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Meisenheimer P, Moore G, Zhou S, Zhang H, Huang X, Husain S, Chen X, Martin LW, Persson KA, Griffin S, Caretta L, Stevenson P, Ramesh R. Switching the spin cycloid in BiFeO 3 with an electric field. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2903. [PMID: 38575570 PMCID: PMC10995181 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) is a multiferroic material that exhibits both ferroelectricity and canted antiferromagnetism at room temperature, making it a unique candidate in the development of electric-field controllable magnetic devices. The magnetic moments in BiFeO3 are arranged into a spin cycloid, resulting in unique magnetic properties which are tied to the ferroelectric order. Previous understanding of this coupling has relied on average, mesoscale measurements. Using nitrogen vacancy-based diamond magnetometry, we observe the magnetic spin cycloid structure of BiFeO3 in real space. This structure is magnetoelectrically coupled through symmetry to the ferroelectric polarization and this relationship is maintained through electric field switching. Through a combination of in-plane and out-of-plane electrical switching, coupled with ab initio studies, we have discovered that the epitaxy from the substrate imposes a magnetoelastic anisotropy on the spin cycloid, which establishes preferred cycloid propagation directions. The energy landscape of the cycloid is shaped by both the ferroelectric degree of freedom and strain-induced anisotropy, restricting the spin spiral propagation vector to changes to specific switching events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Meisenheimer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Guy Moore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shiyu Zhou
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sajid Husain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xianzhe Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice Advanced Materials Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sinéad Griffin
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lucas Caretta
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Paul Stevenson
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice Advanced Materials Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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2
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Guirguis D, Tucker C, Beuth J. Accelerating process development for 3D printing of new metal alloys. Nat Commun 2024; 15:582. [PMID: 38233405 PMCID: PMC10794417 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Addressing the uncertainty and variability in the quality of 3D printed metals can further the wide spread use of this technology. Process mapping for new alloys is crucial for determining optimal process parameters that consistently produce acceptable printing quality. Process mapping is typically performed by conventional methods and is used for the design of experiments and ex situ characterization of printed parts. On the other hand, in situ approaches are limited because their observable features are limited and they require complex high-cost setups to obtain temperature measurements to boost accuracy. Our method relaxes these limitations by incorporating the temporal features of molten metal dynamics during laser-metal interactions using video vision transformers and high-speed imaging. Our approach can be used in existing commercial machines and can provide in situ process maps for efficient defect and variability quantification. The generalizability of the approach is demonstrated by performing cross-dataset evaluations on alloys with different compositions and intrinsic thermofluid properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Guirguis
- Next Manufacturing Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Conrad Tucker
- Next Manufacturing Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jack Beuth
- Next Manufacturing Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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3
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Blalock ZN, Wu GWY, Lindqvist D, Trumpff C, Flory JD, Lin J, Reus VI, Rampersaud R, Hammamieh R, Gautam A, Doyle FJ, Marmar CR, Jett M, Yehuda R, Wolkowitz OM, Mellon SH. Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA levels and glucocorticoid sensitivity in a cohort of male veterans with and without combat-related PTSD. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:22. [PMID: 38200001 PMCID: PMC10781666 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) is a biomarker of cellular injury or cellular stress and is a potential novel biomarker of psychological stress and of various brain, somatic, and psychiatric disorders. No studies have yet analyzed ccf-mtDNA levels in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), despite evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in this condition. In the current study, we compared plasma ccf-mtDNA levels in combat trauma-exposed male veterans with PTSD (n = 111) with those who did not develop PTSD (n = 121) and also investigated the relationship between ccf mt-DNA levels and glucocorticoid sensitivity. In unadjusted analyses, ccf-mtDNA levels did not differ significantly between the PTSD and non-PTSD groups (t = 1.312, p = 0.191, Cohen's d = 0.172). In a sensitivity analysis excluding participants with diabetes and those using antidepressant medication and controlling for age, the PTSD group had lower ccf-mtDNA levels than did the non-PTSD group (F(1, 179) = 5.971, p = 0.016, partial η2 = 0.033). Across the entire sample, ccf-mtDNA levels were negatively correlated with post-dexamethasone adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decline (r = -0.171, p = 0.020) and cortisol decline (r = -0.149, p = 0.034) (viz., greater ACTH and cortisol suppression was associated with lower ccf-mtDNA levels) both with and without controlling for age, antidepressant status and diabetes status. Ccf-mtDNA levels were also significantly positively associated with IC50-DEX (the concentration of dexamethasone at which 50% of lysozyme activity is inhibited), a measure of lymphocyte glucocorticoid sensitivity, after controlling for age, antidepressant status, and diabetes status (β = 0.142, p = 0.038), suggesting that increased lymphocyte glucocorticoid sensitivity is associated with lower ccf-mtDNA levels. Although no overall group differences were found in unadjusted analyses, excluding subjects with diabetes and those taking antidepressants, which may affect ccf-mtDNA levels, as well as controlling for age, revealed decreased ccf-mtDNA levels in PTSD. In both adjusted and unadjusted analyses, low ccf-mtDNA levels were associated with relatively increased glucocorticoid sensitivity, often reported in PTSD, suggesting a link between mitochondrial and glucocorticoid-related abnormalities in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary N Blalock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gwyneth W Y Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Unit for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Janine D Flory
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor I Reus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Rampersaud
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francis J Doyle
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles R Marmar
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marti Jett
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Synthia H Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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4
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Anantharaman SB, Lynch J, Stevens CE, Munley C, Li C, Hou J, Zhang H, Torma A, Darlington T, Coen F, Li K, Majumdar A, Schuck PJ, Mohite A, Harutyunyan H, Hendrickson JR, Jariwala D. Dynamics of self-hybridized exciton-polaritons in 2D halide perovskites. Light Sci Appl 2024; 13:1. [PMID: 38161209 PMCID: PMC10757995 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Excitons, bound electron-hole pairs, in two-dimensional hybrid organic inorganic perovskites (2D HOIPs) are capable of forming hybrid light-matter states known as exciton-polaritons (E-Ps) when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical cavity. In the case of 2D HOIPs, they can self-hybridize into E-Ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIP crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the excitons. However, the fundamental properties of these self-hybridized E-Ps in 2D HOIPs, including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces, remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that >0.5 µm thick 2D HOIP crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting multiple-orders of self-hybridized E-P modes. These E-Ps have high Q factors (>100) and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and emission. Through varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements, we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E-Ps to lower energy E-Ps. Finally, we also demonstrate that E-Ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at interfaces. Our findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E-Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra B Anantharaman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Jason Lynch
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christopher E Stevens
- KBR Inc., Beavercreek, OH, 45431, USA
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Christopher Munley
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Chentao Li
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jin Hou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Andrew Torma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Thomas Darlington
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Francis Coen
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kevin Li
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Arka Majumdar
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - P James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Aditya Mohite
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Hayk Harutyunyan
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Joshua R Hendrickson
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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5
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Hopp FR, Amir O, Fisher JT, Grafton S, Sinnott-Armstrong W, Weber R. Moral foundations elicit shared and dissociable cortical activation modulated by political ideology. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:2182-2198. [PMID: 37679440 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Moral foundations theory (MFT) holds that moral judgements are driven by modular and ideologically variable moral foundations but where and how these foundations are represented in the brain and shaped by political beliefs remains an open question. Using a moral vignette judgement task (n = 64), we probed the neural (dis)unity of moral foundations. Univariate analyses revealed that moral judgement of moral foundations, versus conventional norms, reliably recruits core areas implicated in theory of mind. Yet, multivariate pattern analysis demonstrated that each moral foundation elicits dissociable neural representations distributed throughout the cortex. As predicted by MFT, individuals' liberal or conservative orientation modulated neural responses to moral foundations. Our results confirm that each moral foundation recruits domain-general mechanisms of social cognition but also has a dissociable neural signature malleable by sociomoral experience. We discuss these findings in view of unified versus dissociable accounts of morality and their neurological support for MFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic R Hopp
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ori Amir
- Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Jacob T Fisher
- Department of Communication, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Scott Grafton
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - René Weber
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Department of Communication, Media Neuroscience Lab, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- School of Communication and Media, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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6
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Alexander GV, Shi C, O'Neill J, Wachsman ED. Extreme lithium-metal cycling enabled by a mixed ion- and electron-conducting garnet three-dimensional architecture. Nat Mater 2023; 22:1136-1143. [PMID: 37537353 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of solid-state Li-metal batteries has been limited by the Li-metal plating and stripping rates and the tendency for dendrite shorts to form at commercially relevant current densities. To address this, we developed a single-phase mixed ion- and electron-conducting (MIEC) garnet with comparable Li-ion and electronic conductivities. We demonstrate that in a trilayer architecture with a porous MIEC framework supporting a thin, dense, garnet electrolyte, the critical current density can be increased to a previously unheard of 100 mA cm-2, with no dendrite-shorting. Additionally, we demonstrate that symmetric Li cells can be continuously cycled at a current density of 60 mA cm-2 with a maximum per-cycle Li plating and stripping capacity of 30 mAh cm-2, which is 6× the capacity of state-of-the-art cathodes. Moreover, a cumulative Li plating capacity of 18.5 Ah cm-2 was achieved with the MIEC/electrolyte/MIEC architecture, which if paired with a state-of-the-art cathode areal capacity of 5 mAh cm-2 would yield a projected 3,700 cycles, significantly surpassing requirements for commercial electric vehicle battery lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George V Alexander
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Changmin Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jon O'Neill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Eric D Wachsman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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7
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Chi H, Ou Y, Eldred TB, Gao W, Kwon S, Murray J, Dreyer M, Butera RE, Foucher AC, Ambaye H, Keum J, Greenberg AT, Liu Y, Neupane MR, de Coster GJ, Vail OA, Taylor PJ, Folkes PA, Rong C, Yin G, Lake RK, Ross FM, Lauter V, Heiman D, Moodera JS. Strain-tunable Berry curvature in quasi-two-dimensional chromium telluride. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3222. [PMID: 37270579 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic transition metal chalcogenides form an emerging platform for exploring spin-orbit driven Berry phase phenomena owing to the nontrivial interplay between topology and magnetism. Here we show that the anomalous Hall effect in pristine Cr2Te3 thin films manifests a unique temperature-dependent sign reversal at nonzero magnetization, resulting from the momentum-space Berry curvature as established by first-principles simulations. The sign change is strain tunable, enabled by the sharp and well-defined substrate/film interface in the quasi-two-dimensional Cr2Te3 epitaxial films, revealed by scanning transmission electron microscopy and depth-sensitive polarized neutron reflectometry. This Berry phase effect further introduces hump-shaped Hall peaks in pristine Cr2Te3 near the coercive field during the magnetization switching process, owing to the presence of strain-modulated magnetic layers/domains. The versatile interface tunability of Berry curvature in Cr2Te3 thin films offers new opportunities for topological electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chi
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA.
| | - Yunbo Ou
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Tim B Eldred
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Wenpei Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Sohee Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Joseph Murray
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Michael Dreyer
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Robert E Butera
- Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Alexandre C Foucher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Haile Ambaye
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jong Keum
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Physical Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | | | - Yuhang Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Mahesh R Neupane
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | | | - Owen A Vail
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA
| | | | | | - Charles Rong
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA
| | - Gen Yin
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Roger K Lake
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Frances M Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Valeria Lauter
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Don Heiman
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jagadeesh S Moodera
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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8
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Zhu D, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Yan Q, Wu H, Liu CY, Wang X, Alemany LB, Gao G, Senftle TP, Peng Y, Wu X, Verduzco R. Three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with pto and mhq-z topologies based on Tri- and tetratopic linkers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2865. [PMID: 37208348 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess higher surface areas, more abundant pore channels, and lower density compared to their two-dimensional counterparts which makes the development of 3D COFs interesting from a fundamental and practical point of view. However, the construction of highly crystalline 3D COF remains challenging. At the same time, the choice of topologies in 3D COFs is limited by the crystallization problem, the lack of availability of suitable building blocks with appropriate reactivity and symmetries, and the difficulties in crystalline structure determination. Herein, we report two highly crystalline 3D COFs with pto and mhq-z topologies designed by rationally selecting rectangular-planar and trigonal-planar building blocks with appropriate conformational strains. The pto 3D COFs show a large pore size of 46 Å with an extremely low calculated density. The mhq-z net topology is solely constructed from totally face-enclosed organic polyhedra displaying a precise uniform micropore size of 1.0 nm. The 3D COFs show a high CO2 adsorption capacity at room temperature and can potentially serve as promising carbon capture adsorbents. This work expands the choice of accessible 3D COF topologies, enriching the structural versatility of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-325, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Qianqian Yan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-325, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Han Wu
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Chun-Yen Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Lawrence B Alemany
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Guanhui Gao
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-325, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Thomas P Senftle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yongwu Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-325, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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9
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Laitz M, Kaplan AEK, Deschamps J, Barotov U, Proppe AH, García-Benito I, Osherov A, Grancini G, deQuilettes DW, Nelson KA, Bawendi MG, Bulović V. Uncovering temperature-dependent exciton-polariton relaxation mechanisms in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2426. [PMID: 37105984 PMCID: PMC10140020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid perovskites have emerged as a promising material candidate for exciton-polariton (polariton) optoelectronics. Thermodynamically, low-threshold Bose-Einstein condensation requires efficient scattering to the polariton energy dispersion minimum, and many applications demand precise control of polariton interactions. Thus far, the primary mechanisms by which polaritons relax in perovskites remains unclear. In this work, we perform temperature-dependent measurements of polaritons in low-dimensional perovskite wedged microcavities achieving a Rabi splitting of [Formula: see text] = 260 ± 5 meV. We change the Hopfield coefficients by moving the optical excitation along the cavity wedge and thus tune the strength of the primary polariton relaxation mechanisms in this material. We observe the polariton bottleneck regime and show that it can be overcome by harnessing the interplay between the different excitonic species whose corresponding dynamics are modified by strong coupling. This work provides an understanding of polariton relaxation in perovskites benefiting from efficient, material-specific relaxation pathways and intracavity pumping schemes from thermally brightened excitonic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Laitz
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander E K Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jude Deschamps
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ulugbek Barotov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew H Proppe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Inés García-Benito
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Osherov
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Grancini
- Department of Chemistry & INSTM, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dane W deQuilettes
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Keith A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir Bulović
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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10
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Liu Z, Wen H, Ayazi F. Multi-coefficient eigenmode operation-breaking through 10°/h open-loop bias instability in wideband aluminum nitride piezoelectric BAW gyroscopes. Microsyst Nanoeng 2023; 9:18. [PMID: 36844940 PMCID: PMC9945455 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a modification to the eigenmode operation of resonant gyroscopes is introduced. The multi-coefficient eigenmode operation can improve cross-mode isolation due to electrode misalignments and imperfections, which is one of the causes of residual quadrature errors in conventional eigenmode operations. A 1400 µm annulus aluminum nitride (AlN) on a silicon bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator with gyroscopic in-plane bending modes at 2.98 MHz achieves a nearly 60 dB cross-mode isolation when operated as a gyroscope using a multi-coefficient eigenmode architecture. The as-born frequency mismatches in multiple devices are compensated by physical laser trimming. The demonstrated AlN piezoelectric BAW gyroscope shows a large open-loop bandwidth of 150 Hz and a high scale factor of 9.5 nA/°/s on a test board with a vacuum chamber. The measured angle random walk is 0.145°/√h, and the bias instability is 8.6°/h, showing significant improvement compared to the previous eigenmode AlN BAW gyroscope. The results from this paper prove that with multi-coefficient eigenmode operations, piezoelectric AlN BAW gyroscopes can achieve a noise performance comparable to that of their capacitive counterpart while having the unique advantage of a large open-loop bandwidth and not requiring large DC polarization voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Liu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA
| | - Haoran Wen
- StethX Microsystems Inc., Atlanta, GA 30308 USA
| | - Farrokh Ayazi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA
- StethX Microsystems Inc., Atlanta, GA 30308 USA
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11
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McIntosh JR, Sajda P. Decomposing Simon task BOLD activation using a drift-diffusion model framework. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3938. [PMID: 32127617 PMCID: PMC7054266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Simon effect is observed in spatial conflict tasks where the response time of subjects is increased if stimuli are presented in a lateralized manner so that they are incongruous with the response information that they represent symbolically. Previous studies have used fMRI to investigate this phenomenon, and while some have been driven by considerations of an underlying model, none have attempted to directly tie model and BOLD response together. It is likely that this is due to Simon models having been predominantly descriptive of the phenomenon rather than capturing the full spectrum of behavior at the level of individual subjects. Sequential sampling models (SSM) which capture full response distributions for correct and incorrect responses have recently been extended to capture conflict tasks. In this study we use our freely available framework for fitting and comparing non-standard SSMs to fit the Simon effect SSM (SE-SSM) to behavioral data. This model extension includes specific estimates of automatic response bias and a conflict counteraction parameter to individual subject behavioral data. We apply this approach in order to investigate whether our task specific model parameters have a correlate in BOLD response. Under the assumption that the SE-SSM reflects aspects of neural processing in this task, we go on to examine the BOLD correlates with the within trial expected decision-variable. We find that the SE-SSM captures the behavioral data and that our two conflict specific model parameters have clear across subject BOLD correlates, while other model parameters, as well as more standard behavioral measures do not. We also find that examining BOLD in terms of the expected decision-variable leads to a specific pattern of activation that would not be otherwise possible to extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R McIntosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Paul Sajda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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12
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Jiang X, Yang L. Optothermal dynamics in whispering-gallery microresonators. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:24. [PMID: 32133127 PMCID: PMC7039911 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical whispering-gallery-mode microresonators with ultrahigh quality factors and small mode volumes have played an important role in modern physics. They have been demonstrated as a diverse platform for a wide range of applications in photonics, such as nonlinear optics, optomechanics, quantum optics, and information processing. Thermal behaviors induced by power build-up in the resonators or environmental perturbations are ubiquitous in high-quality-factor whispering-gallery-mode resonators and have played an important role in their operation for various applications. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of laser-field-induced thermal nonlinear effects, including thermal bistability and thermal oscillation. With the help of the thermal bistability effect, optothermal spectroscopy and optical nonreciprocity have been demonstrated. By tuning the temperature of the environment, the resonant mode frequency will shift, which can also be used for thermal sensing/tuning applications. The thermal locking technique and thermal imaging mechanisms are discussed briefly. Finally, we review some techniques employed to achieve thermal stability in a high-quality-factor resonator system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Jiang
- Department of Electrical and System Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical and System Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
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13
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Sinha S, Nene SS, Frank M, Liu K, Agrawal P, Mishra RS. On the evolving nature of c/a ratio in a hexagonal close-packed epsilon martensite phase in transformative high entropy alloys. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13185. [PMID: 31515510 PMCID: PMC6742669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of different slip systems in hexagonal close packed (h.c.p.) metals depends primarily on the c/a ratio, which is an intrinsic property that can be altered through alloying addition. In conventional h.c.p. alloys where there is no diffusion-less phase transformation and associated transformation volume change with deformation, the c/a ratio remains constant during deformation. In the present study, c/a ratio and transformation volume change of h.c.p. epsilon martensite phase in transformative high entropy alloys (HEAs) were quantified as functions of alloy chemistry, friction stir processing and tensile deformation. The study revealed that while intrinsic c/a is dependent on alloying elements, c/a of epsilon in transformative HEAs changes with processing and deformation. This is attributed to transformation volume change induced dependence of h.c.p. lattice parameters on microstructure and stress state. Lower than ideal c/a ratio promotes non-basal pyramidal 〈c + a〉 slip and deformation twinning in epsilon phase of transformative HEAs. Also, a unique twin-bridging mechanism was observed, which provided experimental evidence supporting existing theoretical predictions; i.e., geometrical factors combined with grain orientation, c/a ratio and plastic deformation can result in characteristic twin boundary inclination at 45-50°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Sinha
- Center for Friction Stir Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
| | - Saurabh S Nene
- Center for Friction Stir Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
| | - Michael Frank
- Center for Friction Stir Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
| | - Kaimiao Liu
- Center for Friction Stir Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
| | - Priyanka Agrawal
- Center for Friction Stir Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
| | - Rajiv S Mishra
- Center for Friction Stir Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA.
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14
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Smith AM, Pósfai M, Rohden M, González AD, Dueñas-Osorio L, D'Souza RM. Competitive percolation strategies for network recovery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11843. [PMID: 31413357 PMCID: PMC6694175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoring operation of critical infrastructure systems after catastrophic events is an important issue, inspiring work in multiple fields, including network science, civil engineering, and operations research. We consider the problem of finding the optimal order of repairing elements in power grids and similar infrastructure. Most existing methods either only consider system network structure, potentially ignoring important features, or incorporate component level details leading to complex optimization problems with limited scalability. We aim to narrow the gap between the two approaches. Analyzing realistic recovery strategies, we identify over- and undersupply penalties of commodities as primary contributions to reconstruction cost, and we demonstrate traditional network science methods, which maximize the largest connected component, are cost inefficient. We propose a novel competitive percolation recovery model accounting for node demand and supply, and network structure. Our model well approximates realistic recovery strategies, suppressing growth of the largest connected component through a process analogous to explosive percolation. Using synthetic power grids, we investigate the effect of network characteristics on recovery process efficiency. We learn that high structural redundancy enables reduced total cost and faster recovery, however, requires more information at each recovery step. We also confirm that decentralized supply in networks generally benefits recovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Smith
- Department of Computer Science and Complexity Sciences Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Márton Pósfai
- Department of Computer Science and Complexity Sciences Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Martin Rohden
- Department of Computer Science and Complexity Sciences Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Andrés D González
- School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Leonardo Dueñas-Osorio
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Raissa M D'Souza
- Department of Computer Science and Complexity Sciences Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 87501, USA
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15
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Panizzolo FA, Freisinger GM, Karavas N, Eckert-Erdheim AM, Siviy C, Long A, Zifchock RA, LaFiandra ME, Walsh CJ. Metabolic cost adaptations during training with a soft exosuit assisting the hip joint. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9779. [PMID: 31278286 PMCID: PMC6611879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Different adaptation rates have been reported in studies involving ankle exoskeletons designed to reduce the metabolic cost of their wearers. This work aimed to investigate energetic adaptations occurring over multiple training sessions, while walking with a soft exosuit assisting the hip joint. The participants attended five training sessions within 20 days. They walked carrying a load of 20.4 kg for 20 minutes with the exosuit powered and five minutes with the exosuit unpowered. Percentage change in net metabolic cost between the powered and unpowered conditions improved across sessions from -6.2 ± 3.9% (session one) to -10.3 ± 4.7% (session five), indicating a significant effect associated with training. The percentage change at session three (-10.5 ± 4.5%) was similar to the percentage change at session five, indicating that two 20-minute sessions may be sufficient for users to fully adapt and maximize the metabolic benefit provided by the exoskeleton. Retention was also tested measuring the metabolic reduction five months after the last training session. The percent change in metabolic cost during this session (-10.1 ± 3.2%) was similar to the last training session, indicating that the adaptations resulting in reduced metabolic cost are preserved. These outcomes are relevant when evaluating exoskeletons' performance on naïve users, with a specific focus on hip extension assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto A Panizzolo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gregory M Freisinger
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, United States Military Academy, 752 Thayer Road, West Point, NY, 10996, USA.
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, 4727 Deer Creek Loop, MD, 21005, Maryland, USA.
- 75th Innovation Command, United States Army, 10949 Aerospace Ave, Houston, TX, 77034, USA.
| | - Nikos Karavas
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Asa M Eckert-Erdheim
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christopher Siviy
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Long
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca A Zifchock
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, United States Military Academy, 752 Thayer Road, West Point, NY, 10996, USA
| | - Michael E LaFiandra
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, 4727 Deer Creek Loop, MD, 21005, Maryland, USA
| | - Conor J Walsh
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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16
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Sinha S, Mirshams RA, Wang T, Nene SS, Frank M, Liu K, Mishra RS. Nanoindentation behavior of high entropy alloys with transformation-induced plasticity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6639. [PMID: 31036887 PMCID: PMC6488616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoindentation of three metastable dual-phase high entropy alloys (HEAs) was performed to obtain their inherent elastoplastic deformation responses. Excellent combination of hardness and elastic modulus in as-cast condition confirmed that, their inherently higher strength compared to other HEAs reported in literature, can be attributed to alloy chemistry induced phase stability. Further, hardness of 8.28 GPa combined with modulus of 221.8 GPa was obtained in Fe-Mn-Co-Cr-Si-Cu HEA by annealing the as-cast material, which is the best hardness-modulus combination obtained to date in HEAs from nanoindentation. On the other hand, although Fe-Mn-Co-Cr-Si HEA showed lower hardness and modulus than Fe-Mn-Co-Cr-Si-Al and Fe-Mn-Co-Cr-Si-Cu HEAs, the former alloy exhibited the highest strain rate sensitivity, as determined from tests performed at five different strain rates. The three alloys also had subtle differences in incipient plasticity and elastoplastic behavior, while retaining similar levels of hardness; and nanoindentation response showed microstructural dependence in friction stir processed, annealed and tensile-deformed specimens. Thus, the study highlighted that while higher strength was achieved by designing a class of HEAs with similar composition, any of the individual alloys can be tuned to obtain enhanced properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sinha
- Center for Friction Stir Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
| | - R A Mirshams
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
| | - T Wang
- Center for Friction Stir Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
| | - S S Nene
- Center for Friction Stir Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
| | - M Frank
- Center for Friction Stir Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
| | - K Liu
- Center for Friction Stir Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
| | - R S Mishra
- Center for Friction Stir Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA.
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17
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Abstract
We describe driver behaviour and brain dynamics acquired from a 90-minute sustained-attention task in an immersive driving simulator. The data included 62 sessions of 32-channel electroencephalography (EEG) data for 27 subjects driving on a four-lane highway who were instructed to keep the car cruising in the centre of the lane. Lane-departure events were randomly induced to cause the car to drift from the original cruising lane towards the left or right lane. A complete trial included events with deviation onset, response onset, and response offset. The next trial, in which the subject was instructed to drive back to the original cruising lane, began 5-10 seconds after finishing the previous trial. We believe that this dataset will lead to the development of novel neural processing methodology that can be used to index brain cortical dynamics and detect driving fatigue and drowsiness. This publicly available dataset will be beneficial to the neuroscience and brain-computer interface communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Cao
- Discipline of ICT, School of Technology, Environments and Design, College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chuang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Kai King
- Brain Research Center, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Teng Lin
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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