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Ziebel ME, Feuer ML, Cox J, Zhu X, Dean CR, Roy X. CrSBr: An Air-Stable, Two-Dimensional Magnetic Semiconductor. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4319-4329. [PMID: 38567828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of magnetic order at the 2D limit has sparked new exploration of van der Waals magnets for potential use in spintronics, magnonics, and quantum information applications. However, many of these materials feature low magnetic ordering temperatures and poor air stability, limiting their fabrication into practical devices. In this Mini-Review, we present a promising material for fundamental studies and functional use: CrSBr, an air-stable, two-dimensional magnetic semiconductor. Our discussion highlights experimental research on bulk CrSBr, including quasi-1D semiconducting properties, A-type antiferromagnetic order (TN = 132 K), and strong coupling between its electronic and magnetic properties. We then discuss the behavior of monolayer and few-layer flakes and present a perspective on promising avenues for further studies on CrSBr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Ziebel
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Margalit L Feuer
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jordan Cox
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Cory R Dean
- Columbia University, Department of Physics, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Moon A, Li Y, McKeever C, Casas BW, Bravo M, Zheng W, Macy J, Petford-Long AK, McCandless GT, Chan JY, Phatak C, Santos EJG, Balicas L. Writing and Detecting Topological Charges in Exfoliated Fe 5-xGeTe 2. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4216-4228. [PMID: 38262067 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Fe5-xGeTe2 is a promising two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnet for practical applications, given its magnetic properties. These include Curie temperatures above room temperature, and topological spin textures─TST (both merons and skyrmions), responsible for a pronounced anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and its topological counterpart (THE), which can be harvested for spintronics. Here, we show that both the AHE and THE can be amplified considerably by just adjusting the thickness of exfoliated Fe5-xGeTe2, with THE becoming observable even in zero magnetic field due to a field-induced unbalance in topological charges. Using a complementary suite of techniques, including electronic transport, Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, and micromagnetic simulations, we reveal the emergence of substantial coercive fields upon exfoliation, which are absent in the bulk, implying thickness-dependent magnetic interactions that affect the TST. We detected a "magic" thickness t ≈ 30 nm where the formation of TST is maximized, inducing large magnitudes for the topological charge density (∼6.45 × 1020 cm-2), and the concomitant anomalous (ρxyA,max ≃22.6 μΩ cm) and topological (ρxyu,T 1≃5 μΩ cm) Hall resistivities at T ≈ 120 K. These values for ρxyA,max and ρxyu,T are higher than those found in magnetic topological insulators and, so far, the largest reported for 2D magnets. The hitherto unobserved THE under zero magnetic field could provide a platform for the writing and electrical detection of TST aiming at energy-efficient devices based on vdW ferromagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Moon
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Yue Li
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Conor McKeever
- Institute for Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K
| | - Brian W Casas
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Moises Bravo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Wenkai Zheng
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Juan Macy
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Amanda K Petford-Long
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Gregory T McCandless
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Julia Y Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Charudatta Phatak
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Elton J G Santos
- Institute for Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K
- Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K
| | - Luis Balicas
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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Boix-Constant C, Jenkins S, Rama-Eiroa R, Santos EJG, Mañas-Valero S, Coronado E. Multistep magnetization switching in orthogonally twisted ferromagnetic monolayers. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:212-218. [PMID: 38036623 PMCID: PMC10837074 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The advent of twist engineering in two-dimensional crystals enables the design of van der Waals heterostructures with emergent properties. In the case of magnets, this approach can afford artificial antiferromagnets with tailored spin arrangements. Here we fabricate an orthogonally twisted bilayer by twisting two CrSBr ferromagnetic monolayers with an easy-axis in-plane spin anisotropy by 90°. The magnetotransport properties reveal multistep magnetization switching with a magnetic hysteresis opening, which is absent in the pristine case. By tuning the magnetic field, we modulate the remanent state and coercivity and select between hysteretic and non-hysteretic magnetoresistance scenarios. This complexity pinpoints spin anisotropy as a key aspect in twisted magnetic superlattices. Our results highlight control over the magnetic properties in van der Waals heterostructures, leading to a variety of field-induced phenomena and opening a fruitful playground for creating desired magnetic symmetries and manipulating non-collinear magnetic configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Boix-Constant
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) - Universitat de València, Paterna, Spain
| | - Sarah Jenkins
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ricardo Rama-Eiroa
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Elton J G Santos
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) - Universitat de València, Paterna, Spain.
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) - Universitat de València, Paterna, Spain.
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