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Xuan L, Hou Y, Liang L, Wu J, Fan K, Lian L, Qiu J, Miao Y, Ravanbakhsh H, Xu M, Tang G. Microgels for Cell Delivery in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:218. [PMID: 38884868 PMCID: PMC11183039 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Microgels prepared from natural or synthetic hydrogel materials have aroused extensive attention as multifunctional cells or drug carriers, that are promising for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Microgels can also be aggregated into microporous scaffolds, promoting cell infiltration and proliferation for tissue repair. This review gives an overview of recent developments in the fabrication techniques and applications of microgels. A series of conventional and novel strategies including emulsification, microfluidic, lithography, electrospray, centrifugation, gas-shearing, three-dimensional bioprinting, etc. are discussed in depth. The characteristics and applications of microgels and microgel-based scaffolds for cell culture and delivery are elaborated with an emphasis on the advantages of these carriers in cell therapy. Additionally, we expound on the ongoing and foreseeable applications and current limitations of microgels and their aggregate in the field of biomedical engineering. Through stimulating innovative ideas, the present review paves new avenues for expanding the application of microgels in cell delivery techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyan Xuan
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Hou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Wu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Fan
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Lian
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jianhua Qiu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingling Miao
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Hossein Ravanbakhsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA.
| | - Mingen Xu
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guosheng Tang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
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Roosa CA, Lempke SL, Hannan RT, Nicklow E, Sturek JM, Ewald SE, Griffin DR. Conjugation of IL-33 to Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffolds Enhances Type 2-Like Immune Responses In Vitro and In Vivo. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400249. [PMID: 38648258 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The inflammatory foreign body response (FBR) is the main driver of biomaterial implant failure. Current strategies to mitigate the onset of a FBR include modification of the implant surface, release of anti-inflammatory drugs, and cell-scale implant porosity. The microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffold platform is an injectable, porous biomaterial composed of individual microgels, which are annealed in situ to provide a structurally stable scaffold with cell-scale microporosity. MAP scaffold does not induce a discernible foreign body response in vivo and, therefore, can be used a "blank canvas" for biomaterial-mediated immunomodulation. Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as IL-33, are potent regulators of type 2 immunity that play an important role in tissue repair. In this manuscript, IL-33 is conjugated to the microgel building-blocks of MAP scaffold to generate a bioactive material (IL33-MAP) capable of stimulating macrophages in vitro via a ST-2 receptor dependent pathway and modulating immune cell recruitment to the implant site in vivo, which indicates an upregulation of a type 2-like immune response and downregulation of a type 1-like immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen A Roosa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Samantha L Lempke
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Beirne B. Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, 200 Jeanette Lancaster Way, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Riley T Hannan
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Virginia, 1221 Lee St, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Ethan Nicklow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Sturek
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Virginia, 1221 Lee St, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Sarah E Ewald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Beirne B. Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, 200 Jeanette Lancaster Way, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Donald R Griffin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
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Araújo-Gomes N, Zoetebier-Liszka B, van Loo B, Becker M, Nijhuis S, Smink AM, de Haan BJ, de Vos P, Karperien M, Leijten J. Microfluidic Generation of Thin-Shelled Polyethylene Glycol-Tyramine Microgels for Non-Invasive Delivery of Immunoprotected β-Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2301552. [PMID: 37548084 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of microencapsulated pancreatic cells is emerging as a promising therapy to replenish β-cell mass lost from auto-immune nature of type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This strategy intends to use micrometer-sized microgels to provide immunoprotection to transplanted cells to avoid chronic application of immunosuppression. Clinical application of encapsulation has remained elusive due to often limited production throughputs and body's immunological reactions to implanted materials. This article presents a high-throughput fabrication of monodisperse, non-immunogenic, non-degradable, immunoprotective, semi-permeable, enzymatically-crosslinkable polyethylene glycol-tyramine (PEG-TA) microgels for β-cell microencapsulation. Monodisperse β-cell laden microgels of ≈120 µm, with a shell thickness of 20 µm are produced using an outside-in crosslinking strategy. Microencapsulated β-cells rapidly self-assemble into islet-sized spheroids. Immunoprotection of the microencapsulated is demonstrated by inability of FITC-IgG antibodies to diffuse into cell-laden microgels and NK-cell inability to kill microencapsulated β-cells. Multiplexed ELISA analysis on live blood immune reactivity confirms limited immunogenicity. Microencapsulated MIN6β1 spheroids remain glucose responsive for 28 days in vitro, and able to restore normoglycemia 5 days post-implantation in diabetic mice without notable amounts of cell death. In short, PEG-TA microgels effectively protect implanted cells from the host's immune system while being viable and functional, validating this strategy for the treatment of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Araújo-Gomes
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Zoetebier-Liszka
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van Loo
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | - Malin Becker
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Nijhuis
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra M Smink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J de Haan
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522NB, The Netherlands
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