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Sharma R, Gupta S, Rathore AS. Novel purification platform based on multimodal preparative scale separation of mAb fragments and aggregates. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1721:464806. [PMID: 38518514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) continue to dominate the biopharmaceutical industry. Certain mAbs are prone to fragmentation and clipping and in these cases, adequate removal of these species is critical during manufacturing. Fragments can be generated during fermentation, purification, storage, formulation, and administration. Their addition to the acidic charge-variant of the purified mAb has been reported to decrease stability and potency of the final product. However, contrary to mAb aggregation, manufacturers have not given much attention to removal of fragments and clipped species and as a result most conventional mAb platforms offer at best limited capabilities for their removal. In this study, we propose a novel purification platform that uses multimodal chromatography and achieves complete removal of a range of mAb fragments and clipped products (25-120 kDa). The utility of the platform has been successfully demonstrated for 2 IgG1s and 2 IgG4s. Further, adequate removal of the various host cell impurities such as host cell proteins (<10 ppm) and host cell DNA (<5 ppb) has been achieved. Finally, the platform was able to deliver adequate removal of high molecular weight impurities (<1 %) and a 30 % clearance of the acidic charge variant. The proposed single step has been shown to deliver what the polishing chromatography and intermediate purification chromatography steps deliver in a traditional mAb platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sharma
- School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
| | - Surbhi Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India.
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Radović Jakovljević M, Grujičić D, Stanković M, Milošević-Djordjević O. Artemisia vulgaris L., Artemisia alba Turra and their constituents reduce mitomycin C-induced genomic instability in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:156-165. [PMID: 36476306 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2154358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous and acetone extracts from Artemisia vulgaris L. (AV) and Artemisia alba Turra (AA), and two major polyphenols compounds (3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside) presented in both extracts of the plants against mitomycin C (MMC)-induced genomic instability. Genomic instability was measured using cytokinesis block micronucleus (MN) assay in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in vitro by analyzing two biomarkers - MN and nuclear division index (NDI). Extracts were tested in a concentration-dependent manner (10-250 µg/mL), while 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside were tested in three different concentrations, in combination with 0.5 µg/mL of MMC. Aqueous and acetone extracts obtained from both plants significantly reduced MMC-induced MN frequency in PBLs, compared to positive control cells (p < 0.05). Extracts from AV did not affect NDI, whereas the concentrations of 10-100 μg/mL of aqueous and acetone AA extracts significantly elevated MMC-decreased NDI values in comparison to positive control cells (p < 0.05). Combined treatment of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and MMC showed a significant reduction of MMC-induced MN frequency, while quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside increased MN frequency compared to positive control cells (p < 0.05). Both compounds decreased NDI values but only at the highest tested concentration of quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside it was of greater significance. In conclusion, all extracts from AV and AA and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid showed protective effect, whereby aqueous AA demonstrated the highest protective effect on MMC- induced genomic instability, while quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside showed co-mutagen effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darko Grujičić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan Stanković
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Olivera Milošević-Djordjević
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Palmer EL, Forsythe S. A document analysis of the South African national guidelines for medical male circumcision and the implications for infant and child male circumcision decision-making. Afr J AIDS Res 2023; 22:327-333. [PMID: 38117746 DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2023.2277889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
South Africa's 2016 medical male circumcision (MMC) guidelines ("the guidelines") provide direction for the MMC programme's implementation in South Africa. The aim of our document analysis was to assess the guidelines, particularly in lieu of changing guidance from WHO and PEPFAR. We then assessed how the guidelines might be applied to infant and child male circumcision (ICMC). The analysis was performed by reviewing South Africa's guidelines, along with international documents used in developing those guidelines, to identify the historical development of the guidelines, as well as the implications for MMC and ICMC decision-making within the South African context. The following principles were analysed within the context of South Africa's guidelines: (1) quality and safety; (2) informed consent; (3) confidentiality; (4) human rights; and (5) accessibility of services. Tthe document analysis also identified ambiguities that exist in the guidelines, particularly regarding consent, recognising religious or cultural exemptions, and guaranteeing the best interests of the child. South Africa's MMC guidelines could benefit from incorporating common definitions to assist with interpretation and understanding, thus preventing confusion and controversy among programme planners, parents and boys. The guidelines were made available in 2016 and recommendations for circumcision have evolved as new research and information has become available. South Africa's National Department of Health should review and update these guidelines, with a focus on both MMC and ICMC issues, so that they reflect the most up-to-date, accurate information available, to avoid inconsistent practices, risks, and litigation in the management of the programme. This study was situated within a qualitative paradigm and applied a social choice theory perspective to make sense of the MMC guidelines. The study concludes that future policy revisions should develop a broader understanding of the complex medical male circumcision decision-making process, particularly faced by parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eurica L Palmer
- Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Steven Forsythe
- Economics & Costing, Avenir Health, Glastonbury, Connecticut, USA
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Arish M, Sargazi M, Dehghani S, Sahami M, Dashipour A, Sarhadi S, Rouientan H. Long-term effects of intraoperative topical bevacizumab in sutureless scleral tunnel trabeculectomy: a prospective clinical trial. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:4225-4233. [PMID: 37561247 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of the novel method sutureless trabeculectomy with topical administration of bevacizumab. MATERIALS/METHODS Primary open-angle glaucoma patients with intraocular pressure (IOP) > 21 mmHg despite maximum tolerated medication were included in a single-blind prospective interventional clinical trial. Group 1 underwent sutureless scleral tunnel trabeculectomy with intraoperative topical administration of bevacizumab (1.25 mg) applied on the scleral incision for 1 min. Group 2 underwent sutureless trabeculectomy alone and group 3 (control group) underwent conventional trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC). Outcome measures were surgical success, IOP, number of needed anti-glaucoma medications, and complications. Patients were followed for two years. RESULTS Finally, 50 eyes from group 1, 46 from group 2, and 47 from group 3 were analyzed. At the end of 24 months, 52% (n = 26) of group 1, 34.8% (n = 16) of group 2, and 57.4% (n = 27) of group 3 had complete success (IOP < 18 mmHg without medication). The difference was only significant between groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.003). 94% (n = 47) of group 1, 89.1% (n = 41) of group 2, and 91.5% (n = 43) of group 3 had qualified success (IOP < 18 mmHg with ≤ 2 anti-glaucoma medications) (p = 0.69). There was a significant difference in the overall IOP mean between the three groups (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the three groups in complication rates and the number of needed anti-glaucoma medications for IOP control. CONCLUSION Sutureless trabeculectomy with topical application of bevacizumab showed comparable surgical success rates with conventional trabeculectomy and MMC in long-term follow-up. Additionally, adjuvant use of topical bevacizumab had a significant positive impact on long-term IOP control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arish
- Alzahra Eye Hospital Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Meisam Sargazi
- Alzahra Eye Hospital Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Shima Dehghani
- Alzahra Eye Hospital Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahya Sahami
- Alzahra Eye Hospital Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Dashipour
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Sarhadi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Rouientan
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gopal PM, Kavimani V, Gupta K, Marinkovic D. Laser-Based Manufacturing of Ceramics: A Review. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1564. [PMID: 37630099 PMCID: PMC10456894 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Ceramics are widely used in microelectronics, semiconductor manufacturing, medical devices, aerospace, and aviation, cutting tools, precision optics, MEMS and NEMS devices, insulating components, and ceramic molds. But the fabrication and machining of the ceramic-based materials by conventional processes are always difficult due to their higher hardness and mechanical properties. Therefore, advanced manufacturing techniques are being preferred for these advanced materials, and out of that, laser-based processes are widely used. The benefits of laser fabrication and machining of ceramics include high precision, reduced thermal damage, non-contact processing, and the ability to work with complex geometries. Laser technology continues to advance, enabling even more intricate and diverse applications for ceramics in a wide range of industries. This paper explains various laser based ceramic processing techniques, such as selective laser sintering and melting, and laser machining techniques, such as laser drilling, etc. Identifying and optimizing the process parameters that influence the output quality of laser processed parts is the key technique to improving the quality, which is also focused on in this paper. It aims to facilitate the researchers by providing knowledge on laser-based manufacturing of ceramics and their composites to establish the field further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijayananth Kavimani
- Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India; (P.M.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Kapil Gupta
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Dragan Marinkovic
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
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Alexander-Savino CV, Morrell DS, Mervak JE, Bowers EV. Characteristics of Dermatology Residency Program Morbidity and Mortality Conferences: A Survey of Program Directors. JMIR Dermatol 2023; 6:e45194. [PMID: 37632923 PMCID: PMC10425815 DOI: 10.2196/45194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina V Alexander-Savino
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Dean S Morrell
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Julie E Mervak
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Edith V Bowers
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Bartonek Å, Eriksson M. Physical function and activity, pain, and health status in adults with myelomeningocele after orthotic management from childhood: a descriptive study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:545. [PMID: 37400860 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with myelomeningocele (MMC) exhibit neurological deficits below the lesion level involving both motor and sensory functions. Ambulation and functional outcomes in patients offered orthotic management since childhood were investigated. METHODS Physical function, physical activity, pain, and health status were assessed in a descriptive study. RESULTS Of 59 adults with MMC, aged 18-33 years, 12 were in the community ambulation (Ca), 19 in the household ambulation (Ha), six in the non-functional (N-f), and 22 in the non-ambulation (N-a) groups. Orthoses were used by 78% (n = 46), i.e., by 10/12 in the Ca, 17/19 in the Ha, 6/6 in the N-f, and 13/22 in the N-a groups. In the ten-metre walking test, the non-orthosis group (NO) walked faster than those wearing ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) or free-articulated knee-ankle-foot orthoses (KAFO-Fs), the Ca group faster than the Ha and N-f groups, and the Ha group faster than the N-f group. In the six-minute walking test, the Ca group walked farther than the Ha group. In the five times sit-to-stand test, the AFO and KAFO-F groups required longer than the NO group, and the KAFO-F group longer than the foot orthosis (FO) group. Lower extremity function with orthoses was higher in the FO than the AFO and KAFO-F groups, higher in the KAFO-F than the AFO group, and higher in the AFO group than in those using trunk-hip-knee-ankle-foot orthoses. Functional independence increased with ambulatory function. Time spent in physical recreation was higher in the Ha than the Ca and N-a groups. There were no differences between the ambulation groups in rated pain or reported health status. CONCLUSION The physical function results in persons with MMC improve our understanding of this population's heterogeneity and shed light on the importance of individualized orthotic management. The similarities between the various ambulatory levels in physical activity, pain, and health status may mirror opportunities to achieve equal results regardless of disability level. A clinical implication of the study is that orthotic management is likely to be beneficial for the patient with MMC of which the majority used their orthoses for most time of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Bartonek
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Motoriklab QA: 27, Karolinska vägen 37 A, S-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marie Eriksson
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Motoriklab QA: 27, Karolinska vägen 37 A, S-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
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Riquelme-Neira R, Walker-Vergara R, Fernández-Blanco JA, Vergara P. IL-10 Modulates the Expression and Activation of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Mast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9875. [PMID: 37373041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are involved in several immune-related responses, including those in bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and cancer, among others. MCs identify microorganisms by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), activating a secretory response. Interleukin (IL)-10 has been described as an important modulator of MC responses; however, its role in PRR-mediated activation of MC is not fully understood. We analyzed the activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 and Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) in mucosal-like MCs (MLMCs) and peritoneum-derived cultured MCs (PCMCs) from IL-10-/- and wild-type (WT) mice. IL-10-/- mice showed a reduced expression of TLR4 and NOD2 at week 6 and TLR7 at week 20 in MLMC. In MLMC and PCMC, TLR2 activation induced a reduced secretion of IL-6 and TNFα in IL-10-/- MCs. TLR4- and TLR7-mediated secretion of IL-6 and TNFα was not detected in PCMCs. Finally, no cytokine release was induced by NOD2 ligand, and responses to TLR2 and TLR4 were lower in MCs at 20 weeks. These findings indicate that PRR activation in MCs depends on the phenotype, ligand, age, and IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Riquelme-Neira
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Concepción, Chacabuco 539, Concepción 4070254, Chile
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Walker-Vergara
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Concepción, Chacabuco 539, Concepción 4070254, Chile
| | - Joan Antoni Fernández-Blanco
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrocinio Vergara
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Ali K, Wendt K, Sorkhabi MM, Benjaber M, Denison T, Rogers DJ. xTMS: A Pulse Generator for Exploring Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapies. Conf Proc (IEEE Appl Power Electron Conf Expo) 2023; 2023:1875-1880. [PMID: 37342241 PMCID: PMC7614672 DOI: 10.1109/apec43580.2023.10131554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
A cascaded H-bridge based pulse generator for transcranial magnetic stimulation is introduced. The system demonstrates complete flexibility for producing different shape, duration, direction, and rate of repetition of stimulus pulses within its electrical limits, and can emulate all commercial and research systems available to-date in this application space. An offline model predictive control algorithm, used to generate pulses and sequences, shows superior performance compared to conventional carrier-based pulse width modulation. A fully functioning laboratory prototype delivers up to 1.5 kV, 6 kA pulses, and is ready to be used as a research tool for the exploration of transcranial magnetic stimulation therapies by leveraging the many degrees-of-freedom offered by the design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawsar Ali
- Department o fEngineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Karen Wendt
- Department o fEngineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Moaad Benjaber
- Department o fEngineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy Denison
- Department o fEngineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
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Wu P, Wang Z, Liang L, Chen B, Xu N. Characteristics of Mitomycin C-Loaded Peptide Hydrogel In Vitro and Antiscarring Effects in Rat Ocular Injury Model. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2023; 39:139-147. [PMID: 36724493 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of sustained drug release systems established by an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide hydrogel and mitomycin C (MMC) in vitro, and verify their antiscar effects in rat ocular injury model. Methods: Low, medium, and high loading doses of MMC were added to 5 mL 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% wt RGD peptide hydrogel, respectively, to prepare 9 ratios of MMC-RGD systems. Drug release characteristics of the systems in phosphate-buffered saline solution were investigated by plotting the drug release curves and fitting them with mathematical models in OriginPro8.0 software. Appropriate ratios of MMC-RGD systems were selected as treatment in rat ocular injury model. Scar formation was observed by Masson staining and immunohistochemical staining with alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (FN). Results: Nine ratios of MMC-RGD systems could release drug slowly. The maximum drug release proportions of all systems were >80%, and the time to maximum release proportions statistically prolonged with the increase of drug loading. Fitting with mathematical models indicated that the mechanisms of drug release were mainly Fick diffusion at early stage and Anomalous Transport at later stage. Systems of 1% wt RGD hydrogel were evaluated in animal experiments, which could inhibit hyperplasia of collagen and expression of α-SMA and FN. Conclusions: The RGD peptide hydrogel could be used as the carrier of MMC to establish sustained drug release system, which could inhibit scar formation after rat's ocular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, Yichang Central People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, Yichang Central People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, Yichang Central People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - BaoJi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, Yichang Central People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Na Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Upaphong P, Pathanapitoon K, Chaidaroon W. Inadvertent filtering bleb due to extracapsular cataract extraction wound reopening after mitomycin C use: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:57. [PMID: 36800977 PMCID: PMC9938554 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitomycin C has been used adjunctively in various procedures, including pterygium excision. Delayed wound healing, the long-term complication of mitomycin C, can occur several years later and may rarely cause a subsequent inadvertent filtering bleb. However, conjunctival bleb formation from the reopening of an adjacent surgical wound after mitomycin C use has not been reported. CASE PRESENTATION A 91-year-old Thai woman had undergone pterygium excision 26 years ago, with adjunctive mitomycin C, as well as an uneventful extracapsular cataract extraction in the same year. The patient developed a filtering bleb without glaucoma surgery or trauma approximately 25 years later. Anterior segment ocular coherence tomography illustrated a fistula connected between the bleb and anterior chamber at the scleral spur. The bleb was observed without further management, as no hypotony or bleb-related complications occurred. The symptoms/signs of bleb-related infection were advised. CONCLUSIONS This is a case report of a rare novel complication of mitomycin C application. Conjunctival bleb formation from the reopening of surgical wound, which was related to the previous mitomycin C use, could occur after a few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phit Upaphong
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Kessara Pathanapitoon
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Winai Chaidaroon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Wylegala A, Sripawadkul W, Zein M, Alvarez OP, Al Bayyat G, Galor A, Karp CL. Topical 1% 5-fluorouracil eye drops as primary treatment for ocular surface squamous neoplasia: Long-term follow-up study. Ocul Surf 2023; 27:67-74. [PMID: 36476665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the efficacy and safety of topical 1% 5-fluorouracil (5FU) eye drops as primary treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). METHODS Patients were diagnosed with OSSN based on slit-lamp examination and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). In ambiguous cases an incisional biopsy was performed. All were treated with 5FU eye drops as primary therapy and retrospectively reviewed. Data on demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment outcome, and side effects were collected. The primary outcome measures were resolution frequency and recurrence rate of OSSN. Secondary outcomes were risk factors for resolution and recurrence, and side effects of treatment. RESULTS The mean age of 251 subjects (258 eyes) was 67.5 ± 11.7 years, 182 were male. Patients were followed up on average for 752 ± 580 days. Overall, 87% of patients experienced complete tumor resolution. Multivariable analysis revealed that superior tumor location (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41-0.93, p = 0.02) and leukoplakia (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.41-0.93, p = 0.02), decreased the likelihood of tumor resolution. The recurrence rate was 4% at six months, 8% at one year, and 19% at two years. Larger tumor area increased chances of tumor recurrence (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02 p = 0.03). The most common side effects of 5-FU were mild hyperemia and pain, which occurred in 26% and 23% of patients, respectively. Among the sight-threatening side effects, limbal stem cell deficiency occurred in only 3% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Topical 1% 5FU eye drops are a safe and effective medication for OSSN. Superior tumor location and leukoplakia decreased the chance of tumor resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wylegala
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Poland
| | - Wathanee Sripawadkul
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mike Zein
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Osmel P Alvarez
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ghada Al Bayyat
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carol L Karp
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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13
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Tavakoli SD, Prieto-Araujo E, Sánchez-Sánchez E, Gomis-Bellmunt O. Methodology for interaction identification in modular multi-level converter-based HVDC systems. ISA Trans 2022; 126:300-315. [PMID: 34334180 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2021.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper suggests a methodology for the identification, classification, and evaluation of various types of interactions that may occur in an HVDC link based on modular multi-level converters (MMC). The methodology incorporates the most suitable analytic tools for the frequency-domain study of each interaction category. To do so, a detailed nonlinear model of an MMC-based HVDC link that consists of master and slave MMCs, AC grids, and the DC transmission system is derived. Then, it is linearized to obtain a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) linear model that represents the dynamics of the complete MMC-based HVDC link. Based on the control loops of interest, interactions are classified as (1) state variable interactions, (2) disturbance interactions, (3) control loop interactions, and (4) overall system interactions. Then, through the application examples, the mentioned four categories of interactions are studied in frequency domain via the relevant analytic tools. The results obtained from the frequency-domain analysis are validated by time-domain simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Dadjo Tavakoli
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain.
| | | | | | - Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain.
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14
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Rahaman M, Zahn DRT. Plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of two-dimensional semiconductors. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:333001. [PMID: 35671747 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac7689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have grown fast into an extraordinary research field due to their unique physical properties compared to other semiconducting materials. The class of materials proved extremely fertile for both fundamental studies and a wide range of applications from electronics/spintronics/optoelectronics to photocatalysis and CO2reduction. 2D materials are highly confined in the out-of-plane direction and often possess very good environmental stability. Therefore, they have also become a popular material system for the manipulation of optoelectronic properties via numerous external parameters. Being a versatile characterization technique, Raman spectroscopy is used extensively to study and characterize various physical properties of 2D materials. However, weak signals and low spatial resolution hinder its application in more advanced systems where decoding local information plays an important role in advancing our understanding of these materials for nanotechnology applications. In this regard, plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has been introduced in recent time to investigate local heterogeneous information of 2D semiconductors. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of 2D semiconductors. We discuss the current state-of-art and provide future perspectives on this specific branch of Raman spectroscopy applied to 2D semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfujur Rahaman
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104 Pennsilvania, United States of America
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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15
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Abstract
In flowering plants, the female gametophyte (FG) initiates from the formation of the megaspore mother cell (MMC). Among a pool of the somatic cells in the ovule primordium, only one hypodermal cell undergoes a transition of cell fate to become the MMC. Subsequently, the MMC undergoes a series of meiosis and mitosis to form the mature FG harboring seven cells with eight nuclei. Although SPL/NZZ, the core transcription factor for MMC formation, was identified several decades ago, which and why only one somatic cell is chosen as the MMC have long remained mysterious. A growing body of evidence reveal that MMC formation is associated with epigenetic regulation at multiple layers, including dynamic distribution of histone variants and histone modifications, small RNAs, and DNA methylation. In this review, we summarize the progress of epigenetic regulation in the MMC formation, emphasizing the roles of chromosome condensation, histone variants, histone methylation, small RNAs, and DNA methylation.
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16
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Palumbo F, Draga S, Vannozzi A, Lucchin M, Barcaccia G. Trends in Apomixis Research: The 10 Most Cited Research Articles Published in the Pregenomic and Genomic Eras. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:878074. [PMID: 35599856 PMCID: PMC9115752 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis, or asexual reproduction by seed, represents an easy shortcut for life cycle renewal based on maternal embryo production without ploidy reduction (meiosis) and ploidy restitution (syngamy). Although the first studies officially published on this topic in scientific journals date back to the early 1930s, the identification and introduction of genes involved in asexual reproduction in species of agronomic interest still represent a major challenge. Through a bibliometric analysis of the research programs implemented in apomixis over the last 40 years, the present study was aimed to discuss not only the main findings achieved but also the investigational methods and model species used. We split the critical survey of the most cited original articles into pregenomic and genomic eras to identify potential trends and depict scenarios that have emerged in the scientific community working on apomixis, as well as to determine any correlation between the exponential increase in acquired basic knowledge and the development of advanced analytical technologies. This review found a substantial stagnation in the use of the same model species, with few exceptions, for at least 40 years. In contrast, the development of new molecular techniques, genomic platforms, and repositories has directly affected the approaches used in research, which has been directed toward an increasingly focused study of the genetic and epigenetic determinants of apomixis.
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17
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Karakas C, Fidan E, Arya K, Webber T, Cracco JB. Frequency, Predictors, and Outcome of Seizures in Patients With Myelomeningocele: Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study. J Child Neurol 2022; 37:80-88. [PMID: 34817276 DOI: 10.1177/08830738211053132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To determine the frequency, predictors, and outcomes of seizures in patients with myelomeningocele, we retrospectively analyzed the data from patients with myelomeningocele followed longitudinally at a single center from 1975 to 2013. We identified a total of 122 patients (61% female). The mean follow-up duration was 11.1 years (minimum-maximum = 0-34.5 years, SD = 8.8, median = 9.1 years). A total of 108 (88.5%) patients had hydrocephalus, and 98 (90.7%) of those patients required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure. Twenty-four (19.7%) patients manifested with seizures, 23 of whom had hydrocephalus. The average age of seizure onset was 4.8 years (median 2 years of age). Falx dysgenesis (P = .004), lumbar myelomeningocele (P = .007), and cortical atrophy (P = .028) were significantly associated with epileptic seizure development. The average seizure-free period at the last follow-up in patients with a history of myelomeningocele and seizures was 8.1 years. We conclude that myelomeningocele patients with seizures have an overall good prognosis with considerable long-term seizure freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emin Fidan
- 12298State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Kapil Arya
- 12215The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Troy Webber
- 20116Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joan B Cracco
- 12298State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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18
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Mattout HK, Fouda SM, Al-Nashar HY. Evaluation of Topical Mitomycin-C Eye Drops After Reconstructive Surgery for Anophthalmic Contracted Socket. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:4621-4627. [PMID: 34916774 PMCID: PMC8667192 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s343550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report the outcomes of using topical mitomycin-C (MMC) after reconstructive surgery for contracted socket and to compare the results with those of the conventional postoperative treatment. Patients and Methods The medical records of patients who underwent reconstructive surgery for contracted anophthalmic socket were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the postoperative treatment protocol, two groups of patients were identified; group I (15 patients) who received topical MMC drops (0.02%) 4 times daily for 6 weeks and group II (15 patients) who received the conventional treatment (topical antibiotic-steroid combination). Preoperative data were extracted for age, gender, cause and timing of anophthalmia, history of previous surgeries, preoperative forniceal depth and socket volume (SV). The main postoperative outcome measures were superior fornix depth (SFD), inferior fornix depth (IFD) and SV at the end of 6th postoperative month. Prosthesis fitting and complications were also considered for analysis. Results The mean preoperative IFD was 1.67±0.04 mm in group I and 1.58±0.37 mm in group II, by the end of the 6th postoperative month it increased to 6.1 ±0.27 mm and 5.12 ±0.25mm, respectively. The mean preoperative SFD in group I was 8.3±0.9 mm and 8.9±1.1 mm in group II, by the end of the 6th postoperative month SFD became 13.4±1.2 mm and 10.2±1.4 mm in groups I and II, respectively. The mean SV measured six months postoperatively was 1.9±0.2 mL and 1.3±0.09 mL in groups I and II, respectively. These differences in the postoperative SFD, IFD and SV between both groups were statistically significant. More cases reported successful fitting in group I than in group II but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion Postoperative use of topical MMC is associated with higher forniceal depth and greater SV when compared to the conventional treatment in socket reconstructive surgeries with amniotic membrane graft (AMG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala K Mattout
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sameh M Fouda
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Haitham Y Al-Nashar
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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19
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Hamouda RA, Salman AS, Alharbi AA, Alhasani RH, Elshamy MM. Assessment of the Antigenotoxic Effects of Alginate and ZnO/Alginate-Nanocomposites Extracted from Brown Alga Fucus vesiculosus in Mice. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213839. [PMID: 34771394 PMCID: PMC8587912 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitomycin C (MMC) is an alkylating chemotherapy drug that could induce DNA damage and genetic alteration. It has been used as a model mutagen for in vivo and in vitro studies. The current study aimed to evaluate the protective role of Zinc oxide alginate–nanocomposites (ZnO-Alg/NCMs) against MMC–induced genotoxicity in mice. Animals were treated as follows: the control group, the groups treated with Algin (400 mg/kg b.w), the groups treated with ZnO-Alg/NCMs (400 mg/kg b.w), the group treated with MMC, and the groups treated with MMC plus Algin or ZnO-Alg/NCMs. Pre-treatment with Algin and ZnO-Alg/NCMs was repeated for one or seven days. Zinc oxide alginate-nanocomposites (ZnO-Alg/NCMs) were synthesized with the aim of incorporating the intrinsic properties of their constituents as an antigenotoxic substance. In this study, alginate was extracted from the brown marine alga Fucus vesiculosus, Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using water extract of the same alga, and loaded in alginate to synthesize ZnO-Alg/NCMs. ZnO-NPs and ZnO-Alg/NCMs were characterized by TEM, SEM, EDX, and Zeta potential. The obtained results confirmed that by TEM and SEM, ZnO-NPs are rod shaped which modified, when loaded in alginate matrix, into spherical shape. The physical stability of ZnO-Alg/NCMs was reported to be higher than ZnO-NPs due to the presence of more negative charges on ZnO-Alg/NCMs. The EDX analysis indicated that the amount of zinc was higher in ZnO-NPs than ZnO-Alg/NCMs. The in vivo results showed that treatment with MMC induced genotoxic disturbances. The combined treatment with Algin and ZnO-Alg/NCMs succeeded in inducing significant protection against MMC. It could be concluded that ZnO-Algin/NCMs is a promising candidate to protect against MMC–induced genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa A. Hamouda
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.S.); (A.A.A.)
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Asmaa S. Salman
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.S.); (A.A.A.)
- Genetic and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Asrar A. Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Reem Hasaballah Alhasani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maha M. Elshamy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
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20
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Reimann H, Bankoglu EE, Stopper H, Hintzsche H. In vitro evaluation of chromosomal damage and DNA strand breaks after treatment with the poppy seed alkaloid thebaine. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2021; 870-871:503393. [PMID: 34583825 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thebaine is an alkaloid and can be found in poppy seeds in relatively high concentrations. Acute toxicity of thebaine is fairly high, but not much is known about chronic toxicity. To investigate the genotoxicity of thebaine, cytokinesis-block micronucleus test and comet assay were conducted in TK6 cells. In addition, effects of putative thebaine metabolites were analysed using metabolically active HepG2 cells and TK6 cells with S9 mix. FDA test and trypan blue test were used together with the frequency of mitotic and apoptotic cells to assess potential cytotoxicity of thebaine treatment. Micronucleus induction was observed after high doses (150 and 500 μM) of thebaine without metabolic activation in the presence of slight to moderate cytotoxicity. No effects were observed in the comet assay or after metabolic activation up to the highest dose of 500 μM. A potential protective effect on micronucleus induction after thebaine treatment was investigated via co-treatment with MMC and BaP in TK6 cells. Only after co-treatment with MMC, a reduction of micronucleus frequency was found. Overall, this study shows a potential of thebaine to induce genotoxic effects at high concentrations. The observation of cytotoxicity at these concentrations supports the hypothesis that genotoxicity may be caused by cytotoxic effects. Further studies will need to elucidate whether these effects are directly genotoxic or indeed result from cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Reimann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ezgi Eylül Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Henning Hintzsche
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany; Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Eggenreuther Weg 43, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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21
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Liu L, Zeng W, Yu S, Li J, Zhou J. Rapid Enabling of Gluconobacter oxydans Resistance to High D-Sorbitol Concentration and High Temperature by Microdroplet-Aided Adaptive Evolution. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:731247. [PMID: 34540816 PMCID: PMC8446438 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.731247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluconobacter oxydans is important in the conversion of D-sorbitol into l-sorbose, which is an essential intermediate for industrial-scale production of vitamin C. In a previous study, the strain G. oxydans WSH-004 could directly produce 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-KLG). However, its D-sorbitol tolerance was poor compared with that of other common industrial G. oxydans strains, which grew well in the presence of more than 200 g/L of D-sorbitol. This study aimed to use the microbial microdroplet culture (MMC) system for the adaptive evolution of G. oxydans WSH-004 so as to improve its tolerance to high substrate concentration and high temperature. A series of adaptively evolved strains, G. oxydans MMC1-MMC10, were obtained within 90 days. The results showed that the best strain MMC10 grew in a 300 g/L of D-sorbitol medium at 40°C. The comparative genomic analysis revealed that genetic changes related to increased tolerance were mainly in protein translation genes. Compared with the traditional adaptive evolution method, the application of microdroplet-aided adaptive evolution could improve the efficiency in terms of reducing time and simplifying the procedure for strain evolution. This research indicated that the microdroplet-aided adaptive evolution was an effective tool for improving the phenotypes with undemonstrated genotypes in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shiqin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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22
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Abstract
Arnold-Chiari malformation (ACM), a defect that involves downward displacement of the hindbrain and herniation of the cerebellar vermis, tonsils, pons, medulla, and fourth ventricle through the foramen magnum, is the most complex of the 4 types of Chiari malformations. Unique to the other types of Chiari malformations, approximately 95 percent of infants with ACM also present with an associated myelomeningocele (MMC), the most severe form of spina bifida. Among affected infants, those with symptomatic comorbidities incur a significantly higher morbidity and mortality risk. Prompt identification and diagnosis of ACM, as well as evidence-based postnatal and postsurgical nursing and medical care, is critical. Early surgical intervention can repair an existing MMC and restore proper cerebrospinal fluid circulation, which can dramatically improve patient outcomes and quality of life, and reduce disease and health care burden.
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23
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de Benito-Llopis L, Teus MA. Letter to the Editor: Laser Enhancements After Surface Ablation. Ophthalmol Ther 2021; 10:699-700. [PMID: 34244977 PMCID: PMC8319272 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-021-00369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A Teus
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Dragan AM, Truta FM, Tertis M, Florea A, Schram J, Cernat A, Feier B, De Wael K, Cristea C, Oprean R. Electrochemical Fingerprints of Illicit Drugs on Graphene and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Front Chem 2021; 9:641147. [PMID: 33796506 PMCID: PMC8007852 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.641147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Illicit drugs use and abuse remains an increasing challenge for worldwide authorities and, therefore, it is important to have accurate methods to detect them in seized samples, biological fluids and wastewaters. They are recently classified as the latest group of emerging pollutants as their consumption increased tremendously in recent years. Nanomaterials have gained much attention over the last decade in the development of sensors for a myriad of applications. The applicability of these nanomaterials, functionalized or not, significantly increases and it is therefore highly suitable for use in the detection of illicit drugs. We have assessed the suitability of various nanoplatforms, such as graphene (GPH), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) for the electrochemical detection of illicit drugs. GPH and MWCNTs were chosen as the most suitable platforms and cocaine, 3,4-methylendioxymethamfetamine (MDMA), 3-methylmethcathinone (MMC) and α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (PVP) were tested. Due to the hydrophobicity of the nanomaterials-based platforms which led to low signals, two strategies were followed namely, pretreatment of the electrodes in sulfuric acid by cyclic voltammetry and addition of Tween 20 to the detection buffer. Both strategies led to an increase in the oxidation signal of illicit drugs. Binary mixtures of illicit drugs with common adulterants found in street samples were also investigated. The proposed strategies allowed the sensitive detection of illicit drugs in the presence of most adulterants. The suitability of the proposed sensors for the detection of illicit drugs in spiked wastewaters was finally assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Dragan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florina Maria Truta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tertis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Florea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jonas Schram
- Axes Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andreea Cernat
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Feier
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Karolien De Wael
- Axes Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Oprean
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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25
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Sasaki H, Imanishi M, Fujikura D, Sugiyama M, Tanimoto K, Mochiji Y, Takahashi Y, Hiura K, Watanabe M, Kashimoto T, Nakano K, Okamura T, Sasaki N. New inducible mast cell-deficient mouse model (Mcpt5/Cma1 DTR). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 551:127-132. [PMID: 33725574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mast cell-deficient mice are helpful for understanding the roles of mast cells in vivo. To date, a dozen mouse models for mast cell deficiency have been reported. However, mice with a specific depletion of all populations of mast cells have not been reported. We generated knock-in mice, termed Mcpt5/Cma1DTR mice, expressing human diphtheria toxin A (DT) receptor under the endogenous promoter of Mcpt5 (also known as Cma1), which encodes mouse mast cell protease-5. Flow cytometry and histological analysis showed that intraperitoneal injection of DT induced almost complete depletion of mast cells in heterozygote Mcpt5/Cma1DTR/+ mice. The deletion rates of mast cells in peritoneal cavity, mesentery, abdominal skin, ear skin, and glandular stomach were 99.9%, 100%, 98.7%, 97.7%, and 100%, respectively. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction also revealed mast cell deficiency in ear skin after DT treatment. Other than mast cells, a small percentage of marginal zone B cells in Mcpt5/Cma1DTR/+ mice were killed by DT treatment. In conclusion, the Mcpt5/Cma1DTR/+ mouse model is valuable for achieving conditional depletion of all populations of mast cells without inducing a marked reduction in other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Sasaki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Madoka Imanishi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujikura
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Tanimoto
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yohei Mochiji
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Koki Hiura
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Masaki Watanabe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Japan
| | | | - Kenta Nakano
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Nobuya Sasaki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Japan.
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Yuan W, Stevenson CB, Altaye M, Jones BV, Leach J, Lovha M, Rennert N, Mangano FT. Diffusion tensor imaging in children following prenatal myelomeningocele repair and its predictive value for the need and timing of subsequent CSF diversion surgery for hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2021; 27:391-399. [PMID: 33545679 DOI: 10.3171/2020.9.peds20570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), an objective and noninvasive neuroimaging technique, for its potential as an imaging biomarker to predict the need and timing of CSF diversion surgery in patients after prenatal myelomeningocele (MMC) repair. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of data based on 35 pediatric patients after prenatal MMC repair (gestational age at birth 32.68 ± 3.42 weeks, range 24-38 weeks; 15 females and 20 males). A logistic regression analysis was used to classify patients to determine the need for CSF diversion surgery. The model performance was compared between using the frontooccipital horn ratio (FOHR) alone and using the FOHR combined with DTI values (the genu of the corpus callosum [gCC] and the posterior limb of the internal capsule [PLIC]). For patients who needed to be treated surgically, timing of the procedure was used as the clinical outcome to test the predictive value of DTI acquired prior to surgery based on a linear regression analysis. RESULTS Significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the gCC (p = 0.014) and PLIC (p = 0.037) and higher mean diffusivity (MD) values in the gCC (p = 0.013) were found in patients who required CSF diversion surgery compared with those who did not require surgery (all p values adjusted for age). Based on the logistic regression analysis, the FOHR alone showed an accuracy of performance of 0.69 and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.60. The performance of the model was higher when DTI measures were used in the logistic regression model (accuracy = 0.77, AUC = 0.84 for using DTI values in gCC; accuracy = 0.75, AUC = 0.84 for using DTI values in PLIC). Combining the DTI values of the gCC or PLIC and FOHR did not improve the model performance when compared with using the DTI values alone. In patients who needed CSF diversion surgery, significant correlation was found between DTI values in the gCC and the time interval between imaging and surgery (FA: ρ = 0.625, p = 0.022; MD: ρ = -0.6830, p = 0.010; both adjusted for age and FOHR). CONCLUSIONS The authors' data demonstrated that DTI could potentially serve as an objective biomarker differentiating patients after prenatal MMC repair regarding those who may require surgery for MMC-associated hydrocephalus. The predictive value for the need and timing of CSF diversion surgery is highly clinically relevant for improving and optimizing decision-making for the treatment of hydrocephalus in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Yuan
- 1Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Radiology, and.,5University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Charles B Stevenson
- Divisions of2Pediatric Neurosurgery.,5University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- 3Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and.,5University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Blaise V Jones
- 4Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati.,5University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James Leach
- 4Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati.,5University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Noa Rennert
- 7Department of Neurosurgery, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Divisions of2Pediatric Neurosurgery.,5University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Mendes MA, Petrella R, Cucinotta M, Vignati E, Gatti S, Pinto SC, Bird DC, Gregis V, Dickinson H, Tucker MR, Colombo L. The RNA-dependent DNA methylation pathway is required to restrict SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE expression to specify a single female germ cell precursor in Arabidopsis. Development 2020; 147:dev194274. [PMID: 33158925 PMCID: PMC7758631 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In higher plants, the female germline is formed from the megaspore mother cell (MMC), a single cell in the premeiotic ovule. Previously, it was reported that mutants in the RNA-dependent DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway might be involved in restricting the female germline to a single nucellus cell. We show that the DRM methyltransferase double mutant drm1drm2 also presents ectopic enlarged cells, consistent with supernumerary MMC-like cells. In wild-type ovules, MMC differentiation requires SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE (SPL/NZZ), as demonstrated by the spl/nzz mutant failing to develop an MMC. We address the poorly understood upstream regulation of SPL/NZZ in ovules, showing that the RdDM pathway is important to restrict SPL/NZZ expression. In ago9, rdr6 and drm1drm2 mutants, SPL/NZZ is expressed ectopically, suggesting that the multiple MMC-like cells observed might be attributable to the ectopic expression of SPL/NZZ. We show that the ovule identity gene, SEEDSTICK, directly regulates AGO9 and RDR6 expression in the ovule and therefore indirectly regulates SPL/NZZ expression. A model is presented describing the network required to restrict SPL/NZZ expression to specify a single MMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Mendes
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rosanna Petrella
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mara Cucinotta
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vignati
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Gatti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sara C Pinto
- LAQV REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dayton C Bird
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Veronica Gregis
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Hugh Dickinson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Wang X, Zhao W, Ke J, Zhao D. Comparison and analyses of therapeutic effects between metabolic management center ( MMC) and conventional management modes. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:1049-1056. [PMID: 32248347 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The past 3 decades witnessed the rapid growth of diabetes in China. To better serve large numbers of patients, the Chinese Medical Doctor Association launched metabolic management center (MMC) program which is featured with a one-stop and comprehensive diabetes management mode in 2016. It is worth exploring whether MMC model is better than conventional models in management. METHODS In this study, 228 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited, and 193 patients completed the study. Therapeutic effects and health care costs were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that decreases in HbA1C and TG/HDL-C values were significantly greater in the MMC group than in the control group. The increase in HDL-C was significantly higher in the MMC group than in the control group. The percentage of patients whose HbA1C lower than 7% was significantly higher in the MMC group. The results of the UKPDS model simulation showed that within 30 years, with the slight increases in treatment costs, the average life expectancy and total QALE of the MMC group are higher than those of the control group by 0.61 and 0.51 year, respectively. Further study showed that the drug intervention in the MMC group was significantly stronger. In addition, the questionnaires revealed that MMC group performed better in diabetes knowledge tests and have higher patient satisfaction rates of medical services. More patients in the MMC group adopted a more favorable diet strategy. These advantages enable MMC to achieve more short-term and long-term benefits in diabetes treatment than conventional mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, 113 Xinhua South Road, Tongzhou District, Beijing City, 101100, China
| | - Wenying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, 113 Xinhua South Road, Tongzhou District, Beijing City, 101100, China
| | - Jing Ke
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, 113 Xinhua South Road, Tongzhou District, Beijing City, 101100, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, 113 Xinhua South Road, Tongzhou District, Beijing City, 101100, China.
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Juvet T, Mari A, Lajkosz K, Wallis CJ, Kuk C, Erlich A, Krimus L, Fleshner NE, Kulkarni GS, Zlotta AR. Sequential administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and Electromotive Drug Administration (EMDA) of mitomycin C ( MMC) for the treatment of high-grade nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer after BCG failure. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:850.e9-850.e15. [PMID: 32712139 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for effective nonsurgical treatment options in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in whom Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy has failed. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the efficacy of Electromotive Drug Administration (EMDA) of mitomycin C (MMC) with NMIBC after BCG failure. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective review of 26 NMIBC patients in whom BCG therapy failed who received BCG/EMDA-MMC between 2013 and 2017 was performed. All but 4 patients fulfilled the FDA criteria for BCG unresponsive disease. Progression and recurrence-free survival (RFS)were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Progression was defined as development of muscle invasive disease, presence of metastasis on imaging or treatment. We used FDA-defined criteria as complete response (CR) for single-arm trials of BCG-unresponsive patients. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Twenty-six patients were included. Initial pathology was carcinoma in situ (CIS) in 53.8% (14/26), pT1 in 34.6% (9/26), and pTa HG disease in 11.6% (3/26). Twelve of 26 patients progressed (46.2%). Following BCG/EMDA-MMC treatment, progression-free survival rates were 58.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 41.1-82.1) at 1 year and 48.9% (95% CI 48.9) at 2 years from the date of induction of BCG/EMDA-MMC, respectively. RFS was 41.9% (95% CI 25.9-67.8) at 1 year and 27.2% (95% CI 13.6-54.4) at 2 years. CR at 6, 12, and 18 months was observed in 16 (61.5%), 11 (44.0%), and 7 patients (30.4%), respectively. Side effects included dysuria (19.2%), hematuria (19.2%), and frequency (11.5%). Three patients were admitted for side effects but managed conservatively. Four patients (15.4%) died of bladder cancer over the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS EMDA-MMC BCG represents a viable option in patients with BCG unresponsive NMIBC with close to 50% progression-free survival at 2 years. However, these patients have a high risk of death from bladder cancer (15% in our cohort at 2 years) thus warranting extremely close surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Juvet
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Urology. University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Mari
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Katherine Lajkosz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Urology. University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Jd Wallis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Urology. University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia Kuk
- Department of Surgery, Urology, Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Annette Erlich
- Department of Surgery, Urology, Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lior Krimus
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Urology. University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Girish S Kulkarni
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Urology. University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandre R Zlotta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Urology. University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Urology, Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Kumaran Selvaraj S, Srinivasan K, S RK, Hu YC. Sensor-Assisted Assessment of the Tribological Behavior Patterns of AA7075 Hybrid MMC Reinforced with Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Pulverized Fuel Ash. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E2583. [PMID: 32517025 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the deployment of sensors and other ancillary technologies has turned out to be vital in the investigation of tribological behavioral patterns of composites. The tribological behavioral patterns of AA7075 hybrid metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and pulverized fuel ash (PFA) were investigated in this work. The stir casting technique was used to fabricate the composites. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness were determined for the fabricated material. Besides, microstructure analysis was performed for these AA7075 hybrid MMCs reinforced with MWCNTs and pulverized fuel ash. A pin-on-disc wear testing setup was used to evaluate the wear rate, in which the EN 31 steel disc was used as the counter-face. Taguchi’s design of the experiments was used to optimize the input parameters that impact the characteristics of the hybrid composites, and ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used to determine the contribution of input parameters on the wear behavior. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) was conducted on the AA7075 hybrid metal matrix composites using a copper electrode for determining the material removal rate. These investigations and the results were utilized for determining the optimized output process parameter values of the AA7075 metal matrix composite.
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31
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Goyon A, Yehl P, Zhang K. Characterization of therapeutic oligonucleotides by liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 182:113105. [PMID: 32004766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Marketed therapies in the pharmaceutical landscape are rapidly evolving and getting more diverse. Small molecule medicines have dominated in the past while antibodies have grown dramatically in recent years. However, the failure of traditional small and large molecules in accessing certain targets has led to increased R&D efforts to develop alternative modalities. Therapeutic oligonucleotides (ONs) can accurately be directed against their ribonucleic acid (RNA) target and represent a promising approach in previously untreated diseases. Established automated synthesis of ONs coupled with chemical improvements and the advance of new drug delivery technologies has recently brought ONs to a heightened level of interest. The first part of the present review describes the different classes of oligonucleotides, namely antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), aptamer and immunostimulatory ON, with a focus on their delivery systems relevant for future analytical characterization. The second part reviews the typical impurities in therapeutic ON products. The third part discusses the use of historical methods anion exchange chromatography (AEX), ion-pair reversed phase liquid chromatography (IP-RP), mixed-mode chromatography (MMC) and recent analytical methodologies of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) mass spectrometry for the characterization of ASO and siRNA modalities. The effects of physicochemical properties of RPLC columns and ion-pair agents on ON separation are specifically addressed with possible future directions for method development provided. Finally, some innovative analytical developments for the analysis of siRNAs and their delivery materials to pave the way toward the use of multi-attribute methods in the near future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Goyon
- Small Molecules Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Peter Yehl
- Small Molecules Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kelly Zhang
- Small Molecules Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Ushakov F, Sacco A, Andreeva E, Tudorache S, Everett T, David AL, Pandya PP. Crash sign: new first-trimester sonographic marker of spina bifida. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 54:740-745. [PMID: 30977215 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe a new first-trimester sonographic sign, the 'crash sign', associated with fetal open spina bifida, and to evaluate its clinical usefulness in the first-trimester diagnosis of spina bifida. METHODS This was a retrospective review of patients referred to three fetal medicine centers in the first trimester (11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks) with suspected spina bifida. Spina bifida was confirmed by direct visualization of the spinal defect on ultrasound by two experts and, when possible, by fetal postmortem examination. Ultrasound images were reviewed for the presence of the crash sign, which is the posterior displacement of the mesencephalon and deformation against the occipital bone in the axial view. The first-trimester ultrasound images of a mixed group of 10 cases and 40 control fetuses without spina bifida were assessed for the presence of the crash sign by two assessors blinded to the diagnosis. RESULTS The crash sign was present in 48 out of 53 confirmed cases of spina bifida. Of these, 27 had isolated spina bifida and 21 had an associated anomaly. Of the five cases without the crash sign, one had isolated spina bifida and four had an associated anomaly. The crash sign was not reported in any of the control fetuses. CONCLUSIONS We have described a new first-trimester sonographic marker for the diagnosis of spina bifida. Our results suggest that the crash sign may be a useful tool in the first-trimester detection of spina bifida. Prospective evaluation of the crash sign would be beneficial, ideally in a routine clinical screening ultrasound setting. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ushakov
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Sacco
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospital, London, UK
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - E Andreeva
- Moscow Regions Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical-Genetics Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Tudorache
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Emergency University Hospital of Craiova, Romania
| | - T Everett
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - A L David
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospital, London, UK
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - P P Pandya
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospital, London, UK
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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Manentsa M, Mukudu H, Koloane N, Ringane A, Matta E, Martinson NA, Lebina L. Complications of high volume circumcision: glans amputation in adolescents; a case report. BMC Urol 2019; 19:65. [PMID: 31296191 PMCID: PMC6625076 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-019-0462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The past four years has seen a rapid roll-out of male medical circumcision services in South Africa in response to clinical trials showing circumcision prevents HIV acquisition in heterosexual men. Clinics conduct substantial numbers of circumcisions per day. We report three cases of glans amputation in adolescents attending high volume clinics where modified Models of Optimising Volume and Efficiency (MOVE) are implemented. Case presentations Three cases of glans amputation in young healthy men that presented for voluntary medical male circumcision. The procedures were performed by highly experienced medical officers in two cases. All these cases shared characteristics: younger males with immature genitalia, forceps guided circumcision, and likely operator fatigue. Voluntary male medical circumcision programs should include regular monitoring and evaluation and training of operators to ensure high quality surgical techniques such as working in clean areas and taking frequent breaks. Conclusion Circumcision is a relatively simple medical procedure, however regular training and quality control in high volume Male Medical Circumcision sites is essential to prevent rare catastrophic adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mmatsie Manentsa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), SA MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hilary Mukudu
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), SA MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nthabiseng Koloane
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), SA MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ashley Ringane
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), SA MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Eleanor Matta
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), SA MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Neil A Martinson
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), SA MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Limakatso Lebina
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), SA MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Pokój T, Klimiuk E, Ciesielski S. Interactive effect of crude glycerin concentration and C:N ratio on polyhydroxyalkanoates accumulation by mixed microbial cultures modelled with Response Surface Methodology. Water Res 2019; 156:434-444. [PMID: 30947043 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to investigate how the crude glycerin concentration and the carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio in the culture medium affect four indicators of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) accumulation by mixed microbial cultures (MMC): the observed coefficient of active-biomass yield (Yobs,BA), the observed coefficient of PHA yield (Yobs,PHA), the PHA content in biomass (XPHA) and the volumetric productivity (PrV). The C:N ratio had the largest effect on Yobs,BA and Yobs,PHA. When the C:N ratio was increased, Yobs,BA decreased and Yobs,PHA increased, regardless of the concentration of crude glycerin in the culture medium. The C:N ratio also had the largest effect on the PHA content, whereas volumetric productivity was strongly affected by both the C:N ratio and the crude glycerin concentration. The optimal conditions for PHA accumulation were a crude glycerin concentration of 8954 mg COD/L with a C:N ratio of 15.9 mg C/mg N-NH4, which gave a Yobs,BA of 0.29 mg CODBA/mg COD, a Yobs,PHA of 0.28 mg CODPHA/mg COD, a XPHA of 55.6% VSS and a PrV of 757.3 mg CODPHA/L⋅d (550.0 mg PHA/L⋅d). The accumulated PHAs consisted mainly of 3-hydroxybutyrate. By using RSM, it was possible to predict crude glycerin concentrations and C:N ratios not tested here that will allow desirable values of PHA content in biomass or PHA productivity, which can be useful for designing PHA production with MMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pokój
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna Str. 45G, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ewa Klimiuk
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna Str. 45G, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sławomir Ciesielski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna Str. 45G, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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Arranz-Marquez E, Katsanos A, Kozobolis VP, Konstas AGP, Teus MA. A Critical Overview of the Biological Effects of Mitomycin C Application on the Cornea Following Refractive Surgery. Adv Ther 2019; 36:786-97. [PMID: 30859502 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-00905-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
During the last 2 decades, modifying the shape of the cornea by means of laser photoablation has emerged as a successful and popular treatment option for refractive errors. Corneal surface ablation techniques such as photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) offer good refractive results while having a minimal impact on corneal biomechanical stability. Past limitations of these techniques included the long-term regression of refractive outcome and a vigorous healing response that reduced corneal clarity in some patients (giving rise to what is clinically described as “haze”). Mitomycin C (MMC) was introduced as a healing modulator and applied on the corneal surface after refractive surgery to address these drawbacks. This article critically reviews the available evidence on the biological effects, safety, and clinical benefits of the off-label use of MMC in corneal refractive surgery.
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Hendawy SHM. Immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants: effector cell mechanisms and cytokines. J Parasit Dis 2018; 42:471-82. [PMID: 30538343 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-018-1023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) of ruminants are prevalent and have major economic impacts worldwide. The insight studies of immune responses triggered against GINs are of great concern to understand interaction between host's immune system and parasite. T-helper 2 cytokines drive the effector cell mechanisms which include eosinophils and mast cells. The immune responses are controlled by Th2 secreted interleukins (IL); IL3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10 and IL-13. B-Cell immune response is incorporated in defense mechanisms developed against GINs specially immunoglobulins (Ig); IgA, IgE and IgG. The immune resistance of the infected host is presented by failure of larval establishment or hypobiosis, low worm burden and decreased female fecundity. The host-parasite interaction is a complex series that affected by host's genetic constitution, nutrition, age and physiological status. The GINs have different immune evasion mechanisms to improve their survival within the host. Also, management of the host influences GINs parasitism. Thus, the aim of this review is to highlight the hallmarks of immune responses that endorse GINs parasitism. The insights studies of the triggered immune responses developed against GINs will improve the appropriate protective immune strategy.
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Munk S, Sigurðsson JO, Xiao Z, Batth TS, Franciosa G, von Stechow L, Lopez-Contreras AJ, Vertegaal ACO, Olsen JV. Proteomics Reveals Global Regulation of Protein SUMOylation by ATM and ATR Kinases during Replication Stress. Cell Rep 2018; 21:546-558. [PMID: 29020638 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that protect eukaryotic DNA during the cumbersome task of replication depend on the precise coordination of several post-translational modification (PTM)-based signaling networks. Phosphorylation is a well-known regulator of the replication stress response, and recently an essential role for SUMOs (small ubiquitin-like modifiers) has also been established. Here, we investigate the global interplay between phosphorylation and SUMOylation in response to replication stress. Using SUMO and phosphoproteomic technologies, we identify thousands of regulated modification sites. We find co-regulation of central DNA damage and replication stress responders, of which the ATR-activating factor TOPBP1 is the most highly regulated. Using pharmacological inhibition of the DNA damage response kinases ATR and ATM, we find that these factors regulate global protein SUMOylation in the protein networks that protect DNA upon replication stress and fork breakage, pointing to integration between phosphorylation and SUMOylation in the cellular systems that protect DNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Munk
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy Aging, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jón Otti Sigurðsson
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhenyu Xiao
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tanveer Singh Batth
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giulia Franciosa
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise von Stechow
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andres Joaquin Lopez-Contreras
- Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy Aging, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jesper Velgaard Olsen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Röhrig S, Dorn A, Enderle J, Schindele A, Herrmann NJ, Knoll A, Puchta H. The RecQ-like helicase HRQ1 is involved in DNA crosslink repair in Arabidopsis in a common pathway with the Fanconi anemia-associated nuclease FAN1 and the postreplicative repair ATPase RAD5A. New Phytol 2018; 218:1478-1490. [PMID: 29577315 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
RecQ helicases are important caretakers of genome stability and occur in varying copy numbers in different eukaryotes. Subsets of RecQ paralogs are involved in DNA crosslink (CL) repair. The orthologs of AtRECQ2, AtRECQ3 and AtHRQ1, HsWRN, DmRECQ5 and ScHRQ1 participate in CL repair in their respective organisms, and we aimed to define the function of these helicases for plants. We obtained Arabidopsis mutants of the three RecQ helicases and determined their sensitivity against CL agents in single- and double-mutant analyses. Only Athrq1, but not Atrecq2 and Atrecq3, mutants proved to be sensitive to intra- and interstrand crosslinking agents. AtHRQ1 is specifically involved in the repair of replicative damage induced by CL agents. It shares pathways with the Fanconi anemia-related endonuclease FAN1 but not with the endonuclease MUS81. Most surprisingly, AtHRQ1 is epistatic to the ATPase RAD5A for intra- as well as interstrand CL repair. We conclude that, as in fungi, AtHRQ1 has a conserved function in DNA excision repair. Additionally, HRQ1 not only shares pathways with the Fanconi anemia repair factors, but in contrast to fungi also seems to act in a common pathway with postreplicative DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Röhrig
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, BW, 76131, Germany
| | - Annika Dorn
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, BW, 76131, Germany
| | - Janina Enderle
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, BW, 76131, Germany
| | - Angelina Schindele
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, BW, 76131, Germany
| | - Natalie J Herrmann
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, BW, 76131, Germany
| | - Alexander Knoll
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, BW, 76131, Germany
| | - Holger Puchta
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, BW, 76131, Germany
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Monden Y, Hotokezaka F, Yamakawa R. Recurrent pterygium treatment using mitomycin C, double amniotic membrane transplantation, and a large conjunctival flap. Int Med Case Rep J 2018; 11:47-52. [PMID: 29563842 PMCID: PMC5848662 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s150969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of surgery for recurrent pterygia using mitomycin C (MMC), double amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT), and a large conjunctival flap. Patients and methods This retrospective case series included 31 eyes in 31 patients with recurrent pterygia. All patients underwent pterygium excision, application of MMC, double AMT, and placement of a large conjunctival flap. Outcome measures were visual acuity, astigmatism, and recurrence. Recurrence was defined as the presence of fibrovascular proliferative tissue crossing the limbus. Results The patients' mean age was 68.2 years. The mean follow-up period was 3.6 years. The mean preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuities (logMAR conversion) were 0.23 and 0.13, respectively. There was a significant difference between the mean preoperative (-3.85 D) and postoperative (-2.22 D) astigmatism. The recurrence rate was 3.2% (1/31 cases). Conclusion Surgical pterygium excision with application of MMC, double AMT, and placement of a large conjunctival flap was an effective treatment for recurrent pterygia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Monden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumi Hotokezaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yamakawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Mondal A, Koyama K, Mikami T, Horita T, Takemi S, Tsuda S, Sakata I, Sakai T. Underlying mechanism of the cyclic migrating motor complex in Suncus murinus: a change in gastrointestinal pH is the key regulator. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/1/e13105. [PMID: 28082431 PMCID: PMC5256163 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the fasted gastrointestinal (GI) tract, a characteristic cyclical rhythmic migrating motor complex (MMC) occurs in an ultradian rhythm, at 90–120 min time intervals, in many species. However, the underlying mechanism directing this ultradian rhythmic MMC pattern is yet to be completely elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the possible causes or factors that involve in the occurrence of the fasting gastric contractions by using Suncus murinus a small model animal featuring almost the same rhythmic MMC as that found in humans and dogs. We observed that either intraduodenal infusion of saline at pH 8 evoked the strong gastric contraction or continuously lowering duodenal pH to 3‐evoked gastric phase II‐like and phase III‐like contractions, and both strong contractions were essentially abolished by the intravenous administration of MA 2029 (motilin receptor antagonist) and D‐Lys3‐GHRP6 (ghrelin receptor antagonist) in a vagus‐independent manner. Moreover, we observed that the prostaglandin E2‐alpha (PGE2‐α) and serotonin type 4 (5HT4) receptors play important roles as intermediate molecules in changes in GI pH and motilin release. These results suggest a clear insight mechanism that change in the duodenal pH to alkaline condition is an essential factor for stimulating the endogenous release of motilin and governs the fasting MMC in a vagus‐independent manner. Finally, we believe that the changes in duodenal pH triggered by flowing gastric acid and the release of duodenal bicarbonate through the involvement of PGE2‐α and 5HT4 receptor are the key events in the occurrence of the MMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupom Mondal
- Department of Life Nano-Bio, Strategic Research Division, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kouhei Koyama
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Mikami
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Taichi Horita
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shota Takemi
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsuda
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakata
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sakai
- Department of Life Nano-Bio, Strategic Research Division, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan .,Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
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Woliński J, Słupecka-Ziemilska M, Boryczka M, Grzesiak P, Kwiatkowski J, Kotarba G. Small intestine motility development in newborn mammals. Dev Period Med 2016; 20:53-60. [PMID: 27416626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 20th century, researchers have been working to improve the understanding of gastrointestinal motility. The first major discovery was the observation of a migrating myoelectric complex that turned out to be a universal occurrence among vertebrates. Further inquires resulted in a detailed description of its development during different stages of ontogeny. Some time before that, a cornerstone had been laid for a breakthrough that would come years later. That cornerstone came in the form of interstitial cells of Cajal whose true role could not be discerned until the discovery of a CD117 receptor - their main marker. With the ability to precisely mark interstitial cells of Cajal, a wave of subsequent new experiments and observations connected them to the occurrence of slow waves and allowed an understanding of the mechanism responsible for their generation. Some of these findings suggested that Cajal cells might have a role in the development of several motility disorders thus opening an avenue of research that requires the usage of both traditional and advanced diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Woliński
- Department of Endocrinology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, e-mail:
| | - Monika Słupecka-Ziemilska
- Department of Endocrinology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences
| | - Maria Boryczka
- Department of Endocrinology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences
| | - Paulina Grzesiak
- Department of Endocrinology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences
| | - Jakub Kwiatkowski
- Department of Endocrinology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences
| | - Grzegorz Kotarba
- Department of Endocrinology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences
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Huettl RE, Eckstein S, Stahl T, Petricca S, Ninkovic J, Götz M, Huber AB. Functional dissection of the Pax6 paired domain: Roles in neural tube patterning and peripheral nervous system development. Dev Biol 2015; 413:86-103. [PMID: 26187199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
During development of the CNS, stem and progenitor cell proliferation, cell fate designation, and patterning decisions are tightly regulated by interdependent networks of key transcriptional regulators. In a genetic approach we analyzed divergent functionality of the PAI and RED sub-domains of the Pax6 Paired domain (PD) during progenitor zone formation, motor and interneuron development, and peripheral connectivity at distinct levels within the neural tube: within the hindbrain, mutation of the PAI sub-domain severely affected patterning of the p3 and pMN domains and establishment of the corresponding motor neurons. Exit point designation of hypoglossal axons was disturbed in embryos harboring either mutations in the PD sub-domains or containing a functional Pax6 Null allele. At brachial spinal levels, we propose a selective involvement of the PAI sub-domain during patterning of ventral p2 and pMN domains, critically disturbing generation of specific motor neuron subtypes and increasing V2 interneuron numbers. Our findings present a novel aspect of how Pax6 not only utilizes its modular structure to perform distinct functions via its paired and homeodomain. Individual sub-domains can exert distinct functions, generating a new level of complexity for transcriptional regulation by one single transcription factor not only in dorso-ventral, but also rostro-caudal neural tube patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa-Eva Huettl
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Eckstein
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tessa Stahl
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefania Petricca
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea B Huber
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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van Schijndel O, van Heerbeek N, Ingels KJAO. Current treatment of nasal vestibular stenosis with CO2-laser surgery: prolonged vestibular stenting versus intraoperative mitomycin application. A case series of 3 patients. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:2308-11. [PMID: 25282303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
These case studies describe three cases of unilateral nasal vestibular stenoses caused by chemical cauterization. Each case was treated with CO2-laser surgery together with intraoperative topic application of mitomycin or prolonged vestibular stenting for prevention of restenosis. Two patients received intraoperative mitomycin application and one patient received prolonged vestibular stenting. Results were documented using high-resolution photographs. The follow up period ranged from 1 year and 3 months to 4 years and 9 months. All patients improved after CO2-laser surgery. No complications were reported. We consider CO2-laser surgery for relief of nasal vestibular stenosis as a feasible surgical technique for relieve of nasal vestibular stenosis. Prolonged vestibular stenting seems to be an important factor for the prevention of restenosis in which the value of intraoperative mitomycin application without prolonged vestibular stenting remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf van Schijndel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Niels van Heerbeek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen J A O Ingels
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Shimizu T, Sonoda H, Murata S, Takebayashi K, Ohta H, Miyake T, Mekata E, Shiomi H, Naka S, Tani T. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy using a combination of mitomycin C,5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin in patients at high risk of colorectal peritoneal metastasis: A Phase I clinical study. Eur J Surg Oncol 2013; 40:521-528. [PMID: 24388411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The drugs and protocols used for hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) vary among institutions. Here we show the efficacy of the 3-drug combination of mitomycin C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil (5FU), and oxaliplatin (OHP) in an in vitro simulation of HIPEC and the safety of HIPEC with these drugs during a Phase I study of patients at high risk of developing colorectal peritoneal metastasis. METHODS To simulate HIPEC, we used HCT116 and WiDr cells to assess the growth inhibitory efficacy of MMC 2 μg/mL, 5FU 200 μg/mL, and OHP 40 μg/mL as single drugs or their combination after an exposure time of 30 min at 37 or 42 °C. In addition, nine patients underwent surgical resection of tumors and HIPEC with MMC, 5FU, and an escalating dose of OHP (90/110/130 mg/m²). Dose-limiting toxicity was monitored. RESULTS In the simulation, the 3-drug combination showed marked tumor-suppressive effects compared with those from ten times higher dose of OHP 400 μg/mL, with significant augmentation under hyperthermic conditions. No dose-limiting toxicity occurred in the clinical study. Dose escalation was completed at the final level of OHP. CONCLUSIONS The MMC-5FU-OHP combination showed marked growth inhibition against colorectal cancer cells under hyperthermic conditions in vitro. In the phase I study, the recommended dose of OHP was determined as 130 mg/m² when used with MMC and 5FU; HIPEC using MMC-5FU-OHP appears to be safe and feasible for patients at high risk of colorectal peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - H Sonoda
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - S Murata
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - K Takebayashi
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - H Ohta
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - T Miyake
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - E Mekata
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - H Shiomi
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - S Naka
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - T Tani
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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Yang W, Yu M, Fu J, Bao W, Wang D, Hao L, Yao P, Nüssler AK, Yan H, Liu L. Deoxynivalenol induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 64:383-96. [PMID: 24355168 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxins. The aim of this study consists in using diverse cellular and molecular assays to evaluate cytotoxicity, genotoxicity as well as oxidative damage and to investigate their mechanisms in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The human lymphocytes were cultured in eight different doses of DON (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 ng/mL) during 6, 12 and 24 h. DON was able to decrease cell viability and cause damage to the membrane, the chromosomes or the DNA at all times of culture. It was also able to induce lipid peroxidation and raise the levels of 8-OHdG and ROS in 6, 12 and 24 h. The results of the RT-PCR and the Western Blot indicated that DON is able to enhance mRNA or protein expressions of DNA repair genes and HO-1 in 6 h and to inhibit these expressions in 24 h. DON potentially triggers genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. This mechanism is probably related to depletion of antioxidase and oxidative damage to the DNA that reduced expression of HO-1, thereby inhibiting the ability of DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Juan Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- University of Tübingen, BG Trauma Center, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hong Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Pádua PFMR, Dihl RR, Lehmann M, de Abreu BRR, Richter MF, de Andrade HHR. Genotoxic, antigenotoxic and phytochemical assessment of Terminalia actinophylla ethanolic extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:521-7. [PMID: 24071477 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Terminalia actinophylla has been used for anti-diarrheic and haemostatic purposes in Brazil. The fly spot data obtained after exposure of marker-heterozygous Drosophila melanogaster larvae to T. actinophylla ethanolic extract (TAE) in the standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses revealed that TAE did not induce any statistically significant increment in any spot categories. Differences between the two crosses are related to cytochrome P450 (CYPs) levels. In this sense, our data pointed out the absence of TAE-direct and indirect mutagenic and recombinagenic action in the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART). When the anti-genotoxicity of TAE was analyzed, neither mitomycin C (MMC) nor ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) genotoxicity was modified by the post-exposure to TAE, which suggests that TAE has no effect on the mechanisms involved in the processing of the lesions induced by both genotoxins. In the mwh/flr(3) genotype, co-treatment with TAE may lead to a significant protection against the genotoxicity of MMC and a weak but significant effect in the toxic genetic action of EMS. The overall findings suggested that the favorable modulations by TAE could be, at least in part, due to its antioxidative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F M R Pádua
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada (PPGGTA), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Alenezi H, Alhazmi H, Trbay M, Neel KF. Endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux in children with a solitary kidney: the risk of obstruction. J Pediatr Urol 2013; 9:1166-9. [PMID: 23746828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to review patients with a solitary kidney and ipsilateral vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) who underwent endoscopic correction of VUR (ECVUR) and to evaluate the prevalence of obstruction in this group of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the files of all patients who underwent ECVUR at our center between January 2000 and June 2011. Only patients with a solitary kidney and ipsilateral VUR were included. RESULTS Thirteen patients met our criteria. Two patients (15.38%) developed obstruction post-ECVUR. Both patients developed anuria in the first 24 h after surgery and required intervention. Two patients (15.38%) had increasing hydroureteronephrosis that was discovered on follow-up ultrasound, with no symptoms or signs of obstruction. Both were managed conservatively. CONCLUSION Our results showed a higher percentage of obstruction post-ECVUR in patients with a solitary kidney (15.38%), who required immediate intervention. Thus, we recommend giving clear instructions to parents of patients with VUR and a solitary kidney post-ECVUR before discharge from the hospital regarding decreased urine output and loin pain. We recommend a follow-up ultrasound to rule out obstruction and detect new-onset hydronephrosis.
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He X, Wang J, Li M, Hao D, Yang Y, Zhang C, He R, Tao R. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.: ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 151:78-92. [PMID: 24296089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Family Eucommiaceae), also known as Dù-zhòng (Chinese: ), Tuchong (in Japanese), is the sole species of the genus Eucommia. The leaf, stem, and bark as well as staminate flower of Eucommia ulmoides have been traditionally used to cure many diseases in China, Japan, Korea, among others. The aim of this review is to comprehensively outline the botanical description, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicology of Eucommia ulmoides and to discuss possible trends for further study of Eucommia ulmoides. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on Eucommia ulmoides was gathered via the internet (using Pub Med, Elsevier, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, Medline Plus, ACS, CNKI, and Web of Science) and from books in local libraries. RESULTS One-hundred twelve compounds of Eucommia ulmoides, including the main active constituents, lignans and iridoids, have been isolated and identified. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that monomer compounds and extracts from Eucommia ulmoides possess wide-ranging pharmacological actions, especially in treating hypertension, hyperlipemia, diabetes, obesity, sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, aging, lupus-like syndrome, and immunoregulation. CONCLUSIONS Eucommia ulmoides has been used as a source of traditional medicine and as a beneficial health food. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of Eucommia ulmoides have received much interest, and extracts and active compounds continue to be isolated and proven to exert various effects. Further toxicity and clinical studies are warranted to establish more detailed data on crude extracts and pure compounds, enabling more convenient preparations for patients. Therefore, this review on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicity of Eucommia ulmoides will provide helpful data for further studies as well as the commercial exploitation of this traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui He
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Medicine, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Maoxing Li
- University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Medicine, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Xi'an Hospital, Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Xi'an 710077, PR China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Rui He
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
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Rizzo C, Boenzi S, Inglese R, la Marca G, Muraca M, Martinez TB, Johnson DW, Zelli E, Dionisi-Vici C. Measurement of succinyl-carnitine and methylmalonyl-carnitine on dried blood spot by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 429:30-3. [PMID: 24269713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is one of the most frequent organic acidurias, a class of diseases caused by enzymatic defects mainly involved in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids. Recently, mild MMA and C4-dicarboxylyl-carnitine (C4DC-C) accumulation have been reported in patients carrying mutation in genes encoding the α-subunit (SUCLG1) and the β-subunit (SUCLA2) of the ADP-forming succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS). We developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to quantify in dried blood spot the two isobaric compounds of C4DC-C, succinyl-carnitine and methylmalonyl-carnitine, to allow the differential diagnosis between classical MMA and SCS-related defects. This method, with an easy liquid-phase extraction and derivatization procedure, has been validated to demonstrate the specificity, linearity, recovery, lowest limit of quantification (LLOQ), accuracy and precision for quantitative determination of blood succinyl-carnitine and methylmalonyl-carnitine. The assay was linear over a concentration range of 0.025-10 μmol/L and achieved the LLOQ of 0.025 μmol/L for both metabolites. The average slope, intercept, and coefficient of linear regression (r(2)) were respectively: 0.3389 (95% confidence interval 0.2888-0.3889), 0.0113 (95% confidence interval -0.0157 to 0.0384), 0.9995 (95% confidence interval 0.9990-1.0000) for succinyl-carnitine and 0.5699 (95% confidence interval 0.5263-0.6134), 0.0319 (95% confidence interval -0.0038 to 0.0677), 0.9997 (95% confidence interval 0.9995-1.0000) for methylmalonyl-carnitine. Within-day and between-day coefficients of variation (CV) were 1.94% and 3.19% for succinyl-carnitine and 3.21%, and 2.56 for methylmalonyl-carnitine. This method is accurate and provides a new tool to differentiate patients with classical methylmalonic acidemia from those with SCS-related defects.
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Thomas BJ, Galor A, Nanji AA, El Sayyad F, Wang J, Dubovy SR, Joag MG, Karp CL. Ultra high-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Ocul Surf 2013; 12:46-58. [PMID: 24439046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology has helped to usher in a new era of in vivo diagnostic imaging of the eye. The utilization of OCT for imaging of the anterior segment and ocular surface has evolved from time-domain devices to spectral-domain devices with greater penetrance and resolution, providing novel images of anterior segment pathology to assist in diagnosis and management of disease. Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is one such pathology that has proven demonstrable by certain anterior segment OCT machines, specifically the newer devices capable of performing ultra high-resolution OCT (UHR-OCT). Distinctive features of OSSN on high resolution OCT allow for diagnosis and differentiation from other ocular surface pathologies. Subtle findings on these images help to characterize the OSSN lesions beyond what is apparent with the clinical examination, providing guidance for clinical management. The purpose of this review is to examine the published literature on the utilization of UHR-OCT for the diagnosis and management of OSSN, as well as to report novel uses of this technology and potential directions for its future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Thomas
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Miami Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Afshan A Nanji
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Fouad El Sayyad
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sander R Dubovy
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Florida Lions Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Madhura G Joag
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carol L Karp
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
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