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Mathialagan SK, Parreiras SO, Tenorio M, Černa L, Moreno D, Muñiz-Cano B, Navío C, Valvidares M, Valbuena MA, Urgel JI, Gargiani P, Miranda R, Camarero J, Martínez JI, Gallego JM, Écija D. On-Surface Synthesis of Organolanthanide Sandwich Complexes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2308125. [PMID: 38610109 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of lanthanide-based organometallic sandwich compounds is very appealing regarding their potential for single-molecule magnetism. Here, it is exploited by on-surface synthesis to design unprecedented lanthanide-directed organometallic sandwich complexes on Au(111). The reported compounds consist of Dy or Er atoms sandwiched between partially deprotonated hexahydroxybenzene molecules, thus introducing a distinct family of homoleptic organometallic sandwiches based on six-membered ring ligands. Their structural, electronic, and magnetic properties are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray linear and circular magnetic dichroism, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, complemented by density functional theory-based calculations. Both lanthanide complexes self-assemble in close-packed islands featuring a hexagonal lattice. It is unveiled that, despite exhibiting analogous self-assembly, the erbium-based species is magnetically isotropic, whereas the dysprosium-based compound features an in-plane magnetization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia O Parreiras
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Maria Tenorio
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Lenka Černa
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Brno University of Technology, Brno, 60190, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Moreno
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Beatriz Muñiz-Cano
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Cristina Navío
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | | | - Miguel A Valbuena
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - José I Urgel
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Unidad de Nanomateriales Avanzados, IMDEA Nanoscience, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el ICMM, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | | | - Rodolfo Miranda
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Julio Camarero
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - José I Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - José M Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - David Écija
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Unidad de Nanomateriales Avanzados, IMDEA Nanoscience, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el ICMM, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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2
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Parreiras SO, Moreno D, Mathialagan SK, Muñiz-Cano B, Martín-Fuentes C, Tenorio M, Černa L, Urgel JI, Lauwaet K, Valvidares M, Valbuena MA, Gallego JM, Martínez JI, Gargiani P, Miranda R, Camarero J, Écija D. Lanthanide metal-organic network featuring strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7267-7271. [PMID: 37022670 PMCID: PMC10134435 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07189d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The coordination of lanthanides atoms in two-dimensional surface-confined metal-organic networks is a promising path to achieve an ordered array of single atom magnets. These networks are highly versatile with plenty of combinations of molecular linkers and metallic atoms. Notably, with an appropriate choice of molecules and lanthanide atoms it should be feasible to tailor the orientation and intensity of the magnetic anisotropy. However, up to now only tilted and almost in-plane easy axis of magnetizations were reported in lanthanide-based architectures. Here we introduce an Er-directed two-dimensional metallosupramolecular network on Cu(111) featuring strong out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy. Our results will contribute to pave avenues for the use of lanthanides in potential applications in nanomagnetism and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia O Parreiras
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Daniel Moreno
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | | | - Beatriz Muñiz-Cano
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Cristina Martín-Fuentes
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - María Tenorio
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Lenka Černa
- Brno University of Technology, 601 90, Czech Republic
| | - José I Urgel
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | | | - Miguel A Valbuena
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - José M Gallego
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid 28049, Spain.
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - José I Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | - Rodolfo Miranda
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid 28049, Spain.
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Julio Camarero
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid 28049, Spain.
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - David Écija
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid 28049, Spain.
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3
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Magnetic molecules on surfaces: SMMs and beyond. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Georgiev M, Chamati H. Single-Ion Magnets with Giant Magnetic Anisotropy and Zero-Field Splitting. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:42664-42673. [PMID: 36467950 PMCID: PMC9713882 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The design of mononuclear molecular nanomagnets exhibiting a huge energy barrier to the reversal of magnetization have seen a surge of interest during the last few decades due to their potential technological applications. More specifically, single-ion magnets are peculiarly attractive by virtue of their rich quantum behavior and distinct fine structure. These are viable candidates for implementation as single-molecule high-density information storage devices and other applications in future quantum technologies. The present review presents the comprehensive state of the art in the topic of single-ion magnets possessing an eminent magnetization-reversal barrier, very slow magnetic relaxation and high blocking temperature. We turn our attention to the achievements in the synthesis of 3d and 4f single-ion magnets during the last two decades and discuss the observed magnetostructural properties underlying the anisotropy behavior and the ensuing remanence. Furthermore, we highlight the fundamental theoretical aspects to shed light on the complex behavior of these nanosized magnetic entities. In particular, we focus on key notions, such as zero-field splitting, anisotropy energy and quantum tunneling of the magnetization and their interdependence.
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5
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Koutsouflakis E, Krylov D, Bachellier N, Sostina D, Dubrovin V, Liu F, Spree L, Velkos G, Schimmel S, Wang Y, Büchner B, Westerström R, Bulbucan C, Kirkpatrick K, Muntwiler M, Dreiser J, Greber T, Avdoshenko SM, Dorn H, Popov AA. Metamagnetic transition and a loss of magnetic hysteresis caused by electron trapping in monolayers of single-molecule magnet Tb 2@C 79N. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9877-9892. [PMID: 35781298 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08475e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Realization of stable spin states in surface-supported magnetic molecules is crucial for their applications in molecular spintronics, memory storage or quantum information processing. In this work, we studied the surface magnetism of dimetallo-azafullerene Tb2@C79N, showing a broad magnetic hysteresis in a bulk form. Surprisingly, monolayers of Tb2@C79N exhibited a completely different behavior, with the prevalence of a ground state with antiferromagnetic coupling at low magnetic field and a metamagnetic transition in the magnetic field of 2.5-4 T. Monolayers of Tb2@C79N were deposited onto Cu(111) and Au(111) by evaporation in ultra-high vacuum conditions, and their topography and electronic structure were characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in combination with DFT studies, revealed that the nitrogen atom of the azafullerene cage tends to avoid metallic surfaces. Magnetic properties of the (sub)monolayers were then studied by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Tb-M4,5 absorption edge. While in bulk powder samples Tb2@C79N behaves as a single-molecule magnet with ferromagnetically coupled magnetic moments and blocking of magnetization at 28 K, its monolayers exhibited a different ground state with antiferromagnetic coupling of Tb magnetic moments. To understand if this unexpected behavior is caused by a strong hybridization of fullerenes with metallic substrates, XMCD measurements were also performed for Tb2@C79N adsorbed on h-BN|Rh(111) and MgO|Ag(100). The co-existence of two forms of Tb2@C79N was found on these substrates as well, but magnetization curves showed narrow magnetic hysteresis detectable up to 25 K. The non-magnetic state of Tb2@C79N in monolayers is assigned to anionic Tb2@C79N- species with doubly-occupied Tb-Tb bonding orbital and antiferromagnetic coupling of the Tb moments. A charge transfer from the substrate or trapping of secondary electrons are discussed as a plausible origin of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Koutsouflakis
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Denis Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Bachellier
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Daria Sostina
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Schimmel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yaofeng Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- The Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Claudiu Bulbucan
- The Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kyle Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Matthias Muntwiler
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greber
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stas M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Harry Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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6
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Magnetic molecules as local sensors of topological hysteresis of superconductors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3838. [PMID: 35788608 PMCID: PMC9253336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Superconductors and magnetic materials, including molecules, are key ingredients for quantum computing and spintronics. However, only a little is known about how these materials interact in multilayer nanostructures like the hybrid architectures nowadays under development for such advanced applications. Here, we show that a single layer of magnetic molecules, Terbium(III) bis-phthalocyaninato (TbPc2) complexes, deposited under controlled UHV conditions on a superconducting Pb(111) surface is sensitive to the topology of the intermediate state of the superconductor, namely to the presence and evolution of superconducting and normal domains due to screening and penetration of an external magnetic field. The topological hysteresis of the superconducting substrate imprints a local evolution of the magnetisation of the TbPc2 molecules in the monolayer. Element and surface selective detection is achieved by recording the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism of the Tb atoms. This study reveals the impressive potential of magnetic molecules for sensing local magnetic field variations in molecular/superconductor hybrid devices, including spin resonators or spin injecting and spin filtering components for spintronics applications.
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7
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Martynov AG, Horii Y, Katoh K, Bian Y, Jiang J, Yamashita M, Gorbunova YG. Rare-earth based tetrapyrrolic sandwiches: chemistry, materials and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9262-9339. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00559j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises advances in chemistry of tetrapyrrole sandwiches with rare earth elements and highlights the current state of their use in single-molecule magnetism, organic field-effect transistors, conducting materials and nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Martynov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Leninskiy pr., 31, bldg.4, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yoji Horii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Keiichi Katoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Yongzhong Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
- Daxing Research Institute, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
- Daxing Research Institute, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Masahiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Leninskiy pr., 31, bldg.4, Moscow, Russia
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Leninskiy pr., 31, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Charytanowicz T, Jankowski R, Zychowicz M, Chorazy S, Sieklucka B. The rationalized pathway from field-induced slow magnetic relaxation in CoII–WIV chains to single-chain magnetism in isotopological CoII–WV analogues. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01427g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The change of the oxidation state from WIV to WV in isotopological CoII–[W(CN)8]n− chains leads to the appearence of pronounced single-chain magnet behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Charytanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert Jankowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mikolaj Zychowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Szymon Chorazy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Sieklucka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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9
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Singha A, Sostina D, Wolf C, Ahmed SL, Krylov D, Colazzo L, Gargiani P, Agrestini S, Noh WS, Park JH, Pivetta M, Rusponi S, Brune H, Heinrich AJ, Barla A, Donati F. Mapping Orbital-Resolved Magnetism in Single Lanthanide Atoms. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16162-16171. [PMID: 34546038 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Single lanthanide atoms and molecules are promising candidates for atomic data storage and quantum logic due to the long lifetime of their magnetic quantum states. Accessing and controlling these states through electrical transport requires precise knowledge of their electronic configuration at the level of individual atomic orbitals, especially of the outer shells involved in transport. However, no experimental techniques have so far shown the required sensitivity to probe single atoms with orbital selectivity. Here we resolve the magnetism of individual orbitals in Gd and Ho single atoms on MgO/Ag(100) by combining X-ray magnetic circular dichroism with multiplet calculations and density functional theory. In contrast to the usual assumption of bulk-like occupation of the different electronic shells, we establish a charge transfer mechanism leading to an unconventional singly ionized configuration. Our work identifies the role of the valence electrons in determining the quantum level structure and spin-dependent transport properties of lanthanide-based nanomagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Singha
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Daria Sostina
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Christoph Wolf
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Safa L Ahmed
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Denis Krylov
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Luciano Colazzo
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Pierluigi Gargiani
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stefano Agrestini
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Woo-Suk Noh
- MPPC-CPM, Max Planck POSTECH/Korea Research Initiative, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Marina Pivetta
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Rusponi
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harald Brune
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas J Heinrich
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Alessandro Barla
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Donati
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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10
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Donati F, Pivetta M, Wolf C, Singha A, Wäckerlin C, Baltic R, Fernandes E, de Groot JG, Ahmed SL, Persichetti L, Nistor C, Dreiser J, Barla A, Gambardella P, Brune H, Rusponi S. Correlation between Electronic Configuration and Magnetic Stability in Dysprosium Single Atom Magnets. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8266-8273. [PMID: 34569802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Single atom magnets offer the possibility of magnetic information storage in the most fundamental unit of matter. Identifying the parameters that control the stability of their magnetic states is crucial to design novel quantum magnets with tailored properties. Here, we use X-ray absorption spectroscopy to show that the electronic configuration of dysprosium atoms on MgO(100) thin films can be tuned by the proximity of the metal Ag(100) substrate onto which the MgO films are grown. Increasing the MgO thickness from 2.5 to 9 monolayers induces a change in the dysprosium electronic configuration from 4f9 to 4f10. Hysteresis loops indicate long magnetic lifetimes for both configurations, however, with a different field-dependent magnetic stability. Combining these measurements with scanning tunneling microscopy, density functional theory, and multiplet calculations unveils the role of the adsorption site and charge transfer to the substrate in determining the stability of quantum states in dysprosium single atom magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Donati
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Marina Pivetta
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Wolf
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Aparajita Singha
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Surface Science and Coating Technologies, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Research and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Romana Baltic
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edgar Fernandes
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Guillaume de Groot
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Safa Lamia Ahmed
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Luca Persichetti
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 64, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Corneliu Nistor
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 64, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light Source (SLS), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Barla
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pietro Gambardella
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 64, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harald Brune
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Rusponi
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Paschke F, Birk T, Enenkel V, Liu F, Romankov V, Dreiser J, Popov AA, Fonin M. Exceptionally High Blocking Temperature of 17 K in a Surface-Supported Molecular Magnet. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102844. [PMID: 34396601 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) are among the most promising building blocks for future magnetic data storage or quantum computing applications, owing to magnetic bistability and long magnetic relaxation times. The practical device integration requires realization of 2D surface assemblies of SMMs, where each magnetic unit shows magnetic relaxation being sufficiently slow at application-relevant temperatures. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, it is shown that sub-monolayers of Dy2 @C80 (CH2 Ph) dimetallofullerenes prepared on graphene by electrospray deposition exhibit magnetic behavior fully comparable to that of the bulk. Magnetic hysteresis and relaxation time measurements show that the magnetic moment remains stable for 100 s at 17 K, marking the blocking temperature TB(100) , being not only in excellent agreement with that of the bulk sample but also representing by far the highest one detected for a surface-supported single-molecule magnet. The reported findings give a boost to the efforts to stabilize and address the spin degree of freedom in molecular magnets aiming at the realization of SMM-based spintronic units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Paschke
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tobias Birk
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vivien Enenkel
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladyslav Romankov
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mikhail Fonin
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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12
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Rheinfrank E, Pörtner M, Nuñez Beyerle MDC, Haag F, Deimel PS, Allegretti F, Seufert K, Barth JV, Bocquet ML, Feulner P, Auwärter W. Actinide Coordination Chemistry on Surfaces: Synthesis, Manipulation, and Properties of Thorium Bis(porphyrinato) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14581-14591. [PMID: 34477375 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Actinide-based metal-organic complexes and coordination architectures encompass intriguing properties and functionalities but are still largely unexplored on surfaces. We introduce the in situ synthesis of actinide tetrapyrrole complexes under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions, on both a metallic support and a 2D material. Specifically, exposure of a tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) multilayer to an elemental beam of thorium followed by a temperature-programmed reaction and desorption of surplus molecules yields bis(porphyrinato)thorium (Th(TPP)2) assemblies on Ag(111) and hexagonal boron nitride/Cu(111). A multimethod characterization including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, temperature-programmed desorption, and complementary density functional theory modeling provides insights into conformational and electronic properties. Supramolecular assemblies of Th(TPP)2 as well as individual double-deckers are addressed with submolecular precision, e.g., demonstrating the reversible rotation of the top porphyrin in Th(TPP)2 by molecular manipulation. Our findings thus demonstrate prospects for actinide-based functional nanoarchitectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Rheinfrank
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mathias Pörtner
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Felix Haag
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter S Deimel
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marie-Laure Bocquet
- PASTEUR, Départment de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Peter Feulner
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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13
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Parreiras SO, Moreno D, Cirera B, Valbuena MA, Urgel JI, Paradinas M, Panighel M, Ajejas F, Niño MA, Gallego JM, Valvidares M, Gargiani P, Kuch W, Martínez JI, Mugarza A, Camarero J, Miranda R, Perna P, Écija D. Tuning the Magnetic Anisotropy of Lanthanides on a Metal Substrate by Metal-Organic Coordination. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102753. [PMID: 34279062 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Taming the magnetic anisotropy of lanthanides through coordination environments is crucial to take advantage of the lanthanides properties in thermally robust nanomaterials. In this work, the electronic and magnetic properties of Dy-carboxylate metal-organic networks on Cu(111) based on an eightfold coordination between Dy and ditopic linkers are inspected. This surface science study based on scanning probe microscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, complemented with density functional theory and multiplet calculations, reveals that the magnetic anisotropy landscape of the system is complex. Surface-supported metal-organic coordination is able to induce a change in the orientation of the easy magnetization axis of the Dy coordinative centers as compared to isolated Dy atoms and Dy clusters, and significantly increases the magnetic anisotropy. Surprisingly, Dy atoms coordinated in the metallosupramolecular networks display a nearly in-plane easy magnetization axis despite the out-of-plane symmetry axis of the coordinative molecular lattice. Multiplet calculations highlight the decisive role of the metal-organic coordination, revealing that the tilted orientation is the result of a very delicate balance between the interaction of Dy with O atoms and the precise geometry of the crystal field. This study opens new avenues to tailor the magnetic anisotropy and magnetic moments of lanthanide elements on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia O Parreiras
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Daniel Moreno
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Borja Cirera
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Miguel A Valbuena
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - José I Urgel
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Markos Paradinas
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Mirco Panighel
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Fernando Ajejas
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Miguel A Niño
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - José M Gallego
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Kuch
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - José I Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Aitor Mugarza
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Julio Camarero
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Paolo Perna
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - David Écija
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
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14
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Singha A, Willke P, Bilgeri T, Zhang X, Brune H, Donati F, Heinrich AJ, Choi T. Engineering atomic-scale magnetic fields by dysprosium single atom magnets. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4179. [PMID: 34234133 PMCID: PMC8263604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic scale engineering of magnetic fields is a key ingredient for miniaturizing quantum devices and precision control of quantum systems. This requires a unique combination of magnetic stability and spin-manipulation capabilities. Surface-supported single atom magnets offer such possibilities, where long temporal and thermal stability of the magnetic states can be achieved by maximizing the magnet/ic anisotropy energy (MAE) and by minimizing quantum tunnelling of the magnetization. Here, we show that dysprosium (Dy) atoms on magnesium oxide (MgO) have a giant MAE of 250 meV, currently the highest among all surface spins. Using a variety of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) techniques including single atom electron spin resonance (ESR), we confirm no spontaneous spin-switching in Dy over days at ≈ 1 K under low and even vanishing magnetic field. We utilize these robust Dy single atom magnets to engineer magnetic nanostructures, demonstrating unique control of magnetic fields with atomic scale tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Singha
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - P Willke
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Bilgeri
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - X Zhang
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Brune
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Donati
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A J Heinrich
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - T Choi
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Serrano G, Sorrentino AL, Poggini L, Cortigiani B, Goletti C, Sessoli R, Mannini M. Substrate mediated interaction of terbium(III) double-deckers with the TiO 2(110) surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12060-12067. [PMID: 34013308 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00928a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A terbium(iii)-bis(phthalocyaninato) neutral complex was deposited on the rutile TiO2(110) surface, and their interaction was studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the TiO2 rutile surface favours the adsorption of isolated molecules adopting a lying down configuration with the phthalocyanine planes tilted by about 30° when they lie in the first layer. The electronic and chemical properties of the molecules on the surface were studied by XPS as a function of the TiO2(110) substrate preparation. This study evidences that strong molecule-substrate interactions are present and a charge transfer process occurs from the molecule to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Serrano
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Florence (FI), Italy.
| | - Andrea Luigi Sorrentino
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Florence (FI), Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Poggini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Institute for Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Brunetto Cortigiani
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Claudio Goletti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Matteo Mannini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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16
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Wegner W, Zakrzewski JJ, Zychowicz M, Chorazy S. Incorporation of expanded organic cations in dysprosium(III) borohydrides for achieving luminescent molecular nanomagnets. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11354. [PMID: 34059691 PMCID: PMC8166919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminescent single-molecule magnets (SMMs) constitute a class of molecular materials offering optical insight into magnetic anisotropy, magnetic switching of emission, and magnetic luminescent thermometry. They are accessible using lanthanide(III) complexes with advanced organic ligands or metalloligands. We present a simple route to luminescent SMMs realized by the insertion of well-known organic cations, tetrabutylammonium and tetraphenylphosphonium, into dysprosium(III) borohydrides, the representatives of metal borohydrides investigated due to their hydrogen storage properties. We report two novel compounds, [n-Bu4N][DyIII(BH4)4] (1) and [Ph4P][DyIII(BH4)4] (2), involving DyIII centers surrounded by four pseudo-tetrahedrally arranged BH4- ions. While 2 has higher symmetry and adopts a tetragonal unit cell (I41/a), 1 crystallizes in a less symmetric monoclinic unit cell (P21/c). They exhibit yellow room-temperature photoluminescence related to the f-f electronic transitions. Moreover, they reveal DyIII-centered magnetic anisotropy generated by the distorted arrangement of four borohydride anions. It leads to field-induced slow magnetic relaxation, well-observed for the magnetically diluted samples, [n-Bu4N][YIII0.9DyIII0.1(BH4)4] (1@Y) and [Ph4P][YIII0.9DyIII0.1(BH4)4] (2@Y). 1@Y exhibits an Orbach-type relaxation with an energy barrier of 26.4(5) K while only the onset of SMM features was found in 2@Y. The more pronounced single-ion anisotropy of DyIII complexes of 1 was confirmed by the results of the ab initio calculations performed for both 1-2 and the highly symmetrical inorganic DyIII borohydrides, α/β-Dy(BH4)3, 3 and 4. The magneto-luminescent character was achieved by the implementation of large organic cations that lower the symmetry of DyIII centers inducing single-ion anisotropy and separate them in the crystal lattice enabling the emission property. These findings are supported by the comparison with 3 and 4, crystalizing in cubic unit cells, which are not emissive and do not exhibit SMM behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Wegner
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
- Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jakub J Zakrzewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mikolaj Zychowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Chorazy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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17
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S-Functionalized Tripods with Monomethylene Spacers: Routes to Tetrairon(III) Single-Molecule Magnets with Ultrashort Tethering Groups. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry6040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The organization of single-molecule magnets (SMMs) on surfaces is a mainstream research path in molecular magnetism. Of special importance is the control of grafting geometry in chemisorbed monolayers on metal surfaces. We herein present the synthesis, solid-state structure, and magnetic characterization of propeller-like tetrairon(III) SMMs containing the shortest-reported tethering groups for gold surfaces. Functionalization of molecular structure is attained using 2-R-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol tripodal proligands (H3LR). The R substituents comprise a monomethylene spacer and three different terminations known to act as stable precursors of S-Au bonds (R = CH2SCN, CH2SAc and CH2SSnBu). These chemical groups are shown to be chemically compatible with the tetrairon(III) core and to afford fully-functional SMMs in crystalline form and in fair to excellent yields.
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18
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Hahn P, Ullmann S, Klose J, Peng Y, Powell AK, Kersting B. Dinuclear Tb and Dy complexes supported by hybrid Schiff-base/calixarene ligands: synthesis, structures and magnetic properties. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10901-10908. [PMID: 32720658 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02209h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of the new lanthanide complexes [HNEt3][Dy2(HL1)(L1)] (5), and [Ln2(L2)2] (Ln = TbIII (7), DyIII (8)) supported by the hybrid Schiff-base/calix[4]arene ligands H4L1 (25-[2-((2-methylphenol)imino)ethoxy]-26,27,28-trihydroxy-calix[4]arene) and H3L2 (25-[2-((2-methylpyridine)imino)ethoxy]-26,27,28-trihydroxy-calix[4]arene) are reported. Spectroscopic data (for 5) and X-ray crystallographic analysis (for 7·4MeCN, 8·4MeCN) reveal the presence of dimeric structures, featuring doubly-bridged NO4Ln(μ-O)2LnO4N (5) or N2O3Ln(μ-O)2LnO3N2 cores (7, 8) with seven-coordinated Ln3+ ions. The magnetic properties of polycrystalline samples of 5, 7 and 8 were studied by variable temperature dc and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements. The χ''(T) vs. T plots show no maxima in zero field, but the maxima can be detected under a 3 kOe dc field. The relaxation times τ obey the Arrhenius law above 5 K. Anisotropy barriers of ∼18 cm-1 (26 K) for 5 and ∼23 cm-1 (33 K) for 8 were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Steve Ullmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jennifer Klose
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Yan Peng
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Annie K Powell
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Berthold Kersting
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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19
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Li M, Wu H, Xia Z, Ungur L, Liu D, Chibotaru LF, Ke H, Chen S, Gao S. An Inconspicuous Six-Coordinate Neutral DyIII Single-Ion Magnet with Remarkable Magnetic Anisotropy and Stability. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7158-7166. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Haipeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Zhengqiang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Liviu Ungur
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Block S8 Level 3, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Liviu F. Chibotaru
- Theory of Nanomaterials Group and Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry -INPAC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hongshan Ke
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Sanping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Shengli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
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20
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Serrano G, Poggini L, Briganti M, Sorrentino AL, Cucinotta G, Malavolti L, Cortigiani B, Otero E, Sainctavit P, Loth S, Parenti F, Barra AL, Vindigni A, Cornia A, Totti F, Mannini M, Sessoli R. Quantum dynamics of a single molecule magnet on superconducting Pb(111). NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:546-551. [PMID: 32066930 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic materials interfaced with superconductors may reveal new physical phenomena with potential for quantum technologies. The use of molecules as magnetic components has already shown great promise, but the diversity of properties offered by the molecular realm remains largely unexplored. Here we investigate a submonolayer of tetrairon(III) propeller-shaped single molecule magnets deposited on a superconducting lead surface. This material combination reveals a strong influence of the superconductor on the spin dynamics of the single molecule magnet. It is shown that the superconducting transition to the condensate state switches the single molecule magnet from a blocked magnetization state to a resonant quantum tunnelling regime. Our results open perspectives to control single molecule magnetism via superconductors and to use single molecule magnets as local probes of the superconducting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Serrano
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff' and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Poggini
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff' and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Matteo Briganti
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff' and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Andrea Luigi Sorrentino
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff' and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cucinotta
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff' and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luigi Malavolti
- Institute FMQ, University of Stuttgart & Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Brunetto Cortigiani
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff' and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Edwige Otero
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, France
| | - Philippe Sainctavit
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, France
- IMPMC, UMR7590 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Loth
- Institute FMQ, University of Stuttgart & Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Francesca Parenti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences and INSTM Research Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Cornia
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences and INSTM Research Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Totti
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff' and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Matteo Mannini
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff' and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff' and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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21
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Krylov DS, Schimmel S, Dubrovin V, Liu F, Nguyen TTN, Spree L, Chen C, Velkos G, Bulbucan C, Westerström R, Studniarek M, Dreiser J, Hess C, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Substrate‐Independent Magnetic Bistability in Monolayers of the Single‐Molecule Magnet Dy
2
ScN@C
80
on Metals and Insulators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sebastian Schimmel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - T. T. Nhung Nguyen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Chia‐Hsiang Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Claudiu Bulbucan
- The division of synchrotron radiation research Lund University 22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- The division of synchrotron radiation research Lund University 22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Michał Studniarek
- Swiss Light Source Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light Source Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Christian Hess
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
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22
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Krylov DS, Schimmel S, Dubrovin V, Liu F, Nguyen TTN, Spree L, Chen C, Velkos G, Bulbucan C, Westerström R, Studniarek M, Dreiser J, Hess C, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Substrate-Independent Magnetic Bistability in Monolayers of the Single-Molecule Magnet Dy 2 ScN@C 80 on Metals and Insulators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5756-5764. [PMID: 31860759 PMCID: PMC7155138 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic hysteresis is demonstrated for monolayers of the single-molecule magnet (SMM) Dy2 ScN@C80 deposited on Au(111), Ag(100), and MgO|Ag(100) surfaces by vacuum sublimation. The topography and electronic structure of Dy2 ScN@C80 adsorbed on Au(111) were studied by STM. X-ray magnetic CD studies show that the Dy2 ScN@C80 monolayers exhibit similarly broad magnetic hysteresis independent on the substrate used, but the orientation of the Dy2 ScN cluster depends strongly on the surface. DFT calculations show that the extent of the electronic interaction of the fullerene molecules with the surface is increasing dramatically from MgO to Au(111) and Ag(100). However, the charge redistribution at the fullerene-surface interface is fully absorbed by the carbon cage, leaving the state of the endohedral cluster intact. This Faraday cage effect of the fullerene preserves the magnetic bistability of fullerene-SMMs on conducting substrates and facilitates their application in molecular spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
- Center for Quantum NanoscienceInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sebastian Schimmel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - T. T. Nhung Nguyen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Chia‐Hsiang Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
- Department of Medicinal and Applied ChemistryKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung807Taiwan
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Claudiu Bulbucan
- The division of synchrotron radiation researchLund University22100LundSweden
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- The division of synchrotron radiation researchLund University22100LundSweden
| | - Michał Studniarek
- Swiss Light SourcePaul Scherrer Institute5232Villigen PSISwitzerland
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light SourcePaul Scherrer Institute5232Villigen PSISwitzerland
| | - Christian Hess
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
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23
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Wysocki AL, Park K. Nature of Hyperfine Interactions in TbPc 2 Single-Molecule Magnets: Multiconfigurational Ab Initio Study. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2771-2780. [PMID: 32072814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide-based single-ion magnetic molecules can have large magnetic hyperfine interactions as well as large magnetic anisotropy. Recent experimental studies reported tunability of these properties by changes of chemical environments or by application of external stimuli for device applications. In order to provide insight onto the origin and mechanism of such tunability, here we investigate the magnetic hyperfine and nuclear quadrupole interactions for a 159Tb nucleus in TbPc2 (Pc = phthalocyanine) single-molecule magnets using multiconfigurational ab initio methods including spin-orbit interaction. Since the electronic ground and first-excited (quasi)doublets are well separated in energy, the microscopic Hamiltonian can be mapped onto an effective Hamiltonian with an electronic pseudospin S = 1/2. From the ab initio calculated parameters, we find that the magnetic hyperfine coupling is dominated by the interaction of the Tb nuclear spin with electronic orbital angular momentum. The asymmetric 4f-like electronic charge distribution leads to a strong nuclear quadrupole interaction with significant transverse terms for the molecule with low symmetry. The ab initio calculated electronic-nuclear spectrum including the magnetic hyperfine and quadrupole interactions is in excellent agreement with the experiment. We further find that the transverse quadrupole interactions significantly influence the avoided level crossings in magnetization dynamics and that the molecular distortions affect mostly the Fermi contact terms as well as the transverse quadrupole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyungwha Park
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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24
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Donati F, Rusponi S, Stepanow S, Persichetti L, Singha A, Juraschek DM, Wäckerlin C, Baltic R, Pivetta M, Diller K, Nistor C, Dreiser J, Kummer K, Velez-Fort E, Spaldin NA, Brune H, Gambardella P. Unconventional Spin Relaxation Involving Localized Vibrational Modes in Ho Single-Atom Magnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:077204. [PMID: 32142323 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.077204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the spin relaxation of Ho single atom magnets on MgO/Ag(100) as a function of temperature and magnetic field. We find that the spin relaxation is thermally activated at low field, while it remains larger than 1000 s up to 30 K and 8 T. This behavior contrasts with that of single molecule magnets and bulk paramagnetic impurities, which relax faster at high field. Combining our results with density functional theory, we rationalize this unconventional behavior by showing that local vibrations activate a two-phonon Raman process with a relaxation rate that peaks near zero field and is suppressed at high field. Our work shows the importance of these excitations in the relaxation of axially coordinated magnetic atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Donati
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - S Rusponi
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Stepanow
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 64, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Persichetti
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 64, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - A Singha
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - D M Juraschek
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 64, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - C Wäckerlin
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - R Baltic
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Pivetta
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Diller
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Nistor
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 64, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Dreiser
- Swiss Light Source (SLS), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K Kummer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - E Velez-Fort
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - N A Spaldin
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 64, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Brune
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Gambardella
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 64, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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