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Erik Maris JJ, Parker LA, Stanciakova K, Nikolopoulos N, Berendsen KMH, van Blaaderen A, Meirer F, Rabouw FT, Weckhuysen BM. Molecular Accessibility and Diffusion of Resorufin in Zeolite Crystals. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302553. [PMID: 37815001 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
We have used confocal laser scanning microscopy on the small, fluorescent resorufin dye molecule to visualize molecular accessibility and diffusion in the hierarchical, anisotropic pore structure of large (~10 μm-sized) zeolite-β crystals. The resorufin dye is widely used in life and materials science, but only in its deprotonated form because the protonated molecule is barely fluorescent in aqueous solution. In this work, we show that protonated resorufin is in fact strongly fluorescent when confined within zeolite micropores, thus enabling fluorescence microimaging experiments. We find that J-aggregation guest-guest interactions lead to a decrease in the measured fluorescence intensity that can be prevented by using non-fluorescent spacer molecules. We characterized the pore space by introducing resorufin from the outside solution and following its diffusion into zeolite-β crystals. The eventual homogeneous distribution of resorufin molecules throughout the zeolite indicates a fully accessible pore network. This enables the quantification of the diffusion coefficient in the straight pores of zeolite-β without the need for complex analysis, and we found a value of 3×10-15 m2 s-1 . Furthermore, we saw that diffusion through the straight pores of zeolite-β is impeded when crossing the boundaries between zeolite subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Erik Maris
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Utrecht University, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht (The, Netherlands
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luke A Parker
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Utrecht University, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht (The, Netherlands
- TNO, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB, Utrecht (The, Netherlands
| | - Katarina Stanciakova
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Utrecht University, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht (The, Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Nikolopoulos
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Utrecht University, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht (The, Netherlands
| | - Koen M H Berendsen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Utrecht University, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht (The, Netherlands
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Utrecht University, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht (The, Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Utrecht University, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht (The, Netherlands
| | - Freddy T Rabouw
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Utrecht University, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht (The, Netherlands
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Utrecht University, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht (The, Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Utrecht University, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht (The, Netherlands
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2
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Hu X, Zhu C, Sun F, Chen Z, Zou J, Chen X, Yang Z. J-Aggregation Strategy toward Potentiated NIR-II Fluorescence Bioimaging of Molecular Fluorophores. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304848. [PMID: 37526997 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular fluorophores emitting in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) window with strong optical harvesting and high quantum yields hold great potential for in vivo deep-tissue bioimaging and high-resolution biosensing. Recently, J-aggregates are harnessed to engineer long-wavelength NIR-II emitters and show unique superiority in tumor detection, vessel mapping, surgical navigation, and phototheranostics due to their bathochromic-shifted optical bands in the required slip-stacked arrangement aggregation state. However, despite the preliminary progress of NIR-II J-aggregates and theoretical study of structure-property relationships, further paradigms of NIR-II J-aggregates remain scarce due to the lack of study on aggregated fluorophores with slip-stacked fashion. In this effort, how to utilize the specific molecular structure to form slip-stacked packing motifs with J-type aggregated exciton coupling is emphatically elucidated. First, several molecular regulating strategies to achieve NIR-II J-aggregates containing intermolecular interactions and external conditions are positively summarized and deeply analyzed. Then, the recent reports on J-aggregates for NIR-II bioimaging and theranostics are systematically summarized to provide a clear reference and direction for promoting the development of NIR-II organic fluorophores. Eventually, the prospective efforts on ameliorating and promoting NIR-II J-aggregates to further clinical practices are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Hu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Caijun Zhu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Fengwei Sun
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Zejing Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Jianhua Zou
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Zhen Yang
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
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Rana P, Jennifer G A, Rao T S, Mukhopadhyay S, Varathan E, Das P. Polarity-Induced Morphological Transformation with Tunable Optical Output of Terpyridine-Phenanthro[9,10- d]imidazole-Based Ligand and Its Zn(II) Complexes with I- V Characteristics. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48855-48872. [PMID: 38162736 PMCID: PMC10753698 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanostructures obtained from various functional π-conjugated organic molecules have been able to draw substantial interest due to their inherent optical properties, which are imperative for developing optoelectronic devices, multiple-color-emitting devices with color-tunable displays, and optical sensors. These π-conjugated molecules have proven their potential employment in various organic electronic applications. Therefore, the stimuli-responsive fabrication of these π-conjugated systems into a well-ordered assembly is extremely crucial to tuning their inherent optical properties for improved performance in organic electronic applications. To this end, herein, we have designed and synthesized a functional π-conjugated molecule (TP) having phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole with terpyridine substitution at the 2 position and its corresponding metal complexes (TPZn and (TP)2Zn). By varying the polarity of the self-assembly medium, TP, TPZn, and (TP)2Zn are fabricated into well-ordered superstructures with morphological individualities. However, this medium polarity-induced self-assembly can tune the inherent optical properties of TP, TPZn, and (TP)2Zn and generate multiple fluorescence colors. Particularly, this property makes them useful for organic electronic applications, which require adjustable luminescence output. More importantly, in 10% aqueous-THF medium, TPZn exhibited H-type aggregation-induced white light emission and behaved as a single-component white light emitter. The experimentally obtained results of the solvent polarity-induced variation in optical properties as well as self-assembly patterns were further confirmed by theoretical investigation using density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, we investigated the I-V characteristics, both vertical and horizontal, using ITO and glass surfaces coated with TP, TPZn, and (TP)2Zn, respectively, and displayed maximum current density for the TPZn-coated surface with the order of measured current density TPZn > TP > (TP)2Zn. This observed order of current density measurements was also supported by a direct band gap calculation associated with the frontier molecular orbitals using the Tauc plot. Hence, solvent polarity-induced self-assembly behavior with adjustable luminescence output and superior I-V characteristics of TPZn make it an exceptional candidate for organic electronic applications and electronic device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Rana
- Department
of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and
Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Abigail Jennifer G
- Department
of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and
Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Shanmuka Rao T
- Department
of Physics, SRM University, Village − Neeru Konda, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India
| | - Sabyasachi Mukhopadhyay
- Department
of Physics, SRM University, Village − Neeru Konda, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India
| | - Elumalai Varathan
- Department
of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and
Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Priyadip Das
- Department
of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and
Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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Li Z, Xie H, Shi H, Chen H, Gao Y. Photosensitizers Dispersed on Nanosized Triterpenoid Matrix with Deaggregation-Enhanced Singlet Oxygen Production. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4973-4983. [PMID: 36661249 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effects of photosensitizers severely cut down the generation of quantum yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) for effective photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, we accomplish a deaggregation-enhanced 1O2 production strategy by the noncovalent coordination of a clinically applied triterpenoid oleanolic acid (OA) and hematoporphyrin (Hp) via one-step self-assembly, forming a nanosensitizer OH, in which Hp is interspersed on the surface of the OA matrix in a face-to-face manner. The scattered arrangement of Hp held by the OA matrix decreases the π-π aggregation in Hp, leading to a 3.7-fold boost in the intracellular 1O2 yield and high phototoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the biologically active OA enables OH to display excellent cellular uptake efficiency (increase by 36-fold), deep tumor penetration, and synergistic antitumor outcome at a low dose. Thus, this simple strategy paves the way for the green development of efficient photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Huanzhang Xie
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Huifang Shi
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
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Barotov U, Arachchi DHT, Klein MD, Zhang J, Šverko T, Bawendi MG. Near-Unity Superradiant Emission from Delocalized Frenkel Excitons in a Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Assembly. ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 11:2201471. [PMID: 36846517 PMCID: PMC9957265 DOI: 10.1002/adom.202201471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate three general effective strategies to mitigate non-radiative losses in the superradiant emission from supramolecular assemblies. We focus on J-aggregates of 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1'-diethyl-3,3'-di(4-sulfobutyl)-benzimidazolocarbocyanine (TDBC) and elucidate the nature of their nonradiative processes. We show that self-annealing at room temperature, photo-brightening, and the purification of the dye monomers all lead to substantial increases in emission quantum yields (QYs) and a concomitant lengthening of the emission lifetime, with purification of the monomers having the largest effect. We use structural and optical measurements to support a microscopic model that emphasizes the deleterious effects of a small number of impurity and defect sites that serve as non-radiative recombination centers. This understanding has yielded a room temperature molecular fluorophore in solution with an unprecedented combination of fast emissive lifetime and high QY. We obtain superradiant emission from J-aggregates of TDBC in solution at room temperature with a QY of 82% coupled with an emissive lifetime of 174 ps. This combination of high QY and fast lifetime at room temperature makes supramolecular assemblies of purified TDBC a model system for the study of fundamental superradiance phenomena. High QY J-aggregates are uniquely suited for the development of applications that require high speed and high brightness fluorophores such as devices for high speed optical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulugbek Barotov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dimuthu H. Thanippuli Arachchi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Megan D. Klein
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Juanye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tara Šverko
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Moungi G. Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Piwoński H, Nozue S, Habuchi S. The Pursuit of Shortwave Infrared-Emitting Nanoparticles with Bright Fluorescence through Molecular Design and Excited-State Engineering of Molecular Aggregates. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:253-283. [PMID: 37102065 PMCID: PMC10125152 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence detection gradually becomes a pivotal real-time imaging modality, allowing one to elucidate biological complexity in deep tissues with subcellular resolution. The key challenge for the further growth of this imaging modality is the design of new brighter biocompatible fluorescent probes. This review summarizes the recent progress in the development of organic-based nanomaterials with an emphasis on new strategies that extend the fluorescence wavelength from the near-infrared to the SWIR spectral range and amplify the fluorescence brightness. We first introduce the most representative molecular design strategies to obtain near-infrared-SWIR wavelength fluorescence emission from small organic molecules. We then discuss how the formation of nanoparticles based on small organic molecules contributes to the improvement of fluorescence brightness and the shift of fluorescence to SWIR, with a special emphasis on the excited-state engineering of molecular probes in an aggregate state and spatial packing of the molecules in nanoparticles. We build our discussion based on a historical perspective on the photophysics of molecular aggregates. We extend this discussion to nanoparticles made of conjugated polymers and discuss how fluorescence characteristics could be improved by molecular design and chain conformation of the polymer molecules in nanoparticles. We conclude the article with future directions necessary to expand this imaging modality to wider bioimaging applications including single-particle deep tissue imaging. Issues related to the characterization of SWIR fluorophores, including fluorescence quantum yield unification, are also mentioned.
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7
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Zerulla B, Krstić M, Beutel D, Holzer C, Wöll C, Rockstuhl C, Fernandez-Corbaton I. A Multi-Scale Approach for Modeling the Optical Response of Molecular Materials Inside Cavities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200350. [PMID: 35384088 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent fabrication advances in nanoscience and molecular materials point toward a new era where material properties are tailored in silico for target applications. To fully realize this potential, accurate and computationally efficient theoretical models are needed for: a) the computer-aided design and optimization of new materials before their fabrication; and b) the accurate interpretation of experiments. The development of such theoretical models is a challenging multi-disciplinary problem where physics, chemistry, and material science are intertwined across spatial scales ranging from the molecular to the device level, that is, from ångströms to millimeters. In photonic applications, molecular materials are often placed inside optical cavities. Together with the sought-after enhancement of light-molecule interactions, the cavities bring additional complexity to the modeling of such devices. Here, a multi-scale approach that, starting from ab initio quantum mechanical molecular simulations, can compute the electromagnetic response of macroscopic devices such as cavities containing molecular materials is presented. Molecular time-dependent density-functional theory calculations are combined with the efficient transition matrix based solution of Maxwell's equations. Some of the capabilities of the approach are demonstrated by simulating surface metal-organic frameworks -in-cavity and J-aggregates-in-cavity systems that have been recently investigated experimentally, and providing a refined understanding of the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Zerulla
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marjan Krstić
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dominik Beutel
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christof Holzer
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ivan Fernandez-Corbaton
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Anantharaman SB, Jo K, Jariwala D. Exciton-Photonics: From Fundamental Science to Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12628-12654. [PMID: 34310122 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors in all dimensionalities ranging from 0D quantum dots and molecules to 3D bulk crystals support bound electron-hole pair quasiparticles termed excitons. Over the past two decades, the emergence of a variety of low-dimensional semiconductors that support excitons combined with advances in nano-optics and photonics has burgeoned an advanced area of research that focuses on engineering, imaging, and modulating the coupling between excitons and photons, resulting in the formation of hybrid quasiparticles termed exciton-polaritons. This advanced area has the potential to bring about a paradigm shift in quantum optics, as well as classical optoelectronic devices. Here, we present a review on the coupling of light in excitonic semiconductors and previous investigations of the optical properties of these hybrid quasiparticles via both far-field and near-field imaging and spectroscopy techniques. Special emphasis is given to recent advances with critical evaluation of the bottlenecks that plague various materials toward practical device implementations including quantum light sources. Our review highlights a growing need for excitonic material development together with optical engineering and imaging techniques to harness the utility of excitons and their host materials for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra B Anantharaman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kiyoung Jo
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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9
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Roth SM, Press DJ, Heyne B, Sutherland TC. Synthetic Access to Benzimidacarbocyanine Dyes to Tailor Their Aggregation Properties. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8641-8651. [PMID: 34151572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Developing structure-aggregation relationships of cyanine dyes is crucial for controlling their optical properties for various uses. This study develops a synthetic route and the structure-dependent self-assembly of a family of benzimidacarbocyanine dyes for J- or H-aggregation properties. It was found that both the presence and placement of halogen atoms play a defining role in the resulting supramolecular interactions of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M Roth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - David J Press
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Belinda Heyne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Todd C Sutherland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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