1
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Erokhin KS, Pentsak EO, Sorokin VR, Agaev YV, Zaytsev RG, Isaeva VI, Ananikov VP. Dynamic behavior of metal nanoparticles in MOF materials: analysis with electron microscopy and deep learning. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21640-21648. [PMID: 37551526 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02595k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Electron microscopy is a key characterization technique for nanoscale systems, and electron microscopy images are typically recorded and analyzed in terms of the morphology of the objects under study in static mode. The emerging current trend is to analyze the dynamic behavior at the nanoscale observed during electron microscopy measurements. In this work, the study of the stability of MOF structures with different compositions and topologies under conditions of an electron microscope experiment revealed an unusual dynamic behavior of M NPs formed due to the electron-beam-induced transformation of specific frameworks. The transition to the liquid phase led to spatial movement, rapid sintering, and an increase in the M NPs size within seconds. In the case of copper nanoparticles, instantaneous sublimation was observed. The dynamic behavior of Co NPs was analyzed with a computational framework combining deep learning and classic computer vision techniques. The present study for the first time revealed unique information about the stability of a variety of MOFs under an electron beam and the dynamic behavior of the formed M NPs. The formation of Fe, Ni, Cu, and Co NPs was observed from a molecular framework with a specific subsequent behavior - a stable form for Fe, excessive dynamics for Co, and sublimation/condensation for Cu. Two important outcomes of the present study should be mentioned: (i) electron microscopy investigations of MOF samples should be made with care, as decomposition under an electron beam may lead to incorrect results and the appearance of "phantom" nanoparticles; and (ii) MOFs represent an excellent model for fundamental studies of molecular-to-nano transitions in situ in video mode, including a number of dynamic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill S Erokhin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Evgeniy O Pentsak
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Vyacheslav R Sorokin
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia
| | - Yury V Agaev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia
| | - Roman G Zaytsev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia
| | - Vera I Isaeva
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia
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2
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Gavhane D, Sontakke AD, van Huis MA. Thermolysis-Driven Growth of Vanadium Oxide Nanostructures Revealed by In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy: Implications for Battery Applications. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:7280-7289. [PMID: 37205293 PMCID: PMC10186331 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the growth modes of 2D transition-metal oxides through direct observation is of vital importance to tailor these materials to desired structures. Here, we demonstrate thermolysis-driven growth of 2D V2O5 nanostructures via in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Various growth stages in the formation of 2D V2O5 nanostructures through thermal decomposition of a single solid-state NH4VO3 precursor are unveiled during the in situ TEM heating. Growth of orthorhombic V2O5 2D nanosheets and 1D nanobelts is observed in real time. The associated temperature ranges in thermolysis-driven growth of V2O5 nanostructures are optimized through in situ and ex situ heating. Also, the phase transformation of V2O5 to VO2 was revealed in real time by in situ TEM heating. The in situ thermolysis results were reproduced using ex situ heating, which offers opportunities for upscaling the growth of vanadium oxide-based materials. Our findings offer effective, general, and simple pathways to produce versatile 2D V2O5 nanostructures for a range of battery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnyaneshwar
S. Gavhane
- Soft
Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Atul D. Sontakke
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn A. van Huis
- Soft
Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
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3
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Huang HC, Hsiao KY, Tseng YH, Chen YD, Lu MY. Probing the sublimation kinetics of Ag, Ag@TiO 2, and Ag@C nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7722-7729. [PMID: 37039138 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00258f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used an in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) heating system to investigate the sublimation-induced morphological changes of cubic Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and Ag-based core-shell structures and the influence of shell coverage on the thermal stability. In contrast to previous research performed with small Ag nanoparticles (<30 nm), here we found that large-particle Ag NPs (>50 nm) underwent a three-stage sublimation-induced morphological change at 800 °C, in the sequence uniform (I)-nonuniform (II)-uniform (III) sublimation. The (110) and (100) planes were the main sublimation planes during stages I and II. When the reaction reached stage III, the sublimation rate decreased as a result of an increase in the sublimation energy barrier. For core-shell NPs, the sublimation process began with stage II. For Ag NPs presenting TiO2 shells, the sublimation process was initiated at a relatively low temperature (700-750 °C) because of a local heating effect; for Ag NPs with carbon shells, the reaction was suppressed through surface atom passivation, thereby enhancing the thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chin Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Yuan Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Han Tseng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan.
| | - Yan-De Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Yen Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan.
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4
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Gavhane D, van Huis MA. Thermal Stability and Sublimation of Two-Dimensional Co 9Se 8 Nanosheets for Ultrathin and Flexible Nanoelectronic Devices. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:2421-2428. [PMID: 36875179 PMCID: PMC9972340 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c04640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the structural and compositional stability of nanomaterials is significant from both fundamental and technological points of view. Here, we investigate the thermal stability of half-unit-cell thick two-dimensional (2D) Co9Se8 nanosheets that are exceptionally interesting because of their half-metallic ferromagnetic properties. By employing in situ heating in the transmission electron microscope (TEM), we find that the nanosheets show good structural and chemical stability without changes to the cubic crystal structure until sublimation of the nanosheets starts at temperatures between 460 and 520 °C. The real-time observations of the sublimation process show preferential removal at {110} type crystal facets. From an analysis of sublimation rates at various temperatures, we find that the sublimation occurs through noncontinuous and punctuated mass loss at lower temperatures while the sublimation is continuous and uniform at higher temperatures. Our findings provide an understanding of the nanoscale structural and compositional stability of 2D Co9Se8 nanosheets, which is of importance for their reliable application and sustained performance as ultrathin and flexible nanoelectronic devices.
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5
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Sun Q, Boddapati L, Wang L, Li J, Deepak FL. In Situ Observations Reveal the Five-fold Twin-Involved Growth of Gold Nanorods by Particle Attachment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:796. [PMID: 36903675 PMCID: PMC10005194 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization plays a critical role in determining crystal size, purity and morphology. Therefore, uncovering the growth dynamics of nanoparticles (NPs) atomically is important for the controllable fabrication of nanocrystals with desired geometry and properties. Herein, we conducted in situ atomic-scale observations on the growth of Au nanorods (NRs) by particle attachment within an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope (AC-TEM). The results show that the attachment of spherical colloidal Au NPs with a size of about 10 nm involves the formation and growth of neck-like (NL) structures, followed by five-fold twin intermediate states and total atomic rearrangement. The statistical analyses show that the length and diameter of Au NRs can be well regulated by the number of tip-to-tip Au NPs and the size of colloidal Au NPs, respectively. The results highlight five-fold twin-involved particle attachment in spherical Au NPs with a size of 3-14 nm, and provide insights into the fabrication of Au NRs using irradiation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
- Research Center for Crystal Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Loukya Boddapati
- Nanostructured Materials Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Linan Wang
- Research Center for Crystal Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Research Center for Crystal Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Francis Leonard Deepak
- Nanostructured Materials Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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6
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Bogatyrenko SI, Kryshtal AP, Kruk A. Effect of Size on the Formation of Solid Solutions in Ag-Cu Nanoparticles. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:2569-2580. [PMID: 36818666 PMCID: PMC9931174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c07132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Modern technologies stimulate the quest for multicomponent nanosized materials with improved properties, which are ultimately defined by the atomic arrangement and interphase interactions in the nanomaterial. Here, we present the results of the experimental study of the formation of solid solutions in Ag-Cu nanoparticles in a wide size and temperature range using in situ TEM techniques. The Ag-Cu nanoparticles with a eutectic ratio of components were formed on an amorphous carbon film by the physical vapor deposition technique. Electron diffraction, HAADF-STEM imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, chemical element mapping, and electron energy loss spectral imaging were used for the characterization of mixing patterns and composition of phases in AgCu nanoparticles down to the atomic level. As a result, we constructed the solid-state part of the Ag-Cu phase diagram for nanoparticles with a size down to 5 nm. We found a highly asymmetric behavior of the solvus lines. Thus, the content of Cu in Ag gradually increased with a size reduction and reached the ultimate value for our configuration of 27 wt % Cu at a nanoparticle size below ∼8 nm. At the same time, no Cu-rich solid solution was found in two-phase AgCu nanoparticles, irrespective of the size and temperature. Moreover, a quasi-homogeneous solid solution was revealed in AgCu nanoparticles with a size smaller than 8 nm already at room temperature. A size dependence of the terminal temperature T term, which limits the existence of AgCu alloy nanoparticles in a vacuum, was constructed. Evaporation of the AgCu phase with the composition of 86 wt % Ag was observed at temperatures above T term. We show the crucial role of the mutual solubility of components on the type of atomic mixing pattern in AgCu nanoparticles. A gradual transition from a Janus-like to a homogeneous mixing pattern was observed in Ag-Cu nanoparticles (28 wt % Cu) with a decrease in their size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandr P. Kryshtal
- AGH
University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, KrakówPL-30 059, Poland
| | - Adam Kruk
- AGH
University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, KrakówPL-30 059, Poland
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7
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Abstract
Nucleation and growth are critical steps in crystallization, which plays an important role in determining crystal structure, size, morphology, and purity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of nucleation and growth is crucial to realize the controllable fabrication of crystalline products with desired and reproducible properties. Based on classical models, the initial crystal nucleus is formed by the spontaneous aggregation of ions, atoms, or molecules, and crystal growth is dependent on the monomer's diffusion and the surface reaction. Recently, numerous in situ investigations on crystallization dynamics have uncovered the existence of nonclassical mechanisms. This review provides a summary and highlights the in situ studies of crystal nucleation and growth, with a particular emphasis on the state-of-the-art research progress since the year 2016, and includes technological advances, atomic-scale observations, substrate- and temperature-dependent nucleation and growth, and the progress achieved in the various materials: metals, alloys, metallic compounds, colloids, and proteins. Finally, the forthcoming opportunities and challenges in this fascinating field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi830011, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Francis Leonard Deepak
- Nanostructured Materials Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330Braga, Portugal
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8
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Chang X, Sun C, Ran L, Cai R, Shao R. Atomic-Scale Tracking of Dynamic Nucleation and Growth of an Interfacial Lead Nanodroplet. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154877. [PMID: 35956829 PMCID: PMC9370107 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Revealing the evolutional pathway of the nucleation and crystallization of nanostructures at the atomic scale is crucial for understanding the complex growth mechanisms at the early stage of new substances and spices. Real-time discrimination of the atomic mechanism of a nanodroplet transition is still a formidable challenge. Here, taking advantage of the high temporal and spatial resolution of transmission electron microscopy, the detailed growth pathway of Pb nanodroplets at the early stage of nucleation was directly observed by employing electron beams to induce the nucleation, growth, and fusion process of Pb nanodroplets based on PbTiO3 nanowires. Before the nucleation of Pb nanoparticles, the atoms began to precipitate when they were irradiated by electrons, forming a local crystal structure, and then rapidly and completely crystallized. Small nanodroplets maintain high activity and high density and gradually grow and merge into stable crystals. The whole process was recorded and imaged by HRTEM in real time. The growth of Pb nanodroplets advanced through the classical path and instantaneous droplet coalescence. These results provide an atomic-scale insight on the dynamic process of solid/solid interface, which has implications in thin-film growth and advanced nanomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Chang
- Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China;
| | - Chunhao Sun
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China;
| | - Leguan Ran
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Ran Cai
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Ruiwen Shao
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (R.S.)
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9
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Ghildiyal P, Biswas P, Herrera S, Xu F, Alibay Z, Wang Y, Wang H, Abbaschian R, Zachariah MR. Vaporization-Controlled Energy Release Mechanisms Underlying the Exceptional Reactivity of Magnesium Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:17164-17174. [PMID: 35390252 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium nanoparticles (NPs) offer the potential of high-performance reactive materials from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. However, the fundamental energy release mechanisms and kinetics have not been explored due to the lack of facile synthetic routes to high-purity Mg NPs. Here, a vapor-phase route to surface-pure, core-shell nanoscale Mg particles is presented, whereby controlled evaporation and growth are utilized to tune particle sizes (40-500 nm), and their size-dependent reactivity and energetic characteristics are evaluated. Extensive in situ characterizations shed light on the fundamental reaction mechanisms governing the energy release of Mg NP-based energetic composites across particle sizes and oxidizer chemistries. Direct observations from in situ transmission electron microscopy and high-speed temperature-jump/time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with ignition characterization reveal that the remarkably high reactivity of Mg NPs is a direct consequence of enhanced vaporization and Mg release from their high-energy surfaces that result in the accelerated energy release kinetics from their composites. Mg NP composites also demonstrate mitigated agglomeration and sintering during reaction due to rapid gasification, enabling complete energy extraction from their oxidation. This work expands the compositional possibilities of nanoscale solid fuels by highlighting the critical relationships between metal volatilization and oxidative energy release from Mg NPs, thus opening new opportunities for strategic design of functional Mg-based nanoenergetic materials for tunable energy release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Ghildiyal
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Prithwish Biswas
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Steven Herrera
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Feiyu Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zaira Alibay
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Reza Abbaschian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Michael R Zachariah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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10
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Batra NM, Mahalingam DK, Doggali P, Nunes SP, Costa PMFJ. Investigating the thermal stability of metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles using a novel graphene oxide-based transmission electron microscopy heating-membrane. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:255701. [PMID: 35148519 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac547c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, graphene has been explored as a heating membrane for studying high-temperature dynamics inside the transmission electron microscope (TEM) due to several limitations with the existing silicon nitride-based membrane. However, the transfer of monolayer graphene films for TEM experiments is challenging and requires many complicated steps with a minimum success rate. This work developed a novelin situheating platform by combining the graphene oxide (GO) flakes in the pre-patterned chips. The isolated GO flake was self-suspended between the metal electrodes by a simple drop-casting process. The GO was reduced and characterized using Raman and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Furthermore, a GO-based heater was used to investigate the thermal stability of gold and silica nanoparticles. The gold nanoparticles evaporated non-uniformly and left an empty carbon shell, while silica disappeared uniformly by etching carbon support. We successfully demonstrated a GO flake as a heating membrane to study high temperature thermal dynamic reactions: melting/evaporation, agglomeration, Rayleigh instability, and formation/or removal of carbon in the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin M Batra
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Institut Des Materiaux Jean Rouxel, CNRS-University of Nantes, Nantes 44300, France
| | - Dinesh K Mahalingam
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradeep Doggali
- KAUST Catalyst Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzana P Nunes
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pedro M F J Costa
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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11
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He W, Xiang Y, Xin M, Qiu L, Dong W, Zhao W, Diao Y, Zheng A, Xu G. Investigation of multiple commercial electrocatalysts and electrocatalyst degradation for fuel cells in real vehicles. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32374-32382. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05682h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coalescence of Pt nanoparticles during operation in a real vehicle is considered to be the main reason to weaken the ORR. The trajectories of oriented attachment were disclosed by observing the coalescence events of Pt NPs using in situ TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui He
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanjuan Xiang
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mudi Xin
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenyan Dong
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuxia Diao
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
| | - Aiguo Zheng
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangtong Xu
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
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12
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Liu Y, Yuan H, Wang H, Wang Z. In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation of Melting/Evaporation Kinetics in Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7332. [PMID: 34885486 PMCID: PMC8658074 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report on thermal stability and phase transition behaviors of triangular Au nanoprisms through in situ heating transmission electron microscopy. With rising temperature, Au nanoprisms exhibit fluctuating surface reconstructions at the corner regions. When a quasi-melting state is reached at the temperature below bulk melting points, the evaporation is initiated commonly at a corner with low curvature and containing sharp intersection points. The subsequent annealing process leads to the gradual evaporation, which, in the absence of thick carbon coverages, is accompanied by marked shape reconstructions. The thermal stability and evaporation behaviors are not evidently regulated by nanoprism aggregations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Liu
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Huanhuan Yuan
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Lin L, Liu J, Liu X, Gao Z, Rui N, Yao S, Zhang F, Wang M, Liu C, Han L, Yang F, Zhang S, Wen XD, Senanayake SD, Wu Y, Li X, Rodriguez JA, Ma D. Reversing sintering effect of Ni particles on γ-Mo 2N via strong metal support interaction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6978. [PMID: 34848709 PMCID: PMC8632928 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversing the thermal induced sintering phenomenon and forming high temperature stable fine dispersed metallic centers with unique structural and electronic properties is one of the ever-lasting targets of heterogeneous catalysis. Here we report that the dispersion of metallic Ni particles into under-coordinated two-dimensional Ni clusters over γ-Mo2N is a thermodynamically favorable process based on the AIMD simulation. A Ni-4nm/γ-Mo2N model catalyst is synthesized and used to further study the reverse sintering effect by the combination of multiple in-situ characterization methods, including in-situ quick XANES and EXAFS, ambient pressure XPS and environmental SE/STEM etc. The under-coordinated two-dimensional layered Ni clusters on molybdenum nitride support generated from the Ni-4nm/γ-Mo2N has been demonstrated to be a thermally stable catalyst in 50 h stability test in CO2 hydrogenation, and exhibits a remarkable catalytic selectivity reverse compared with traditional Ni particles-based catalyst, leading to a chemo-specific CO2 hydrogenation to CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lin
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering and BIC-ESAT Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, China
- National Energy Centre for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, In-situ Center for Physical Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zirui Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering and BIC-ESAT Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ning Rui
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Siyu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Department, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Maolin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering and BIC-ESAT Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Lili Han
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, China
- National Energy Centre for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yichao Wu
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaonian Li
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - José A Rodriguez
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
- Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Department, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Ding Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering and BIC-ESAT Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China.
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14
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Sharna S, Bahri M, Bouillet C, Rouchon V, Lambert A, Gay AS, Chiche D, Ersen O. In situ STEM study on the morphological evolution of copper-based nanoparticles during high-temperature redox reactions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9747-9756. [PMID: 34019612 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01648b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the broad relevance of copper nanoparticles in industrial applications, the fundamental understanding of oxidation and reduction of copper at the nanoscale is still a matter of debate and remains within the realm of bulk or thin film-based systems. Moreover, the reported studies on nanoparticles vary widely in terms of experimental parameters and are predominantly carried out using either ex situ observation or environmental transmission electron microscopy in a gaseous atmosphere at low pressure. Hence, dedicated studies in regards to the morphological transformations and structural transitions of copper-based nanoparticles at a wider range of temperatures and under industrially relevant pressure would provide valuable insights to improve the application-specific material design. In this paper, copper nanoparticles are studied using in situ Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy to discern the transformation of the nanoparticles induced by oxidative and reductive environments at high temperatures. The nanoparticles were subjected to a temperature of 150 °C to 900 °C at 0.5 atm partial pressure of the reactive gas, which resulted in different modes of copper mobility both within the individual nanoparticles and on the surface of the support. Oxidation at an incremental temperature revealed the dependency of the nanoparticles' morphological evolution on their initial size as well as reaction temperature. After the formation of an initial thin layer of oxide, the nanoparticles evolved to form hollow oxide shells. The kinetics of formation of hollow particles were simulated using a reaction-diffusion model to determine the activation energy of diffusion and temperature-dependent diffusion coefficient of copper in copper oxide. Upon further temperature increase, the hollow shell collapsed to form compact and facetted nanoparticles. Reduction of copper oxide was carried out at different temperatures starting from various oxide phase morphologies. A reduction mechanism is proposed based on the dynamic of the reduction-induced fragmentation of the oxide phase. In a broader perspective, this study offers insights into the mobility of the copper phase during its oxidation-reduction process in terms of microstructural evolution as a function of nanoparticle size, reaction gas, and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Sharna
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, 69360 Solaize, France
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15
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Li J, Leonard Deepak F. In situ generation of sub-10 nm silver nanowires under electron beam irradiation in a TEM. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4765-4768. [PMID: 32253398 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00909a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a facile irradiation-assisted route to fabricate sub-10 nm Ag nanowires from oxide supports using a TEM. The obtained Ag nanowires show a tunable length/diameter aspect ratio with a minimum diameter of about 9.5 nm. Moreover, the nucleation and growth dynamics of Ag nanowires were uncovered from TEM observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China.
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