sun
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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30
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Youn DH, Stauffer SK, Xiao P, Park H, Nam Y, Dolocan A, Henkelman G, Heller A, Mullins CB. Simple Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Tin Sulfide/N-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites as Lithium Ion Battery Anodes. ACS Nano 2016; 10:10778-10788. [PMID: 28024327 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Composites of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NRGO) and nanocrystalline tin sulfides were synthesized, and their performance as lithium ion battery anodes was evaluated. Following the first cycle the composite consisted of Li2S/LixSn/NRGO. The conductive NRGO cushions the stress associated with the expansion of lithiation of Sn, and the noncycling Li2S increases the residual Coulombic capacity of the cycled anode because (a) Sn domains in the composite formed of unsupported SnS2 expand only by 63% while those in the composite formed of unsupported SnS expand by 91% and (b) Li percolates rapidly at the boundary between the Li2S and LixSn nanodomains. The best cycling SnS2/NRGO-derived composite retained a specific capacity of 562 mAh g-1 at the 200th cycle at 0.2 A g-1 rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duck Hyun Youn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Center for Electrochemistry, University of Texas at Austin , 1 University Station, C0400 Austin, Texas 78712-0231, United States
| | - Shannon K Stauffer
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
| | - Penghao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
| | - Hunmin Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Yejin Nam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Center for Electrochemistry, University of Texas at Austin , 1 University Station, C0400 Austin, Texas 78712-0231, United States
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1591, United States
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
| | - Adam Heller
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Center for Electrochemistry, University of Texas at Austin , 1 University Station, C0400 Austin, Texas 78712-0231, United States
| | - C Buddie Mullins
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Center for Electrochemistry, University of Texas at Austin , 1 University Station, C0400 Austin, Texas 78712-0231, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1591, United States
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31
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Clements T, Dolocan A, Martin P, Purnell MA, Vinther J, Gabbott SE. The eyes of Tullimonstrum reveal a vertebrate affinity. Nature 2016; 532:500-3. [PMID: 27074512 DOI: 10.1038/nature17647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tullimonstrum gregarium is an iconic soft-bodied fossil from the Carboniferous Mazon Creek Lagerstätte (Illinois, USA). Despite a large number of specimens and distinct anatomy, various analyses over the past five decades have failed to determine the phylogenetic affinities of the 'Tully monster', and although it has been allied to such disparate phyla as the Mollusca, Annelida or Chordata, it remains enigmatic. The nature and phylogenetic affinities of Tullimonstrum have defied confident systematic placement because none of its preserved anatomy provides unequivocal evidence of homology, without which comparative analysis fails. Here we show that the eyes of Tullimonstrum possess ultrastructural details indicating homology with vertebrate eyes. Anatomical analysis using scanning electron microscopy reveals that the eyes of Tullimonstrum preserve a retina defined by a thick sheet comprising distinct layers of spheroidal and cylindrical melanosomes. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and multivariate statistics provide further evidence that these microbodies are melanosomes. A range of animals have melanin in their eyes, but the possession of melanosomes of two distinct morphologies arranged in layers, forming retinal pigment epithelium, is a synapomorphy of vertebrates. Our analysis indicates that in addition to evidence of colour patterning, ecology and thermoregulation, fossil melanosomes can also carry a phylogenetic signal. Identification in Tullimonstrum of spheroidal and cylindrical melanosomes forming the remains of retinal pigment epithelium indicates that it is a vertebrate; considering its body parts in this new light suggests it was an anatomically unusual member of total group Vertebrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clements
- Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Peter Martin
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK.,Interface Analysis Centre, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Mark A Purnell
- Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Jakob Vinther
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Sarah E Gabbott
- Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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32
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Chou H, Ismach A, Ghosh R, Ruoff RS, Dolocan A. Corrigendum: Revealing the planar chemistry of two-dimensional heterostructures at the atomic level. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8229. [PMID: 26294006 PMCID: PMC4560808 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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33
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Elko-Hansen TDM, Dolocan A, Ekerdt JG. Atomic Interdiffusion and Diffusive Stabilization of Cobalt by Copper During Atomic Layer Deposition from Bis(N-tert-butyl-N'-ethylpropionamidinato) Cobalt(II). J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:1091-1095. [PMID: 26274454 DOI: 10.1021/jz500281k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electromigration of copper in integrated circuits leads to device failure. Potential solutions involve capping the copper with ultrathin cobalt films. We report the properties of cobalt films after deposition on polycrystalline Cu at 265 °C by atomic layer deposition from H2 and bis(N-tert-butyl-N'-ethylpropionamidinato) cobalt(II) (CoAMD). We find intermixing of Co and Cu producing a transition layer on the Cu nearly as thick as the Co-rich overlayer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling reveal that a finite amount of Cu continuously segregates to the progressing Co surface, minimizing the free surface energy, throughout deposition up to at least 16 nm. The Cu-stabilized Co film initially follows 2D growth and strain-relieving 3D crystal formation is apparent beyond 2 nm of film growth. Depth profiling indicates that Cu likely diffuses within the Co film and along the polycrystalline Co grain boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D-M Elko-Hansen
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - John G Ekerdt
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
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34
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Berglund SP, He H, Chemelewski WD, Celio H, Dolocan A, Mullins CB. p-Si/W2C and p-Si/W2C/Pt Photocathodes for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1535-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ja411604k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Huichao He
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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35
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Zimmerman JD, Lassiter BE, Xiao X, Sun K, Dolocan A, Gearba R, Vanden Bout DA, Stevenson KJ, Wickramasinghe P, Thompson ME, Forrest SR. Control of interface order by inverse quasi-epitaxial growth of squaraine/fullerene thin film photovoltaics. ACS Nano 2013; 7:9268-9275. [PMID: 23991668 DOI: 10.1021/nn403897d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that interface morphology affects the recombination rate for electrons and holes at donor-acceptor heterojunctions in thin film organic photovoltaic cells. The optimal morphology is one where there is disorder at the heterointerface and order in the bulk of the thin films, maximizing both the short circuit current and open circuit voltage. We show that an amorphous, buried functionalized molecular squaraine donor layer can undergo an "inverted" quasi-epitaxial growth during postdeposition processing, whereby crystallization is seeded by a subsequently deposited self-assembled nanocrystalline acceptor C60 cap layer. We call this apparently unprecedented growth process from a buried interface "inverse quasi-epitaxy" where the crystallites of these "soft" van der Waals bonded materials are only approximately aligned to those of the cap. The resulting crystalline interface hastens charge recombination, thereby reducing the open circuit voltage in an organic photovoltaic cell. The lattice registration also facilitates interdiffusion of the squaraine donor and C60 acceptor, which dramatically improves the short circuit current. By controlling the extent to which this crystallization occurs, the voltage losses can be minimized, resulting in power conversion efficiencies of ηP = 5.4 ± 0.3% for single-junction and ηP = 8.3 ± 0.4% for tandem small-molecule photovoltaics. This is a general phenomenon with implications for all organic donor-acceptor junctions. That is, epitaxial relationships typically result in a reduction in open circuit voltage that must be avoided in both bilayer and bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeramy D Zimmerman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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36
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Li Q, Chou H, Zhong JH, Liu JY, Dolocan A, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Ruoff RS, Chen S, Cai W. Growth of adlayer graphene on Cu studied by carbon isotope labeling. Nano Lett 2013; 13:486-490. [PMID: 23278710 DOI: 10.1021/nl303879k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The growth of bilayer and multilayer graphene on copper foils was studied by isotopic labeling of the methane precursor. Isotope-labeled graphene films were characterized by micro-Raman mapping and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Our investigation shows that during growth at high temperature, the adlayers formed simultaneously and beneath the top, continuous layer of graphene and the Cu substrate. Additionally, the adlayers share the same nucleation center and all adlayers nucleating in one place have the same edge termination. These results suggest that adlayer growth proceeds by catalytic decomposition of methane (or CH(x), x < 4) trapped in a "nano-chemical vapor deposition" chamber between the first layer and the substrate. On the basis of these results, submillimeter bilayer graphene was synthesized by applying a much lower growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Li
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Nanoscale Condense Matter Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
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García S, Anderson RM, Celio H, Dahal N, Dolocan A, Zhou J, Humphrey SM. Microwave synthesis of Au–Rh core–shell nanoparticles and implications of the shell thickness in hydrogenation catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4241-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40387d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sai N, Gearba R, Dolocan A, Tritsch JR, Chan WL, Chelikowsky JR, Leung K, Zhu X. Understanding the Interface Dipole of Copper Phthalocyanine (CuPc)/C60: Theory and Experiment. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:2173-2177. [PMID: 26295767 DOI: 10.1021/jz300744r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Interface dipole determines the electronic energy alignment in donor/acceptor interfaces and plays an important role in organic photovoltaics. Here we present a study combining first principles density functional theory (DFT) with ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) to investigate the interface dipole, energy level alignment, and structural properties at the interface between CuPc and C60. DFT finds a sizable interface dipole for the face-on orientation, in quantitative agreement with the UPS measurement, and rules out charge transfer as the origin of the interface dipole. Using TOF-SIMS, we show that the interfacial morphology for the bilayer CuPc/C60 film is characterized by molecular intermixing, containing both the face-on and the edge-on orientation. The complementary experimental and theoretical results provide both insight into the origin of the interface dipole and direct evidence for the effect of interfacial morphology on the interface dipole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sai
- †Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC:CST), The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Raluca Gearba
- †Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC:CST), The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- ‡Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | | | - Wai-Lun Chan
- †Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC:CST), The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | | | - Kevin Leung
- ∥Sandia National Laboratory, MS1415, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- †Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC:CST), The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Chan WL, Tritsch J, Dolocan A, Ligges M, Miaja-Avila L, Zhu XY. Communication: Momentum-resolved quantum interference in optically excited surface states. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:031101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3615541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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David C, Nöhammer B, Solak HH, Glaus F, Haas B, Grubelnik A, Dolocan A, Ziegler E, Hignette O, Burghammer M, Kaulich B, Susini J, Bongaerts JH, van der Veen JF. Diffractive soft and hard X-ray optics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:200300055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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