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Lüer L, Peters IM, Corre VML, Forberich K, Guldi DM, Brabec CJ. Bypassing the Single Junction Limit with Advanced Photovoltaic Architectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308578. [PMID: 38140834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Multijunction devices and photon up- and down-conversion are prominent concepts aimed at increasing photovoltaic efficiencies beyond the single junction limit. Integrating these concepts into advanced architectures may address long-standing issues such as processing complexity, microstructure control, and resilience against spectral changes of the incoming radiation. However, so far, no models have been established to predict the performance of such integrated architectures. Here, a simulation environment based on Bayesian optimization is presented, that can predict and virtually optimize the electrical performance of multi-junction architectures, both vertical and lateral, in combination with up- and down-conversion materials. Microstructure effects on performance are explicitly considered using machine-learned predictive models from high throughput experimentation on simpler architectures. Two architectures that would surpass the single junction limit of photovoltaic energy conversion at reasonable complexity are identified: a vertical "staggered half octave system," where selective absorption allows the use of 6 different bandgaps, and the lateral "overlapping rainbow system" where selective irradiation allows the use of a narrowband energy acceptor with reduced voltage losses, according to the energy gap law. Both architectures would be highly resilient against spectral changes, in contrast with two terminal multi-junction architectures which are limited by Kirchhoff's law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Lüer
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ian Marius Peters
- High Throughput Methods in Photovoltaics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vincent M Le Corre
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karen Forberich
- High Throughput Methods in Photovoltaics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- High Throughput Methods in Photovoltaics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Casademont-Viñas M, Gibert-Roca M, Campoy-Quiles M, Goñi AR. Spectrum on demand light source (SOLS) for advanced photovoltaic characterization. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:103907. [PMID: 37861404 DOI: 10.1063/5.0156236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We report a multi-purpose spectrum-on-demand light source (SOLS), conceived primarily but not exclusively for the multiple and advanced characterization of photovoltaic (PV) materials and devices. The apparatus is a spectral shaper illumination device, providing a tunable and spectrally shaped light beam produced by modulating the intensity and/or wavelength range of a primary light source. SOLS stands out from the state of the art because it produces almost any spectrum on demand and delivers two types of output: a spectrally shaped and spatially homogeneous beam over its cross section for areal illumination or a spatially and spectrally split beam into its wavelength components, a unique capability suited to characterize lateral-tandem (Rainbow) solar cells. The tuneability from broadband to narrowband illumination enables two characterization devices into one, namely, a solar simulator for the determination of the power conversion efficiency and an external quantum efficiency measuring system. We expect the SOLS setup to accelerate material screening, enabling the discovery and optimization of novel multi-component materials and devices, in particular for emergent PV technologies like organic, metal halide perovskites, or multi-junction geometries, as well as novel PV applications such as indoors, building integrated, or agrivoltaics, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Casademont-Viñas
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus of the UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Gibert-Roca
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus of the UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Campoy-Quiles
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus of the UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro R Goñi
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus of the UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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