1
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Canetta A, Volosheniuk S, Satheesh S, Alvarinhas Batista JP, Castellano A, Conte R, Chica DG, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Roy X, van der Zant HSJ, Burghard M, Verstraete MJ, Gehring P. Impact of Spin-Entropy on the Thermoelectric Properties of a 2D Magnet. Nano Lett 2024. [PMID: 38652810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Heat-to-charge conversion efficiency of thermoelectric materials is closely linked to the entropy per charge carrier. Thus, magnetic materials are promising building blocks for highly efficient energy harvesters as their carrier entropy is boosted by a spin degree of freedom. In this work, we investigate how this spin-entropy impacts heat-to-charge conversion in the A-type antiferromagnet CrSBr. We perform simultaneous measurements of electrical conductance and thermocurrent while changing magnetic order using the temperature and magnetic field as tuning parameters. We find a strong enhancement of the thermoelectric power factor at around the Néel temperature. We further reveal that the power factor at low temperatures can be increased by up to 600% upon applying a magnetic field. Our results demonstrate that the thermoelectric properties of 2D magnets can be optimized by exploiting the sizable impact of spin-entropy and confirm thermoelectric measurements as a sensitive tool to investigate subtle magnetic phase transitions in low-dimensional magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Canetta
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Serhii Volosheniuk
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sayooj Satheesh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Aloïs Castellano
- Nanomat/Q-MAT/ and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Riccardo Conte
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel George Chica
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marko Burghard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthieu Jean Verstraete
- Nanomat/Q-MAT/ and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
- ITP, Physics Department, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Gehring
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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2
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Ziebel ME, Feuer ML, Cox J, Zhu X, Dean CR, Roy X. CrSBr: An Air-Stable, Two-Dimensional Magnetic Semiconductor. Nano Lett 2024; 24:4319-4329. [PMID: 38567828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of magnetic order at the 2D limit has sparked new exploration of van der Waals magnets for potential use in spintronics, magnonics, and quantum information applications. However, many of these materials feature low magnetic ordering temperatures and poor air stability, limiting their fabrication into practical devices. In this Mini-Review, we present a promising material for fundamental studies and functional use: CrSBr, an air-stable, two-dimensional magnetic semiconductor. Our discussion highlights experimental research on bulk CrSBr, including quasi-1D semiconducting properties, A-type antiferromagnetic order (TN = 132 K), and strong coupling between its electronic and magnetic properties. We then discuss the behavior of monolayer and few-layer flakes and present a perspective on promising avenues for further studies on CrSBr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Ziebel
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Margalit L Feuer
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jordan Cox
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Cory R Dean
- Columbia University, Department of Physics, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
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3
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Ruta FL, Zhang S, Shao Y, Moore SL, Acharya S, Sun Z, Qiu S, Geurs J, Kim BSY, Fu M, Chica DG, Pashov D, Xu X, Xiao D, Delor M, Zhu XY, Millis AJ, Roy X, Hone JC, Dean CR, Katsnelson MI, van Schilfgaarde M, Basov DN. Author Correction: Hyperbolic exciton polaritons in a van der Waals magnet. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1795. [PMID: 38413595 PMCID: PMC10899166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco L Ruta
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yinming Shao
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel L Moore
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Siyuan Qiu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johannes Geurs
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Nano Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian S Y Kim
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Fu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel G Chica
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dimitar Pashov
- Theory and Simulation of Condensed Matter, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mikhail I Katsnelson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Lee W, Li L, Camarasa-Gómez M, Hernangómez-Pérez D, Roy X, Evers F, Inkpen MS, Venkataraman L. Photooxidation driven formation of Fe-Au linked ferrocene-based single-molecule junctions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1439. [PMID: 38365892 PMCID: PMC10873316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-metal contacts, though not yet widely realized, may provide exciting opportunities to serve as tunable and functional interfaces in single-molecule devices. One of the simplest components which might facilitate such binding interactions is the ferrocene group. Notably, direct bonds between the ferrocene iron center and metals such as Pd or Co have been demonstrated in molecular complexes comprising coordinating ligands attached to the cyclopentadienyl rings. Here, we demonstrate that ferrocene-based single-molecule devices with Fe-Au interfacial contact geometries form at room temperature in the absence of supporting coordinating ligands. Applying a photoredox reaction, we propose that ferrocene only functions effectively as a contact group when oxidized, binding to gold through a formal Fe3+ center. This observation is further supported by a series of control measurements and density functional theory calculations. Our findings extend the scope of junction contact chemistries beyond those involving main group elements, lay the foundation for light switchable ferrocene-based single-molecule devices, and highlight new potential mechanistic function(s) of unsubstituted ferrocenium groups in synthetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - María Camarasa-Gómez
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Ferdinand Evers
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Michael S Inkpen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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5
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Cabanero DC, Kariofillis SK, Johns AC, Kim J, Ni J, Park S, Parker DL, Ramil CP, Roy X, Shah NH, Rovis T. Photocatalytic Activation of Aryl(trifluoromethyl) Diazos to Carbenes for High-Resolution Protein Labeling with Red Light. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1337-1345. [PMID: 38165744 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
State-of-the-art methods in photoproximity labeling center on the targeted generation and capture of short-lived reactive intermediates to provide a snapshot of local protein environments. Diazirines are the current gold standard for high-resolution proximity labeling, generating short-lived aryl(trifluoromethyl) carbenes. Here, we present a method to access aryl(trifluoromethyl) carbenes from a stable diazo source via tissue-penetrable, deep red to near-infrared light (600-800 nm). The operative mechanism of this activation involves Dexter energy transfer from photoexcited osmium(II) photocatalysts to the diazo, thus revealing an aryl(trifluoromethyl) carbene. The labeling preferences of the diazo probe with amino acids are studied, showing high reactivity toward heteroatom-H bonds. Upon the synthesis of a biotinylated diazo probe, labeling studies are conducted on native proteins as well as proteins conjugated to the Os photocatalyst. Finally, we demonstrate that the conjugation of a protein inhibitor to the photocatalyst also enables selective protein labeling in the presence of spectator proteins and achieves specific labeling of a membrane protein on the surface of mammalian cells via a two-antibody photocatalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Cabanero
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Stavros K Kariofillis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Andrew C Johns
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jizhi Ni
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sangho Park
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Dann L Parker
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Carlo P Ramil
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Neel H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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6
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Xu Y, Chen J, Aydt AP, Zhang L, Sergeyev I, Keeler EG, Choi B, He S, Reichman DR, Friesner RA, Nuckolls C, Steigerwald ML, Roy X, McDermott AE. Electron and Spin Delocalization in [Co 6 Se 8 (PEt 3 ) 6 ] 0/+1 Superatoms. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300064. [PMID: 38057144 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular clusters can function as nanoscale atoms/superatoms, assembling into superatomic solids, a new class of solid-state materials with designable properties through modifications on superatoms. To explore possibilities on diversifying building blocks, here we thoroughly studied one representative superatom, Co6 Se8 (PEt3 )6 . We probed its structural, electronic, and magnetic properties and revealed its detailed electronic structure as valence electrons delocalize over inorganic [Co6 Se8 ] core while ligands function as an insulated shell. 59 Co SSNMR measurements on the core and 31 P, 13 C on the ligands show that the neutral Co6 Se8 (PEt3 )6 is diamagnetic and symmetric, with all ligands magnetically equivalent. Quantum computations cross-validate NMR results and reveal degenerate delocalized HOMO orbitals, indicating aromaticity. Ligand substitution keeps the inorganic core nearly intact. After losing one electron, the unpaired electron in [Co6 Se8 (PEt3 )6 ]+1 is delocalized, causing paramagnetism and a delocalized electron spin. Notably, this feature of electron/spin delocalization over a large cluster is attractive for special single-electron devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Alexander P Aydt
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Lichirui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Ivan Sergeyev
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Eric G Keeler
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Bonnie Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Shoushou He
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Richard A Friesner
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | | | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Ann E McDermott
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
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7
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Posey VA, Turkel S, Rezaee M, Devarakonda A, Kundu AK, Ong CS, Thinel M, Chica DG, Vitalone RA, Jing R, Xu S, Needell DR, Meirzadeh E, Feuer ML, Jindal A, Cui X, Valla T, Thunström P, Yilmaz T, Vescovo E, Graf D, Zhu X, Scheie A, May AF, Eriksson O, Basov DN, Dean CR, Rubio A, Kim P, Ziebel ME, Millis AJ, Pasupathy AN, Roy X. Two-dimensional heavy fermions in the van der Waals metal CeSiI. Nature 2024; 625:483-488. [PMID: 38233620 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Heavy-fermion metals are prototype systems for observing emergent quantum phases driven by electronic interactions1-6. A long-standing aspiration is the dimensional reduction of these materials to exert control over their quantum phases7-11, which remains a significant challenge because traditional intermetallic heavy-fermion compounds have three-dimensional atomic and electronic structures. Here we report comprehensive thermodynamic and spectroscopic evidence of an antiferromagnetically ordered heavy-fermion ground state in CeSiI, an intermetallic comprising two-dimensional (2D) metallic sheets held together by weak interlayer van der Waals (vdW) interactions. Owing to its vdW nature, CeSiI has a quasi-2D electronic structure, and we can control its physical dimension through exfoliation. The emergence of coherent hybridization of f and conduction electrons at low temperature is supported by the temperature evolution of angle-resolved photoemission and scanning tunnelling spectra near the Fermi level and by heat capacity measurements. Electrical transport measurements on few-layer flakes reveal heavy-fermion behaviour and magnetic order down to the ultra-thin regime. Our work establishes CeSiI and related materials as a unique platform for studying dimensionally confined heavy fermions in bulk crystals and employing 2D device fabrication techniques and vdW heterostructures12 to manipulate the interplay between Kondo screening, magnetic order and proximity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Turkel
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Mehdi Rezaee
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Asish K Kundu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Chin Shen Ong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Morgan Thinel
- Chemistry Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel G Chica
- Chemistry Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ran Jing
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suheng Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David R Needell
- Chemistry Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena Meirzadeh
- Chemistry Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Apoorv Jindal
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Cui
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tonica Valla
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Patrik Thunström
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Turgut Yilmaz
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Elio Vescovo
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, NY, USA
| | - David Graf
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Chemistry Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allen Scheie
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- MPA-Q, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Andrew F May
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Olle Eriksson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D N Basov
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics, Hamburg, Germany.
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Departmento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain.
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Philip Kim
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Millis
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Abhay N Pasupathy
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
| | - Xavier Roy
- Chemistry Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Ruta FL, Zhang S, Shao Y, Moore SL, Acharya S, Sun Z, Qiu S, Geurs J, Kim BSY, Fu M, Chica DG, Pashov D, Xu X, Xiao D, Delor M, Zhu XY, Millis AJ, Roy X, Hone JC, Dean CR, Katsnelson MI, van Schilfgaarde M, Basov DN. Hyperbolic exciton polaritons in a van der Waals magnet. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8261. [PMID: 38086835 PMCID: PMC10716151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Exciton polaritons are quasiparticles of photons coupled strongly to bound electron-hole pairs, manifesting as an anti-crossing light dispersion near an exciton resonance. Highly anisotropic semiconductors with opposite-signed permittivities along different crystal axes are predicted to host exotic modes inside the anti-crossing called hyperbolic exciton polaritons (HEPs), which confine light subdiffractionally with enhanced density of states. Here, we show observational evidence of steady-state HEPs in the van der Waals magnet chromium sulfide bromide (CrSBr) using a cryogenic near-infrared near-field microscope. At low temperatures, in the magnetically-ordered state, anisotropic exciton resonances sharpen, driving the permittivity negative along one crystal axis and enabling HEP propagation. We characterize HEP momentum and losses in CrSBr, also demonstrating coupling to excitonic sidebands and enhancement by magnetic order: which boosts exciton spectral weight via wavefunction delocalization. Our findings open new pathways to nanoscale manipulation of excitons and light, including routes to magnetic, nonlocal, and quantum polaritonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco L Ruta
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yinming Shao
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel L Moore
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Siyuan Qiu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johannes Geurs
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Nano Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian S Y Kim
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Fu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel G Chica
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dimitar Pashov
- Theory and Simulation of Condensed Matter, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mikhail I Katsnelson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Han SY, Telford EJ, Kundu AK, Bintrim SJ, Turkel S, Wiscons RA, Zangiabadi A, Choi ES, Li TD, Steigerwald ML, Berkelbach TC, Pasupathy AN, Dean CR, Nuckolls C, Roy X. Interplay between Local Moment and Itinerant Magnetism in the Layered Metallic Antiferromagnet TaFe 1.14Te 3. Nano Lett 2023; 23:10449-10457. [PMID: 37934894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional antiferromagnets have garnered considerable interest for the next generation of functional spintronics. However, many bulk materials from which two-dimensional antiferromagnets are isolated are limited by their air sensitivity, low ordering temperatures, and insulating transport properties. TaFe1+yTe3 aims to address these challenges with increased air stability, metallic transport, and robust antiferromagnetism. Here, we synthesize TaFe1+yTe3 (y = 0.14), identify its structural, magnetic, and electronic properties, and elucidate the relationships between them. Axial-dependent high-field magnetization measurements on TaFe1.14Te3 reveal saturation magnetic fields ranging between 27 and 30 T with saturation magnetic moments of 2.05-2.12 μB. Magnetotransport measurements confirm that TaFe1.14Te3 is metallic with strong coupling between magnetic order and electronic transport. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements across the magnetic transition uncover a complex interplay between itinerant electrons and local magnetic moments that drives the magnetic transition. We demonstrate the ability to isolate few-layer sheets of TaFe1.14Te3, establishing TaFe1.14Te3 as a potential platform for two-dimensional spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Young Han
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Evan J Telford
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 538 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Asish K Kundu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, PO Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Sylvia J Bintrim
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Simon Turkel
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 538 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ren A Wiscons
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Amirali Zangiabadi
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, 500 W 120th St, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Eun-Sang Choi
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Tai-De Li
- Nanoscience Initiative at Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Physics, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Timothy C Berkelbach
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Abhay N Pasupathy
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 538 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, PO Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 538 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
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10
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Higaki T, Russell JC, Paley DW, Roy X, Jin R. Electron transport through supercrystals of atomically precise gold nanoclusters: a thermal bi-stability effect. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13191-13197. [PMID: 38023517 PMCID: PMC10664525 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02753h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) may behave like atoms or molecules in the self-assembly into artificial solids with stimuli-responsive properties. However, the functionality engineering of nanoparticle-assembled solids is still far behind the aesthetic approaches for molecules, with a major problem arising from the lack of atomic-precision in the NPs, which leads to incoherence in superlattices. Here we exploit coherent superlattices (or supercrystals) that are assembled from atomically precise Au103S2(SR)41 NPs (core dia. = 1.6 nm, SR = thiolate) for controlling the charge transport properties with atomic-level structural insights. The resolved interparticle ligand packing in Au103S2(SR)41-assembled solids reveals the mechanism behind the thermally-induced sharp transition in charge transport through the macroscopic crystal. Specifically, the response to temperature induces the conformational change to the R groups of surface ligands, as revealed by variable temperature X-ray crystallography with atomic resolution. Overall, this approach leads to an atomic-level correlation between the interparticle structure and a bi-stability functionality of self-assembled supercrystals, and the strategy may enable control over such materials with other novel functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Jake C Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA
| | - Daniel W Paley
- Columbia Nano Initiative, Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
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11
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Baxter JM, Koay CS, Xu D, Cheng SW, Tulyagankhodjaev JA, Shih P, Roy X, Delor M. Coexistence of Incoherent and Ultrafast Coherent Exciton Transport in a Two-Dimensional Superatomic Semiconductor. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10249-10256. [PMID: 37938804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Fully leveraging the remarkable properties of low-dimensional semiconductors requires developing a deep understanding of how their structure and disorder affect the flow of electronic energy. Here, we study exciton transport in single crystals of the two-dimensional superatomic semiconductor CsRe6Se8I3, which straddles a photophysically rich yet elusive intermediate electronic-coupling regime. Using femtosecond scattering microscopy to directly image exciton transport in CsRe6Se8I3, we reveal the rare coexistence of coherent and incoherent exciton transport, leading to either persistent or transient electronic delocalization depending on temperature. Notably, coherent excitons exhibit ballistic transport at speeds approaching an extraordinary 1600 km/s over 300 fs. Such fast transport is mediated by J-aggregate-like superradiance, owing to the anisotropic structure and long-range order of CsRe6Se8I3. Our results establish superatomic crystals as ideal platforms for studying the intermediate electronic-coupling regime in highly ordered environments, in this case displaying long-range electronic delocalization, ultrafast energy flow, and a tunable dual transport regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Baxter
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Christie S Koay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shan-Wen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Petra Shih
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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12
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Tulyagankhodjaev JA, Shih P, Yu J, Russell JC, Chica DG, Reynoso ME, Su H, Stenor AC, Roy X, Berkelbach TC, Delor M. Room-temperature wavelike exciton transport in a van der Waals superatomic semiconductor. Science 2023; 382:438-442. [PMID: 37883547 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The transport of energy and information in semiconductors is limited by scattering between electronic carriers and lattice phonons, resulting in diffusive and lossy transport that curtails all semiconductor technologies. Using Re6Se8Cl2, a van der Waals (vdW) superatomic semiconductor, we demonstrate the formation of acoustic exciton-polarons, an electronic quasiparticle shielded from phonon scattering. We directly imaged polaron transport in Re6Se8Cl2 at room temperature, revealing quasi-ballistic, wavelike propagation sustained for a nanosecond and several micrometers. Shielded polaron transport leads to electronic energy propagation lengths orders of magnitude greater than in other vdW semiconductors, exceeding even silicon over a nanosecond. We propose that, counterintuitively, quasi-flat electronic bands and strong exciton-acoustic phonon coupling are together responsible for the transport properties of Re6Se8Cl2, establishing a path to ballistic room-temperature semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Shih
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jessica Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jake C Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Daniel G Chica
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Haowen Su
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Athena C Stenor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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13
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Cham TMJ, Dorrian RJ, Zhang XS, Dismukes AH, Chica DG, May AF, Roy X, Muller DA, Ralph DC, Luo YK. Exchange Bias Between van der Waals Materials: Tilted Magnetic States and Field-Free Spin-Orbit-Torque Switching. Adv Mater 2023:e2305739. [PMID: 37800466 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic van der Waals heterostructures provide a unique platform to study magnetism and spintronics device concepts in the 2D limit. Here, studies of exchange bias from the van der Waals antiferromagnet CrSBr acting on the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3 GeTe2 (FGT) are reported. The orientation of the exchange bias is along the in-plane easy axis of CrSBr, perpendicular to the out-of-plane anisotropy of the FGT, inducing a strongly tilted magnetic configuration in the FGT. Furthermore, the in-plane exchange bias provides sufficient symmetry breaking to allow deterministic spin-orbit torque switching of the FGT in CrSBr/FGT/Pt samples at zero applied magnetic field. A minimum thickness of the CrSBr of >10 nm is needed to provide a non-zero exchange bias at 30 K.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Avalon H Dismukes
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Daniel G Chica
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Andrew F May
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - David A Muller
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Daniel C Ralph
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yunqiu Kelly Luo
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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14
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He S, Okuno S, Ng FW, Pang X, Esposito DV, Orchanian NM, Steigerwald ML, Roy X, Nuckolls C. Functional Monolayers on a Superatomic Pegboard. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37023032 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
We advance the chemistry of apical chlorine substitution in the 2D superatomic semiconductor Re6Se8Cl2 to build functional and atomically precise monolayers on the surface of the 2D superatomic Re6Se8 substrate. We create a functional monolayer by installing surface (2,2'-bipyridine)-4-sulfide (Sbpy) groups that chelate to catalytically active metal complexes. Through this reaction chemistry, we can create monolayers where we can control the distribution of catalytic sites. As a demonstration, we create highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction using monolayers of cobalt(acetylacetonate)2bipyridine. We can further produce a series of catalysts by incorporating organic spacers in the functional monolayers. The structure and flexibility of the surface linkers can affect the catalytic performance, possibly by tuning the coupling between the functional monolayer and the superatomic substrate. These studies establish that the Re6Se8 sheet behaves as a chemical pegboard: a surface amenable to geometrically and chemically well-defined modification to yield functional monolayers, in this case catalytically active, that are atomically precise. This is an effective method to generate diverse families of functional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoushou He
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Saya Okuno
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Fay W Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xueqi Pang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Daniel V Esposito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Nicholas M Orchanian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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15
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Diederich GM, Cenker J, Ren Y, Fonseca J, Chica DG, Bae YJ, Zhu X, Roy X, Cao T, Xiao D, Xu X. Tunable interaction between excitons and hybridized magnons in a layered semiconductor. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:23-28. [PMID: 36577852 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between distinct excitations in solids is of both fundamental interest and technological importance. One such interaction is the coupling between an exciton, a Coulomb bound electron-hole pair, and a magnon, a collective spin excitation. The recent emergence of van der Waals magnetic semiconductors1 provides a platform to explore these exciton-magnon interactions and their fundamental properties, such as strong correlation2, as well as their photospintronic and quantum transduction3 applications. Here we demonstrate the precise control of coherent exciton-magnon interactions in the layered magnetic semiconductor CrSBr. We varied the direction of an applied magnetic field relative to the crystal axes, and thus the rotational symmetry of the magnetic system4. Thereby, we tuned not only the exciton coupling to the bright magnon, but also to an optically dark mode via magnon-magnon hybridization. We further modulated the exciton-magnon coupling and the associated magnon dispersion curves through the application of uniaxial strain. At a critical strain, a dispersionless dark magnon band emerged. Our results demonstrate an unprecedented level of control of the opto-mechanical-magnonic coupling, and a step towards the predictable and controllable implementation of hybrid quantum magnonics5-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Diederich
- Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John Cenker
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yafei Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jordan Fonseca
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel G Chica
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Youn Jue Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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16
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Dereeper A, Gruel G, Pot M, Couvin D, Barbier E, Bastian S, Bambou JC, Gelu-Simeon M, Ferdinand S, Guyomard-Rabenirina S, Passet V, Martino F, Piveteau P, Reynaud Y, Rodrigues C, Roger PM, Roy X, Talarmin A, Tressieres B, Valette M, Brisse S, Breurec S. Limited Transmission of Klebsiella pneumoniae among Humans, Animals, and the Environment in a Caribbean Island, Guadeloupe (French West Indies). Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0124222. [PMID: 36094181 PMCID: PMC9603589 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01242-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Guadeloupe (French West Indies), a Caribbean island, is an ideal place to study the reservoirs of the Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex (KpSC) and identify the routes of transmission between human and nonhuman sources due to its insularity, small population size, and small area. Here, we report an analysis of 590 biological samples, 546 KpSC isolates, and 331 genome sequences collected between January 2018 and May 2019. The KpSC appears to be common whatever the source. Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates (21.4%) belonged to K. pneumoniae sensu stricto (phylogroup Kp1), and all but one were recovered from the hospital setting. The distribution of species and phylogroups across the different niches was clearly nonrandom, with a distinct separation of Kp1 and Klebsiella variicola (Kp3). The most frequent sequence types (STs) (≥5 isolates) were previously recognized as high-risk multidrug-resistant (MDR) clones, namely, ST17, ST307, ST11, ST147, ST152, and ST45. Only 8 out of the 63 STs (12.7%) associated with human isolates were also found in nonhuman sources. A total of 22 KpSC isolates were defined as hypervirulent: 15 associated with human infections (9.8% of all human isolates), 4 (8.9%) associated with dogs, and 3 (15%) associated with pigs. Most of the human isolates (33.3%) belonged to the globally successful sublineage CG23-I. ST86 was the only clone shared by a human and a nonhuman (dog) source. Our work shows the limited transmission of KpSC isolates between human and nonhuman sources and points to the hospital setting as a cornerstone of the spread of MDR clones and antibiotic resistance genes. IMPORTANCE In this study, we characterized the presence and genomic features of isolates of the Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex (KpSC) from human and nonhuman sources in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) in order to identify the reservoirs and routes of transmission. This is the first study in an island environment, an ideal setting that limits the contribution of external imports. Our data showed the limited transmission of KpSC isolates between the different compartments. In contrast, we identified the hospital setting as the epicenter of antibiotic resistance due to the nosocomial spread of successful multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae clones and antibiotic resistance genes. Ecological barriers and/or limited exposure may restrict spread from the hospital setting to other reservoirs and vice versa. These results highlight the need for control strategies focused on health care centers, using genomic surveillance to limit the spread, particularly of high-risk clones, of this important group of MDR pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Dereeper
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Gaëlle Gruel
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Matthieu Pot
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - David Couvin
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Elodie Barbier
- UMR AgroEcologie, INRAE, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvaine Bastian
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Center of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre/Les Abymes, France
| | | | - Moana Gelu-Simeon
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital Center of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre/Les Abymes, France
| | - Séverine Ferdinand
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | | | - Virginie Passet
- Institut Pasteur, University Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Martino
- Intensive Care Department, University Hospital Center of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre/Les Abymes, France
| | | | - Yann Reynaud
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Carla Rodrigues
- Institut Pasteur, University Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Roger
- Infectious Disease Department, University Hospital Center of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre/Les Abymes, France
- Faculty of Medecine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, University of the Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Xavier Roy
- Veterinary Clinic, Baie-Mahault, Guadeloupe
| | - Antoine Talarmin
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Benoit Tressieres
- INSERM Center for Clinical Investigation 1424, Pointe-à-Pitre/Les Abymes, France
| | - Marc Valette
- Intensive Care Department, University Hospital Center of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre/Les Abymes, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, University Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Breurec
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Center of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre/Les Abymes, France
- Faculty of Medecine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, University of the Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- INSERM Center for Clinical Investigation 1424, Pointe-à-Pitre/Les Abymes, France
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17
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Stone IB, Starr RL, Hoffmann N, Wang X, Evans AM, Nuckolls C, Lambert TH, Steigerwald ML, Berkelbach TC, Roy X, Venkataraman L. Interfacial electric fields catalyze Ullmann coupling reactions on gold surfaces. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10798-10805. [PMID: 36320717 PMCID: PMC9491086 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03780g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The electric fields created at solid-liquid interfaces are important in heterogeneous catalysis. Here we describe the Ullmann coupling of aryl iodides on rough gold surfaces, which we monitor in situ using the scanning tunneling microscope-based break junction (STM-BJ) and ex situ using mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. We find that this Ullmann coupling reaction occurs only on rough gold surfaces in polar solvents, the latter of which implicates interfacial electric fields. These experimental observations are supported by density functional theory calculations that elucidate the roles of surface roughness and local electric fields on the reaction. More broadly, this touchstone study offers a facile method to access and probe in real time an increasingly prominent yet incompletely understood mode of catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana B Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA
| | - Rachel L Starr
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA
| | - Norah Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute New York New York 10010 USA
| | - Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | | | - Timothy C Berkelbach
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute New York New York 10010 USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA
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18
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Bartholomew AK, Stone IB, Steigerwald ML, Lambert TH, Roy X. Highly Twisted Azobenzene Ligand Causes Crystals to Continuously Roll in Sunlight. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16773-16777. [PMID: 36084324 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct conversion of solar energy to mechanical work promises higher efficiency than multistep processes, adding a key tool to the arsenal of energy solutions necessary for our global future. The ideal photomechanical material would convert sunlight into mechanical motion rapidly, without attrition, and proportionally to the stimulus. We describe crystals of a tetrahedral isocyanoazobenzene-copper complex that roll continuously when irradiated with broad spectrum white light, including sunlight. The rolling results from bending and straightening of the crystal due to blue light-driven isomerization of a highly twisted azobenzene ligand. These findings introduce geometrically constrained crystal packing as a strategy for manipulating the electronic properties of chromophores. Furthermore, the continuous, solar-driven motion of the crystals demonstrates direct conversion of solar energy to continuous physical motion using easily accessed molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilana B Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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19
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Telford EJ, Dismukes AH, Lee K, Cheng M, Wieteska A, Bartholomew AK, Chen YS, Xu X, Pasupathy AN, Zhu X, Dean CR, Roy X. Layered Antiferromagnetism Induces Large Negative Magnetoresistance in the van der Waals Semiconductor CrSBr. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2205639. [PMID: 36047736 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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20
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Scheie A, Ziebel M, Chica DG, Bae YJ, Wang X, Kolesnikov AI, Zhu X, Roy X. Spin Waves and Magnetic Exchange Hamiltonian in CrSBr. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2202467. [PMID: 35798311 PMCID: PMC9443475 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
CrSBr is an air-stable two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals semiconducting magnet with great technological promise, but its atomic-scale magnetic interactions-crucial information for high-frequency switching-are poorly understood. An experimental study is presented to determine the CrSBr magnetic exchange Hamiltonian and bulk magnon spectrum. The A-type antiferromagnetic order using single crystal neutron diffraction is confirmed here. The magnon dispersions are also measured using inelastic neutron scattering and rigorously fit the excitation modes to a spin wave model. The magnon spectrum is well described by an intra-plane ferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange model with seven nearest in-plane exchanges. This fitted exchange Hamiltonian enables theoretical predictions of CrSBr behavior: as one example, the fitted Hamiltonian is used to predict the presence of chiral magnon edge modes with a spin-orbit enhanced CrSBr heterostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Scheie
- Neutron Scattering DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Michael Ziebel
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Daniel G. Chica
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Youn June Bae
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Neutron Scattering DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | | | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
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21
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Cham TMJ, Karimeddiny S, Dismukes AH, Roy X, Ralph DC, Luo YK. Anisotropic Gigahertz Antiferromagnetic Resonances of the Easy-Axis van der Waals Antiferromagnet CrSBr. Nano Lett 2022; 22:6716-6723. [PMID: 35925774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of antiferromagnetic resonances in the van der Waals easy-axis antiferromagnet CrSBr. The interlayer exchange field and magnetocrystalline anisotropy fields are comparable to laboratory magnetic fields, allowing a rich variety of gigahertz-frequency dynamical modes to be accessed. By mapping the resonance frequencies as a function of the magnitude and angle of applied magnetic field, we identify the different regimes of antiferromagnetic dynamics. The spectra show good agreement with a Landau-Lifshitz model for two antiferromagnetically coupled sublattices, accounting for interlayer exchange and triaxial magnetic anisotropy. Fits allow us to quantify the parameters governing the magnetic dynamics: At 5 K, the interlayer exchange field is μ0HE = 0.395(2) T, and the hard and intermediate-axis anisotropy parameters are μ0Hc = 1.30(2) T and μ0Ha = 0.383(7) T. The existence of within-plane anisotropy makes it possible to control the degree of hybridization between the antiferromagnetic resonances using an in-plane magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Avalon H Dismukes
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Daniel C Ralph
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Kavli Institute at Cornell, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yunqiu Kelly Luo
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Kavli Institute at Cornell, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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22
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Telford EJ, Dismukes AH, Dudley RL, Wiscons RA, Lee K, Chica DG, Ziebel ME, Han MG, Yu J, Shabani S, Scheie A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Xiao D, Zhu Y, Pasupathy AN, Nuckolls C, Zhu X, Dean CR, Roy X. Coupling between magnetic order and charge transport in a two-dimensional magnetic semiconductor. Nat Mater 2022; 21:754-760. [PMID: 35513502 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors, featuring tunable electrical transport, and magnets, featuring tunable spin configurations, form the basis of many information technologies. A long-standing challenge has been to realize materials that integrate and connect these two distinct properties. Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer a platform to realize this concept, but known 2D magnetic semiconductors are electrically insulating in their magnetic phase. Here we demonstrate tunable electron transport within the magnetic phase of the 2D semiconductor CrSBr and reveal strong coupling between its magnetic order and charge transport. This provides an opportunity to characterize the layer-dependent magnetic order of CrSBr down to the monolayer via magnetotransport. Exploiting the sensitivity of magnetoresistance to magnetic order, we uncover a second regime characterized by coupling between charge carriers and magnetic defects. The magnetoresistance within this regime can be dynamically and reversibly tuned by varying the carrier concentration using an electrostatic gate, providing a mechanism for controlling charge transport in 2D magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Telford
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Ren A Wiscons
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kihong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel G Chica
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Myung-Geun Han
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Shabani
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allen Scheie
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Abhay N Pasupathy
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Rizzo DJ, McLeod AS, Carnahan C, Telford EJ, Dismukes AH, Wiscons RA, Dong Y, Nuckolls C, Dean CR, Pasupathy AN, Roy X, Xiao D, Basov DN. Visualizing Atomically Layered Magnetism in CrSBr. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2201000. [PMID: 35504841 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2D materials can host long-range magnetic order in the presence of underlying magnetic anisotropy. The ability to realize the full potential of 2D magnets necessitates systematic investigation of the role of individual atomic layers and nanoscale inhomogeneity (i.e., strain) on the emergence of stable magnetic phases. Here, spatially dependent magnetism in few-layer CrSBr is revealed using magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and Monte Carlo-based simulations. Nanoscale visualization of the magnetic sheet susceptibility is extracted from MFM data and force-distance curves, revealing a characteristic onset of both intra- and interlayer magnetic correlations as a function of temperature and layer-thickness. These results demonstrate that the presence of a single uncompensated layer in odd-layer terraces significantly reduces the stability of the low-temperature antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase and gives rise to multiple coexisting magnetic ground states at temperatures close to the bulk Néel temperature (TN ). Furthermore, the AFM phase can be reliably suppressed using modest fields (≈16 mT) from the MFM probe, behaving as a nanoscale magnetic switch. This prototypical study of few-layer CrSBr demonstrates the critical role of layer parity on field-tunable 2D magnetism and validates MFM for use in nanomagnetometry of 2D materials (despite the ubiquitous absence of bulk zero-field magnetism in magnetized sheets).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Rizzo
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Caitlin Carnahan
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Evan J Telford
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Avalon H Dismukes
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Ren A Wiscons
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Yinan Dong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Abhay N Pasupathy
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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24
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Lee W, Louie S, Evans AM, Orchanian NM, Stone IB, Zhang B, Wei Y, Roy X, Nuckolls C, Venkataraman L. Increased Molecular Conductance in Oligo[ n]phenylene Wires by Thermally Enhanced Dihedral Planarization. Nano Lett 2022; 22:4919-4924. [PMID: 35640062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coherent tunneling electron transport through molecular wires has been theoretically established as a temperature-independent process. Although several experimental studies have shown counter examples, robust models to describe this temperature dependence have not been thoroughly developed. Here, we demonstrate that dynamic molecular structures lead to temperature-dependent conductance within coherent tunneling regime. Using a custom-built variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy break-junction instrument, we find that oligo[n]phenylenes exhibit clear temperature-dependent conductance. Our calculations reveal that thermally activated dihedral rotations allow these molecular wires to have a higher probability of being in a planar conformation. As the tunneling occurs primarily through π-orbitals, enhanced coplanarization substantially increases the time-averaged tunneling probability. These calculations are consistent with the observation that more rotational pivot points in longer molecular wires leads to larger temperature-dependence on conductance. These findings reveal that molecular conductance within coherent and off-resonant electron transport regimes can be controlled by manipulating dynamic molecular structure.
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25
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Gruel G, Couvin D, Guyomard-Rabenirina S, Arlet G, Bambou JC, Pot M, Roy X, Talarmin A, Tressieres B, Ferdinand S, Breurec S. High Prevalence of bla CTXM-1/IncI1-Iγ/ST3 Plasmids in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates Collected From Domestic Animals in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:882422. [PMID: 35651489 PMCID: PMC9149308 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.882422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) have been classified in the group of resistant bacteria of highest priority. We determined the prevalence of ESBL-E collected in feces from household and shelter pets in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). A single rectal swab was taken from 125 dogs and 60 cats between June and September 2019. The prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-E was 7.6% (14/185, 95% CI: 4.2-12.4), within the range observed worldwide. The only risk factor associated with a higher prevalence of ESBL-E rectal carriage was a stay in a shelter, suggesting that refuges could be hotspots for their acquisition. All but one (Klebsiella pneumoniae from a cat) were Escherichia coli. We noted the presence of a bla CTX-M-1/IncI1-Iγ/sequence type (ST3) plasmid in 11 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates belonging to ST328 (n = 6), ST155 (n = 4) and ST953 (n = 1). A bla CTX-M-15 gene was identified in the three remaining ESBL-E isolates. The bla CTX-M-1 and most of the antimicrobial resistance genes were present in a well-conserved large conjugative IncI1-Iγ/ST3 plasmid characterized by two accessory regions containing antibiotic resistance genes. The plasmid has been detected worldwide in E. coli isolates from humans and several animal species, such as food-producing animals, wild birds and pets, and from the environment. This study shows the potential role of pets as a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria or genes for humans and underlines the importance of basic hygiene measures by owners of companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Gruel
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - David Couvin
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | | | | | | | - Matthieu Pot
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | | | - Antoine Talarmin
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Benoit Tressieres
- INSERM 1424, Center for Clinical Investigation, University Hospital Center of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Séverine Ferdinand
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Sébastien Breurec
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France.,INSERM 1424, Center for Clinical Investigation, University Hospital Center of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France.,Faculty of Medicine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, University of the Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
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26
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Wang QH, Bedoya-Pinto A, Blei M, Dismukes AH, Hamo A, Jenkins S, Koperski M, Liu Y, Sun QC, Telford EJ, Kim HH, Augustin M, Vool U, Yin JX, Li LH, Falin A, Dean CR, Casanova F, Evans RFL, Chshiev M, Mishchenko A, Petrovic C, He R, Zhao L, Tsen AW, Gerardot BD, Brotons-Gisbert M, Guguchia Z, Roy X, Tongay S, Wang Z, Hasan MZ, Wrachtrup J, Yacoby A, Fert A, Parkin S, Novoselov KS, Dai P, Balicas L, Santos EJG. The Magnetic Genome of Two-Dimensional van der Waals Materials. ACS Nano 2022; 16:6960-7079. [PMID: 35442017 PMCID: PMC9134533 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials has recently emerged as one of the most promising areas in condensed matter research, with many exciting emerging properties and significant potential for applications ranging from topological magnonics to low-power spintronics, quantum computing, and optical communications. In the brief time after their discovery, 2D magnets have blossomed into a rich area for investigation, where fundamental concepts in magnetism are challenged by the behavior of spins that can develop at the single layer limit. However, much effort is still needed in multiple fronts before 2D magnets can be routinely used for practical implementations. In this comprehensive review, prominent authors with expertise in complementary fields of 2D magnetism (i.e., synthesis, device engineering, magneto-optics, imaging, transport, mechanics, spin excitations, and theory and simulations) have joined together to provide a genome of current knowledge and a guideline for future developments in 2D magnetic materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hua Wang
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Amilcar Bedoya-Pinto
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat
de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Mark Blei
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Avalon H. Dismukes
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Assaf Hamo
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Sarah Jenkins
- Twist
Group,
Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Duisburg, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Koperski
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Qi-Chao Sun
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Evan J. Telford
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering
Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of
Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Mathias Augustin
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Uri Vool
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John Harvard
Distinguished Science Fellows Program, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jia-Xin Yin
- Laboratory
for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lu Hua Li
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Alexey Falin
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Cory R. Dean
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE
BRTA, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque
Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Richard F. L. Evans
- Department
of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Mairbek Chshiev
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Artem Mishchenko
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Cedomir Petrovic
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Rui He
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, 910 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United
States
| | - Liuyan Zhao
- Department
of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Adam W. Tsen
- Institute
for Quantum Computing and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Brian D. Gerardot
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Brotons-Gisbert
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Zurab Guguchia
- Laboratory
for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer
Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M. Zahid Hasan
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Princeton
Institute for Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Joerg Wrachtrup
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amir Yacoby
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A.
Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Albert Fert
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Unité
Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
- Department
of Materials Physics UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Stuart Parkin
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Pengcheng Dai
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Luis Balicas
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Elton J. G. Santos
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Higgs Centre
for Theoretical Physics, The University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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28
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Han SY, Mow RK, Bartholomew AK, Ng F, Steigerwald ML, Roy X, Nuckolls C, Wiscons RA. Broad-band Chiral Absorbance of Visible Light. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5263-5267. [PMID: 35302759 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The amplification of chiral absorbance and emission is a primary figure of merit for the design of chiral chromophores. However, for dyes to be practically relevant in chiroptical applications, they must also absorb and/or emit chiral light over broad wavelength ranges. We investigate the interplay between molecular symmetry and broad-band chiral absorbance in a series of [6]helicenes. We find that an asymmetric [6]helicene containing two distinct chromophores absorbs chiral light across a much wider wavelength range than the symmetric [6]helicenes investigated here. Chemically reducing the helicenes shifts the absorption edge of the ECD spectra into the near-infrared wavelength range while preserving broad chiral absorption, producing a [6]helicene that absorbs a single handedness of light across the entire visible wavelength range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Young Han
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Rachael K Mow
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Fay Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ren A Wiscons
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
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29
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Bista D, Aydt AP, Anderton KJ, Paley DW, Betley TA, Reber AC, Chauhan V, Bartholomew AK, Roy X, Khanna SN. High-Spin Superatom Stabilized by Dual Subshell Filling. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5172-5179. [PMID: 35289175 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quantum confinement in small symmetric clusters leads to the bunching of electronic states into closely packed shells, enabling the classification of clusters with well-defined valences as superatoms. Like atoms, superatomic clusters with filled shells exhibit enhanced electronic stability. Here, we show that octahedral transition-metal chalcogenide clusters can achieve filled shell electronic configurations when they have 100 valence electrons in 50 orbitals or 114 valence electrons in 57 orbitals. While these stable clusters are intrinsically diamagnetic, we use our understanding of their electronic structures to theoretically predict that a cluster with 107 valence electrons would uniquely combine high stability and high-spin magnetic moment, attained by filling a majority subshell of 57 electrons and a minority subshell of 50 electrons. We experimentally demonstrate this predicted stability, high-spin magnetic moment (S = 7/2), and fully delocalized electronic structure in a new cluster, [NEt4]5[Fe6S8(CN)6]. This work presents the first computational and experimental demonstration of the importance of dual subshell filling in transition-metal chalcogenide clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bista
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
| | - Alexander P Aydt
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kevin J Anderton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Daniel W Paley
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Arthur C Reber
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
| | - Vikas Chauhan
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
| | | | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shiv N Khanna
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
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30
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Cenker J, Sivakumar S, Xie K, Miller A, Thijssen P, Liu Z, Dismukes A, Fonseca J, Anderson E, Zhu X, Roy X, Xiao D, Chu JH, Cao T, Xu X. Reversible strain-induced magnetic phase transition in a van der Waals magnet. Nat Nanotechnol 2022; 17:256-261. [PMID: 35058657 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical deformation of a crystal can have a profound effect on its physical properties. Notably, even small modifications of bond geometry can completely change the size and sign of magnetic exchange interactions and thus the magnetic ground state. Here we report the strain tuning of the magnetic properties of the A-type layered antiferromagnetic semiconductor CrSBr achieved by designing a strain device that can apply continuous, in situ uniaxial tensile strain to two-dimensional materials, reaching several percent at cryogenic temperatures. Using this apparatus, we realize a reversible strain-induced antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic phase transition at zero magnetic field and strain control of the out-of-plane spin-canting process. First-principles calculations reveal that the tuning of the in-plane lattice constant strongly modifies the interlayer magnetic exchange interaction, which changes sign at the critical strain. Our work creates new opportunities for harnessing the strain control of magnetism and other electronic states in low-dimensional materials and heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cenker
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shivesh Sivakumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaichen Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron Miller
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pearl Thijssen
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Avalon Dismukes
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordan Fonseca
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Anderson
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jiun-Haw Chu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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31
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Bartholomew AK, Meirzadeh E, Stone IB, Koay CS, Nuckolls C, Steigerwald ML, Crowther AC, Roy X. Superatom Regiochemistry Dictates the Assembly and Surface Reactivity of a Two-Dimensional Material. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1119-1124. [PMID: 35020382 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The area of two-dimensional (2D) materials research would benefit greatly from the development of synthetically tunable van der Waals (vdW) materials. While the bottom-up synthesis of 2D frameworks from nanoscale building blocks holds great promise in this quest, there are many remaining hurdles, including the design of building blocks that reliably produce 2D lattices and the growth of macroscopic crystals that can be exfoliated to produce 2D materials. Here we report the regioselective synthesis of the cluster [trans-Co6Se8(CN)4(CO)2]3-/4-, a "superatomic" building block designed to polymerize and assemble into a 2D cyanometalate lattice whose surfaces are chemically addressable. The resulting vdW material, [Co(py)4]2[trans-Co6Se8(CN)4(CO)2], grows as bulk single crystals that can be mechanically exfoliated to produce flakes as thin as bilayers, with photolabile CO ligands on the exfoliated surface. As a proof of concept, we show that these surface CO ligands can be replaced by 4-isocyanoazobenzene under blue light irradiation. This work demonstrates that the bottom-up assembly of layered vdW materials from superatoms is a promising and versatile approach to create 2D materials with tunable physical and chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Meirzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ilana B Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Christie S Koay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Andrew C Crowther
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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32
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He S, Evans AM, Meirzadeh E, Han SY, Russell JC, Wiscons RA, Bartholomew AK, Reed DA, Zangiabadi A, Steigerwald ML, Nuckolls C, Roy X. Site-Selective Surface Modification of 2D Superatomic Re 6Se 8. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:74-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoushou He
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Austin M. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Elena Meirzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sae Young Han
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jake C. Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ren A. Wiscons
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Douglas A. Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Amirali Zangiabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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33
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Reed DA, Hochuli TJ, Gadjieva NA, He S, Wiscons RA, Bartholomew AK, Champsaur AM, Steigerwald ML, Roy X, Nuckolls C. Controlling Ligand Coordination Spheres and Cluster Fusion in Superatoms. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:306-313. [PMID: 34937334 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that reaction pathways from a single superatom motif can be controlled through subtle electronic modification of the outer ligand spheres. Chevrel-type [Co6Se8L6] (L = PR3, CO) superatoms are used to form carbene-terminated clusters, the reactivity of which can be influenced through the electronic effects of the surrounding ligands. This carbene provides new routes for ligand substitution chemistry, which is used to selectively install cyanide or pyridine ligands which were previously inaccessible in these cobalt-based clusters. The surrounding ligands also impact the ability of this carbene to create larger fused clusters of the type [Co12Se16L10], providing underlying information for cluster fusion mechanisms. We use this information to develop methods of creating dimeric clusters with functionalized surface ligands with site specificity, putting new ligands in specific positions on this anisotropic core. Finally, adjusting the carbene intermediates can also be used to perturb the geometry of the [Co6Se8] core itself, as we demonstrate with a multicarbene adduct that displays a substantially anisotropic core. These additional levels of synthetic control could prove instrumental for using superatomic clusters for many applications including catalysis, electronic devices, and creating novel extended structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Taylor J Hochuli
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Natalia A Gadjieva
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shoushou He
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ren A Wiscons
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Anouck M Champsaur
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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34
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Wilson NP, Lee K, Cenker J, Xie K, Dismukes AH, Telford EJ, Fonseca J, Sivakumar S, Dean C, Cao T, Roy X, Xu X, Zhu X. Interlayer electronic coupling on demand in a 2D magnetic semiconductor. Nat Mater 2021; 20:1657-1662. [PMID: 34312534 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
When monolayers of two-dimensional (2D) materials are stacked into van der Waals structures, interlayer electronic coupling can introduce entirely new properties, as exemplified by recent discoveries of moiré bands that host highly correlated electronic states and quantum dot-like interlayer exciton lattices. Here we show the magnetic control of interlayer electronic coupling, as manifested in tunable excitonic transitions, in an A-type antiferromagnetic 2D semiconductor CrSBr. Excitonic transitions in bilayers and above can be drastically changed when the magnetic order is switched from the layered antiferromagnetic ground state to a field-induced ferromagnetic state, an effect attributed to the spin-allowed interlayer hybridization of electron and hole orbitals in the latter, as revealed by Green's function-Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) calculations. Our work uncovers a magnetic approach to engineer electronic and excitonic effects in layered magnetic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kihong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Cenker
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaichen Xie
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Evan J Telford
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordan Fonseca
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shivesh Sivakumar
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cory Dean
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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35
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Meirzadeh E, Han SY, Roy X. Exchange Bias from Frustrated Spins. ACS Cent Sci 2021; 7:1295-1297. [PMID: 34471673 PMCID: PMC8393208 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Meirzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sae Young Han
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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36
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Russell JC, Posey VA, Gray J, May R, Reed DA, Zhang H, Marbella LE, Steigerwald ML, Yang Y, Roy X, Nuckolls C, Peurifoy SR. High-performance organic pseudocapacitors via molecular contortion. Nat Mater 2021; 20:1136-1141. [PMID: 33795846 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pseudocapacitors harness unique charge-storage mechanisms to enable high-capacity, rapidly cycling devices. Here we describe an organic system composed of perylene diimide and hexaazatrinaphthylene exhibiting a specific capacitance of 689 F g-1 at a rate of 0.5 A g-1, stability over 50,000 cycles, and unprecedented performance at rates as high as 75 A g-1. We incorporate the material into two-electrode devices for a practical demonstration of its potential in next-generation energy-storage systems. We identify the source of this exceptionally high rate charge storage as surface-mediated pseudocapacitance, through a combination of spectroscopic, computational and electrochemical measurements. By underscoring the importance of molecular contortion and complementary electronic attributes in the selection of molecular components, these results provide a general strategy for the creation of organic high-performance energy-storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake C Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jesse Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard May
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas A Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage Technologies and Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Lauren E Marbella
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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37
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Ghiasi TS, Kaverzin AA, Dismukes AH, de Wal DK, Roy X, van Wees BJ. Electrical and thermal generation of spin currents by magnetic bilayer graphene. Nat Nanotechnol 2021; 16:788-794. [PMID: 33958763 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultracompact spintronic devices greatly benefit from the implementation of two-dimensional materials that provide large spin polarization of charge current together with long-distance transfer of spin information. Here spin-transport measurements in bilayer graphene evidence a strong spin-charge coupling due to a large induced exchange interaction by the proximity of an interlayer antiferromagnet (CrSBr). This results in the direct detection of the spin polarization of conductivity (up to 14%) and a spin-dependent Seebeck effect in the magnetic graphene. The efficient electrical and thermal spin-current generation is the most technologically relevant aspect of magnetism in graphene, controlled here by the antiferromagnetic dynamics of CrSBr. The high sensitivity of spin transport in graphene to the magnetization of the outermost layer of the adjacent antiferromagnet, furthermore, enables the read-out of a single magnetic sublattice. The combination of gate-tunable spin-dependent conductivity and Seebeck coefficient with long-distance spin transport in a single two-dimensional material promises ultrathin magnetic memory and sensory devices based on magnetic graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talieh S Ghiasi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Alexey A Kaverzin
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Dennis K de Wal
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bart J van Wees
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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38
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Lee K, Dismukes AH, Telford EJ, Wiscons RA, Wang J, Xu X, Nuckolls C, Dean CR, Roy X, Zhu X. Magnetic Order and Symmetry in the 2D Semiconductor CrSBr. Nano Lett 2021; 21:3511-3517. [PMID: 33856213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The advent of two-dimensional (2D) magnets offers unprecedented control over electrons and spins. A key factor in determining exchange coupling and magnetic order is symmetry. Here, we apply second harmonic generation (SHG) to probe a 2D magnetic semiconductor CrSBr. We find that monolayers are ferromagnetically ordered below 146 K, an observation enabled by the discovery of a large magnetic dipole SHG effect in the centrosymmetric structure. In multilayers, the ferromagnetic monolayers are coupled antiferromagnetically, and in contrast to other 2D magnets, the Néel temperature of CrSBr increases with decreasing layer number. We identify magnetic dipole and magnetic toroidal moments as order parameters of the ferromagnetic monolayer and antiferromagnetic bilayer, respectively. These findings establish CrSBr as an exciting 2D magnetic semiconductor and extend the SHG probe of magnetic symmetry to the monolayer limit, opening the door to exploring the applications of magnetic-electronic coupling and the magnetic toroidal moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Avalon H Dismukes
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Evan J Telford
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ren A Wiscons
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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39
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Wiscons RA, Cho Y, Han SY, Dismukes AH, Meirzadeh E, Nuckolls C, Berkelbach TC, Roy X. Polytypism, Anisotropic Transport, and Weyl Nodes in the van der Waals Metal TaFeTe4. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:109-113. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren A. Wiscons
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yeongsu Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sae Young Han
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Avalon H. Dismukes
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Elena Meirzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Timothy C. Berkelbach
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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40
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Gadjieva NA, Szirmai P, Sági O, Alemany P, Bartholomew AK, Stone I, Conejeros S, Paley DW, Hernández Sánchez R, Fowler B, Peurifoy SR, Náfrádi B, Forró L, Roy X, Batail P, Canadell E, Steigerwald ML, Nuckolls C. Intermolecular Resonance Correlates Electron Pairs Down a Supermolecular Chain: Antiferromagnetism in K-Doped p-Terphenyl. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20624-20630. [PMID: 33236891 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent interest in potassium-doped p-terphenyl has been fueled by reports of superconductivity at Tc values surprisingly high for organic compounds. Despite these interesting properties, studies of the structure-function relationships within these materials have been scarce. Here, we isolate a phase-pure crystal of potassium-doped p-terphenyl: [K(222)]2[p-terphenyl3]. Emerging antiferromagnetism in the anisotropic structure is studied in depth by magnetometry and electron spin resonance. Combining these experimental results with density functional theory calculations, we describe the antiferromagnetic coupling in this system that occurs in all 3 crystallographic directions. The strongest coupling was found along the ends of the terphenyls, where the additional electron on neighboring p-terphenyls antiferromagnetically couple. This delocalized bonding interaction is reminiscent of the doubly degenerate resonance structure depiction of polyacetylene. These findings hint toward magnetic fluctuation-induced superconductivity in potassium-doped p-terphenyl, which has a close analogy with high Tc cuprate superconductors. The new approach described here is very versatile as shown by the preparation of two additional salts through systematic changing of the building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Gadjieva
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | | | - Pere Alemany
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | - Ilana Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sergio Conejeros
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 124000, Chile
| | - Daniel W Paley
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Brandon Fowler
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Samuel R Peurifoy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | | | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Patrick Batail
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States.,MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR 6200, CNRS, Universite d'Angers, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Enric Canadell
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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41
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Doud EA, Starr RL, Kladnik G, Voevodin A, Montes E, Arasu NP, Zang Y, Zahl P, Morgante A, Venkataraman L, Vázquez H, Cvetko D, Roy X. Cyclopropenylidenes as Strong Carbene Anchoring Groups on Au Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19902-19906. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregor Kladnik
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, Basovizza
SS-14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Enrique Montes
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, Prague 16200, Czech Republic
| | - Narendra P. Arasu
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, Prague 16200, Czech Republic
| | | | - Percy Zahl
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Alberto Morgante
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, Basovizza
SS-14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Héctor Vázquez
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, Prague 16200, Czech Republic
| | - Dean Cvetko
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, Basovizza
SS-14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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42
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Camarasa-Gómez M, Hernangómez-Pérez D, Inkpen MS, Lovat G, Fung ED, Roy X, Venkataraman L, Evers F. Mechanically Tunable Quantum Interference in Ferrocene-Based Single-Molecule Junctions. Nano Lett 2020; 20:6381-6386. [PMID: 32787164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ferrocenes are ubiquitous organometallic building blocks that comprise a Fe atom sandwiched between two cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings that rotate freely at room temperature. Of widespread interest in fundamental studies and real-world applications, they have also attracted some interest as functional elements of molecular-scale devices. Here we investigate the impact of the configurational degrees of freedom of a ferrocene derivative on its single-molecule junction conductance. Measurements indicate that the conductance of the ferrocene derivative, which is suppressed by 2 orders of magnitude as compared to a fully conjugated analogue, can be modulated by altering the junction configuration. Ab initio transport calculations show that the low conductance is a consequence of destructive quantum interference effects of the Fano type that arise from the hybridization of localized metal-based d-orbitals and the delocalized ligand-based π-system. By rotation of the Cp rings, the hybridization, and thus the quantum interference, can be mechanically controlled, resulting in a conductance modulation that is seen experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Camarasa-Gómez
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hernangómez-Pérez
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Michael S Inkpen
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Giacomo Lovat
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - E-Dean Fung
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ferdinand Evers
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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43
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Gunasekaran S, Reed DA, Paley DW, Bartholomew AK, Venkataraman L, Steigerwald ML, Roy X, Nuckolls C. Single-Electron Currents in Designer Single-Cluster Devices. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14924-14932. [PMID: 32809814 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atomically precise clusters can be used to create single-electron devices wherein a single redox-active cluster is connected to two macroscopic electrodes via anchoring ligands. Unlike single-electron devices comprising nanocrystals, these cluster-based devices can be fabricated with atomic precision. This affords an unprecedented level of control over the device properties. Herein, we design a series of cobalt chalcogenide clusters with varying ligand geometries and core nuclearities to control their current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in a scanning tunneling microscope-based break junction (STM-BJ) device. First, the device geometry is modified by precisely positioning junction-anchoring ligands on the surface of the cluster. We show that the I-V characteristics are independent of ligand placement, confirming a sequential, single-electron tunneling mechanism. Next, we chemically fuse two clusters to realize a larger cluster dimer that behaves as a single electronic unit, possessing a smaller reorganization energy and more accessible redox states than the monomeric analogues. As a result, dimer-based devices exhibit significantly higher currents and can even be pushed to current saturation at high bias. Owing to these controllable properties, single-cluster junctions serve as an excellent platform for exploring incoherent charge transport processes at the nanoscale. With this understanding, as well as properties such as nonlinear I-V characteristics and rectification, these molecular clusters may function as conductive inorganic nodes in new devices and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gunasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Douglas A Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Daniel W Paley
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States.,Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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44
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Telford EJ, Dismukes AH, Lee K, Cheng M, Wieteska A, Bartholomew AK, Chen YS, Xu X, Pasupathy AN, Zhu X, Dean CR, Roy X. Layered Antiferromagnetism Induces Large Negative Magnetoresistance in the van der Waals Semiconductor CrSBr. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2003240. [PMID: 32776373 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of magnetism within the family of exfoliatable van der Waals (vdW) compounds has attracted considerable interest in these materials for both fundamental research and technological applications. However, current vdW magnets are limited by their extreme sensitivity to air, low ordering temperatures, and poor charge transport properties. Here the magnetic and electronic properties of CrSBr are reported, an air-stable vdW antiferromagnetic semiconductor that readily cleaves perpendicular to the stacking axis. Below its Néel temperature, TN = 132 ± 1 K, CrSBr adopts an A-type antiferromagnetic structure with each individual layer ferromagnetically ordered internally and the layers coupled antiferromagnetically along the stacking direction. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) reveal that the electronic gap is ΔE = 1.5 ± 0.2 eV with a corresponding PL peak centered at 1.25 ± 0.07 eV. Using magnetotransport measurements, strong coupling between magnetic order and transport properties in CrSBr is demonstrated, leading to a large negative magnetoresistance response that is unique among vdW materials. These findings establish CrSBr as a promising material platform for increasing the applicability of vdW magnets to the field of spin-based electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Telford
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Avalon H Dismukes
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Kihong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Minghao Cheng
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Andrew Wieteska
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Abhay N Pasupathy
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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45
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Li W, Chen Y, Zangiabadi A, Li Z, Xiao X, Huang W, Cheng Q, Lou S, Zhang H, Cao A, Roy X, Yang Y. FeOF/TiO 2 Hetero-Nanostructures for High-Areal-Capacity Fluoride Cathodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:33803-33809. [PMID: 32614164 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Iron fluoride compounds offer an exciting pathway toward low-cost and high-capacity conversion-type lithium-ion battery (LIB) cathodes. However, due to the sluggishness of the electronic and ionic transport in iron fluorides, mass loadings of active materials in previous studies are typically less than 2.5 mg cm-2, which is too low for practical applications. Herein, we improve the charge transport in fluoride electrodes at both nano- and mesoscales to enable high-mass-loading fluoride electrodes. At the nanoscale, we prepare electronically conducting LixTiO2 composites with FeOF nanoparticles to reduce electron transport distance to 5-10 nm, which is one of the shortest among reports. At the mesoscale, we design a percolating three-dimensional porous carbon nanotube (CNT) network to enable fast pathways for both electrons and ions. The resulting spongelike material, FeOF/TiO2@CNT, substantially enhances the kinetics of the conversion reaction in FeOF, boosts extra lithium storage capacity, and reduces the voltage hysteresis. Steady cycling over 300 cycles is achieved at a high mass loading of 8.7 mg cm-2 (FeOF/TiO2) (1.74 mAh cm-2). Such areal capacity of lithium storage is significantly higher than previously reported iron fluorides-based structures, a significant step forward toward the development of low-cost metal fluoride electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yijun Chen
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Amirali Zangiabadi
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Zeyuan Li
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Qian Cheng
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shuaifeng Lou
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Anyuan Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yuan Yang
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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46
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Yang J, Wang F, Russell JC, Hochuli TJ, Roy X, Steigerwald ML, Zhu X, Paley DW, Nuckolls C. Shape Matching in Superatom Chemistry and Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11993-11998. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Feifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jake C. Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Taylor J. Hochuli
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Daniel W. Paley
- Columbia Nano Initiative, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Jake C. Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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48
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Gadjieva NA, Champsaur AM, Steigerwald ML, Roy X, Nuckolls C. Front Cover: Dimensional Control of Assembling Metal Chalcogenide Clusters (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 14/2020). Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University 10027 New York New York USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University 10027 New York New York USA
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49
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Gadjieva NA, Champsaur AM, Steigerwald ML, Roy X, Nuckolls C. Dimensional Control of Assembling Metal Chalcogenide Clusters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University 10027 New York New York USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University 10027 New York New York USA
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50
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Starr RL, Fu T, Doud EA, Stone I, Roy X, Venkataraman L. Gold-Carbon Contacts from Oxidative Addition of Aryl Iodides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7128-7133. [PMID: 32212683 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aryl halides are ubiquitous functional groups in organic chemistry, yet despite their obvious appeal as surface-binding linkers and as precursors for controlled graphene nanoribbon synthesis, they have seldom been used as such in molecular electronics. The confusion regarding the bonding of aryl iodides to Au electrodes is a case in point, with ambiguous reports of both dative Au-I and covalent Au-C contacts. Here we form single-molecule junctions with a series of oligophenylene molecular wires terminated asymmetrically with iodine and thiomethyl to show that the dative Au-I contact has a lower conductance than the covalent Au-C interaction, which we propose occurs via an in situ oxidative addition reaction at the Au surface. Furthermore, we confirm the formation of the Au-C bond by measuring an analogous series of molecules prepared ex situ with the complex AuI(PPh3) in place of the iodide. Density functional theory-based transport calculations support our experimental observations that Au-C linkages have higher conductance than Au-I linkages. Finally, we demonstrate selective promotion of the Au-C bond formation by controlling the bias applied across the junction. In addition to establishing the different binding modes of aryl iodides, our results chart a path to actively controlling oxidative addition on an Au surface using an applied bias.
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