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Rauf-ur-Rehman, Shoaib MH, Ahmed FR, Yousuf RI, Siddiqui F, Saleem MT, Qazi F, Khan MZ, Irshad A, Bashir L, Naz S, Farooq M, Mahmood ZA. SeDeM expert system with I-optimal mixture design for oral multiparticulate drug delivery: An encapsulated floating minitablets of loxoprofen Na and its in silico physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1066018. [PMID: 36937845 PMCID: PMC10022826 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1066018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: A SeDeM expert tool-driven I-optimal mixture design has been used to develop a directly compressible multiparticulate based extended release minitablets for gastro-retentive drug delivery systems using loxoprofen sodium as a model drug. Methods: Powder blends were subjected to stress drug-excipient compatibility studies using FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, and DSC. SeDeM diagram expert tool was utilized to assess the suitability of the drug and excipients for direct compression. The formulations were designed using an I-optimal mixture design with proportions of methocel K100M, ethocel 10P and NaHCO3 as variables. Powder was compressed into minitablets and encapsulated. After physicochemical evaluation lag-time, floating time, and drug release were studied. Heckel analysis for yield pressure and accelerated stability studies were performed as per ICH guidelines. The in silico PBPK Advanced Compartmental and Transit model of GastroPlus™ was used for predicting in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters. Results: Drug release follows first-order kinetics with fickian diffusion as the main mechanism for most of the formulations; however, a few formulations followed anomalous transport as the mechanism of drug release. The in-silico-based pharmacokinetic revealed relative bioavailability of 97.0%. Discussion: SeDeM expert system effectively used in QbD based development of encapsulated multiparticulates for once daily administration of loxoprofen sodium having predictable in-vivo bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauf-ur-Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Harris Shoaib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Harris Shoaib, ,
| | - Farrukh Rafiq Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Ismail Yousuf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Talha Saleem
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Faaiza Qazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Momina Zarish Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Asma Irshad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Bashir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Naz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Alam Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
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Tayyab A, Mahmood A, Ijaz H, Sarfraz RM, Zafar N, Danish Z. Formulation and optimization of captopril-loaded microspheres based compressed tablets: in vitro evaluation. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1825080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azeema Tayyab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hira Ijaz
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Nadiah Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Danish
- College of Pharmacy, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Thiol modification of galactoarabinan and its appraisal as controlled release carrier of sofosbuvir. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zaman M, Qureshi S, Raja MAG, Amjad MW, Sultana K, Rehman AU. Microsponge carrier for the safe and effective delivery of mycophenolate mofetil. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2020. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.19.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed for the delivery of mycophenolate mofetil using microsponges. Quasi-emulsification and double-emulsification techniques were used to develop ethyl cellulose (EC)- and xanthan gum-facilitated EC microsponges. The microsponges were characterized using micromeritics, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and surface morphology, particle size and zeta potential analyses; in vitro drug release and release kinetics were assessed by using various kinetic models. The studies revealed that the prepared microsponges offer free-flow properties with an adequate release profile and spherical porous surface morphology. The FTIR study did not reveal any interaction among the ingredients. XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of mycophenolate mofetil. In vitro release studies showed that the sustained effect was maintained successfully up to 8 h. It can be concluded from the results that both EC and xanthan gum played an important role in the formulation of controlled-release microsponges of mycophenolate mofetil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria Abdul Ghafoor Raja
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Wahab Amjad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kishwar Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Atta Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
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Layek B, Mandal S. Natural polysaccharides for controlled delivery of oral therapeutics: a recent update. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Development and In Vitro-In Vivo Evaluation of a Novel Sustained-Release Loxoprofen Pellet with Double Coating Layer. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11060260. [PMID: 31195668 PMCID: PMC6631012 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a novel sustained release pellet of loxoprofen sodium (LXP) by coating a dissolution-rate controlling sub-layer containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and citric acid, and a second diffusion-rate controlling layer containing aqueous dispersion of ethyl cellulose (ADEC) on the surface of a LXP conventional pellet, and to compare its performance in vivo with an immediate release tablet (Loxinon®). A three-level, three-factor Box-Behnken design and the response surface model (RSM) were used to investigate and optimize the effects of the citric acid content in the sub-layer, the sub-layer coating level, and the outer ADEC coating level on the in vitro release profiles of LXP sustained release pellets. The pharmacokinetic studies of the optimal sustained release pellets were performed in fasted beagle dogs using an immediate release tablet as a reference. The results illustrated that both the citric acid (CA) and ADEC as the dissolution- and diffusion-rate controlling materials significantly decreased the drug release rate. The optimal formulation showed a pH-independent drug release in media at pH above 4.5 and a slightly slow release in acid medium. The pharmacokinetic studies revealed that a more stable and prolonged plasma drug concentration profile of the optimal pellets was achieved, with a relative bioavaibility of 87.16% compared with the conventional tablets. This article provided a novel concept of two-step control of the release rate of LXP, which showed a sustained release both in vitro and in vivo.
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Ijaz H, Tulain UR, Azam F, Qureshi J. Thiolation of arabinoxylan and its application in the fabrication of pH-sensitive thiolated arabinoxylan grafted acrylic acid copolymer. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:754-766. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1569041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hira Ijaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Farooq Azam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Qureshi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Farooq M, Shoaib MH, Yousuf RI, Qazi F, Hanif M. Development of extended release loxoprofen sodium multiparticulates using different hydrophobic polymers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Zaman M, Hanif M, Sultana K, Atta-Ur-Rehman. Synthesis of thiolated arabinoxylan and its application as sustained release mucoadhesive film former. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:025019. [PMID: 29176054 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa9d69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to synthesize thiolated arabinoxylan (TAX), and to evaluate its mucoadhesive potential. Synthesis of TAX was accomplished by esterification of arabinoxylan (AX) with thioglycolic acid (TGA). The appearance of a characteristic peak at 2516 cm-1 in the FTIR spectrum of TAX, and presence of 6.01 ± 1.03 m moles of thiol per gram of the polymer confirmed successful thiolation of AX. The incorporation of the thiol group considerably promoted mucoadhesive strength of the polymer-viz. 3.99-fold. Moreover, in vivo safety analysis in albino rats revealed TAX to be safe in the concentration range of 750-1000 mg kg-1 body weight. Synthesized TAX was utilized to prepare Tizanidine HCl (TZN HCl) loaded sustained release (SR) mucoadhesive buccal films using a solvent casting technique. Results proved that the prepared films were of uniform thickness, good mechanical strength (with folding endurance >300), acceptable moisture contents (5%-7%) and surface pH (6.23 ± 0.81 to 6.43 ± 0.49) compatible to that of the buccal cavity. Presence of greater that 90% of drug contents indicated the excellent drug loading ability of the prepared films. Results of in vitro dissolution studies and ex vivo permeation studies conducted respectively by USP dissolution apparatus II and Franz diffusion cell indicated that sustained effect of TAX was achieved for 8 h. These results have conclusively proven that TAX has the potential to improve the bioavailability of TZN HCl due to enhanced mucoadhesion in buccal cavity, hence signifying its suitability as a mucoadhesive buccal film former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan. Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Zaman M, Batool N, Atta-Ur-Rehman. Fabrication and in vitro evaluation of diclofenac sodium microparticles. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2017. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.16.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed with the aim to succeed in formulating a microparticulate drug delivery system of diclofenac sodium by using ethyl cellulose and Eudragit L100. The solvent evaporation technique was used to fabricate five different types of formulations by varying the concentrations of the polymers as well as the drug-to-polymer ratios. The prepared microparticles were subjected to micromeritics, chemical compatibility between drug and polymers, surface morphology, in vitro dissolution studies and kinetic modelling of release data. The results revealed that the microparticles were free-flowing and chemically compatible. The microparticles were spherical to irregularly shaped with a rough surface. The drug contents of the particles were quite satisfactory, and the release of the drug was sustained with anomalous case II transport type of release mechanism. The statistical analysis (analysis of variance) advocated the significant impact (p < 0·05) of variations in the polymer concentration on drug release. Finally, successful preparation of diclofenac sodium was confirmed with a suitable sustained effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Batool
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Atta-Ur-Rehman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Zaman M, Hanif M. In vitro and ex vivo assessment of hydrophilic polymer- and plasticizer-based thin buccal films designed by using central composite rotatable design for the delivery of meloxicam. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan Pakistan
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; The University of Lahore; Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan Pakistan
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Hanif M, Zaman M. Thiolation of arabinoxylan and its application in the fabrication of controlled release mucoadhesive oral films. Daru 2017; 25:6. [PMID: 28320456 PMCID: PMC5359919 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-017-0172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucoadhesion is an important property that helps oral drug delivery system to remain attached with buccal mucosa and hence to improve the delivery of the drug. The current study was designed to achieve the thiol modification of Arabinoxylan (ARX) and to develop a mucoadhesive oral film for the improved delivery of tizanidine hydrochloride (TZN HCl). METHOD Synthesis of thiolated arabinoxylan (TARX) was accomplished by esterification of ARX with thioglycolic acid (TGA). TARX was further used for the development of mucoadhesive oral films which were prepared by using a solvent casting technique. Formulation of the films was designed and optimized by using central composite design (CCRD), selecting TARX (X1) and glycerol (X2) as variables. Prepared film formulations were evaluated for mechanical strength, ex-vivo mucoadhesion, in-vitro drug release, ex-vivo drug permeation, surface morphology and drug contents. RESULTS Thiolation of ARX was confirmed by fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) as a peak related to thiol group appeared at 2516 cm-1. The claim of successful thiolation of ARX was strengthened by the presence of 2809.003 ± 1.03 μmoles of thiol contents per gram of the polymer, which was determined by Ellman's reagent method. From the results, it was observed that the films were of satisfactory mechanical strength and mucoadhesiveness with folding endurance greater than 300 and mucoadhesive strength 11.53 ± 0.17 N, respectively. Reasonable drug retention was observed during in-vitro dissolution (85.03% cumulative drug release) and ex-vivo permeation (78.90% cumulative amount of permeated drug) studies conducted for 8 h. Effects of varying concentrations of both polymer and plasticizer on prepared mucoadhesive oral films were evaluated by ANOVA and it was observed that glycerol can enhanced the dissolution as well as permeation of the drug while TARX has opposite impact on these parameters. CONCLUSION In nutshell, TARX in combination with glycerolwas found to be suitable for the development of controlled release mucoadhesive oral films of TZN HCl. Schematic diagram showing conversion of ARX to TARX, TARX to oral film and evaluation of fabricated oral film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800 Pakistan
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