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Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Jiang Q, Liu D. Phenazine-Based Ultra-Narrow Bandgap Acceptors for Efficient Transparent Organic Photovoltaic. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2025:e2500536. [PMID: 40411854 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202500536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2025] [Revised: 05/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/26/2025]
Abstract
Developing ultra-narrow bandgap electron acceptors is an effective approach to achieving transparent organic photovoltaics (TOPVs). In this study, two phenazine based non-fullerene acceptors, namely PA-2H and PA-2Br, are synthesized by merging core bromination and extended conjugation. Applying extra ethylene double bonds as π bridge makes the absorption onsets of films red shift to 1021 and 1041 nm for PA-2H and PA-2Br, respectively. Single-crystal data illustrated that PA-2Br exhibits a tight and ordered 3D network packing with improved charge transport, different from the 2D step-like packing of PA-2H. Therefore, PA-2Br-based opaque organic photovoltaics achieves an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.7%. Notably, the TOPV attains a PCE of 4.60% with an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 70.2%, which exhibits promise in efficient TOPVs. This work demonstrates the importance of core bromination in the design of high-performance ultra-narrow bandgap electron acceptors and provides the opportunity to fabricate efficient TOPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Research Center for Industries of the Future, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Zibo Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Research Center for Industries of the Future, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qianqing Jiang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Research Center for Industries of the Future, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Dianyi Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Research Center for Industries of the Future, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- Division of Solar Energy Conversion and Catalysis at Westlake University, Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
- Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311421, China
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2
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Hu Z, Fu M, Chen J, Xie J, Dou Y, Li H, Liu S, Shao L, Cai H, Zhang Y, Wang W, Dong S, Yang X, Liu C, Huang F, Cao Y. Fine-Tuning of Alkyl Side Chains in Ultra-Low Bandgap Polymers To Effectively Suppress the Dark Current for Short-Wavelength Infrared Organic Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:28447-28458. [PMID: 40305848 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c03312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
Short-wavelength infrared organic photodetectors (SWIR OPDs) have great potential for applications in health monitoring, night vision, optical communication, and image sensing. However, the development of SWIR OPDs is limited by challenges in achieving high responsivity (R) and detectivity (D*) due to the exponentially increased nonradiative recombination rate when decreasing the bandgap of conjugated polymers or molecules. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of donor-acceptor (D-A) type ultralow bandgap (≤0.85 eV) polymers containing [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline (TQ) units as the A unit and selenophene units as the D unit, respectively. The solubility, molecular stacking, charge transport properties, and film morphology of the polymers were finely tuned by varying the side chain lengths on the substituted phenyl groups of TQ units. It was found that the polymer PTQOD with 2-octyldodecyl alkyl chains has lower nonradiative recombination losses and lower trap state density. After device optimization, the PTQOD-based device achieved higher R and lower dark current density (Jd), resulting in a D* of 1.06 × 1010 Jones at 1300 nm under 0 V bias, representing the highest value for OPDs using TQ-based polymers. This work highlights the importance of optimizing the alkyl chains of ultralow-band gap polymer donor materials and provides a promising approach for developing highly sensitive SWIR OPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Muyi Fu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Juxuan Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuejia Dou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Songtao Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Lin Shao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Houji Cai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Dong
- Lumidar Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, P. R. China
| | - Xiye Yang
- Lumidar Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, P. R. China
| | - Chunchen Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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3
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Ma M, Zhang L, Huang M, Kuang Y, Li H, Yang H, Yao T, Ye G, Shao S, Yoon MH, Liu J. Regiochemistry and Side-Chain Engineering Enable Efficient N-Type Mixed Conducting Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202424820. [PMID: 40087895 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202424820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2025] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 03/17/2025]
Abstract
Developing high-performance n-type organic mixed ionic-electronic conducting (OMIEC) polymers with simple structural motifs is still challenging. We show that high-performance, low-threshold-voltage n-type OMIEC polymers can be achieved using a simple diketopyrrolopyrrole unit flanked by thiazole groups, which is functionalized with glycolated side chains. Interestingly, the regiospecific sp2-N position in the repeating unit's thiazole governs the polymer chains' solvation and molecular packing. This specific backbone chemistry enhances conjugation efficiency, reduces trap density, and improves electrochemical doping efficiency. Moreover, systematic variation of glycolated side-chain lengths induces a sequential shift in molecular orientation-from edge-on through bimodal to face-on preferential alignment. This structural evolution achieves optimized ionic-electronic transport balance, resulting in exceptional device metrics: a geometrically normalized transconductance of 31.9 S cm-1, a figure-of-merit µC* of 96.3 F cm-1 V-1 s-1, and a threshold voltage of 0.31 V, positioning these materials among the highest-performing n-type OMIECs. An organic complementary inverter made from the optimized n-type OMIEC polymer and a reported p-type polymer exhibits a voltage gain of 198 V V-1, effectively amplifying the ECG signal and enhancing signal quality. This work establishes structure-property guidelines for designing bioelectronic n-type OMIECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Linlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Minhu Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yazhuo Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Huanzhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Tangqing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Gang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Shao
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Myung-Han Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
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4
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Jeong MK, Lee SH, Won Y, Ahn J, Kim MI, Oh JH. Stable Open-Shell Conjugated Terpolymer with Extended NIR Absorption for Organic Photodetectors Detecting Beyond 1000 nm. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:25591-25601. [PMID: 40254972 PMCID: PMC12051171 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c03911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2025] [Revised: 04/05/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/22/2025]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors play crucial roles in many scientific, industrial, and medicinal fields. However, conventional organic photodetectors (OPDs) often do not utilize the NIR region due to poor absorption beyond 1000 nm. In this study, an open-shell conjugated terpolymer is synthesized for NIR detection. This polymer contains diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), thiophene, and benzo[1,2-c;4,5-c']bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole (BBT); these components form the novel random terpolymer poly{2,5-bis(2-decyltetradecyl)-3,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione]-co-thiophene-co-benzo[1,2-c;4,5-c']bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole} (PDPPTBBT) via Stille coupling polymerization. The diradicals generated by the open-shell characteristics of PDPPTBBT become stronger as molecular packing is enhanced. This enhancement enables absorption at wavelengths beyond 1000 nm. PDPPTBBT exhibits temperature-independent Pauli paramagnetic properties. Additionally, electron paramagnetic resonance measurements reveal that compared with the singlet ground state, the polymer exhibits a higher stability in the triplet ground state and a high spin (S = 1). PDPPTBBT can act as an acceptor or a donor in films in which the material is blended with either poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) or Y6. OPDs prepared using the blended films display detection wavelengths exceeding 1000 nm with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 126% at 1050 nm and a specific detectivity (D*) of 7.5 × 1011 Jones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Ki Jeong
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Lee
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yousang Won
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Ahn
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong In Kim
- Department
of Organic and Nano Engineering and Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Huang K, Jiang B, Lu H, Xue Y, Lu C, Chang Y, Huang C, Chien S, Chen C, Cheng Y. Electron-Rich Heptacyclic S,N Heteroacene Enabling C-Shaped A-D-A-type Electron Acceptors With Photoelectric Response beyond 1000 Nm for Highly Sensitive Near-Infrared Photodetectors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2025; 12:e2413045. [PMID: 39807075 PMCID: PMC11884573 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202413045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025]
Abstract
A highly electron-rich S,N heteroacene building block is developed and condensed with FIC and Cl-IC acceptors to furnish CT-F and CT-Cl, which exhibit near-infrared (NIR) absorption beyond 1000 nm. The C-shaped CT-F and CT-Cl self-assemble into a highly ordered 3D intermolecular packing network via multiple π-π interactions in the single crystal structures. The CT-F-based organic photovoltaic (OPV) achieved an impressive efficiency of 14.30% with a broad external quantum efficiency response extending from the UV-vis to the NIR (300-1050 nm) regions, outperforming most binary OPVs employing NIR A-D-A-type acceptors. CT-Cl possesses a higher surface energy than CT-F, promoting vertical phase segregation and resulting in its preferential accumulation near the bottom interface of the blend. This arrangement, combined with the lower HOMO energy level of CT-Cl, effectively reduces undesired hole and electron injection under reverse voltage. The PM6:CT-Cl-based organic photodetectors (OPDs) devices achieved an ultra-high shot-noise-limited specific detectivity (Dsh*) values exceeding 1014 Jones in the NIR region from 620 to 1000 nm, reaching an unprecedentedly high value of 1.3 × 1014 Jones at 950 nm. When utilizing a 780 nm light source, the PM6:CT-Cl-based OPDs show record-high rise/fall times of 0.33/0.11 µs and an exceptional cut-off frequency (f-3dB) of 590 kHz at -1 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo‐Hsiu Huang
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Bing‐Huang Jiang
- Department of Materials EngineeringMing Chi University of TechnologyNew Taipei City243303Taiwan
| | - Han‐Cheng Lu
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Yung‐Jing Xue
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Fang Lu
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Yung‐Yung Chang
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Ching‐Li Huang
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Su‐Ying Chien
- Instrumentation CenterNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Ping Chen
- Department of Materials EngineeringMing Chi University of TechnologyNew Taipei City243303Taiwan
- College of Engineering and Center for Sustainability and Energy TechnologiesChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan33302Taiwan
| | - Yen‐Ju Cheng
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter ScienceNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
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6
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Niu G, Song G, Kang Y, Zhai Y, Fan Y, Ye J, Li R, Li R, Zhang Y, Wang H, Chen Y, Ji X. Quinoidal Semiconductor Nanoparticles for NIR-II Photoacoustic Imaging and Photoimmunotherapy of Cancer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025; 37:e2415189. [PMID: 39696886 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202415189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2024] [Revised: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
Photoagents with ultra-high near-infrared II (NIR-II) light energy conversion efficiency hold great promise in tumor phototherapy due to their ability to penetrate deeper tissues and minimize damage to surrounding healthy cells. However, the development of NIR-II photoagents remain challenging. In this study, an all-fused-ring quinoidal acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) molecule, SKCN, with a BTP core is synthesized, and nanoparticles named FA-SNPs are prepared. The unique quinoidal structure enhances π-electron delocalization and bond length uniformity, significantly reducing the bandgap of SKCN, resulting in strong NIR-II absorption, a high molar extinction coefficient, and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 75.14%. Enhanced molecular rigidity also facilitates efficient energy transfer to oxygen, boosting reactive oxygen species generation. By incorporating the immunomodulator R848, FA-SRNPs nanoparticles are further developed, effectively modulating the tumor immune microenvironment by reducing Tregs and M-MDSCs infiltration, promoting dendritic cell maturation, M1 macrophage polarization, and activating CD8+ T cells and NK cells. Comprehensive studies using orthotopic ovarian cancer models demonstrated strong tumor targeting, photoacoustic imaging capabilities, and significant tumor suppression and metastasis inhibition, and also showing excellent therapeutic efficacy in an orthotopic breast cancer model. This study provides strong evidence for the potential application of quinoidal A-D-A molecules in cancer photoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoli Niu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Guangkun Song
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yong Kang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanhong Zhai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Yueyue Fan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiamin Ye
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Runtan Li
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Xiyingmen Subdistrict Community Health Service Center, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ji
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Medical College, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
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7
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Liu W, Guo W, Fu L, Duan Y, Han G, Gao J, Liu H, Wang Y, Ma Z, Liu Y. Terminal Fluorination Modulates Crystallinity and Aggregation of Fully Non-Fused Ring Electron Acceptors for High-Performance and Durable Near-Infrared Organic Photodetectors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202416751. [PMID: 39501778 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202416751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
High dark current density (Jd) severely hinders further advancement of near-infrared organic photodetectors (NIR OPDs). Herein, we tackle this grand challenge by regulating molecular crystallinity and aggregation of fully non-fused ring electron acceptors (FNREAs). TBT-V-F, which features fluorinated terminals, notably demonstrates crystalline intensification and a higher prevalence predominance of J-aggregation compared to its chlorinated counterpart (TBT-V-Cl). The amalgamation of advantages confers TBT-V-F-based OPDs with lower nonradiative energy loss, improved charge transport, decreased energetic disorder, and reduced trap density. Consequently, the corresponding self-powered OPDs exhibit a 40-fold decrease in Jd, a remarkable increase in detectivity (D*sh), faster response time, and superior thermal stability compared to TBT-V-Cl-based OPDs. Further interfacial optimization results in an ultra-low Jd of 7.30×10-12 A cm-2 with D*sh over 1013 Jones in 320-920 nm wavelength and a climax of 2.2×1014 Jones at 800 nm for the TBT-V-F-based OPDs, representing one of the best results reported to date. This work paves a compelling material-based strategy to suppress Jd for highly sensitive NIR OPDs, while also illustrates the viability of FNREAs in construction of stable and affordable NIR OPDs for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lulu Fu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guoxin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiaxin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Huayi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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8
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Zhong W, Wang X, Wang W, Song Z, Tang Y, Chen B, Yang T, Liang Y. Fast Near-Infrared Organic Photodetectors with Enhanced Detectivity by Molecular Engineering of Acceptor Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2025; 12:e2410332. [PMID: 39601154 PMCID: PMC11744665 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202410332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
Organic photodetectors (OPDs) with a near-infrared (NIR) response beyond 900 nm are intriguing electronics for various applications. It is challenging to develop NIR OPDs with high sensitivity and fast response. Herein, the acceptor materials of OPDs are tuned to extend detection to ≈1100 nm with improved sensitivity. A new fused ring electron acceptor, ICS (2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-(((4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(4-((2-ethylhexyl)thio)thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile), is developed with alkylthio thiophene as the bridge, achieving a small bandgap of 1.35 eV while decreasing dark current densities under reverse bias. By further introducing a secondary acceptor of PC61 BM, the doping compensation, and unfavored hole injection blocking enable further improvement of detectivity. The PTB7-Th (Poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl]): ICS: PC61 BM OPDs deliver a low dark current density of 1.23 × 10-9 A cm-2, a high peak specific detectivity of 1.09 × 1013 Jones at 950 nm under -0.2 V, and a fast response speed with a -3 dB bandwidth of 720 kHz biased under -2 V. The photoplethysmography system with the PTB7-Th: ICS: PC61 BM OPD can reliably monitor heartbeats under 980 nm NIR light. This study promises the development of organic NIR OPDs with high detectivity and fast response by tuning active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhong
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Wei Wang
- Experiment and Practice Innovation Education CenterBeijing Normal UniversityZhuhai519087China
| | - Zhulu Song
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Yirong Tang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Bulin Chen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Tingbin Yang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- Core Research FacilitiesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Yongye Liang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
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9
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Chen CP, Peng YC, Jiang BH, Hsu MW, Chan CK, Du HY, Yu YY. Organic Bulk-Heterojunction Blends with Vertical Phase Separation for Enhanced Organic Photodetector Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:3040. [PMID: 39518249 PMCID: PMC11548598 DOI: 10.3390/polym16213040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The ternary blending strategy is a fundamental approach that is widely recognized in the field of organic optoelectronics. In our investigation, leveraging the inherent advantages of the ternary component blending methodology, we introduced an innovative design for organic photodetectors (OPDs) aimed at reducing the dark current density (Jd) under reverse bias. This pioneering effort involved combining two distinct conjugated molecules (IT-4F and IEICO-4F) with a conjugated polymer (PM7), resulting in a composite material characterized by a well-defined vertical phase separation. To thoroughly explore device performance variations, we utilized a comprehensive array of analytical techniques, including atomic force microscopy (AFM) cross-section methodologies and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Through the optimization of the blend ratio (PM7:IT-4F: IEICO-4F at 1:0.8:0.2), we achieved significant advancements. The resulting OPD demonstrated an exceptional reduction in JD, reaching a remarkably low value of 4.95 × 10-10 A cm-2, coupled with an ultra-high detectivity of 4.95 × 1013 Jones and an outstanding linear dynamic range exceeding 100 dB at 780 nm under a bias of -1V. Furthermore, the attained cutoff frequency reached an impressive 220 kHz, highlighting substantial improvements in device performance metrics. Of particular significance is the successful translation of this technological breakthrough into real-world applications, such as in heart rate sensing, underscoring its tangible utility and expanding its potential across various fields. This demonstrates its practical relevance and underscores its versatility in diverse settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; (C.-P.C.); (Y.-C.P.); (B.-H.J.)
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Cheng Peng
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; (C.-P.C.); (Y.-C.P.); (B.-H.J.)
| | - Bing-Huang Jiang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; (C.-P.C.); (Y.-C.P.); (B.-H.J.)
| | - Ming-Wei Hsu
- Cagu International Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung 80652, Taiwan;
| | - Choon Kit Chan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia;
| | - He-Yun Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan;
| | - Yang-Yen Yu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; (C.-P.C.); (Y.-C.P.); (B.-H.J.)
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
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10
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Zhang Y, Chen J, Yang J, Fu M, Cao Y, Dong M, Yu J, Dong S, Yang X, Shao L, Hu Z, Cai H, Liu C, Huang F. Sensitive SWIR Organic Photodetectors with Spectral Response Reaching 1.5 µm. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2406950. [PMID: 39152933 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The performance of organic photodetectors (OPDs) sensitive to the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) light lags behind commercial indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) photodetectors primarily due to the scarcity of organic semiconductors with efficient photoelectric responses exceeding 1.3 µm. Limited by the Energy-gap law, ultralow-bandgap organic semiconductors usually suffer from severe non-radiative transitions, resulting in low external quantum efficiency (EQE). Herein, a difluoro-substituted quinoid terminal group (QC-2F) with exceptionally strong electron-negativity is developed for constructing a new non-fullerene acceptor (NFA), Y-QC4F with an ultralow bandgap of 0.83 eV. This subtle structural modification significantly enhances intermolecular packing order and density, enabling an absorption onset up to 1.5 µm while suppressing non-radiation recombination in Y-QC4F films. SWIR OPDs based on Y-QC4F achieve an impressive detectivity (D*) over 1011 Jones from 0.4 to 1.5 µm under 0 V bias, with a maximum of 1.68 × 1012 Jones at 1.16 µm. Furthermore, the resulting OPDs demonstrate competitive performance with commercial photodetectors for high-quality SWIR imaging even under 1.4 µm irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Lumidar Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510530, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Muyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiangkai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Dong
- Lumidar Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510530, P. R. China
| | - Xiye Yang
- Lumidar Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510530, P. R. China
| | - Lin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Houji Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chunchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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11
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Li X, Sabir A, Zhang X, Jiang H, Wang W, Zheng X, Yang H. Highly Stretchable and Oriented Wafer-Scale Semiconductor Films for Organic Phototransistor Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:36678-36687. [PMID: 38966894 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable organic phototransistor arrays have potential applications in artificial visual systems due to their capacity to perceive ultraweak light across a broad spectrum. Ensuring uniform mechanical and electrical performance of individual devices within these arrays requires semiconductor films with large-area scale, well-defined orientation, and stretchability. However, the progress of stretchable phototransistors is primarily impeded by their limited electrical properties and photodetection capabilities. Herein, wafer-scale and well-oriented semiconductor films were successfully prepared using a solution shearing process. The electrical properties and photodetection capabilities were optimized by improving the polymer chain alignment. Furthermore, a stretchable 10 × 10 transistor array with high device uniformity was fabricated, demonstrating excellent mechanical robustness and photosensitive imaging ability. These arrays based on highly stretchable and well-oriented wafer-scale semiconductor films have great application potential in the field of electronic eye and artificial visual systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ayesha Sabir
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongchen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xinran Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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12
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Wang LL, Han JH, Zhou HP, Pan QQ, Zhao ZW, Su Z. Superior End-Group Stacking Promotes Simultaneous Multiple Charge-Transfer Mechanisms in Organic Solar Cells with an All-Fused-Ring Nonfullerene Acceptor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35390-35399. [PMID: 38922684 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The all-fused-ring acceptor (AFRA) is a success for nonfullerene materials and has attracted considerable attention as its high optical and chemical stability expected to reduce energy loss, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) approaching 15% in constructed all-small-molecule organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, the intrinsic role of the structure of AFRA F13 and the reason for its high PCE were revealed by comparison with those of typical fused acceptors IDT-IC and Y6. An increased degree of conjugation in F13 leads to broader and red-shifted absorption peaks, facilitating enhancement of the short-circuit current. Multiple charge-transfer mechanisms are mainly attributed to the higher Frenkel exciton (FE) state due to the multiple transition ways for acceptors in the C1-CN:F13 system. The increased number of atoms contributing to the charge-transfer (CT) state facilitated the existence of more superior stacking patterns with easy formation of CT and FE/CT states and a high charge separation rate. It was found using the AFRA is an effective strategy to enhance end-group stacking, enhancing the borrowing of oscillator strength to promote multiple CT mechanisms in the complexes, explaining the high performance of this OSC device. This work is promising to guide designing an efficient AFRA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Photo-functional Materials and Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jin-Hong Han
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Photo-functional Materials and Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hai-Ping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Photo-functional Materials and Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Qing-Qing Pan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Photo-functional Materials and Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Photo-functional Materials and Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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13
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Zhang H, Mao R, Yuan L, Wang Y, Liu W, Wang J, Tai H, Jiang Y. Near-Infrared Organic Photodetectors with Spectral Response over 1200 nm Adopting a Thieno[3,4- c]thiadiazole-Based Acceptor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9088-9097. [PMID: 38319245 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The nonclassical ten-pi-electron 5,5-fused thieno[3,4-c]thiadiazole (TTD) unit is an excellent building block for constructing sub-silicon-band gap organic semiconductors. However, no small molecule acceptor (SMA) materials based on TTD have been reported despite the fact that high-sensitivity near-infrared organic photodetectors (OPDs) are generally achieved by using SMAs. In this work, we report a TTD-based narrow band gap (0.95 eV) SMA material TTD(DTC-2FIC)2 with strong near-infrared absorption. Employing PTB7-Th as a donor, OPDs based on TTD(DTC-2FIC)2 exhibit an optimized responsivity of 0.095 (±0.007) A W-1 at 1100 nm and sustain a decent responsivity of 0.074 (±0.008) A W-1 at 1200 nm. Moreover, a good specific detectivity over 1 × 1011 Jones is achieved at a wavelength of 1200 nm. Detailed characterizations imply that the performance of TTD(DTC-2FIC)2-based OPDs may be substantially improved by choosing lower-mixing donors with shallower energy levels. This work demonstrates that SMAs incorporating TTD as the core unit hold promise for constructing high-sensitivity sub-silicon-band gap OPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Rui Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Liu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
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14
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Kim H, Kang J, Kim MI, Jeong W, Baek S, Ahn H, Chung DS, Jung IH. Development of n-Type Small-Molecule Acceptors for Low Dark Current Density and Fast Response Organic Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38032313 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Suppressing the dark current density (Jd) while maintaining sufficient charge transport is important for improving the specific detectivity (D*) and dynamic characteristics of organic photodetectors (OPDs). In this study, we synthesized three novel small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) densely surrounded by insulating alkyl side chains to minimize the Jd in OPDs. Introducing trialkylated N-annulated perylene diimide as a terminal moiety to the alkylated π-conjugated core structure was highly efficient in suppressing Jd in the devices, resulting in an extremely low Jd of 4.60 × 10-11 A cm-2 and 10-100 times improved D* values in the devices. In addition, SMAs with a geometrically aligned backbone structure exhibited better intermolecular ordering in the blended films, resulting in 3-10 times as high responsivity (R) values in the OPDs. Outstanding OPD performances with a D* of 8.09 × 1012 Jones, -3 dB cutoff frequency of 205.2 kHz, and rising response time of 16 μs were achieved under a 530 nm illumination in photoconductive mode. Geometrically aligned core-terminal SMAs densely surrounded by insulating alkyl side chains are promising for improving the static and dynamic properties of OPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeokjun Kim
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, and Human-Tech Convergence Program, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeon Kang
- Light/Display Convergence R&BD Division, Cheorwon Plasma Research Institute, 7194 Geumgang-ro, Seo-myeon, Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do 24062, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong In Kim
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, and Human-Tech Convergence Program, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - WonJo Jeong
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, and Human-Tech Convergence Program, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Baek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37363, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37363, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hwan Jung
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, and Human-Tech Convergence Program, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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