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Jiao F, Lin C, Dong L, Mao X, Wu Y, Dong F, Zhang Z, Sun J, Li S, Yang X, Liu K, Wang L, Shan CX. Silicon Vacancies Diamond/Silk/PVA Hierarchical Physical Unclonable Functions for Multi-Level Encryption. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2308337. [PMID: 38572504 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have emerged as a promising encryption technology, utilizing intrinsic physical identifiers that offer enhanced security and tamper resistance. Multi-level PUFs boost system complexity, thereby improving system reliability and fault tolerance. However, crosstalk-free multi-level PUFs remain a persistent challenge. In this study, a hierarchical PUF system that harnesses the spontaneous phase separation of silk fibroin /PVA blend and the random distribution of silicon-vacancy diamonds within the blend is presented. The thermodynamic instability of phase separation and inherent unpredictability of diamond dispersion gives rise to intricate random patterns at two distinct scales, enabling time-efficient hierarchical authentication for cryptographic keys. These patterns are complementary yet independent, inherently resistant to replication and damage thus affording robust security and reliability to the proposed system. Furthermore, customized authentication algorithms are constructed: visual PUFs authentication utilizes neural network combined structural similarity index measure, while spectral PUFs authentication employs Hamming distance and cross-correlation bit operation. This hierarchical PUF system attains a high recognition rate without interscale crosstalk. Additionally, the coding capacity is exponentially enhanced using M-ary encoding to reinforce multi-level encryption. Hierarchical PUFs hold significant potential for immediate application, offering unprecedented data protection and cryptographic key authentication capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhang Jiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Chaonan Lin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Lin Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xin Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fuying Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Junlu Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Shunfang Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xun Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
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Cheng H, Qu J, Mao W, Chen S, Dong H. Continuous-Wave Pumped Monolayer WS 2 Lasing for Photonic Barcoding. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:614. [PMID: 38607148 PMCID: PMC11013185 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Micro/nano photonic barcoding has emerged as a promising technology for information security and anti-counterfeiting applications owing to its high security and robust tamper resistance. However, the practical application of conventional micro/nano photonic barcodes is constrained by limitations in encoding capacity and identification verification (e.g., broad emission bandwidth and the expense of pulsed lasers). Herein, we propose high-capacity photonic barcode labels by leveraging continuous-wave (CW) pumped monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) lasing. Large-area, high-quality monolayer WS2 films were grown via a vapor deposition method and coupled with external cavities to construct optically pumped microlasers, thus achieving an excellent CW-pumped lasing with a narrow linewidth (~0.39 nm) and a low threshold (~400 W cm-2) at room temperature. Each pixel within the photonic barcode labels consists of closely packed WS2 microlasers of varying sizes, demonstrating high-density and nonuniform multiple-mode lasing signals that facilitate barcode encoding. Notably, CW operation and narrow-linewidth lasing emission could significantly simplify detection. As proof of concept, a 20-pixel label exhibits a high encoding capacity (2.35 × 10108). This work may promote the advancement of two-dimensional materials micro/nanolasers and offer a promising platform for information encoding and security applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (H.C.); (J.Q.)
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Junyu Qu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (H.C.); (J.Q.)
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wangqi Mao
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Shula Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (H.C.); (J.Q.)
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hongxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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3
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Sun N, Chen Z, Wang Y, Wang S, Xie Y, Liu Q. Random fractal-enabled physical unclonable functions with dynamic AI authentication. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2185. [PMID: 37069144 PMCID: PMC10110537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A physical unclonable function (PUF) is a foundation of anti-counterfeiting processes due to its inherent uniqueness. However, the self-limitation of conventional graphical/spectral PUFs in materials often makes it difficult to have both high code flexibility and high environmental stability in practice. In this study, we propose a universal, fractal-guided film annealing strategy to realize the random Au network-based PUFs that can be designed on demand in complexity, enabling the tags' intrinsic uniqueness and stability. A dynamic deep learning-based authentication system with an expandable database is built to identify and trace the PUFs, achieving an efficient and reliable authentication with 0% "false positives". Based on the roughening-enabled plasmonic network platform, Raman-based chemical encoding is conceptionally demonstrated, showing the potential for improvements in security. The configurable tags in mass production can serve as competitive PUF carriers for high-level anti-counterfeiting and data encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningfei Sun
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanke Wang
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, 76344, Germany
| | - Shu Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yong Xie
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Systems and Equipment Electromagnetic Environment Effect, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Yang S, Feng X, Xu B, Lin R, Xu Y, Chen S, Wang Z, Wang X, Meng X, Gao Z. Directional Self-Assembly of Facet-Aligned Organic Hierarchical Super-Heterostructures for Spatially Resolved Photonic Barcodes. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6341-6349. [PMID: 36951368 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic multicolor heterostructures with spatially resolved luminescent colors and identifiable patterns have exhibited considerable potential for achieving micro-/nanoscale photonic barcodes. Nevertheless, such types of barcodes reported thus far are exclusively based on a single heterostructure with limited coding elements. Here, a directional self-assembly strategy is proposed to achieve high-coding-capacity spatially resolved photonic barcodes through rationally constructing organic hierarchical super-heterostructures, where numerous subheterostructure blocks with flat hexagonal facets are precisely oriented with their specific facets via a reconfigurable capillary force. The building blocks were prepared through a one-pot sequential heteroepitaxial growth, which enables the effective modulation of the structural and color characteristics in coding structures. Significantly, a directional facet-to-facet attraction between particles via facet registration leads to the formation of well-defined 1D super-heterostructures, which contain multiple coding elements, thus providing a good platform for constructing the high-coding-capacity photonic barcodes. The results may be useful in fabricating organic hierarchical hybrid super-heterostructures for security labels and optical data recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwei Feng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyuan Xu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Lin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Xu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunwei Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifei Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangeng Meng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Wang R, Liang K, Wang S, Cao Y, Xin Y, Peng Y, Ma X, Zhu B, Wang H, Hao Y. Printable Epsilon-Type Structure Transistor Arrays with Highly Reliable Physical Unclonable Functions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210621. [PMID: 36734053 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Printed electronics promises to drive the future data-intensive technologies, with its potential to fabricate novel devices over a large area with low cost on nontraditional substrates. In these emerging technologies, there exists a large digital information flow, which requires secure communication and authentication. Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) offer a promising built-in hardware-security system comparable to biometrical data, which can be constructed by device-specific intrinsic variations in the additive manufacturing process of active devices. However, printed PUFs typically exploit the inherent variation in layer thickness and roughness of active devices. The current in devices with enough significant changes to increase the robustness to external environment noise is still a challenge. Here, printable epsilon-type-structure indium tin oxide transistor arrays are demonstrated to construct high-reliability PUFs by modifying the coffee-ring structure. The epsilon-type structure improves the printing scalability, film quality, and device reliability. Furthermore, the print-induced uncertainty along the channel thickness and length can lead to changes in the carrier concentration. Notably, the randomly distributed printing droplets in a small area significantly increase this uncertainty. As a result, the PUFs exhibit near-ideal uniformity, uniqueness, randomness, and reliability. Additionally, the PUFs are resilient against machine-learning-based attacks with a prediction accuracy of only 55% without postprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Kun Liang
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Saisai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Yaxiong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Yuhan Xin
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Yaqian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Yue Hao
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
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Sun H, Maji S, Chandrakasan AP, Marelli B. Integrating biopolymer design with physical unclonable functions for anticounterfeiting and product traceability in agriculture. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf1978. [PMID: 36947609 PMCID: PMC10032598 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Smallholder farmers and manufacturers in the Agri-Food sector face substantial challenges because of increasing circulation of counterfeit products (e.g., seeds), for which current countermeasures are implemented mainly at the secondary packaging level, and are generally vulnerable because of limited security guarantees. Here, by integrating biopolymer design with physical unclonable functions (PUFs), we propose a cryptographic protocol for seed authentication using biodegradable and miniaturized PUF tags made of silk microparticles. By simply drop casting a mixture of variant silk microparticles on a seed surface, tamper-evident PUF tags can be seamlessly fabricated on a variety of seeds, where the unclonability comes from the stochastic assembly of spectrally and visually distinct silk microparticles in the tag. Unique, reproducible, and unpredictable PUF codes are generated from both Raman mapping and microscopy imaging of the silk tags. Together, the proposed technology offers a highly secure solution for anticounterfeiting and product traceability in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Saurav Maji
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anantha P. Chandrakasan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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7
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Kim MS, Lee GJ. Visually Hidden, Self-Assembled Porous Polymers for Optical Physically Unclonable Functions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4477-4486. [PMID: 36633500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the advancement of security technologies, several encryption methods have been proposed. Despite such efforts, forging artifices is financially and somatically becoming a constraint for individuals and society (e.g., imprinting replicas of luxury goods or directly life-connected medicines). Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) are one of the promising solutions to address these personal and social issues. The unreplicability of PUFs is a crucial factor for high security levels. Here, this study proposes a visually hidden and self-assembled porous polymer (VSPP) as a tag for optical PUF systems. The VSPP has virtues in terms of wavelength dependency, lens-free compact PUF system, and simple/affordable fabrication processes (i.e., spin coating and annealing). The VSPP consists of an external saturated surface, which covers the inner structures, and an internally abundant porous layer, which triggers stochastic multiple Mie scattering with wavelength dependency. We theoretically and experimentally validate the unobservability of the VSPP and the uniqueness of optical responses by image sensors. Finally, we establish a wavelength-dependent PUF system by using the following three components: solid-state light sources, a VSPP tag, and an image sensor. The captured raw images by the sensor serve as "seed" for unique bit sequences. The robustness of our system is successfully confirmed in terms of bit uniformity (∼0.5), intra/interdevice Hamming distances (∼0.04/∼0.5), and randomness (using NIST test).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seong Kim
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Ju Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
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Chen Y, Zheng C, Yang W, Li J, Jin F, Li X, Wang J, Jiang L. Over 200 °C Broad-Temperature Lasers Reconstructed from a Blue-Phase Polymer Scaffold. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206580. [PMID: 36189900 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Blue-phase liquid crystal (BPLC) lasers have received extensive attention and have potential applications in sensors, displays, and anti-counterfeiting, owing to their unique 3D photonic bandgap. However, the working temperature range of such BPLC lasers is insufficient, and investigations are required to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Herein, a broad-temperature reconstructed laser is successfully achieved in dye-doped polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals (DD-PSBPLCs) with an unprecedented working temperature range of 25-230 °C based on a robust polymer scaffold, which combines the thermal stability and the tunability from the system. The broad-temperature lasing stems from the high thermal stability of the robust polymerized system used, which affords enough reflected and matched fluorescence signals. The temperature-tunable lasing behavior of the DD-PSBPLCs is associated with the phase transition of the unpolymerized content (≈60 wt%) in the system, which endows with a reconstructed characteristic of BP lasers including a U-shaped lasing threshold, a reversible lasing wavelength, and an obvious lasing enhancement at about 70 °C. This work not only provides a new idea for the design of broad-temperature BPLC lasers, but also sets out important insight in innovative microstructure changes for novel multifunctional organic optic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Material Sciences and Optoelectronics Engineering, School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101407, China
| | - Chenglin Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Material Sciences and Optoelectronics Engineering, School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101407, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Material Sciences and Optoelectronics Engineering, School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101407, China
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Feng Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Jingxia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Material Sciences and Optoelectronics Engineering, School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101407, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Material Sciences and Optoelectronics Engineering, School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101407, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
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9
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Prasetyanto EA, Wasisto HS, Septiadi D. Cellular lasers for cell imaging and biosensing. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:39-51. [PMID: 35314365 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to produce laser action involving biomaterials, in particular (single) biological cells, has fostered the development of cellular lasers as a novel approach in biophotonics. In this respect, cells that are engineered to carry gain medium (e.g., fluorescent dyes or proteins) are placed inside an optical cavity (i.e., typically a sandwich of highly reflective mirrors), allowing the generation of stimulated emission upon sufficient optical pumping. In another scenario, micron-sized optical resonators supporting whispering-gallery mode (WGM) or semiconductor-based laser probes can be internalized by the cells and support light amplification. This review summarizes the recent advances in the fields of biolasers and cellular lasers, and most importantly, highlights their potential applications in the fields of in vitro and in vivo cell imaging and analysis. They include biosensing (e.g., in vitro detection of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration), cancer cell imaging, laser-emission-based microscope, cell tracking, cell distinction study, and tissue contraction monitoring in zebrafish. Lastly, several fundamental issues in developing cellular lasers including laser probe fabrication, biocompatibility of the system, and alteration of local refractive index of optical cavities due to protein absorption or probe aggregation are described. Cellular lasers are foreseen as a promising tool to study numerous biological and biophysical phenomena. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biolasers are generation of laser involving biological materials. Biomaterials, including single cells, can be engineered to incorporate laser probes or fluorescent proteins or fluorophores, and the resulting light emission can be coupled to optical resonator, allowing generation of cellular laser emission upon optical pumping. Unlike fluorescence, this stimulated emission is very sensitive and is capable of detecting small alterations in the optical property of the cells and their environment. In this review, recent development and applications of cellular lasers in the fields of in vitro and in vivo cell imaging, cell tracking, biosensing, and cell/tissue analysis are highlighted. Several challenges in developing cellular lasers including probe fabrication and biocompatibility as well as alteration of cellular environment are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko Adi Prasetyanto
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University, Jl. Pluit Raya 2, Jakarta 14440, Indonesia
| | | | - Dedy Septiadi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
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Wang C, Yan Z, Gong C, Xie H, Qiao Z, Yuan Z, Chen YC. Multicolor Light Mixing in Optofluidic Concave Interfaces for Anticounterfeiting with Deep Learning Authentication. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10927-10935. [PMID: 35172572 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anticounterfeiting technology has received tremendous interest for its significance in daily necessities, medical industry, and high-end products. Confidential tags based on photoluminescence are one of the most widely used approaches for their vivid visualization and high throughput. However, the complexity of confidential tags is generally limited to the accessibility of inks and their spatial location; generating an infinite combination of emission colors is therefore a challenging task. Here, we demonstrate a concept to create complex color light mixing in a confined space formed by microscale optofluidic concave interfaces. Infinite color combination and capacity were generated through chaotic behavior of light mixing and interaction in an ininkjet-printed skydome structure. Through the chaotic mixing of emission intensity, wavelength, and light propagation trajectories, the visionary patterns serve as a highly unclonable label. Finally, a deep learning-based machine vision system was built for the authentication process. The developed anticounterfeiting system may provide inspiration for utilizing space color mixing in optical security and communication applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Yan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Hui Xie
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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11
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Dong H, Zhang C, Zhou W, Yao J, Zhao YS. Differential Polymer Chain Scission Enables Free-Standing Microcavity Laser Arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107611. [PMID: 34967981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Control over material architectures is essential to the performance of photonic devices and systems. Optical isolation of the photonic materials from substrates can significantly enhance their performance but suffers from complicated fabrication processes and limited applications. Here a differential polymer chain scission strategy is proposed to fabricate free-standing photonic structures based on one-step electron-beam direct writing on polymer bilayers (EOB). The polymer molecular mass-dependent sensitivity to electron beam enables differential patterning of the two layers of polymers, leading to the direct formation of suspended optical microcavities. The EOB technique features high materials compatibility and design flexibility for the optical microcavities, which significantly expands the application scope of the suspended optical microcavities. As well as providing a versatile strategy for building high-performance photonic materials, the results provide a promising platform for innovative applications of optical microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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12
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Gong X, Qiao Z, Liao Y, Zhu S, Shi L, Kim M, Chen YC. Enzyme-Programmable Microgel Lasers for Information Encoding and Anti-Counterfeiting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107809. [PMID: 34918404 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microscale laser emissions have emerged as a promising approach for information encoding and anti-counterfeiting for their feature-rich spectra and high sensitivity to the surrounding environment. Compared with artificial materials, natural responsive biomaterials enable a higher level of complexity and versatile ways for tailoring optical responses. However, precise control of lasing wavelengths and spatial locations with biomolecules remains a huge challenge. Here, a biologically programmable laser, in which the lasing can be manipulated by biomolecular activities at the nanoscale, is developed. Tunable lasing wavelengths are achieved by exploiting the swelling properties of enzyme-responsive hydrogel droplets in a Fabry-Pérot microcavity. Both experimental and theoretical means demonstrate that inner 3D network structures and external curvature of the hydrogel droplets lead to different lasing thresholds and resonance wavelengths. Finally, inkjet-printed multiwavelength laser encoding and anti-counterfeiting are showcased under different scalabilities and environments. Hyperspectral laser images are utilized as an advanced feature for a higher level of security. The biologically encoded laser will provide a new insight into the development of biosynthetic and bioprogrammable laser devices, offering new opportunities for secure communication and smart sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yikai Liao
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lei Shi
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Munho Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
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13
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Gan Z, Chen F, Li Q, Li M, Zhang J, Lu X, Tang L, Wang Z, Shi Q, Zhang W, Huang W. Reconfigurable Optical Physical Unclonable Functions Enabled by VO 2 Nanocrystal Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:5785-5796. [PMID: 35044155 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical physical unclonable function (PUF) is one of the most promising hardware security solutions, which has been proven to be resistant to machine learning attacks. However, the disordered structures of the traditional optical PUFs are usually deterministic once they are manufactured and therefore exhibit fixed challenge-response behaviors. Herein, a reconfigurable PUF (R-PUF) is proposed and demonstrated by using the reversible phase transition behavior of VO2 nanocrystals combined with TiO2 disordered nanoparticles. Both the simulation and experiment results show that the near-infrared laser speckle pattern of the R-PUF can be almost completely altered after the phase transition of VO2 nanocrystals, resulting in a reconfigurable and reproducible optical response. The similarity of the response speckles shows an obvious hysteresis loop during the rise and drop of temperature, providing a simple way to regulate and control the response behaviors of the R-PUF. More importantly, the hysteretic characteristic provides a new dimension to describe the challenge-response behavior of the R-PUF besides the laser speckle, providing an effective way to improve the security and encoding capacity of the optical PUFs. The proposed R-PUF can be employed as a promising security primitive for high robustness and high-security authentication and encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixin Gan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Feiliang Chen
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731 China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Qian Li
- Microsystem and Terahertz Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Mo Li
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731 China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731 China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xueguang Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Lu Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Zhao Wang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731 China
| | - Qiwu Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Weili Zhang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731 China
| | - Wanxia Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 China
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