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Zhang C, Qi G, Kong J, Diao X, Ju X, Wang J, Dong S, Jin Y. Label-Free Single-Cell SERS Detection and Fluorescence Imaging of Molecular Responses to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress under Electrical Stimulation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17716-17725. [PMID: 38008927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is one of the most important organelles in eukaryotic cells, in which most proteins and lipids are synthesized to regulate complex cellular processes. Generally, the excessive accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins can disturb ER homeostasis and induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Howbeit, the molecular stress responses within ERS and metastatic behaviors of tumor cells during electrical stimulation (ES) are still poorly investigated and remain a challenge. In this study, by the combined use of fluorescence imaging, ER-targeting plasmonic nanoprobes were developed to trace molecular stress response profiling within the ER during a constant-voltage ES process at ∼1 V based on label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The excess accumulation of β-misfolded proteins was found after the ES, leading to breaking of the ER homeostasis and further inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, the excessive stress of ER under ES can destroy the calcium ion balance and induce significant upregulation of calreticulin expression. Importantly, the content ratio of two kinds of cadherin between E-cadherin and N-cadherin was gradually improved with the voltages boosted. Meanwhile, the epithelial adhesion factor expression was ascended with voltages amplified, leading to inhibiting tumor cell migration at low voltages or death under higher voltages (∼1 V). This study provides cellular insights into the ES approach for tumor therapy and also provides a simple and effective method for detecting molecular stress responses in endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Qi
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Kong
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xingkang Diao
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xingkai Ju
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Shaojun Dong
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yongdong Jin
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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Pollmann EH, Yin H, Uguz I, Dubey A, Wingel KE, Choi JS, Moazeni S, Gilhotra Y, Pavlovsky VA, Banees A, Boominathan V, Robinson J, Veeraraghavan A, Pieribone VA, Pesaran B, Shepard KL. Subdural CMOS optical probe (SCOPe) for bidirectional neural interfacing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.07.527500. [PMID: 36798295 PMCID: PMC9934536 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.07.527500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical neurotechnologies use light to interface with neurons and can monitor and manipulate neural activity with high spatial-temporal precision over large cortical extents. While there has been significant progress in miniaturizing microscope for head-mounted configurations, these existing devices are still very bulky and could never be fully implanted. Any viable translation of these technologies to human use will require a much more noninvasive, fully implantable form factor. Here, we leverage advances in microelectronics and heterogeneous optoelectronic packaging to develop a transformative, ultrathin, miniaturized device for bidirectional optical stimulation and recording: the subdural CMOS Optical Probe (SCOPe). By being thin enough to lie entirely within the subdural space of the primate brain, SCOPe defines a path for the eventual human translation of a new generation of brain-machine interfaces based on light.
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Mukunda DC, Rodrigues J, Joshi VK, Raghushaker CR, Mahato KK. A comprehensive review on LED-induced fluorescence in diagnostic pathology. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 209:114230. [PMID: 35421670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity, specificity, mobility, and affordability are important criteria to consider for developing diagnostic instruments in common use. Fluorescence spectroscopy has been demonstrating substantial potential in the clinical diagnosis of diseases and evaluating the underlying causes of pathogenesis. A higher degree of device integration with appropriate sensitivity and reasonable cost would further boost the value of the fluorescence techniques in clinical diagnosis and aid in the reduction of healthcare expenses, which is a key economic concern in emerging markets. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which are inexpensive and smaller are attractive alternatives to conventional excitation sources in fluorescence spectroscopy, are gaining a lot of momentum in the development of affordable, compact analytical instruments of clinical relevance. The commercial availability of a broad range of LED wavelengths (255-4600 nm) has opened up new avenues for targeting a wide range of clinically significant molecules (both endogenous and exogenous), thereby diagnosing a range of clinical illnesses. As a result, we have specifically examined the uses of LED-induced fluorescence (LED-IF) in preclinical and clinical evaluations of pathological conditions, considering the present advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackson Rodrigues
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Joshi
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Chandavalli Ramappa Raghushaker
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Krishna Kishore Mahato
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India.
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Tenopala-Carmona F, Lee OS, Crovini E, Neferu AM, Murawski C, Olivier Y, Zysman-Colman E, Gather MC. Identification of the Key Parameters for Horizontal Transition Dipole Orientation in Fluorescent and TADF Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100677. [PMID: 34338351 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), horizontal orientation of the emissive transition dipole moment (TDM) can improve light outcoupling efficiency by up to 50% relative to random orientation. Therefore, there have been extensive efforts to identify drivers of horizontal orientation. The aspect ratio of the emitter molecule and the glass-transition temperature (Tg ) of the films are currently regarded as particularly important. However, there remains a paucity of systematic studies that establish the extent to which these and other parameters control orientation in the wide range of emitter systems relevant for state-of-the-art OLEDs. Here, recent work on molecular orientation of fluorescent and thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters in vacuum-processed OLEDs is reviewed. Additionally, to identify parameters linked to TDM orientation, a meta-analysis of 203 published emitter systems is conducted and combined with density-functional theory calculations. Molecular weight (MW) and linearity are identified as key parameters in neat systems. In host-guest systems with low-MW emitters, orientation is mostly influenced by the host Tg , whereas the length and MW of the emitter become more relevant for systems involving higher-MW emitters. To close, a perspective of where the field must advance to establish a comprehensive model of molecular orientation is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Tenopala-Carmona
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, 50939, Köln, Germany
| | - Oliver S Lee
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Ettore Crovini
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Ana M Neferu
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Caroline Murawski
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale & Laboratoire de Physique du Solide, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Malte C Gather
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, 50939, Köln, Germany
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Zheng Y, Chen J, Li W, Wang C, Peng J, Wei B, Li X. Improved green thermal activated delayed fluorescence OLEDs based on thermally evaporated distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) of MgF 2/ZnS. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:455203. [PMID: 34415853 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1b51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the traditional fabrication of distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure via atomic layer deposition or spin-coating, here the 1-6 pairs of magnesium fluoride (MgF2)/zinc sulfide (ZnS) alternative dielectric layers were grown via thermal evaporation. The absorption, transmission, reflection, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were evaluated. 5 pair MgF2/ZnS denotes the largest reflectance (88.5% at 535 nm) together with a stopband at 450-650 nm among the 1- 6 pair dielectric layers, exhibiting the potential for using as DBR. Relative to the bare 4,4'-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl(CBP):(4s,6s)-2,4,5,6-tetra(9H-carbazol-9-yl) isophthalonitrile (4CzIPN) film, the PL intensity of CBP:4CzIPN/5 pair MgF2/ZnS DBR is enhanced and splitted into two peaks. The 5 pair alternative dielectric film presents more uniform aggregation over 4 pair MgF2/ZnS. The cross-sectional scanning electron microscopic image denotes explicit layering for the MgF2and ZnS. The organic light-emitting diode (OLED) incorporating 5 pair MgF2/ZnS DBR layers illustrates significantly improved electroluminescent (EL) performance due to the photons concentrated in the direction perpendicular to the DBR. The slightly narrowed EL spectrum is originated from the microcavity effect between the two Al electrodes. Here we develop a universal method for the DBR fabrication suitable to most of OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Juncong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xifeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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Fu X, Mehta Y, Chen YA, Lei L, Zhu L, Barange N, Dong Q, Yin S, Mendes J, He S, Gogusetti R, Chang CH, So F. Directional Polarized Light Emission from Thin-Film Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006801. [PMID: 33511698 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with directional and polarized light emission have many photonic applications, and beam shaping of these devices is fundamentally challenging because they are Lambertian light sources. In this work, using organic and perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) for demonstrations, by selectively diffracting the transverse electric (TE) waveguide mode while suppressing other optical modes in a nanostructured LED, the authors first demonstrate highly directional light emission from a full-area organic LED with a small divergence angle less than 3° and a TE to transverse magnetic (TM) polarization extinction ratio of 13. The highly selective diffraction of only the TE waveguide mode is possible due to the planarization of the device stack by thermal evaporation and solution processing. Using this strategy, directional and polarized emission from a perovskite LED having a current efficiency 2.6 times compared to the reference planar device is further demonstrated. This large enhancement in efficiency in the PeLED is attributed to a larger contribution from the TE waveguide mode resulting from the high refractive index in perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Yash Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Liping Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Nilesh Barange
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Shichen Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Juliana Mendes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Siliang He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Renuka Gogusetti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Franky So
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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7
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Keum C, Murawski C, Archer E, Kwon S, Mischok A, Gather MC. A substrateless, flexible, and water-resistant organic light-emitting diode. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6250. [PMID: 33288769 PMCID: PMC7721873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite widespread interest, ultrathin and highly flexible light-emitting devices that can be seamlessly integrated and used for flexible displays, wearables, and as bioimplants remain elusive. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with µm-scale thickness and exceptional flexibility have been demonstrated but show insufficient stability in air and moist environments due to a lack of suitable encapsulation barriers. Here, we demonstrate an efficient and stable OLED with a total thickness of ≈ 12 µm that can be fully immersed in water or cell nutrient media for weeks without suffering substantial degradation. The active layers of the device are embedded between conformal barriers formed by alternating layers of parylene-C and metal oxides that are deposited through a low temperature chemical vapour process. These barriers also confer stability of the OLED to repeated bending and to extensive postprocessing, e.g. via reactive gas plasmas, organic solvents, and photolithography. This unprecedented robustness opens up a wide range of novel possibilities for ultrathin OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Keum
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Caroline Murawski
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Kurt-Schwabe-Institut für Mess- und Sensortechnik Meinsberg e.V., Waldheim, Germany
| | - Emily Archer
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Seonil Kwon
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Andreas Mischok
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Malte C Gather
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
- Centre for Nanobiophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.
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