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Zhang W, Zheng J, Ren Z, Wang J, Luo J, Wang Y, Tao X, Liu T. Anode-Free Sodium Metal Pouch Cell Using Cu 3P Nanowires In Situ Grown on Current Collector. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310347. [PMID: 38174663 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Anode-free sodium metal battery (AFSMB) promises high energy density but suffers from the difficulty of maintaining high cycling stability. Nonuniform sodium (Na) deposition on the current collector is largely responsible for capacity decay in the cycling process of AFSMB. Here, a unique copper phosphide (Cu3P) nanowire is constructed on copper (Cu3P@Cu) as a sodium deposition substrate by an in situ growth method. Superior electrochemical performance of Cu3P@Cu anode is delivered in asymmetric cells with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.8% for over 800 cycles at 1 mA cm-2 with 1 mA h cm-2. The symmetric cell of Cu3P@Cu displayed a cycling lifespan of over 2000 h at 2 mA cm-2 with 1 mA h cm-2. Cryo-transmission electron microscope characterization and first principles calculation revealed that the low Na+ absorption energy and low Na+ diffusion energy barrier on Na3P promoted uniform Na nucleation and deposition, thus enhancing the Na surface stability. Moreover, anode-free Na3V2(PO4)3//Cu3P@Cu full pouch cell delivered a considerable cycling capacity of ≈15 mA h in 170 cycles, demonstrating its practical feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Quzhou Institute of Power Battery and Grid Energy Storage, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Jiale Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ziang Ren
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Quzhou Institute of Power Battery and Grid Energy Storage, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Jianmin Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xinyong Tao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Tiefeng Liu
- Quzhou Institute of Power Battery and Grid Energy Storage, Quzhou, 324000, China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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2
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Wang X, Lu J, Wu Y, Zheng W, Zhang H, Bai T, Liu H, Li D, Ci L. Building Stable Anodes for High-Rate Na-Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311256. [PMID: 38181436 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Due to low cost and high energy density, sodium metal batteries (SMBs) have attracted growing interest, with great potential to power future electric vehicles (EVs) and mobile electronics, which require rapid charge/discharge capability. However, the development of high-rate SMBs has been impeded by the sluggish Na+ ion kinetics, particularly at the sodium metal anode (SMA). The high-rate operation severely threatens the SMA stability, due to the unstable solid-electrolyte interface (SEI), the Na dendrite growth, and large volume changes during Na plating-stripping cycles, leading to rapid electrochemical performance degradations. This review surveys key challenges faced by high-rate SMAs, and highlights representative stabilization strategies, including the general modification of SMB components (including the host, Na metal surface, electrolyte, separator, and cathode), and emerging solutions with the development of solid-state SMBs and liquid metal anodes; the working principle, performance, and application of these strategies are elaborated, to reduce the Na nucleation energy barriers and promote Na+ ion transfer kinetics for stable high-rate Na metal anodes. This review will inspire further efforts to stabilize SMAs and other metal (e.g., Li, K, Mg, Zn) anodes, promoting high-rate applications of high-energy metal batteries towards a more sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihao Wang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingyu Lu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yehui Wu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weiran Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063, China
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tiansheng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Deping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lijie Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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3
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Hu L, Deng J, Lin Y, Liang Q, Ge B, Weng Q, Bai Y, Li Y, Deng Y, Chen G, Yu X. Restructuring Electrolyte Solvation by a Versatile Diluent Toward Beyond 99.9% Coulombic Efficiency of Sodium Plating/Stripping at Ultralow Temperatures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312161. [PMID: 38191004 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The reversible and durable operation of sodium metal batteries at low temperatures (LT) is essential for cold-climate applications but is plagued by dendritic Na plating and unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). Current Coulombic efficiencies of sodium plating/stripping at LT fall far below 99.9%, representing a significant performance gap yet to be filled. Here, the solvation structure of the conventional 1 m NaPF6 in diglyme electrolyte by facile cyclic ether (1,3-dioxolane, DOL) dilution is efficiently reconfigured. DOL diluents help shield the Na+-PF6 - Coulombic interaction and intermolecular forces of diglyme, leading to anomalously high Na+-ion conductivity. Besides, DOL participates in the solvation sheath and weakens the chelation of Na+ by diglyme for facilitated desolvation. More importantly, it promotes concentrated electron cloud distribution around PF6 - in the solvates and promotes their preferential decomposition. A desired inorganic-rich SEI is generated with compositional uniformity, high ionic conductivity, and high Young's modulus. Consequently, a record-high Coulombic efficiency over 99.9% is achieved at an ultralow temperature of -55 °C, and a 1 Ah capacity pouch cell of initial anode-free sodium metal battery retains 95% of the first discharge capacity over 100 cycles at -25 °C. This study thus provides new insights for formulating electrolytes toward increased Na reversibility at LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaojiao Deng
- Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yuxiao Lin
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Qinghua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth, Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Bingcheng Ge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingsong Weng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Shenzhen XFH Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518071, P. R. China
| | - Yunsong Li
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Yonghong Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guohua Chen
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Huo X, Gong X, Liu Y, Yan Y, Du Z, Ai W. Conformal 3D Li/Li 13Sn 5 Scaffolds Anodes for High-Areal Energy Density Flexible Lithium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309254. [PMID: 38326091 PMCID: PMC11005696 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Achieving a high depth of discharge (DOD) in lithium metal anodes (LMAs) is crucial for developing high areal energy density batteries suitable for wearable electronics. Yet, the persistent growth of dendrites compromises battery performance, and the significant lithium consumption during pre-lithiation obstructs their broad application. Herein, A flexible 3D Li13Sn5 scaffold is designed by allowing molten lithium to infiltrate carbon cloth adorned with SnO2 nanocrystals. This design markedly curbs the troublesome dendrite growth, thanks to the uniform electric field distribution and swift Li+ diffusion dynamics. Additionally, with a minimal SnO2 nanocrystals loading (2 wt.%), only 0.6 wt.% of lithium is consumed during pre-lithiation. Insights from in situ optical microscope observations and COMSOL simulations reveal that lithium remains securely anchored within the scaffold, a result of the rapid mass/charge transfer and uniform electric field distribution. Consequently, this electrode achieves a remarkable DOD of 87.1% at 10 mA cm-2 for 40 mAh cm-2. Notably, when coupled with a polysulfide cathode, the constructed flexible Li/Li13Sn5@CC||Li2S6/SnO2@CC pouch cell delivers a high-areal capacity of 5.04 mAh cm-2 and an impressive areal-energy density of 10.6 mWh cm-2. The findings pave the way toward the development of high-performance LMAs, ideal for long-lasting wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Huo
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Flexible ElectronicsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Xin Gong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Flexible ElectronicsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Flexible ElectronicsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Yonghui Yan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Flexible ElectronicsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Zhuzhu Du
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Flexible ElectronicsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Wei Ai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Flexible ElectronicsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
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5
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Vaidyula RR, Nguyen MH, Weeks JA, Wang Y, Wang Z, Kawashima K, Paul-Orecchio AG, Celio H, Dolocan A, Henkelman G, Mullins CB. Binary Solvent Induced Stable Interphase Layer for Ultra-Long Life Sodium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312508. [PMID: 38465829 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Sodium foil, promising for high-energy-density batteries, faces reversibility challenges due to its inherent reactivity and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. In this study, a stable sodium metal battery (SMB) is achieved by tuning the electrolyte solvation structure through the addition of co-solvent 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (MTHF) to diglyme (Dig). The introduction of cyclic ether-based MTHF results in increased anion incorporation in the solvation structure, even at lower salt concentrations. Specifically, the anion stabilization capabilities of the environmentally sustainable MTHF co-solvent lead to a contact-ion pair-based solvation structure. Time-of-flight mass spectroscopy analysis reveals that a shift toward an anion-dominated solvation structure promotes the formation of a thin and uniform SEI layer. Consequently, employing a NaPF6-based electrolyte with a Dig:MTHF ratio of 50% (v/v) binary solvent yields an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.72% for 300 cycles in Cu||Na cell cycling. Remarkably, at a C/2 cycling rate, Na||Na symmetric cell cycling demonstrates ultra-long-term stability exceeding 7000 h, and full cells with Na0.44MnO2 as a cathode retain 80% of their capacity after 500 cycles. This study systematically examines solvation structure, SEI layer composition, and electrochemical cycling, emphasizing the significance of MTHF-based binary solvent mixtures for high-performance SMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mai H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jason A Weeks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yixian Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ziqing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Kenta Kawashima
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | - Hugo Celio
- Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Center for Electrochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - C Buddie Mullins
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Center for Electrochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- John J. McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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6
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Zhao L, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Lei Y, Lai WH, Chou S, Liu HK, Dou SX, Wang YX. A Critical Review on Room-Temperature Sodium-Sulfur Batteries: From Research Advances to Practical Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402337. [PMID: 38458611 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Room-temperature sodium-sulfur (RT-Na/S) batteries are promising alternatives for next-generation energy storage systems with high energy density and high power density. However, some notorious issues are hampering the practical application of RT-Na/S batteries. Besides, the working mechanism of RT-Na/S batteries under practical conditions such as high sulfur loading, lean electrolyte, and low capacity ratio between the negative and positive electrode (N/P ratio), is of essential importance for practical applications, yet the significance of these parameters has long been disregarded. Herein, it is comprehensively reviewed recent advances on Na metal anode, S cathode, electrolyte, and separator engineering for RT-Na/S batteries. The discrepancies between laboratory research and practical conditions are elaborately discussed, endeavors toward practical applications are highlighted, and suggestions for the practical values of the crucial parameters are rationally proposed. Furthermore, an empirical equation to estimate the actual energy density of RT-Na/S pouch cells under practical conditions is rationally proposed for the first time, making it possible to evaluate the gravimetric energy density of the cells under practical conditions. This review aims to reemphasize the vital importance of the crucial parameters for RT-Na/S batteries to bridge the gaps between laboratory research and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Zhao
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Ying Tao
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Yiyang Zhang
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Yaojie Lei
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Wei-Hong Lai
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Shulei Chou
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hua-Kun Liu
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Shi-Xue Dou
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Wang
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
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Matthews KC, Rush B, Gearba R, Guo X, Yu G, Warner JH. Cryo-Electron Microscopy Reveals Na Infiltration into Separator Pore Free-Volume as a Degradation Mechanism in Na Anode:Liquid Electrolyte Electrochemical Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2308711. [PMID: 38381601 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Batteries utilizing a sodium (Na) metal anode with a liquid electrolyte are promising for affordable large-scale energy storage. However, a deep understanding of the intrinsic degradation mechanisms is limited by challenges in accessing the buried interfaces. Here, cryogenic electron microscopy of intact electrode:separator:electrode stacks is performed and degradation and failure of symmetric Na||Na coin cells occurs through the infiltration of Na metal through the pores of the separator rather than by mechanical puncturing by dendrites is revealed. It is shown the interior structure of the cell (electrode:separator:electrode) must be preserved and deconstructing the cell into different layers for characterization results in artifacts. In intact cell stacks, minimal liquid is found between the electrodes and separator, leading to intimate electrode:separator interfaces. After electrochemical cycling, Na infiltrates into the pore free-volume, growing through the separator to create electrical shorts and degradation. The Na infiltration occurs at interfacial regions devoid of solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), revealing SEI plays an important role in preventing Na from growing into the separator by being a physical barrier that the plated Na cannot penetrate. These results shed new light on the fundamental failure mechanisms in Na batteries and demonstrate the importance of preserving the cell structure and buried interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Matthews
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Braxton Rush
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Raluca Gearba
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Xuelin Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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8
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Wang S, Weng S, Li X, Liu Y, Huang X, Jie Y, Pan Y, Zhou H, Jiao S, Li Q, Wang X, Cheng T, Cao R, Xu D. Unraveling the Solvent Effect on Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Formation for Sodium Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313447. [PMID: 37885102 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Ether-based electrolytes are considered as an ideal electrolyte system for sodium metal batteries (SMBs) due to their superior compatibility with the sodium metal anode (SMA). However, the selection principle of ether solvents and the impact on solid electrolyte interphase formation are still unclear. Herein, we systematically compare the chain ether-based electrolyte and understand the relationship between the solvation structure and the interphasial properties. The linear ether solvent molecules with different terminal group lengths demonstrate remarkably distinct solvation effects, thus leading to different electrochemical performance as well as deposition morphologies for SMBs. Computational calculations and comprehensive characterizations indicate that the terminal group length significantly regulates the electrolyte solvation structure and consequently influences the interfacial reaction mechanism of electrolytes on SMA. Cryogenic electron microscopy clearly reveals the difference in solid electrolyte interphase in various ether-based electrolytes. As a result, the 1,2-diethoxyethane-based electrolyte enables a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.9 %, which also realizes the stable cycling of Na||Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 full cell with a mass loading of ≈9 mg cm-2 over 500 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Suting Weng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinpeng Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiangling Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yulin Jie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuxue Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hongmin Zhou
- Physical and Chemical Science Experiment Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shuhong Jiao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ruiguo Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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9
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Li M, Floetenmeyer M, Bryant E, Cooper E, Tao S, Knibbe R. Study of Na Deposition Formation in Mixed Ethylene: Propylene Carbonate Electrolytes by Inert/Cryoelectron Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:53333-53341. [PMID: 37947473 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The sodium anode-free combines low-cost and high energy density, demonstrating a promising alternative to the Li battery counterpart. Nevertheless, the uptake of a sodium anode-free battery is greatly impeded by the uncontrollable dendrite proliferation upon the chemically active metallic Na. An insightful mechanistic understanding of Na deposition nucleation and growth behavior in ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate (EC/PC, 1:1) is revealed via various inert and/or cryo-electron microscopy characterization techniques. The deposit morphology, size, and distribution were studied with different current densities and areal capacity. The Na deposit distribution changes from nonparametric distribution to normal distribution which can be attributed to the effect of interparticle diffusion coupling (IDP). The atomic information on the Na deposit was revealed via cryogenic transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Matthias Floetenmeyer
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ethan Bryant
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Emily Cooper
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Shiwei Tao
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ruth Knibbe
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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10
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Zhuang R, Zhang X, Qu C, Xu X, Yang J, Ye Q, Liu Z, Kaskel S, Xu F, Wang H. Fluorinated porous frameworks enable robust anode-less sodium metal batteries. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh8060. [PMID: 37774016 PMCID: PMC11090372 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Sodium metal batteries hold great promise for energy-dense and low-cost energy storage technology but are severely impeded by catastrophic dendrite issue. State-of-the-art strategies including sodiophilic seeding/hosting interphase design manifest great success on dendrite suppression, while neglecting unavoidable interphase-depleted Na+ before plating, which poses excessive Na use, sacrificed output voltage and ultimately reduced energy density. We here demonstrate that elaborate-designed fluorinated porous framework could simultaneously realize superior sodiophilicity yet negligible interphase-consumed Na+ for dendrite-free and durable Na batteries. As elucidated by physicochemical and theoretical characterizations, well-defined fluorinated edges on porous channels are responsible for both high affinities ensuring uniform deposition and low reactivity rendering superior Na+ utilization for plating. Accordingly, synergistic performance enhancement is achieved with stable 400 cycles and superior plateau to sloping capacity ratio in anode-free batteries. Proof-of-concept pouch cells deliver an energy density of 325 Watt-hours per kilogram and robust 300 cycles under anode-less condition, opening an avenue with great extendibility for the practical deployment of metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Changzhen Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosa Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Qian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
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11
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Watt J. Investigating and Controlling Material Interfaces using Cryo-FIB/SEM and In-Situ TEM. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:657. [PMID: 37613380 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John Watt
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
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12
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Yang T, Luo D, Liu Y, Yu A, Chen Z. Anode-free sodium metal batteries as rising stars for lithium-ion alternatives. iScience 2023; 26:105982. [PMID: 36843854 PMCID: PMC9950943 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
With the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown, global supply chain crisis, and Russo-Ukrainian war, an energy-intensive society with sustainable, secure, affordable, and recyclable rechargeable batteries is increasingly out of reach. As demand soars, recent prototypes have shown that anode-free configurations, especially anode-free sodium metal batteries, offer realistic alternatives that are better than lithium-ion batteries in terms of energy density, cost, carbon footprint, and sustainability. This Perspective explores the current state of research on improving the performance of anode-free Na metal batteries from five key fields, as well as the impact on upstream industries compared to commercial batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhou Yang
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dan Luo
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.,School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yizhou Liu
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Aiping Yu
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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13
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Nguyen M, Cho J, Katyal N, Vishnugopi BS, Hao H, Fang R, Wu N, Liu P, Mukherjee PP, Nanda J, Henkelman G, Watt J, Mitlin D. Stable Anode-Free All-Solid-State Lithium Battery through Tuned Metal Wetting on the Copper Current Collector. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206762. [PMID: 36445936 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A stable anode-free all-solid-state battery (AF-ASSB) with sulfide-based solid-electrolyte (SE) (argyrodite Li6 PS5 Cl) is achieved by tuning wetting of lithium metal on "empty" copper current-collector. Lithiophilic 1 µm Li2 Te is synthesized by exposing the collector to tellurium vapor, followed by in situ Li activation during the first charge. The Li2 Te significantly reduces the electrodeposition/electrodissolution overpotentials and improves Coulombic efficiency (CE). During continuous electrodeposition experiments using half-cells (1 mA cm-2 ), the accumulated thickness of electrodeposited Li on Li2 Te-Cu is more than 70 µm, which is the thickness of the Li foil counter-electrode. Full AF-ASSB with NMC811 cathode delivers an initial CE of 83% at 0.2C, with a cycling CE above 99%. Cryogenic focused ion beam (Cryo-FIB) sectioning demonstrates uniform electrodeposited metal microstructure, with no signs of voids or dendrites at the collector-SE interface. Electrodissolution is uniform and complete, with Li2 Te remaining structurally stable and adherent. By contrast, an unmodified Cu current-collector promotes inhomogeneous Li electrodeposition/electrodissolution, electrochemically inactive "dead metal," dendrites that extend into SE, and thick non-uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) interspersed with pores. Density functional theory (DFT) and mesoscale calculations provide complementary insight regarding nucleation-growth behavior. Unlike conventional liquid-electrolyte metal batteries, the role of current collector/support lithiophilicity has not been explored for emerging AF-ASSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
| | - Yijie Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
| | - Mai Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Naman Katyal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Bairav S Vishnugopi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Hongchang Hao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
| | - Ruyi Fang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
| | - Nan Wu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
| | - Partha P Mukherjee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jagjit Nanda
- Applied Energy Division, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - John Watt
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - David Mitlin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
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14
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Fang H, Gao S, Ren M, Huang Y, Cheng F, Chen J, Li F. Dual-Function Presodiation with Sodium Diphenyl Ketone towards Ultra-stable Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214717. [PMID: 36369628 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hard carbon (HC) is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries, yet still suffers from low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, sodium diphenyl ketone (Na-DK) is applied to realize dual-function presodiation for HC anodes. It compensates the irreversible Na uptake at the oxygen-containing functional groups and reacts with carbon defects of five/seven-membered rings for quasi-metallic sodium in HC. The as-formed sodium induces robust NaF-rich SEI on HC in 1.0 M NaPF6 in diglyme, favoring the interfacial reaction kinetics and stable Na+ insertion and extraction. This renders the presodiated HC (pHC) with high ICE of ≈100 % and capacity retention of 82.4 % after 6800 cycles. It is demonstrated to couple with Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 cathodes in full cells to show high capacity retention of ≈100 % after 700 cycles. This work provides in-depth understanding of chemical presodiation and a new strategy for highly stable sodium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Suning Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaohui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fangyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300071, China
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15
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Wang J, Xu Z, Zhang Q, Song X, Lu X, Zhang Z, Onyianta AJ, Wang M, Titirici MM, Eichhorn SJ. Stable Sodium-Metal Batteries in Carbonate Electrolytes Achieved by Bifunctional, Sustainable Separators with Tailored Alignment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206367. [PMID: 36127883 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sodium (Na) is the most appealing alternative to lithium as an anode material for cost-effective, high-energy-density energy-storage systems by virtue of its high theoretical capacity and abundance as a resource. However, the uncontrolled growth of Na dendrites and the limited cell cycle life impede the large-scale practical implementation of Na-metal batteries (SMBs) in commonly used and low-cost carbonate electrolytes. Herein, the employment of a novel bifunctional electrospun nanofibrous separator comprising well-ordered, uniaxially aligned arrays, and abundant sodiophilic functional groups is presented for SMBs. By tailoring the alignment degree, this unique separator integrates with the merits of serving as highly aligned ion-redistributors to self-orientate/homogenize the flux of Na-ions from a chemical molecule level and physically suppressing Na dendrite puncture at a mechanical structure level. Remarkably, unprecedented long-term cycling performances at high current densities (≥1000 h at 1 and 3 mA cm-2 , ≥700 h at 5 mA cm-2 ) of symmetric cells are achieved in additive-free carbonate electrolytes. Moreover, the corresponding sodium-organic battery demonstrates a high energy density and prolonged cyclability over 1000 cycles. This work opens up a new and facile avenue for the development of stable, low-cost, and safe-credible SMBs, which could be readily extended to other alkali-metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Zhen Xu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xuekun Lu
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Amaka J Onyianta
- Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Mengnan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Stephen J Eichhorn
- Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
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16
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Hao H, Wang Y, Katyal N, Yang G, Dong H, Liu P, Hwang S, Mantha J, Henkelman G, Xu Y, Boscoboinik JA, Nanda J, Mitlin D. Molybdenum Carbide Electrocatalyst In Situ Embedded in Porous Nitrogen-Rich Carbon Nanotubes Promotes Rapid Kinetics in Sodium-Metal-Sulfur Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106572. [PMID: 35451133 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report of molybdenum carbide-based electrocatalyst for sulfur-based sodium-metal batteries. MoC/Mo2 C is in situ grown on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes in parallel with formation of extensive nanoporosity. Sulfur impregnation (50 wt% S) results in unique triphasic architecture termed molybdenum carbide-porous carbon nanotubes host (MoC/Mo2 C@PCNT-S). Quasi-solid-state phase transformation to Na2 S is promoted in carbonate electrolyte, with in situ time-resolved Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and optical analyses demonstrating minimal soluble polysulfides. MoC/Mo2 C@PCNT-S cathodes deliver among the most promising rate performance characteristics in the literature, achieving 987 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 , 818 mAh g-1 at 3 A g-1 , and 621 mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1 . The cells deliver superior cycling stability, retaining 650 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at 1.5 A g-1 , corresponding to 0.028% capacity decay per cycle. High mass loading cathodes (64 wt% S, 12.7 mg cm-2 ) also show cycling stability. Density functional theory demonstrates that formation energy of Na2 Sx (1 ≤ x ≤ 4) on surface of MoC/Mo2 C is significantly lowered compared to analogous redox in liquid. Strong binding of Na2 Sx (1 ≤ x ≤ 4) on MoC/Mo2 C surfaces results from charge transfer between the sulfur and Mo sites on carbides' surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Hao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
| | - Yixian Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
| | - Naman Katyal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Hui Dong
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
| | - Sooyeon Hwang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jagannath Mantha
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yixin Xu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
| | | | - Jagjit Nanda
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - David Mitlin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
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17
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Zhao Y, Liu B, Yi Y, Lian X, Wang M, Li S, Yang X, Sun J. An Anode-Free Potassium-Metal Battery Enabled by a Directly Grown Graphene-Modulated Aluminum Current Collector. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202902. [PMID: 35584284 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K)-metal batteries have emerged as a promising energy-storage device owing to abundant K resources. An anode-free architecture that bypasses the need for anode host materials can deliver an elevated energy density. However, the poor efficiency of K plating/stripping on potassiophobic anode current collectors results in rapid K inventory loss and a short cycle life. Herein, commercial Al foils are decorated with an ultrathin graphene-modified layer (Al@G) through roll-to-roll plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. By harnessing strong adhesion (10.52 N m-1 ) and a high surface energy (66.6 mJ m-2 ), the designed Al@G structure ensures a highly smooth and ordered K plating/stripping process. Consequently, during K-metal plating/stripping, Al@G can operate at a current density of up to 4.0 mA cm-2 and cyclic capacity of up to 4.0 mAh cm-2 , with an ultralong lifespan of up to 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm-2 and stable cycling of up to 750 h under periodic current fluctuations of 0.1-2.0 mA cm-2 . In addition, a novel anode-free K-metal full-cell prototype enabled by Al@G anode current collectors is constructed, demonstrating ameliorative cyclic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Yi
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Xueyu Lian
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Menglei Wang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhong Yang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
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