1
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Song S, Rahaman M, Jariwala D. Can 2D Semiconductors Be Game-Changers for Nanoelectronics and Photonics? ACS Nano 2024; 18:10955-10978. [PMID: 38625032 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
2D semiconductors have interesting physical and chemical attributes that have led them to become one of the most intensely investigated semiconductor families in recent history. They may play a crucial role in the next technological revolution in electronics as well as optoelectronics or photonics. In this Perspective, we explore the fundamental principles and significant advancements in electronic and photonic devices comprising 2D semiconductors. We focus on strategies aimed at enhancing the performance of conventional devices and exploiting important properties of 2D semiconductors that allow fundamentally interesting device functionalities for future applications. Approaches for the realization of emerging logic transistors and memory devices as well as photovoltaics, photodetectors, electro-optical modulators, and nonlinear optics based on 2D semiconductors are discussed. We also provide a forward-looking perspective on critical remaining challenges and opportunities for basic science and technology level applications of 2D semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunguk Song
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mahfujur Rahaman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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2
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Singhvi P, Vankova N, Heine T. External Electric Field Control of Exciton Motion in Porphyrin-Based Metal Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2024:e202400180. [PMID: 38606436 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrins are excellent light-harvesting complexes. Presently they are unsuitable for photovoltaic applications, as their excellent light absorbance is compensated to a large extent by their poor transport properties, where most excitons are lost by recombination. Arranging porphyrins in regular, strongly bound, lattices of surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks (PP-SURMOFs) may facilitate charge carrier dissociation, but does not significantly enhance the conductive properties. In most cases, photogenerated excitons traverse undirected, Brownian motion through a hopping process, resulting in a substantial diffusion length to reach electrodes, leading to significant exciton loss through recombination. Here, we propose to guide exciton diffusion indirectly by an external electric field. We show that electric fields, even as strong as 1 V nm-1, do not affect the HOMO-LUMO gap of the porphyrins. However, fields of 0.1 V nm-1 and even less demonstrate a notable Stark effect, with slight band gap reductions, for some PP-SURMOFs. When applied as an electric field gradient, for instance, via the substrate, it creates a unidirectional hopping pathway for the excitons. Consequently, we expect a significant reduction of exciton diffusion length leading to increased utilization of photogenerated excitons as they reach the electrodes. This strategy holds promise for integrating photoactive molecules in photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Singhvi
- Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66c, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nina Vankova
- Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66c, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66c, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding, CASUS, Untermarkt 20, 02826, Görlitz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, HZDR, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and ibs for nanomedicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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3
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Anantharaman SB, Lynch J, Stevens CE, Munley C, Li C, Hou J, Zhang H, Torma A, Darlington T, Coen F, Li K, Majumdar A, Schuck PJ, Mohite A, Harutyunyan H, Hendrickson JR, Jariwala D. Dynamics of self-hybridized exciton-polaritons in 2D halide perovskites. Light Sci Appl 2024; 13:1. [PMID: 38161209 PMCID: PMC10757995 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Excitons, bound electron-hole pairs, in two-dimensional hybrid organic inorganic perovskites (2D HOIPs) are capable of forming hybrid light-matter states known as exciton-polaritons (E-Ps) when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical cavity. In the case of 2D HOIPs, they can self-hybridize into E-Ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIP crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the excitons. However, the fundamental properties of these self-hybridized E-Ps in 2D HOIPs, including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces, remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that >0.5 µm thick 2D HOIP crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting multiple-orders of self-hybridized E-P modes. These E-Ps have high Q factors (>100) and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and emission. Through varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements, we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E-Ps to lower energy E-Ps. Finally, we also demonstrate that E-Ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at interfaces. Our findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E-Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra B Anantharaman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Jason Lynch
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christopher E Stevens
- KBR Inc., Beavercreek, OH, 45431, USA
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Christopher Munley
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Chentao Li
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jin Hou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Andrew Torma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Thomas Darlington
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Francis Coen
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kevin Li
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Arka Majumdar
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - P James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Aditya Mohite
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Hayk Harutyunyan
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Joshua R Hendrickson
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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4
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Aftab S, Hussain S, Al-Kahtani AA. Latest Innovations in 2D Flexible Nanoelectronics. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2301280. [PMID: 37104492 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
2D materials with dangling-bond-free surfaces and atomically thin layers have been shown to be capable of being incorporated into flexible electronic devices. The electronic and optical properties of 2D materials can be tuned or controlled in other ways by using the intriguing strain engineering method. The latest and encouraging techniques in regard to creating flexible 2D nanoelectronics are condensed in this review. These techniques have the potential to be used in a wider range of applications in the near and long term. It is possible to use ultrathin 2D materials (graphene, BP, WTe2 , VSe2 etc.) and 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) in order to enable the electrical behavior of the devices to be studied. A category of materials is produced on smaller scales by exfoliating bulk materials, whereas chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and epitaxial growth are employed on larger scales. This overview highlights two distinct requirements, which include from a single semiconductor or with van der Waals heterostructures of various nanomaterials. They include where strain must be avoided and where it is required, such as solutions to produce strain-insensitive devices, and such as pressure-sensitive outcomes, respectively. Finally, points-of-view about the current difficulties and possibilities in regard to using 2D materials in flexible electronics are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikandar Aftab
- Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Abdullah A Al-Kahtani
- Chemistry Department, Collage of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Purbayanto MAK, Chandel M, Birowska M, Rosenkranz A, Jastrzębska AM. Optically Active MXenes in Van der Waals Heterostructures. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2301850. [PMID: 37715336 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The vertical integration of distinct 2D materials in van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures provides the opportunity for interface engineering and modulation of electronic as well as optical properties. However, scarce experimental studies reveal many challenges for vdW heterostructures, hampering the fine-tuning of their electronic and optical functionalities. Optically active MXenes, the most recent member of the 2D family, with excellent hydrophilicity, rich surface chemistry, and intriguing optical properties, are a novel 2D platform for optoelectronics applications. Coupling MXenes with various 2D materials into vdW heterostructures can open new avenues for the exploration of physical phenomena of novel quantum-confined nanostructures and devices. Therefore, the fundamental basis and recent findings in vertical vdW heterostructures composed of MXenes as a primary component and other 2D materials as secondary components are examined. Their robust designs and synthesis approaches that can push the boundaries of light-harvesting, transition, and utilization are discussed, since MXenes provide a unique playground for pursuing an extraordinary optical response or unusual light conversion features/functionalities. The recent findings are finally summarized, and a perspective for the future development of next-generation vdW multifunctional materials enriched by MXenes is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A K Purbayanto
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, Warsaw, 02-507, Poland
| | - Madhurya Chandel
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, Warsaw, 02-507, Poland
| | - Magdalena Birowska
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Andreas Rosenkranz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Avenida Beauchef 851, Santiago, 8370456, Chile
| | - Agnieszka M Jastrzębska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, Warsaw, 02-507, Poland
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6
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Bhuyan R, Mony J, Kotov O, Castellanos GW, Gómez Rivas J, Shegai TO, Börjesson K. The Rise and Current Status of Polaritonic Photochemistry and Photophysics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10877-10919. [PMID: 37683254 PMCID: PMC10540218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between molecular electronic transitions and electromagnetic fields can be enlarged to the point where distinct hybrid light-matter states, polaritons, emerge. The photonic contribution to these states results in increased complexity as well as an opening to modify the photophysics and photochemistry beyond what normally can be seen in organic molecules. It is today evident that polaritons offer opportunities for molecular photochemistry and photophysics, which has caused an ever-rising interest in the field. Focusing on the experimental landmarks, this review takes its reader from the advent of the field of polaritonic chemistry, over the split into polariton chemistry and photochemistry, to present day status within polaritonic photochemistry and photophysics. To introduce the field, the review starts with a general description of light-matter interactions, how to enhance these, and what characterizes the coupling strength. Then the photochemistry and photophysics of strongly coupled systems using Fabry-Perot and plasmonic cavities are described. This is followed by a description of room-temperature Bose-Einstein condensation/polariton lasing in polaritonic systems. The review ends with a discussion on the benefits, limitations, and future developments of strong exciton-photon coupling using organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhuyan
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Mony
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Oleg Kotov
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gabriel W. Castellanos
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaime Gómez Rivas
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timur O. Shegai
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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7
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Wan R, Mankus D, Lee WS, Lytton-Jean AKR, Tisdale WA, Dincă M. Dipole-Dependent Waveguiding in an Anisotropic Metal-Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19042-19048. [PMID: 37605330 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between excitons and photons underlies a range of emergent technologies, such as directional light emission, molecular lasers, photonic circuits, and polaritonic devices. Two of the key parameters that impact exciton-photon coupling are the binding energy of excitons and the relative orientations between the exciton dipole and photon field. Tightly bound excitons are typically found in molecular crystals, where nevertheless the angular relationship of excitons with photon fields is difficult to control. Here, we demonstrate directional exciton dipoles and photon fields, anchored by metal-ligand coordination. In a pyrene-porphyrin bichromophoric metal-organic framework (MOF), we observe that the perpendicular arrangement of the pyrene- and porphyrin-based exciton dipoles engenders orthogonal polarizations of their respective emissions. The alignment of the directional exciton and photon fields gives rise to an anisotropic waveguide effect, where the pyrene- and the porphyrin-based emissions show distinct spatial distribution within microplate-shaped MOF crystals. This capability to simultaneously host heterogenous excitonic states and anisotropic photon fields points toward MOFs' yet-to-be-realized potential as a platform for advancing the frontier in the field of exciton-photonics, which centers around engineering emergent properties from the interplay between excitons and photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruomeng Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Mankus
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Woo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Abigail K R Lytton-Jean
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William A Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mircea Dincă
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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8
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Strandell DP, Ghosh A, Zenatti D, Nagpal P, Kambhampati P. Direct Observation of Higher Multiexciton Formation and Annihilation in CdSe Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6904-6911. [PMID: 37498205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Most experiments on multiexcitons (MX) in quantum dots focused on the biexciton (XX), which is now well-understood. In contrast, there is little understanding of higher MX in quantum dots as a result of their difficulty to observe. Here, we apply time-resolved photoluminescence (t-PL) spectroscopy with 3 ps time resolution, sufficient to directly resolve previously unobserved spectral dynamics of a higher MX in CdSe quantum dots. These experiments resolve the controversy of the sequence of MX emissions, revealing that the higher channels sequentially populate the lower channels. There is a strong dependence of MX recombination kinetics upon a higher MX state, following a universal volume scaling law for Auger recombination for larger dots. Smaller dots show deviations for higher MX. In addition to triexcitons (3X), these experiments reveal MX up to the tetraexciton (4X). These experiments provide a direct observation of MX formation and annihilation in quantum dots. The impact of this observation is a step toward designing quantum dots to exploit higher MX processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas P Strandell
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Davide Zenatti
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Priya Nagpal
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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9
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Lau CS, Das S, Verzhbitskiy IA, Huang D, Zhang Y, Talha-Dean T, Fu W, Venkatakrishnarao D, Johnson Goh KE. Dielectrics for Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Applications. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37257134 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite over a decade of intense research efforts, the full potential of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides continues to be limited by major challenges. The lack of compatible and scalable dielectric materials and integration techniques restrict device performances and their commercial applications. Conventional dielectric integration techniques for bulk semiconductors are difficult to adapt for atomically thin two-dimensional materials. This review provides a brief introduction into various common and emerging dielectric synthesis and integration techniques and discusses their applicability for 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. Dielectric integration for various applications is reviewed in subsequent sections including nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, flexible electronics, valleytronics, biosensing, quantum information processing, and quantum sensing. For each application, we introduce basic device working principles, discuss the specific dielectric requirements, review current progress, present key challenges, and offer insights into future prospects and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chit Siong Lau
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sarthak Das
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ivan A Verzhbitskiy
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ding Huang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yiyu Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Teymour Talha-Dean
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Fu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Dasari Venkatakrishnarao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kuan Eng Johnson Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
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10
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Jo K, Marino E, Lynch J, Jiang Z, Gogotsi N, Darlington TP, Soroush M, Schuck PJ, Borys NJ, Murray CB, Jariwala D. Direct nano-imaging of light-matter interactions in nanoscale excitonic emitters. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2649. [PMID: 37156799 PMCID: PMC10167231 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong light-matter interactions in localized nano-emitters placed near metallic mirrors have been widely reported via spectroscopic studies in the optical far-field. Here, we report a near-field nano-spectroscopic study of localized nanoscale emitters on a flat Au substrate. Using quasi 2-dimensional CdSe/CdxZn1-xS nanoplatelets, we observe directional propagation on the Au substrate of surface plasmon polaritons launched from the excitons of the nanoplatelets as wave-like fringe patterns in the near-field photoluminescence maps. These fringe patterns were confirmed via extensive electromagnetic wave simulations to be standing-waves formed between the tip and the edge-up assembled nano-emitters on the substrate plane. We further report that both light confinement and in-plane emission can be engineered by tuning the surrounding dielectric environment of the nanoplatelets. Our results lead to renewed understanding of in-plane, near-field electromagnetic signal transduction from the localized nano-emitters with profound implications in nano and quantum photonics as well as resonant optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoung Jo
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emanuele Marino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jason Lynch
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zhiqiao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Natalie Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Thomas P Darlington
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mohammad Soroush
- Departement of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - P James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Nicholas J Borys
- Departement of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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11
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Xu H, Xu J, Jiang M, Liu M, Tang K, Kan C, Shi D. Exciton-polariton light-emitting diode based on a single ZnO superlattice microwire heterojunction with performance enhanced by Rh nanostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5836-5848. [PMID: 36745472 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05446a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) wirelike superlattice micro/nanostructures have received considerable attention for potential applications due to their versatility and capability for modulating optical and electrical characteristics. In this study, 1D superlattice microwires (MWs), which are made of undoped ZnO and Ga-doped ZnO with periodic and alternating crystalline layers (ZnO/ZnO:Ga), were synthesized individually. Under optical excitation, a series of resonance peaks in the photoluminescence spectrum can be ascribed to polariton emission, which originates from the coupling interaction of the 1D photonic crystal and confined excitons along the wire direction. Using a p-type GaN layer as the hole transport layer, a kind of waveguide light source based on an individual ZnO/ZnO:Ga superlattice MW was proposed and constructed. By analysing the spatially resolved electroluminescence spectra, the observed multipeak was ascribed to exciton-polariton emission with a vacuum Rabi splitting of about 275 meV. Cladding with Rh nanostructures gives rise to appropriate ultraviolet plasmons, and the Rabi splitting energy of our device was enhanced up to 413 meV. The exciton-polariton properties were further examined using angle-resolved electroluminescence measurements. Therefore, individual superlattice MWs can act as optical microresonators to achieve photon-exciton coupling with a large Rabi splitting energy. The experimental results indicate that an individual ZnO/ZnO:Ga superlattice MW can be generally used in developing exciton-polariton luminescence/lasing light sources, particularly for constructing low-threshold/thresholdless lasers toward pragmatic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Xu
- College of Physics, MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29 Jiangjun Road, Nanjing 211106, China. .,College of Mathematics and Physics, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Physics, MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29 Jiangjun Road, Nanjing 211106, China.
| | - Mingming Jiang
- College of Physics, MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29 Jiangjun Road, Nanjing 211106, China.
| | - Maosheng Liu
- College of Physics, MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29 Jiangjun Road, Nanjing 211106, China.
| | - Kai Tang
- College of Physics, MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29 Jiangjun Road, Nanjing 211106, China.
| | - Caixia Kan
- College of Physics, MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29 Jiangjun Road, Nanjing 211106, China.
| | - Daning Shi
- College of Physics, MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29 Jiangjun Road, Nanjing 211106, China.
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12
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Hennighausen Z, Hudak BM, Phillips M, Moon J, McCreary KM, Chuang HJ, Rosenberger MR, Jonker BT, Li CH, Stroud RM, van 't Erve OMJ. Room-Temperature Oxygen Transport in Nanothin Bi xO ySe z Enables Precision Modulation of 2D Materials. ACS Nano 2022; 16:13969-13981. [PMID: 36074972 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen conductors and transporters are important to several consequential renewable energy technologies, including fuel cells and syngas production. Separately, monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have demonstrated significant promise for a range of applications, including quantum computing, advanced sensors, valleytronics, and next-generation optoelectronics. Here, we synthesize a few-nanometer-thick BixOySez compound that strongly resembles a rare R3m bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) phase and combine it with monolayer TMDs, which are highly sensitive to their environment. We use the resulting 2D heterostructure to study oxygen transport through BixOySez into the interlayer region, whereby the 2D material properties are modulated, finding extraordinarily fast diffusion near room temperature under laser exposure. The oxygen diffusion enables reversible and precise modification of the 2D material properties by controllably intercalating and deintercalating oxygen. Changes are spatially confined, enabling sub-micrometer features (e.g., pixels), and are long-term stable for more than 221 days. Our work suggests few-nanometer-thick BixOySez is a promising unexplored room-temperature oxygen transporter. Additionally, our findings suggest that the mechanism can be applied to other 2D materials as a generalized method to manipulate their properties with high precision and sub-micrometer spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah Hennighausen
- NRC Postdoc Residing at the Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Bethany M Hudak
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Madeleine Phillips
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Jisoo Moon
- NRC Postdoc Residing at the Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Kathleen M McCreary
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Hsun-Jen Chuang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
- Nova Research, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia 22308, United States
| | | | - Berend T Jonker
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Connie H Li
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Rhonda M Stroud
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Olaf M J van 't Erve
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
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13
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Jelken J, Avilés MO, Lagugné-Labarthet F. The Hidden Flower in WS 2 Flakes: A Combined Nanomechanical and Tip-Enhanced Raman Exploration. ACS Nano 2022; 16:12352-12363. [PMID: 35876460 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on tungsten disulfide (WS2) flakes grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which exhibit a flower-like surface structure above the primary few-layer flake with a triangular shape. The fine structure is only revealed in the mechanical, chemical, and electronic properties of the flake but not in the topography. The origin of this structure is the peculiar one-step growth during the CVD process that permits to control the sulfur concentration at any time. A high concentration of S at the onset of the deposition process leads to a rapid growth of the flake, resulting in tungsten vacancies. Reducing the sulfur concentration toward the end of the growth slows down the reaction and leads to sulfur vacancies. These microscale domains were studied by confocal- and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy revealing their chemical composition with high spatial resolution. A strong quenching of the photoluminescence in the tungsten-vacancy domains is observed. Atomic force microscope measurements, performed in intermittent contact mode, force modulation mode (including lateral force mode), and PeakForce quantitative nanomechanics mode, show that the mechanical properties of these domains differ. Within the tungsten-vacancy domains, the adhesion force is reduced, while the friction force increased. Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements show that the electronic properties of the flakes are modulated by these domains. The combined nanomechanical and nanospectroscopy measurements provide detailed insights on the inhomogeneous surface properties of the single WS2 flake, further highlighting how its multidomain properties can be finely tuned using CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Jelken
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario (Western University), 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - María O Avilés
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario (Western University), 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - François Lagugné-Labarthet
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario (Western University), 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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14
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Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of organic crystalline porous materials discovered in the early 21st century that have become an attractive class of emerging materials due to their high crystallinity, intrinsic porosity, structural regularity, diverse functionality, design flexibility, and outstanding stability. However, many chemical and physical properties strongly depend on the presence of metal ions in materials for advanced applications, but metal-free COFs do not have these properties and are therefore excluded from such applications. Metalated COFs formed by combining COFs with metal ions, while retaining the advantages of COFs, have additional intriguing properties and applications, and have attracted considerable attention over the past decade. This review presents all aspects of metalated COFs, from synthetic strategies to various applications, in the hope of promoting the continued development of this young field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Guan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Le-Le Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Yu-Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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15
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Kato R, Moriyama T, Umakoshi T, Yano TA, Verma P. Ultrastable tip-enhanced hyperspectral optical nanoimaging for defect analysis of large-sized WS 2 layers. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo4021. [PMID: 35857514 PMCID: PMC9286508 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Optical nanoimaging techniques, such as tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), are nowadays indispensable for chemical and optical characterization in the entire field of nanotechnology and have been extensively used for various applications, such as visualization of nanoscale defects in two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, it is still challenging to investigate micrometer-sized sample with nanoscale spatial resolution because of severe limitation of measurement time due to drift of the experimental system. Here, we achieved long-duration TERS imaging of a micrometer-sized WS2 sample for 6 hours in a reproducible manner. Our ultrastable TERS system enabled to reveal the defect density on the surface of tungsten disulfide layers in large area equivalent to the device scale. It also helped us to detect rare defect-related optical signals from the sample. The present study paves ways to evaluate nanoscale defects of 2D materials in large area and to unveil remarkable optical and chemical properties of large-sized nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kato
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Toki Moriyama
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Umakoshi
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Taka-aki Yano
- Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Prabhat Verma
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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16
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Nguyen AT, Kwon S, Song J, Cho E, Kim H, Kim DW. Self-Hybridized Exciton-Polaritons in Sub-10-nm-Thick WS2 Flakes: Roles of Optical Phase Shifts at WS2/Au Interfaces. Nanomaterials 2022; 12:nano12142388. [PMID: 35889612 PMCID: PMC9319842 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exciton–polaritons (EPs) can be formed in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) multilayers sustaining optical resonance modes without any external cavity. The self-hybridized EP modes are expected to depend on the TMD thickness, which directly determines the resonance wavelength. Exfoliated WS2 flakes were prepared on SiO2/Si substrates and template-stripped ultraflat Au layers, and the thickness dependence of their EP modes was compared. For WS2 flakes on SiO2/Si, the minimum flake thickness to exhibit exciton–photon anticrossing was larger than 40 nm. However, for WS2 flakes on Au, EP mode splitting appeared in flakes thinner than 10 nm. Analytical and numerical calculations were performed to explain the distinct thickness-dependence. The phase shifts of light at the WS2/Au interface, originating from the complex Fresnel coefficients, were as large as π/2 at visible wavelengths. Such exceptionally large phase shifts allowed the optical resonance and resulting EP modes in the sub-10-nm-thick WS2 flakes. This work helps us to propose novel optoelectronic devices based on the intriguing exciton physics of TMDs.
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17
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Despoja V, Marušić L. Prediction of Strong Transversal s(TE) Exciton–Polaritons in C60 Thin Crystalline Films. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6943. [PMID: 35805945 PMCID: PMC9266707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
If an exciton and a photon can change each other’s properties, indicating that the regime of their strong bond is achieved, it usually happens in standard microcavity devices, where the large overlap between the ’confined’ cavity photons and the 2D excitons enable the hybridization and the band gap opening in the parabolic photonic branch (as clear evidence of the strong exciton–photon coupling). Here, we show that the strong light–matter coupling can occur beyond the microcavity device setup, i.e., between the ’free’ s(TE) photons and excitons. The s(TE) exciton–polariton is a polarization mode, which (contrary to the p(TM) mode) appears only as a coexistence of a photon and an exciton, i.e., it vanishes in the non-retarded limit (c→∞). We show that a thin fullerene C60 crystalline film (consisting of N C60 single layers) deposited on an Al2O3 dielectric surface supports strong evanescent s(TE)-polarized exciton–polariton. The calculated Rabi splitting is more than Ω=500 meV for N=10, with a tendency to increase with N, indicating a very strong photonic character of the exciton–polariton.
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18
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Rahaman M, Zahn DRT. Plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of two-dimensional semiconductors. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:333001. [PMID: 35671747 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac7689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have grown fast into an extraordinary research field due to their unique physical properties compared to other semiconducting materials. The class of materials proved extremely fertile for both fundamental studies and a wide range of applications from electronics/spintronics/optoelectronics to photocatalysis and CO2reduction. 2D materials are highly confined in the out-of-plane direction and often possess very good environmental stability. Therefore, they have also become a popular material system for the manipulation of optoelectronic properties via numerous external parameters. Being a versatile characterization technique, Raman spectroscopy is used extensively to study and characterize various physical properties of 2D materials. However, weak signals and low spatial resolution hinder its application in more advanced systems where decoding local information plays an important role in advancing our understanding of these materials for nanotechnology applications. In this regard, plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has been introduced in recent time to investigate local heterogeneous information of 2D semiconductors. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of 2D semiconductors. We discuss the current state-of-art and provide future perspectives on this specific branch of Raman spectroscopy applied to 2D semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfujur Rahaman
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104 Pennsilvania, United States of America
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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19
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Huang L, Krasnok A, Alú A, Yu Y, Neshev D, Miroshnichenko AE. Enhanced light-matter interaction in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Rep Prog Phys 2022; 85:046401. [PMID: 34939940 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac45f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials, such as MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2, have received extensive attention in the past decade due to their extraordinary electronic, optical and thermal properties. They evolve from indirect bandgap semiconductors to direct bandgap semiconductors while their layer number is reduced from a few layers to a monolayer limit. Consequently, there is strong photoluminescence in a monolayer (1L) TMDC due to the large quantum yield. Moreover, such monolayer semiconductors have two other exciting properties: large binding energy of excitons and valley polarization. These properties make them become ideal materials for various electronic, photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, their performance is limited by the relatively weak light-matter interactions due to their atomically thin form factor. Resonant nanophotonic structures provide a viable way to address this issue and enhance light-matter interactions in 2D TMDCs. Here, we provide an overview of this research area, showcasing relevant applications, including exotic light emission, absorption and scattering features. We start by overviewing the concept of excitons in 1L-TMDC and the fundamental theory of cavity-enhanced emission, followed by a discussion on the recent progress of enhanced light emission, strong coupling and valleytronics. The atomically thin nature of 1L-TMDC enables a broad range of ways to tune its electric and optical properties. Thus, we continue by reviewing advances in TMDC-based tunable photonic devices. Next, we survey the recent progress in enhanced light absorption over narrow and broad bandwidths using 1L or few-layer TMDCs, and their applications for photovoltaics and photodetectors. We also review recent efforts of engineering light scattering, e.g., inducing Fano resonances, wavefront engineering in 1L or few-layer TMDCs by either integrating resonant structures, such as plasmonic/Mie resonant metasurfaces, or directly patterning monolayer/few layers TMDCs. We then overview the intriguing physical properties of different van der Waals heterostructures, and their applications in optoelectronic and photonic devices. Finally, we draw our opinion on potential opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Huang
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Alex Krasnok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, United States of America
| | - Andrea Alú
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States of America
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Yiling Yu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Dragomir Neshev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andrey E Miroshnichenko
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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20
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Glavin NR, Ajayan PM, Kar S. Quantum Materials Manufacturing. Adv Mater 2022:e2109892. [PMID: 35195312 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The quantum age is just around the corner. As quantum systems become more stable, robust, and mainstream, tackling the challenge of high-throughput manufacturing will require further developments in materials synthesis, characterization, assembly, and diagnostics. As the building blocks of future technologies scale down to atomic and molecular scales, a paradigm shift in manufacturing will begin to take shape. Inspired by a quantum manufacturing world that elevates the Materials Genome Initiative to the next level, a "human-in-the-loop" framework for high-throughput manufacturing, which addresses key opportunities and challenges to be overcome, is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Glavin
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Swastik Kar
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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21
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Al-shaikh H, Lasri J, Knight JG. Bimetallic Ru:Co Mesoporous Nanoparticles Stabilized by PEG and Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Based [KIT-6] as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Couplings in H2O:EtOH Solution. Catal Letters. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-03951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Alfieri A, Anantharaman SB, Zhang H, Jariwala D. Nanomaterials for Quantum Information Science and Engineering. Adv Mater 2022:e2109621. [PMID: 35139247 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum information science and engineering (QISE)-which entails the use of quantum mechanical states for information processing, communications, and sensing-and the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology have dominated condensed matter physics and materials science research in the 21st century. Solid-state devices for QISE have, to this point, predominantly been designed with bulk materials as their constituents. This review considers how nanomaterials (i.e., materials with intrinsic quantum confinement) may offer inherent advantages over conventional materials for QISE. The materials challenges for specific types of qubits, along with how emerging nanomaterials may overcome these challenges, are identified. Challenges for and progress toward nanomaterials-based quantum devices are condidered. The overall aim of the review is to help close the gap between the nanotechnology and quantum information communities and inspire research that will lead to next-generation quantum devices for scalable and practical quantum applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Alfieri
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Surendra B Anantharaman
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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