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Kim HS, Yun HS, Seo CE, Bin Yoo S, Kang BJ, Jung EH, Jeon NJ. Ethanol purification enables high-quality α-phase FAPbI 3 perovskite microcrystals for commercial photovoltaic applications. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38693879 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Reliable quality and sustainable processes must be developed for commodities to enter the commercial stage. For next-generation photovoltaic applications such as perovskite solar cells, it is essential to manufacture high-quality photoactive perovskites via eco-friendly processes. We demonstrate that ethanol, an ideal green solvent, can be applied to yield efficient alpha-phase FAPbI3 perovskite microcrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seo Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Energy Engineering, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 21 KENTECH-gil, Naju, 58330, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Sung Yun
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chae-Eun Seo
- Department of Energy Engineering, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 21 KENTECH-gil, Naju, 58330, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Bin Yoo
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong Joo Kang
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eui Hyuk Jung
- Department of Energy Engineering, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 21 KENTECH-gil, Naju, 58330, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam Joong Jeon
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Lou Q, Xu X, Lv X, Xu Z, Sun T, Qiu L, Dai T, Zhou E, Li G, Chen T, Lin Y, Zhou H. Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Capping Layer for High Efficiency FAPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells with Long-Term Stability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400117. [PMID: 38477430 PMCID: PMC11109663 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquid salts (ILs) are generally recognized as additives in perovskite precursor solutions to enhance the efficiency and stability of solar cells. However, the success of ILs incorporation as additives is highly dependent on the precursor formulation and perovskite crystallization process, posing challenges for industrial-scale implementation. In this study, a room-temperature spin-coated IL, n-butylamine acetate (BAAc), is identified as an ideal passivation agent for formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) films. Compared with other passivation methods, the room-temperature BAAc capping layer (BAAc RT) demonstrates more uniform and thorough passivation of surface defects in the FAPbI3 perovskite. Additionally, it provides better energy level alignment for hole extraction. As a result, the champion n-i-p perovskite solar cell with a BAAc capping layer exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.76%, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.19 V, and a Voc loss of ≈330 mV. The PCE of the perovskite mini-module with BAAc RT reaches 20.47%, showcasing the effectiveness and viability of this method for manufacturing large-area perovskite solar cells. Moreover, the BAAc passivation layer also improves the long-term stability of unencapsulated FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells, enabling a T80 lifetime of 3500 h when stored at 35% relative humidity at room temperature in an air atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lou
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
| | - Xueqing Lv
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
| | - Zhengjie Xu
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
| | - Tian Sun
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
| | - Liwen Qiu
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
| | - Tingting Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
| | - Guijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Tong Chen
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
| | - Yen‐Hung Lin
- Department of Electronic and Computer EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongSAR999077P. R. China
| | - Hang Zhou
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
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3
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Shi Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li X, Yue X, Wang H, Zhang X, Deng L, Li C, Wang J, Xie Z, Yang Y, Cong C, Yu A, Zhan Y. Room Temperature Crystallized Phase-Pure α-FAPbI 3 Perovskite with In-Situ Grain-Boundary Passivation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400275. [PMID: 38504472 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Energy loss in perovskite grain boundaries (GBs) is a primary limitation toward high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Two critical strategies to address this issue are high-quality crystallization and passivation of GBs. However, the established methods are generally carried out discretely due to the complicated mechanisms of grain growth and defect formation. In this study, a combined method is proposed by introducing 3,4,5-Trifluoroaniline iodide (TFAI) into the perovskite precursor. The TFAI triggers the union of nano-sized colloids into microclusters and facilitates the complete phase transition of α-FAPbI3 at room temperature. The controlled chemical reactivity and strong steric hindrance effect enable the fixed location of TFAI and suppress defects at GBs. This combination of well-crystallized perovskite grains and effectively passivated GBs leads to an improvement in the open circuit voltage (Voc ) of PSCs from 1.08 V to 1.17 V, which is one of the highest recorded Voc without interface modification. The TFAI-incorporated device achieved a champion PCE of 24.81%. The device maintained a steady power output near its maximum power output point, showing almost no decay over 280 h testing without pre-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejiao Shi
- Center for Micro Nano Systems, School of Information Science and Technology (SIST), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Center for Micro Nano Systems, School of Information Science and Technology (SIST), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Center for Micro Nano Systems, School of Information Science and Technology (SIST), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguo Li
- Center for Micro Nano Systems, School of Information Science and Technology (SIST), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Yue
- Center for Micro Nano Systems, School of Information Science and Technology (SIST), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Haoliang Wang
- Center for Micro Nano Systems, School of Information Science and Technology (SIST), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Center for Micro Nano Systems, School of Information Science and Technology (SIST), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Deng
- Center for Micro Nano Systems, School of Information Science and Technology (SIST), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Chongyuan Li
- Center for Micro Nano Systems, School of Information Science and Technology (SIST), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Center for Micro Nano Systems, School of Information Science and Technology (SIST), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zuoti Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MATEC Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Yinguo Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Chunxiao Cong
- Center for Micro Nano Systems, School of Information Science and Technology (SIST), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Anran Yu
- Center for Micro Nano Systems, School of Information Science and Technology (SIST), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiang Zhan
- Center for Micro Nano Systems, School of Information Science and Technology (SIST), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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4
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Guo W, Chai DF, Li J, Yang X, Fu S, Sui G, Zhuang Y, Guo D. Strain Engineering for Electrocatalytic Overall Water Splitting. Chempluschem 2024:e202300605. [PMID: 38459914 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Strain engineering is a novel method that can achieve superior performance for different applications. The lattice strain can affect the performance of electrochemical catalysts by changing the binding energy between the surface-active sites and intermediates and can be affected by the thickness, surface defects and composition of the materials. In this review, we summarized the basic principle, characterization method, introduction strategy and application direction of lattice strain. The reactions on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are focused. Finally, the present challenges are summarized, and suggestions for the future development of lattice strain in electrocatalytic overall water splitting are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Dong-Feng Chai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals of College of Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals of College of Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Shanshan Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals of College of Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Guozhe Sui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals of College of Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Mat Sci & Engn, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China
| | - Dongxuan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals of College of Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
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5
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Cao L, Tong Y, Ke Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Wang H, Wang K. Dual Buried Interface Engineering for Improving Air-Processed Inverted FAPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38357887 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Fabricating perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in an ambient environment provides low-cost preparation routes for solar cells that are suitable for large-scale production. Compared with methylammonium (MA)- based perovskite materials, formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) possesses a more favorable bandgap for light harvesting and better thermostability. However, the phase transition from the α-phase to the δ-phase easily occurs, making it challenging for ambient-air processing. Herein, we develop a buried interface engineering strategy via two molecules including 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (DPPB) as well as [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl] phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz) to optimize air-processed inverted FAPbI3 PSCs. This strategy regulates the crystallization process of the air-fabricated FAPbI3 perovskite film, leading to a purer α-phase with significantly enhanced crystallinity and enlarged grain sizes. Apart from improving the bulk perovskite film, the defects at the NiOx/perovskite interface are passivated, and the energy levels are better matched in the modified device, which facilitates efficient carrier extraction. Resultantly, the target device processed in the open air achieves a dramatically improved power conversion efficiency from 11.37% to 18.45%, in association with an enhanced device stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
| | - Yewen Ke
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yali Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Li
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
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6
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Meng Y, Wang Y, Liu C, Yan P, Sun K, Wang Y, Tian R, Cao R, Zhu J, Do H, Lu J, Ge Z. Epitaxial Growth of α-FAPbI 3 at a Well-Matched Heterointerface for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells and Solar Modules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309208. [PMID: 38009812 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Although the FAPbI3 perovskite system exhibits an impressive optoelectronic characteristic and thermal stability because of its energetically unstable black phase at room temperature, it is considerably challenging to attain a controllable and oriented nucleation of α-FAPbI3 . To overcome this challenge, a 2D perovskite with a released inorganic octahedral distortion designed by weakening the hydrogen interactions between the organic interlayer and [PbI6 ]4- octahedron is presented in this study. A highly matched heterointerface can be formed between the (002) facet of the 2D structure and the (100) crystal plane of the cubic α-FAPbI3 , thereby lowering the crystallization energy and inducing a heterogeneous nucleation of α-FAPbI3 . This "epitaxial growth" mechanism results form the highly preferred crystallographic orientation of the (100) facets, improved crystal quality and film uniformity, substantially increased charge transporting characteristics, and suppressed nonradiative recombination losses. An impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.4% (certified 25.2%) is achieved using target PSCs, which demonstrates outstanding ambient and operational stability. The feasibility of this strategy is proved for the scalable deposition of homogeneous and high-quality perovskite thin films by demonstrating the remarkably increased PCE of the large-area perovskite solar module, from 18.2% to 20.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Pengyu Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Kexuan Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Yaohua Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Ruijia Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Ruikun Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Hainam Do
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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7
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Wu M, Wang H, Li Y, Chen R, Zhou H, Yang S, Xu D, Li K, An Z, Liu SF, Liu Z. Crystallization Regulation by Self-Assembling Liquid Crystal Template Enables Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313472. [PMID: 37941519 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
It is found that the disordered growth of bottom perovskite film deteriorates the buried interface of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), so developing a new material to modify the buried interface for regulating the crystal growth and defect passivation is an effective approach for improving the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. Here, we developed a new ionic liquid crystal (ILC, 1-Dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) as both crystal regulator and defect passivator to modify the buried interface of PSCs. The high lattice matching between this ILC and perovskite promotes preferential growth of perovskite film along [001] direction, while the oriented ILC with mesomorphic phase has a strong chemical interaction with perovskite to passivate the interface defect, as a result, the modified buried interface exhibits suppressed defects, improved band alignment, reduced nonradiative recombination losses, and enhanced charge extraction. The ILC-modified PSC delivers a power conversion efficiency of 24.92 % and maintains 94 % of the original value after storage in ambient for 3000 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Ran Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi' an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Dongfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei An
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhike Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
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8
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Geistert K, Ternes S, Ritzer DB, Paetzold UW. Controlling Thin Film Morphology Formation during Gas Quenching of Slot-Die Coated Perovskite Solar Modules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37906716 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Transferring record power conversion efficiency (PCE) >25% of spin coated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) from the laboratory scale to large-area photovoltaic modules requires significant advances in scalable fabrication techniques. In this work, we demonstrate the fundamental interrelation between drying dynamics of slot-die coated precursor solution thin films and the quality of resulting slot-die coated gas-quenched polycrystalline perovskite thin films. Well-defined drying conditions are established using a temperature-stabilized, movable table and a flow-controlled, oblique impinging slot nozzle purged with nitrogen. The accurately deposited solution thin film on the substrate is recorded by a tilted CCD camera, allowing for in situ monitoring of the perovskite thin film formation. With the tracking of crystallization dynamics during the drying process, we identify the critical process parameters needed for the design of optimal drying and gas quenching systems. In addition, defining different drying regimes, we derive practical slot jet adjustments preventing gas backflow and demonstrate large-area, homogeneous, and pinhole-free slot-die coated perovskite thin films that result in solar cells with PCEs of up to 18.6%. Our study reveals key interrelations of process parameters, e.g., the gas flow and drying velocity, and the exact crystallization position with the morphology formation of fabricated thin films, resulting in a homogeneous performance of corresponding 50 × 50 mm2 solar minimodules (17.2%) with only minimal upscaling loss. In addition, we validate a previously developed model on the drying dynamics of perovskite thin films on small-area slot-die coated areas of ≥100 cm2. The study provides methodical guidelines for the design of future slot-die coating setups and establishes a step forward to a successful transfer of solution processes towards industrial-scale deposition systems beyond brute force optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Geistert
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, KIT, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Simon Ternes
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, KIT, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - David B Ritzer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, KIT, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Paetzold
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, KIT, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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