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Liu P, Fang H, An G, Jin B, Lu C, Li S, Yang F, Du L, Jin X. Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Elderly Subjects: Structure and Blood Flow Characteristics of Retina and Choroid. Ophthalmol Ther 2024; 13:321-335. [PMID: 37966697 PMCID: PMC10776535 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With advancements in imaging technology, researchers have been able to identify more distinctive imaging features of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). However, existing research primarily concentrates on young patients aged 50 years and below, leaving a dearth of studies on elderly CSC patients. Previous studies indicate that elderly CSC patients may exhibit unique imaging characteristics and have a clinical prognosis that significantly differs from younger patients. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of retina, choroid structure, and blood flow in elderly patients with chronic CSC (cCSC) examined multimode imaging and try to find new pathogenesis information of it. METHODS Using a cut-off age of 50 years, patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy were divided into two groups: older and younger. The control group consisted of 40 healthy individuals, with their right eyes assigned. Various clinical features were recorded, including the incidence of ellipsoid zone rupture (EZ-), fibrin in the subretinal fluid (SRF), pachydrusen, subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD), pigment epithelial detachment (PED), double-layer sign (DLS), and choroidal lipid globule cavern. Measurements were taken for the thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL), the length of the extended outer photoreceptor segment (POS), the height and width of SRF, the vascular density of each layer of the retinal capillary plexus, the central macular thickness (CMT), and the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT). RESULTS The proportion of females in the elderly group (43.75%) was significantly higher than that in the youth group (22.41%) (p = 0.034). The degree of hyperopia in the elderly group (1.03 ± 0.73) was higher than that in the youth group (0.26 ± 1.06), with a significant difference in BCVA (p = 0.05). The thickness of SFCT, CMT, ONL in the elderly group, and the length of photoreceptor outer segment in the elderly group were thinner than those in the youth group (p < 0.05). Choroidal capillary perfusion area (CCPA), macular area, and paramacular area were lower in the elderly group than those in the youth group in the full scan range (p < 0.05). The blood flow densities of deep capillary plexus (DCP), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP), and superficial capillary plexus (SCP) in the whole scan range, macular area, and paramacular area were lower in the elderly group than in the youth group, but the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data suggest that elderly patients with cCSC may experience different disease outcomes. Elderly cCSC patients exhibit less gender bias, poorer vision, more severe structural damage and ischemia in the choroid and retina, and have a higher risk of developing choroidal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Academy of Medical Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Haixin Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Academy of Medical Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Guangqi An
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Academy of Medical Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Academy of Medical Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Fundus Disease Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Chenyu Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Academy of Medical Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Academy of Medical Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Academy of Medical Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Liping Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
- Academy of Medical Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
- Fundus Disease Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Xuemin Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
- Academy of Medical Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
- Fundus Disease Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Zafar S, Ahmed TM, Baig R, Jeeva I, Siddiqui MAR. Accuracy of swept source biometry device in detecting macular diseases compared with swept source OCT. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:376. [PMID: 38115143 PMCID: PMC10731895 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the IOLMaster 700 foveal scans to detect foveal pathology compared with a standard swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) device. RESULTS One hundred seventy eye scans of 95 patients were included in the final analyses. Ninety-nine (58.2%) scans were classified as abnormal by SS-OCT. Mean sensitivity of the biometry device was 67.5% (range: 51-84%) and mean specificity was 69.5% (range: 44-95%). Intra-class correlation coefficients were 0.912 and 0.835, for reader 1 and 2, respectively. Area under the curve for receiver operating curve was 0.726. Foveal scans of the IOLMaster 700 can provide clinically useful information. Clinicians should pay attention to the macular scans when reviewing biometry prior to cataract surgery and standard macular OCT should ideally be supplemented in suspicious cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Zafar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Taha Muneer Ahmed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Baig
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Jeeva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M A Rehman Siddiqui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
- Shahzad Eye Hospital, Shahzad Eye Hospital, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, A-16, Karachi, Pakistan.
- The Eye Centre, South City Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Ueda E, Yasuda M, Fujiwara K, Hashimoto S, Honda T, Nakamura S, Hata J, Ninomiya T, Sonoda KH. Association Between Choroidal Thickness and Myopic Maculopathy in a Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study. Ophthalmol Sci 2023; 3:100350. [PMID: 37484162 PMCID: PMC10362162 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To examine the association between choroidal thickness and myopic maculopathy in a general Japanese population. Design Population-based cross-sectional study. Participants A total of 2841 residents of a Japanese community aged ≥ 40 years, who consented to participate and had available data of choroidal thickness and fundus photographs, were enrolled in this study. Methods The choroidal thickness was measured by swept-source OCT. Participants were divided into quartiles of choroidal thickness. Myopic maculopathy was defined according to the classification system of the Meta-analysis of Pathologic Myopia Study Group. Main outcome measures were odds ratios (ORs) of choroidal thickness for prevalent myopic maculopathy. The ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a logistic regression model. Main Outcome Measures Prevalent myopic maculopathy. Results Eighty-one participants had myopic maculopathy (45 diffuse chorioretinal atrophy, 31 patchy chorioretinal atrophy, and 5 macular atrophy). Individuals in the lowest quartile of choroidal thickness had a significantly greater OR for the presence of myopic maculopathy than those in the highest quartile of choroidal thickness (OR: 4.78 [95% CI: 1.78-16.72]) after adjusting for confounders, including axial length. The sensitivity analysis among the 1176 myopic individuals with axial length of ≥ 24.0 mm also showed that thinner choroidal thickness was significantly associated with prevalent myopic maculopathy. Conclusions The present study demonstrated the significant inverse association between choroidal thickness and the likelihood of myopic maculopathy, suggesting that the measurement of choroidal thickness in addition to axial length would be useful for assessing the risk of myopic maculopathy and elucidating its pathogenesis. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Ueda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miho Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohta Fujiwara
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sawako Hashimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Honda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shun Nakamura
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Blehm C, Hall B. Refractive Predictability of a Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Biometer in Long and Short Eyes Implanted with Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lenses. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:3525-3530. [PMID: 38026607 PMCID: PMC10676102 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s430535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the refractive predictability of Argos (Movu, a Santec company) measurements and the Barrett Universal II formula in long and short eyes implanted with an extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL). Methods This retrospective, non-interventional study included 86 eyes (55 long and 31 short) of 55 patients. Preoperative biometry was performed using the Argos. Preoperative IOL power formulas were the preprogrammed Barrett Universal II (BUII). Data were collected for refractive outcomes, postoperative prediction error (directional and absolute), and monocular corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA, Snellen). Results The mean absolute prediction error for BUII was 0.27 ± 0.26 D overall, 0.24 ± 0.20 D in long eyes, and 0.33 ± 0.33 D in short eyes. Overall, the percentage of eyes with ≤ 0.5 D prediction error was 84% for BUII. In long eyes, the percentage of eyes with ≤ 0.5 D prediction error was 90% for BUII. In short eyes, the percentage of eyes with ≤ 0.5 D prediction error was 74% for BUII. The percentage of eyes with ≤ 0.5 D of MRSE was 89% for long eyes and 94% for short eyes. Visual acuities were excellent in both long and short eyes, with > 90% of eyes 20/25 or better in each group. Conclusion The prediction error of Argos using BUII was low in long and short eyes at one month after EDOF IOL implantation.
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Chen L, Meng L, Sun L, Chen Y. Scleral changes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients using swept source optical coherence tomography. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1278893. [PMID: 38022606 PMCID: PMC10656698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1278893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to examine scleral thickness in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without clinically evident scleritis and episcleritis, utilizing swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods This cross-sectional single center study compared scleral thickness (Nasal scleral thickness 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 6mm from scleral spur; Temporal scleral thickness 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 6mm from scleral spur) in 73 SLE patients without clinically evident scleritis and episcleritis and 48 healthy volunteers with SS-OCT. Further, we investigated the correlation between scleral thickness in SLE patients and various parameters including laboratory markers, disease duration, disease activity, and organ involvement. Results Across all measured sites (nasal scleral thickness at distances of 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, and 6mm from the scleral spur, and temporal scleral thickness at the same distances), the scleral thickness in the SLE group was significantly greater than that in the control group (all p-values <0.001). SLE patients with a disease duration of 5 years or less exhibited a higher scleral thickness compared to those with a more prolonged disease duration. Patients with a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) had a thinner temporal scleral thickness. However, no significant associations were identified between scleral thickness and disease activity, organ involvement, or other laboratory markers. Conclusion Scleral thickness measured by SS-OCT was higher in SLE patients than healthy controls. Changes in scleral thickness in SLE patients are related to disease duration and ESR. SS-OCT can detect asymptomatic structural changes in SLE patients and may be a useful tool in the evaluation of early scleral abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Youxin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Multack S, Plummer N, Smits G, Hall B. Randomized Trial Comparing Prediction Accuracy of Two Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Biometers. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:2423-2428. [PMID: 37609646 PMCID: PMC10441632 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s407538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the prediction accuracy of the Argos biometer using standard keratometry to the prediction accuracy of the IOLMaster 700 biometer using Total Keratometry. Methods This was a randomized, prospective, single surgeon study of 80 right eyes of 80 patients that had preoperative biometry with both the Argos and IOLMaster 700 devices, followed by cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Prediction errors (directional and absolute) for each device were determined from the 1 month postoperative manifest refraction. Results The directional prediction error was 0.07 ± 0.32 D for the Argos and 0.08 ± 0.34 D for the IOLMaster 700. The mean of the difference in prediction error (directional) was 0.02 D, which was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The absolute prediction error was 0.21 ± 0.25 D for the Argos and 0.25 ± 0.24 D for the IOLMaster 700. The mean of the difference in absolute prediction error was 0.04 D, which was statistically significant (p < 0.004) but not clinically significant. The percentage of eyes with absolute prediction error ≤ 0.5 D was 91% (73 eyes) for the Argos and 88% (70 eyes) for the IOLMaster 700. This difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion The prediction accuracies were similar between the Argos and IOLMaster 700 in eyes with normal axial length. There was a significant difference in mean absolute prediction error between devices; however, this was not clinically meaningful.
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Blehm C, Hall B. Comparing Predictive Accuracy of a Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Biometer and an Optical Low Coherence Reflectometry Biometer. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:2125-2131. [PMID: 37521148 PMCID: PMC10386863 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s421504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the refractive accuracy resulting from calculations based on measurements with a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometer compared to calculations based on measurements with an optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR) biometer at one month postoperatively. Methods This was a retrospective comparative non-interventional study of preoperative biometry and postoperative refraction and visual acuity of 200 eyes. All eyes had preoperative biometry with both the Argos (Movu, a Santec company) and Lenstar LS900 (Haag-Streit AG) devices. Data were collected for mean postoperative prediction error (directional and absolute), preoperative mean K, delta K (corneal astigmatism), axial length, and anterior chamber depth. Results The mean directional prediction error was -0.15 ± 0.47 D for Argos and -0.31 ± 0.50 D for Lenstar LS900, and there was a statistically significant mean of the differences (0.16 ± 0.24 D; p < 0.001). The mean absolute prediction error was 0.35 ± 0.34 D for Argos and 0.42 ± 0.41 D for Lenstar LS900, and there was a statistically significant mean of the differences (-0.07 ± 0.24 D; p < 0.001). Neither the differences in directional prediction error nor the differences in absolute prediction error were clinically significant. Conclusion The directional and absolute prediction accuracies were statistically significant, but not clinically different between the Argos and Lenstar LS900 devices. In addition, differences between preoperative K, AL, and ACD measurements were not clinically significant.
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Bolletta E, De Simone L, Pellegrini M, Preziosa C, Mastrofilippo V, Adani C, Gentile P, Gozzi F, Cimino L. Optical Coherence Tomography in Inflammatory and Neoplastic Lesions Deforming the Choroidal Profile. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:1991. [PMID: 37370886 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13121991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid is the main part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye that lies between the retina and the sclera. The high vascular component of the choroid makes this structure susceptible to inflammation in multisystemic diseases, as well as the most common site of metastasis in the eye. Therefore, the choroid is involved in many pathological conditions, from uveitis to intraocular tumors. Differentiating between inflammatory and neoplastic lesions deforming the choroidal profile can sometimes be challenging. In addition, scleral disorders can also deform the choroidal profile. Choroidal imaging includes ophthalmic ultrasonography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Recent advances in choroidal imaging techniques, such as enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), have facilitated an in-depth analysis of the choroid. The purpose of this review article is to report on and highlight the most common OCT findings to help in the differential diagnosis between inflammatory and neoplastic lesions deforming the choroidal profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bolletta
- Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luca De Simone
- Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marco Pellegrini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco", Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Preziosa
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco", Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chantal Adani
- Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pietro Gentile
- Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gozzi
- Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luca Cimino
- Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, with Interest in Transplants, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
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Pramil V, de Sisternes L, Omlor L, Lewis W, Sheikh H, Chu Z, Manivannan N, Durbin M, Wang RK, Rosenfeld PJ, Shen M, Guymer R, Liang MC, Gregori G, Waheed NK. A Deep Learning Model for Automated Segmentation of Geographic Atrophy Imaged Using Swept-Source OCT. Ophthalmol Retina 2023; 7:127-141. [PMID: 35970318 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a deep learning algorithm for segmentation of geographic atrophy (GA) using en face swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) images that is accurate and reproducible for the assessment of GA growth over time. DESIGN Retrospective review of images obtained as part of a prospective natural history study. SUBJECTS Patients with GA (n = 90), patients with early or intermediate age-related macular degeneration (n = 32), and healthy controls (n = 16). METHODS An automated algorithm using scan volume data to generate 3 image inputs characterizing the main OCT features of GA-hypertransmission in subretinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE) slab, regions of RPE loss, and loss of retinal thickness-was trained using 126 images (93 with GA and 33 without GA, from the same number of eyes) using a fivefold cross-validation method and data augmentation techniques. It was tested in an independent set of one hundred eighty 6 × 6-mm2 macular SS-OCT scans consisting of 3 repeated scans of 30 eyes with GA at baseline and follow-up as well as 45 images obtained from 42 eyes without GA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The GA area, enlargement rate of GA area, square root of GA area, and square root of the enlargement rate of GA area measurements were calculated using the automated algorithm and compared with ground truth calculations performed by 2 manual graders. The repeatability of these measurements was determined using intraclass coefficients (ICCs). RESULTS There were no significant differences in the GA areas, enlargement rates of GA area, square roots of GA area, and square roots of the enlargement rates of GA area between the graders and the automated algorithm. The algorithm showed high repeatability, with ICCs of 0.99 and 0.94 for the GA area measurements and the enlargement rates of GA area, respectively. The repeatability limit for the GA area measurements made by grader 1, grader 2, and the automated algorithm was 0.28, 0.33, and 0.92 mm2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS When compared with manual methods, this proposed deep learning-based automated algorithm for GA segmentation using en face SS-OCT images was able to accurately delineate GA and produce reproducible measurements of the enlargement rates of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Pramil
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; New England Eye Center, Tufts New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lars Omlor
- Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc, Dublin, California
| | - Warren Lewis
- Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc, Dublin, California; Bayside Photonics, Inc, Yellow Springs, Ohio
| | - Harris Sheikh
- New England Eye Center, Tufts New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhongdi Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, Washington
| | - Philip J Rosenfeld
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mengxi Shen
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Robyn Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michelle C Liang
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; New England Eye Center, Tufts New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giovanni Gregori
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nadia K Waheed
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; New England Eye Center, Tufts New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Kurysheva NI, Sharova GA. [Predictors of the success of laser peripheral iridotomy and lensectomy in the early stages of primary angle closure disease]. Vestn Oftalmol 2023; 139:98-105. [PMID: 37379115 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202313903198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The article reviews literature data on the search for predictors of the success of laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and lensectomy in the early stages of primary angle closure disease (PACD) and presents a trend analysis of the studies conducted on individuals identified as primary angle closure suspects (PACs) and those with primary angle closure (PAC). The concept of the review was determined by the ambiguous choice of treatment for patients at the stage of PAC onset. Determining the success predictors of LPI or lensectomy plays a key role in optimizing the treatment of PACD. The results of literature analysis are contradictory, which indicates the need for further research taking into account modern methods of visualization of the eye structures such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), Swept Source OCT (SS-OCT), and the use of uniform criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Kurysheva
- Medical Biological University of Innovations and Continuing Education of the Federal Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan, Moscow, Russia
- Ophthalmological Center of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency - Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan, Moscow, Russia
| | - G A Sharova
- OOO Glaznaya klinika doktora Belikovoj, Moscow, Russia
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Qian Y, Wang L, Qiang X, Weng H, Jiang J, Che X, Li Q, Wang Z. Choroidal and retinal thickness in patients with vitamin C deficiency using swept-source optical coherence tomography. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:311. [PMID: 35850684 PMCID: PMC9290199 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the effects of vitamin C on central retinal thickness and choroidal thickness. Methods A total of 69 patients diagnosed with vitamin C deficiency and 1:1 age- and gender-matched 69 healthy individuals with normal serum vitamin C were included in this study. Demographic characteristics of the individuals were collected. All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. Subfoveal choroidal thickness and retinal thickness were measured using a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Results The average retinal thickness was 269.07 ± 13.51 μm in the vitamin C deficiency group and 276.92 ± 13.51 μm in the control group. The average choroidal thickness was 195.62 ± 66.40 μm in the in the vitamin C deficiency group and 238.86 ± 55.08 μm in the control group. There was a significant decrease in both average choroidal thickness and retinal thickness in vitamin C deficiency group compared with normal individuals (p < 0.001, and = 0.001 respectively). Conclusion The central retinal and choroidal thickness were thinner in vitamin C deficiency group compared with normal individuals. These findings suggested that vitamin C deficiency might play an important role in retinal and choroidal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Luoziyi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xinfang Qiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huan Weng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xin Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qingjian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Eye Institute of Xiamen University; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the role of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in the management of acute Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada’s (VKH) disease. Methods: Retrospective analysis of SS-OCT images of acute VKH patients between January 2015 and February 2020 in a tertiary eye care hospital. Results: We studied 34 eyes of 17 patients with acute probable VKH disease. The mean age was 31.6 ± 10.4 years. Twelve patients were women. The mean follow-up was 17.1 ± 9.3 months. The mean visual acuity was 0.86 logMAR (Snellen equivalent: 6/45) at presentation and 0.18 logMAR (Snellen equivalent: 6/9) at the last follow-up. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was 784.97 microns at presentation, 431.40 microns at the first month of therapy, 453.94 microns at six months of therapy, and 405.83 microns at the last follow-up. Qualitative features noted on SS-OCT on presentation was subretinal fluid (SRF) in 29 (85%) eyes, subretinal hyperreflective dots in 34 (100%) eyes, subretinal septa in 33 (97%) eyes, RPE undulations in 21 (61.7%) eyes, posterior vitreous cells in 34 (100%) eyes, SRF around disc in 9 (26%) eyes, and disc swelling in 34 (100%) eyes. At the end of 1 year of follow-up, RPE undulations were absent in 30 eyes (88%) and disc swelling was notably absent in all 34 eyes (100%), though SRF around disc was noted in 4 eyes (11.7%) of 2 patients who had recurrences. Conclusion: SFCT, SRF around disc, RPE undulation, and disc swelling may be important indicators on SS-OCT to guide therapy and prognosticate recurrences in acute VKH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha K Ganesh
- Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saurabh Mistry
- Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nivedita Nair
- Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the biometric data obtained by the new optical biometer Argos and the conventionally used biometer IOL Master 700. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of the biometric data of 57 patients (106 eyes) who were examined at TANA Ophthalmology Clinic s.r.o in Olomouc. Patient measurements were carried out on both devices on the same day by the same optometrist within the standard preoperative calculation of the intraocular lens before cataract surgery. Evaluated and statistically analyzed biometric data were axial lenght, anterior chamber depth, average keratometry and lens thickness. RESULTS The correlation between all compared data was high, with statistical significance p < 0.01. Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement with a 95% limit of agreement. Axial lenght, average keratometry and lens thickens did not show significant differences (p = 0.941; p = 0.773; p = 0.860). IOL Master 700 showed flatter average keratometry, however, the differences were numerically small and insignificant. Anterior chamber depths obtained by Argos were longer, with a significance p < 0.05. CONCLUSION The segmental refractive index technology used by Argos caused differences in anterior chamber depths. Overall axial length was, however, not, in our cohort of patients, affected by this. In general, the optical biometers Argos and IOL Master 700 show excellent agreement in the measured biometric data.
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Ma P, Wu Y, Oatts J, Patlidanon J, Yu Y, Ying GS, Kline B, Tun TA, He M, Aung T, Li S, Yang Y, Han Y. Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of Swept-Source Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Primary Angle Closure Disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 233:68-77. [PMID: 34283974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic performance of swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in differentiating eyes with primary angle closure disease (PACD) from eyes of control subjects, as well as eyes with PAC and PAC glaucoma (PACG) from eyes with PAC suspect (PACS) disease. DESIGN Multicenter cross-sectional study. METHODS Chinese patients were classified into control, PACS, and PAC/PACG groups. The area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AUC) from logistic regression models was used to evaluate discriminating ability. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated, and performance of the models was validated using an independent dataset. RESULTS A total of 2928 SS-OCT images from 366 eyes of 260 patients were recruited to develop diagnostic models. The validation dataset included 1176 SS-OCT images from 147 eyes of 143 patients. For distinguishing PACD from control eyes, average anterior chamber depth had the highest AUC (0.94). With a cutoff of 2.2 mm for average anterior chamber depth, the sensitivity and specificity were 90.2% and 85.2% in the training set. For distinguishing PAC/PACG from PACS, a multivariate model had an AUC of 0.83, with sensitivity and specificity of 82.0% and 62.8% in the training set. The validation set confirmed the findings. CONCLUSIONS SS-OCT of the anterior segment showed excellent diagnostic performance distinguishing PACD from normal eyes and moderate diagnostic ability distinguishing eyes with PAC/PACG from eyes with PACS. ACD alone may provide a simple and effective way to diagnose PACD from control subjects. As ACD can be obtained using other more available modalities, this has implications for the early diagnosis of PACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ma
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (P.M., J.O., P.J., K.B., T.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Caliornia, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Julius Oatts
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (P.M., J.O., P.J., K.B., T.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Caliornia, USA
| | - Jutima Patlidanon
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (P.M., J.O., P.J., K.B., T.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Caliornia, USA
| | - Yinxi Yu
- Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brad Kline
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (P.M., J.O., P.J., K.B., T.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Caliornia, USA
| | - Tin A Tun
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China;; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuning Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yangfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China;.
| | - Ying Han
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (P.M., J.O., P.J., K.B., T.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Caliornia, USA; From the Department of Ophthalmology (P.M., J.O., P.J., K.B., T.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Caliornia, USA; Ophthalmology Section, Surgical Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA..
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Esteban O, Marcuello C, Martinez M, Lavilla L, Marco S, Ascaso FJ. Macular and choroidal thickness in Down syndrome by swept-source optical coherence tomography ( SS-OCT). Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2021; 96:618-622. [PMID: 34756287 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with certain structural and functional disorders in the whole visual system. The purpose was to compare retinal and choroidal thickness using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in DS subjects with controls. This cross-sectional study included 100 eyes of 52 DS subjects and 78 eyes of 39 matching age and axial length controls. Our results showed that inner or outer retinal and ganglionar thickness showed no significant differences between DS and control group (p > 0.05). However, retinal foveal thickness (rFT), ganglion foveal thickness (gFT) were significantly higher in DS group than in controls, whereas choroidal foveal thickness (cFT) and some choroidal quadrants of inner and outer rings were significantly lower (p < 0.05). This the first pilot study to provide information about macular and choroidal thicknesses in SD using SS-OCT compared to controls. Further analyses with larger numbers of subjects are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Esteban
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - C Marcuello
- Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - L Lavilla
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - S Marco
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F J Ascaso
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
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McKay KM, Chu Z, Kim JB, Legocki A, Zhou X, Tian M, Munk MR, Wang RK, Pepple KL. Automated Quantification of Choriocapillaris Lesion Area in Patients With Posterior Uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 231:179-193. [PMID: 34107308 PMCID: PMC8608733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate a custom algorithm for automated identification and quantification of clinically relevant inflammatory choriocapillaris (CC) lesions from en face swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCTA) images. DESIGN Observational case series. METHODS Twenty eyes of 14 patients with posterior uveitis were imaged. The machine-generated en face OCTA CC slabs were exported to a computing platform, where a custom algorithm performed unsupervised lesion boundary delineation and area quantification. Lesions identified by the algorithm (AG) were compared to those identified by 2 masked human graders (HG1 and HG2), using the Sørensen-Dice coefficient (DSC) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Intragrader and intravisit reliability were determined by coefficient of variation (CV) and DSC. RESULTS The AG demonstrated excellent agreement with both HGs in determination of lesion area (HG1 vs AG ICC 0.92, 95% CI 0.81-0.97, HG2 vs AG ICC 0.91, 95% CI 0.78-0.97). The AG demonstrated good spatial overlap (DSC ≥0.70) with both HGs in 14 of 20 (70%) eyes and at least 1 HG in 16 of 20 (80%) eyes. Poor spatial overlap (DSC between 0.31 and 0.69) was associated with the presence of a choroidal neovascular membrane and low-contrast lesion boundaries. Intravisit repeatability for the AG was superior to both HGs (CV 2.6% vs >5%). CONCLUSION This custom algorithm demonstrated a high degree of agreement with HGs in identification of inflammatory CC lesions and outperformed HGs in reproducibility. Automated CC lesion delineation will support the development of objective and quantitative biomarker of disease activity in patients with posterior uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matthew McKay
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zhongdi Chu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joon-Bom Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alex Legocki
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Bern Photographic Reading Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marion R Munk
- Department of Ophthalmology and Bern Photographic Reading Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kathryn L Pepple
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Thomas CS, Sharma DS, Sheet D, Mukhopadhyay A, Sharma S. Cross-sectional visual comparison of remineralization efficacy of various agents on early smooth surface caries of primary teeth with swept source optical coherence tomography. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:628-37. [PMID: 34603951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sweptsource optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) permits cross-sectional observation of surface/subsurface characteristics of enamel including early carious lesions (ECL) or remineralization non-invasively.This study aimed to visually compare the cross-sectional remineralizing efficacy of various agents on ICDAS-II scores-1&2 by using SS-OCT and histology. Methods Baseline SS-OCT (grey-scale/false-colour) and histology was performed on the randomly selected two samples with scores-1&2. Four remineralizing agents [fluoride-varnish (FV), CPP-ACP, nanohydroxy-paste (NHP) and silver-diamine-fluoride (SDF)]were evaluated for 2-or 6-weeks post-remineralization using SS-OCT and histology. Results Score-1&2 baseline SS-OCT images showed a linear-shaped demineralization with dentino-enamel junction (DEJ) visible; and bowl-shaped demineralization with DEJ invisible respectively. Remineralizing agents were assessed on the basis of their ability to remineralize the surface, subsurface and made visualize the DEJ in score-2. SS-OCT showed an outer growth layer in post-remineralization score-1, 2-weeks samples with FV and NHP. All the agents showed progressive subsurface remineralization in 6 weeks. Active lesions showed rapid uptake of minerals on surface. Subsurface mineralization in pigmented score-2 matched sound enamel with NHP and SDF. Surface remineralization was comparable in FV and SDF followed by NHP. SDF demonstrated deeper subsurface remineralization followed by NHP and CPP-ACP. Conclusion SS-OCT images correlated to histology. SS-OCT could monitor surface/subsurface in-situde/remineralization activity non-invasively.
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Abstract
Objectives: To report the clinical and demographic characteristics, imaging findings, treatment results, and follow-up data of patients with iris cysts. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 37 patients with iris cysts were retrospectively analyzed. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), and SS-OCT angiography (SS-OCTA) were performed to examine the iris cysts. Results: The mean age of the patients was 34.4 years, ranging from 5 to 85 years. Twenty-four patients (65%) were female and 13 (35%) were male. Mean follow-up period was 21.3 months, ranging from 4 months to 8 years. Thirty-five (94.5%) of the cysts were classified as primary and 2 (4.5%) were classified as secondary. Thirty-one (83.7%) of the primary cysts were pigment epithelial and 4 were stromal. Primary iris pigment epithelial cysts were classified as peripheral in 26 patients (72.2%), midzonal in 4 (11.1%), and dislodged in 1 (2.7%). Stromal cysts were classified as acquired in 3 patients (8.1%) and congenital in 1 patient (2.7%). Secondary iris cysts were caused by perforating eye injury. UBM could visualize both the anterior and posterior surfaces of the cysts (26 patients). Anterior segment SSOCT could visualize the anterior but not the posterior surface of the cysts (4 patients). Iris cysts did not display intrinsic vascularity on SS-OCTA (4 patients). All pigment epithelial cysts were managed by observation. Of the 4 primary stromal cysts, 3 were managed by surgical excision and 1 by observation. Two secondary cysts required surgical removal. Conclusion: Pigment epithelial cysts generally remain stable without need for treatment. However, iris stromal cysts frequently require surgical intervention. UBM and SS-OCT were valuable in the diagnosis of iris cysts. On UBM, iris cysts appear with a thin, hyperechoic wall with hypoechoic internal content. Iris cysts did not have intrinsic vascularity on anterior segment SS-OCTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Ceren Köse
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Gündüz
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melek Banu Hoşal
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhao T, Zhao M, Xie Q, Fong CW, Chen J, Liu Y, Feng H, Li S, Arnold BF, Aung T, He M, Oatts JT, Han Y. Repeatability and Reproducibility of Anterior Chamber Angle Measurement with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Primary Angle Closure Suspect. Curr Eye Res 2021; 46:1853-1860. [PMID: 34253093 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1942069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the inter- and intra-observer reliability of anterior chamber (AC) angle measurements obtained by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).Methods: Forty-eight consecutive patients diagnosed with primary angle closure suspect (PACS) were included. Three masked observers at different training levels (one glaucoma specialist, one ophthalmology resident, and one pre-medical college student) measured 192 SS-OCT images of the PACS patients. One observer (the glaucoma specialist) repeated measurements 1 week later. SS-OCT parameters included: Anterior segment volume, including corneal, AC, and iris volume; anterior segment dimensions, including AC depth and width (ACD, ACW), and lens vault (LV); and angle parameters, including angle opening distance (AOD), angle recess area (ARA), trabecular iris space area (TISA), and the trabecular iris angle (TIA). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to measure reliability.Results: For inter-observer reproducibility, ICCs of corneal, AC, and iris volumes were 0.952 to 0.998. ICCs of ACD at all axes were above 0.989. ICCs of ACW and LV were smallest in the 90°-270° axis (0.751 and 0.768) but not significantly different from other axes. ARA, TISA, and TIA at all angles had significantly smallest ICCs 250 µm from the scleral spur compared with 500 µm and 750 µm. The ICCs comparing observers with different training levels had similar ranges and followed similar trends. For intra-observer repeatability, the smallest ICC was 0.843. Decreasing AC depth correlated with increased inter-observer reproducibility.Conclusions: We found excellent intra-observer repeatability for all SS-OCT parameters. Angle measurements have more variation among the observers when taken 250 µm from the scleral spur. Shallow AC might lead to more variability for angle parameters. Non-expert observers may be recruited for high-quality image grading with standard training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengya Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghong Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher W Fong
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yingna Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hui Feng
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuning Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Benjamin F Arnold
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julius T Oatts
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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20
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Huang W, Li X, Gao X, Zhang X. The anterior and posterior biometric characteristics in primary angle-closure disease: Data based on anterior segment optical coherence tomography and swept-source optical coherence tomography. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:865-870. [PMID: 33727449 PMCID: PMC8012975 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_936_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Obtaining a better understanding of the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure disease (PACD) still requires studies that provide measurements of anterior and posterior biometric characteristics together and that assess the relationship between them. Methods: In total, 201 eyes were enrolled in this cross-sectional study: 50 normal controls, 49 primary angle-closure suspect (PACS), 38 primary angle closure (PAC), and 64 primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes. The anterior and posterior structural features were measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography and swept-source optical coherence tomography. Results: All PACD groups had smaller anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber area (ACA), anterior chamber volume (ACV), angle opening distance at 750 μm from the scleral spur (AOD750), trabecular–iris space area at 750 μm from the scleral spur (TISA750), and angle recess area (ARA), as well as a larger lens vault (LV), than controls (all P < 0.001). The PACS and PAC groups had thicker iris thickness at 750 μm from the scleral spur (IT750) than controls (P = 0.017 and P = 0.002, respectively). Choroidal thickness (CT) was not statistically different among normal, PACS, PAC, and PACG eyes. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between thinner IT750 and increased CT in PACD eyes (P = 0.031, univariate analysis; P = 0.008, multivariate analysis). Conclusion: Thinner iris thickness was associated with increased CT in PACD eyes; however, the underlying mechanism needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Huang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou; Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyi Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinbo Gao
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Matsuzaki K, Shimada Y, Shinno Y, Ono S, Yamaji K, Ohara N, Sadr A, Sumi Y, Tagami J, Yoshiyama M. Assessment of Demineralization Inhibition Effects of Dentin Desensitizers Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14081876. [PMID: 33918865 PMCID: PMC8069961 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of action and the inhibiting effects of two types of desensitizers against dentin demineralization using pre-demineralized hypersensitivity tooth model in vitro. In this study, we confirmed that a hypersensitivity tooth model from our preliminary experiment could be prepared by immersing dentin discs in an acetic acid-based solution with pH 5.0 for three days. Dentin discs with three days of demineralization were prepared and applied by one of the desensitizers containing calcium fluoro-alumino-silicate glass (Nanoseal, NS) or fluoro-zinc-silicate glass (Caredyne Shield, CS), followed by an additional three days of demineralization. Dentin discs for three days of demineralization (de3) and six days of demineralization (de6) without the desensitizers were also prepared. The dentin discs after the experimental protocol were scanned using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) to image the cross-sectional (2D) view of the samples and evaluate the SS-OCT signal. The signal intensity profiles of SS-OCT from the region of interest of 300, 500, and 700 µm in depth were obtained to calculate the integrated signal intensity and signal attenuation coefficient. The morphological differences and remaining chemical elements of the dentin discs were also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. SS-OCT images of CS and NS groups showed no obvious differences between the groups. However, SS-OCT signal profiles for both the CS and NS groups showed smaller attenuation coefficients and larger integrated signal intensities than those of the de6 group. Reactional deposits of the desensitizers even after the additional three days of demineralization were observed on the dentin surface in NS group, whereas remnants containing Zn were detected within the dentinal tubules in CS group. Consequently, both CS and NS groups showed inhibition effects against the additional three days of demineralization in this study. Our findings demonstrate that SS-OCT signal analysis can be used to monitor the dentin demineralization and inhibition effects of desensitizers against dentin demineralization in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Matsuzaki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Field of Study of Biofunctional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (S.O.); (K.Y.); (N.O.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-6672
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Field of Study of Biofunctional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (S.O.); (K.Y.); (N.O.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yasuo Shinno
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Field of Study of Biofunctional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (S.O.); (K.Y.); (N.O.); (M.Y.)
| | - Serina Ono
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Field of Study of Biofunctional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (S.O.); (K.Y.); (N.O.); (M.Y.)
| | - Kozo Yamaji
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Field of Study of Biofunctional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (S.O.); (K.Y.); (N.O.); (M.Y.)
| | - Naoko Ohara
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Field of Study of Biofunctional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (S.O.); (K.Y.); (N.O.); (M.Y.)
| | - Alireza Sadr
- Biomimetics Biomaterials Biophotonics Biomechanics & Technology Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USA;
| | - Yasunori Sumi
- Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases, Department for Advanced Dental Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Ger Ontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan;
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Yoshiyama
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Field of Study of Biofunctional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (S.O.); (K.Y.); (N.O.); (M.Y.)
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22
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Esteban O, Marcuello C, Martinez M, Lavilla L, Marco S, Ascaso FJ. Macular and choroidal thickness in Down syndrome by swept-source optical coherence tomography ( SS-OCT). Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2021; 96:S0365-6691(21)00054-X. [PMID: 33715915 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with certain structural and functional disorders in the whole visual system. The purpose was to compare retinal and choroidal thickness using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in DS subjects with controls. This cross-sectional study included 100 eyes of 52 DS subjects and 78 eyes of 39 matching age and axial length controls. Our results showed that inner or outer retinal and ganglionar thickness showed no significant differences between DS and control group (p>0.05). However, retinal foveal thickness (rFT), ganglion foveal thickness (gFT) were significantly higher in DS group than in controls, whereas choroidal foveal thickness (cFT) and some choroidal quadrants of inner and outer rings were significantly lower (p<0.05). This the first pilot study to provide information about macular and choroidal thicknesses in SD using SS-OCT compared to controls. Further analyses with larger numbers of subjects are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Esteban
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, España.
| | - C Marcuello
- Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
| | | | - L Lavilla
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España
| | - S Marco
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España
| | - F J Ascaso
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, España
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Kashiwa M, Shimada Y, Sadr A, Yoshiyama M, Sumi Y, Tagami J. Diagnosis of Occlusal Tooth Wear Using 3D Imaging of Optical Coherence Tomography Ex Vivo. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E6016. [PMID: 33113981 DOI: 10.3390/s20216016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the utility of 3D imaging of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the diagnosis of occlusal tooth wear ex vivo. Sixty-three extracted human molars with or without visible tooth wear were collected to take digital intraoral radiography and 3D OCT images. The degree of tooth wear was evaluated by 12 examiners and scored using 4-rank scale: 1-slight enamel wear; 2-distinct enamel wear; 3-tooth wear with slight dentin exposure; 4-tooth wear with distinct involvement of dentin. The degree of tooth wear was validated by the histological view of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic analysis were calculated. Diagnostic accuracy was compared with the agreement with CLSM observation using weighted kappa. The results were statistically analyzed at a significance level of α = 0.05. Three-dimensional OCT showed significantly higher sensitivity (p < 0.05) for all the diagnostic thresholds of enamel wear and dentin exposure than digital radiography (0.82, 0.85, and 0.79 vs. 0.56, 0.52, and 0.57, respectively). Three-dimensional OCT showed higher AUC and kappa coefficients than digital radiography (p < 0.05), where mean AUC and Kappa values were 0.95 and 0.76 for OCT and 0.92 and 0.47 for radiography, respectively. No significant difference of specificity was observed (p > 0.05). Three-dimensional OCT could visualize and estimate the degree of tooth wear and detect the dentin exposure at the tooth wear surface accurately and reproducibly. Consequently, a new guideline for tooth wear assessment can be proposed using OCT.
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Li T, Jia Y, Wang S, Xu Y, Yin Y, Wang A, Gao L, Xu X, Yang C, Zou H. Change in peripapillary and macular choroidal thickness change in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus without visual impairment or diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:e203-e211. [PMID: 31421015 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the characteristics of choroid thickness (CT) of the optic disc and macula in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without visual impairment and diabetic retinopathy (DR) and analyse associated factors. METHODS A square area of 6 × 6 mm around the centre of the optic disc and macula was scanned. The indices analysed mainly included CT at the macular centre (1 mm), and temporal, superior, nasal or inferior aspect of the inner ring (1-3 mm) and outer ring of (3-6 mm) optic disc and macula. Independent risk factors were analysed using multifactor linear regression. RESULTS A total of 44 children with T1DM and 48 healthy subjects were enrolled. The diabetic group showed significant increase in the inferior inner ring of parapapillary CT (100.99 ± 30.42 μm versus 89.41 ± 34.00 μm, p = 0.04) and nasal outer ring of parapapillary CT (157.02 ± 47.35 μm versus 131.15 ± 35.17 μm, p = 0.01) as compared to those values in the healthy controls. Spherical equivalent refraction and family history of hypertension are independent factors of both peripappillary choroid thickness (PPCT) and macular choroid thickness (PMCT). Spherical equivalent refraction (p = 0.01) and serum cholesterol (p = 0.03) were independent factors of the inferior inner ring of parapapillary CT, whereas family history of hypertension was an independent factor of the nasal outer ring of parapapillary CT (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION In children with diabetes without DR or visual impairment, the CT increase in nasal outer ring of parapapillary (PPNO) and the inferior inner ring of parapapillary (PPII) may be the characteristic pre-DR alteration at the early stage of DM. For children with higher serum cholesterol and family history of hypertension, the change of the nasal outer ring of parapapillary CT and the inferior inner ring of parapapillary CT may be more advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Shanghai General Hospital affliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases Shanghai China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology Children's Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Shanghai General Hospital affliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases Shanghai China
| | - Yi Xu
- Shanghai General Hospital affliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases Shanghai China
| | - Yao Yin
- Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Anken Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology Children's Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology Children's Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xian Xu
- Shanghai General Hospital affliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases Shanghai China
| | - Chenhao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology Children's Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Haidong Zou
- Shanghai General Hospital affliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases Shanghai China
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Alshahni RZ, Shimada Y, Zhou Y, Yoshiyama M, Sadr A, Sumi Y, Tagami J. Cavity adaptation of composite restorations prepared at crown and root: Optical assessment using SS-OCT. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:779-789. [PMID: 31341148 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of gap formation at the interfaces of a two-step self-etching adhesive with/without pre-etching was performed using sweptsource optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Round cavities were prepared in bovine incisors at the middle (MC) and cervical (CC) thirds of the crown and the cervical third of the root (CR). Clearfil SE bond was directly applied to one group (SE) and another (PA) was pretreated with K-etchant gel. Following restoration by flowable composite resin, the teeth were thermally challenged and stored for 2 months. Interfacial gaps observed in the cross-sectional OCT images were analyzed and the bottom cavities exhibited increased gaps compared to the margin and dentin-enamel junction (DEJ). The CR site had a larger gap than at MC and CC in the SE group. DEJ separation at the MC was significantly smaller than that at CC in both groups. Therefore, gap formation depends on the cavity region, location, and bonding protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Zakzuk Alshahni
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masahiro Yoshiyama
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Alireza Sadr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, School of Dentistry
| | - Yasunori Sumi
- Division of Oral and Dental Surgery, Department of Advanced Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Hospital for Geriatric Medicine
| | - Junji Tagami
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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26
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Kominami N, Shimada Y, Hosaka K, Luong MN, Yoshiyama M, Sadr A, Sumi Y, Tagami J. The effect of flowable composite lining and dentin location on microtensile bond strength and internal fracture formation. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:798-805. [PMID: 31341147 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of flowable composite lining and dentin location on internal dentin fracture formation in the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) test using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). MTBS test beams (1.0×1.0 mm) were prepared from human superficial and deep dentin, which was bonded with a self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond) and hybrid composite resin (Clearfil AP-X), with or without flowable lining (Clearfil Majesty ES-Flow). We tested 4 groups according to placement technique (with vs. without flowable liner) and dentin (superficial vs. deep) locations. Cross-sectional 2D images of the bonded interface were obtained before and after the MTBS test. Internal dentin fracture after MTBT was observed as a bright zone in SS-OCT. Flowable lining significantly reduced internal fracture formation in dentin (p<0.05). Dentin location significantly influenced MTBS (p<0.05), and this was reduced by flowable lining usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Kominami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Keiichi Hosaka
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Minh Nguyet Luong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City.,Biomimetics Biomaterials Biophotonics & Technology Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry
| | - Masahiro Yoshiyama
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Alireza Sadr
- Biomimetics Biomaterials Biophotonics & Technology Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry
| | - Yasunori Sumi
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Advanced Dental Research, Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Disease
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Komma S, Chhablani J, Ali MH, Garudadri CS, Senthil S. Comparison of peripapillary and subfoveal choroidal thickness in normal versus primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subjects using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and swept source optical coherence tomography ( SS-OCT). BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2019; 4:e000258. [PMID: 31414052 PMCID: PMC6668609 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To elucidate the difference between choroidal thickness (CT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal subjects and to compare the CT measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods and analysis This cross-sectional observational study included 25 eyes of 17 POAG subjects (cases) and 31 eyes of 20 normal subjects (controls). All the patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, enhanced depth imaging, SD-OCT and SS-OCT. In both controls and cases, the CT was measured in seven predetermined points in macular and peripapillary area and were compared. Results Choroid was significantly thicker on SS-OCT compared with SD-OCT in peripapillary and macular area in both cases and controls, except for inferior peripapillary in controls. The CT was not different from glaucoma and controls in peripapillary or macular area on SD-OCT (p>0.05), however, the CT was significantly thicker in glaucoma compared with controls in peripapillary area on SS-OCT (p<0.05) except inferior peripapillary (p=0.13). There was good intraobserver (±20 µm) and interobserver (±55 µm and ±45 µm) agreement on both SD-OCT and SS-OCT respectively. On SD-OCT, choroid was thinnest at the temporal peripapillary and thickest at subfoveal location in controls. In POAG, choroid was thinnest at inferior peripapillary region and thickest (500 µm) nasal to the fovea. On SS-OCT, choroid was thinnest at inferior peripapillary and thickest at the temporal peripapillary area in both cases and controls. Conclusion CT measurements on SS-OCT were higher than the SD-OCT measurements possibly due to better delineation of the sclerochoroidal junction on SS-OCT. CT was significantly thicker in glaucoma subjects compared with controls in peripapillary area on SS-OCT but not in macular area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Komma
- VST Center for Glaucoma, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jay Chhablani
- Vitreo-Retina, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Sirisha Senthil
- VST Center for Glaucoma, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Agarwal P, Roy S, Azad SV, Kumar V. Juxtapapillary Focal Choroidal Excavation. Indian J Ophthalmol 2019; 67:400-401. [PMID: 30777965 PMCID: PMC6407401 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1299_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Agarwal
- Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shayeri Roy
- Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shorya Vardhan Azad
- Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive diagnostic technique providing cross-sectional images of biologic structures based on the differences in tissue optical properties. OCT has been widely used in numerous clinical applications and is becoming popular as a promising technology in dentistry. Today, dental hard (tooth) and soft (hard palate mucosa and gingiva mucosa) tissues are visualized with OCT. With new developments in technology, the applications of OCT are being investigated in various fields in dentistry, such as to detect microleakage around restoration, tooth cracks/fractures, examination of periodontal tissues/pockets, early detection of oral cancerous tissues, and in endodontics for location of pulp canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujuta A Katkar
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, UT Health, School of Dentistry, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | | | - Bennett T Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science San Antonio, School of Dentistry, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Daniel Fried
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, USA
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Uramoto K, Shimada N, Takahashi H, Murai H, Shinohara K, Ohno-Matsui K. Suprachoroidal hemorrhage followed by swept-source optical coherence tomography: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:203. [PMID: 30126397 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To report a case of Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage followed by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography. Case presentation A 66-year-old woman with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in her left eye underwent pars plana vitrectomy. During the intraocular photocoagulation for a retinal tear after fluid-air exchange, a vitreous hemorrhage and suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH) developed. The surgical incisions were closed after filling the vitreous cavity with silicone oil. Two weeks later, the hemolyzed hemorrhage was removed, and new silicone oil was injected. After the surgery, a low reflective region was detected near the macula in the swept-source optical coherence tomographic (SS-OCT) images. The low reflective region was caused by the residual hemorrhage. The size of the reflective region gradually decreased and was not present at 3 months. We conclude that SS-OCT can be used to follow the resolution of a suprachoroidal hemorrhage. Conclusion SS-OCT can be used to detect and follow the natural course of a suprachoroidal hemorrhage including the absorptive processes.
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Gutierrez-Bonet R, Ruiz-Medrano J, Peña-Garcia P, Catanese M, Sadeghi Y, Hashemi K, Gabison E, Ruiz-Moreno JM. Macular Choroidal Thickening in Keratoconus Patients: Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Study. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2018; 7:15. [PMID: 29888113 PMCID: PMC5991807 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.7.3.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the choroidal thickness (CT) profile in keratoconus (KC) patients using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. One hundred two eyes of 52 KC patients were studied using Pentacam and SS-OCT. The macular CT profile was created by manually measuring the distance between the retinal pigment epithelium and the choroid-sclera junction on horizontal b-scans at nine different macular locations. The results were compared to 93 eyes of 93 healthy controls. Results Mean age of the KC group was 34.9 ± 13.5 years and mean axial length (AL) was 24.1 ± 1.3 mm. Mean topographic KC classification (TKC) was 2.0; 39 eyes were classified as early KC (TKC <1–2), 34 eyes as moderate (TKC 2, 2–3), and 29 as advanced (TKC 3+). Mean subfoveal CT was 383.2 μm in KC patients and 280.5 μm in control group (P < 0.001). CT in KC patients was statistically thicker in all measure locations (P < 0.001). CT in KC eyes decreased with age, approaching control group at >45 years old, losing statistical significance (P = 0.37). Conclusions CT in KC patients is statistically thicker than in healthy population. After age 45, CT decreases approaching control group values. Translational Relevance This study describes changes in the CT profile of KC patients, a disease that was considered purely corneal. These choroidal changes argue that KC is a disease that likely involves several ocular structures other than the cornea, and could open new research lines related to the pathophysiology of KC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Ruiz-Medrano
- Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Yalda Sadeghi
- Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katayoon Hashemi
- Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - José M Ruiz-Moreno
- Castilla-La Mancha University, Albacete, Spain.,Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Ravichandran NK, Wijesinghe RE, Lee SY, Shirazi MF, Jung HY, Jeon M, Kim J. In Vivo Non-Destructive Monitoring of Capsicum Annuum Seed Growth with Diverse NaCl Concentrations Using Optical Detection Technique. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:E2887. [PMID: 29231871 DOI: 10.3390/s17122887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a plausible optical tool for in vivo detection of plant seeds and its morphological changes during growth. To investigate the direct impact of salt stress on seed germination, the experiment was conducted using Capsicum annuum seeds that were treated with different molar concentrations of NaCl. To determine the optimal concentration for the seed growth, the seeds were monitored for nine consecutive days. In vivo two-dimensional OCT images of the treated seeds were obtained and compared with the images of seeds that were grown using sterile distilled water. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of using OCT for the proposed application. Normalized depth profile analysis was utilized to support the conclusions.
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Xin C, Chen X, Li M, Shi Y, Wang H, Wang R, Wang N. Imaging collector channel entrance with a new intraocular micro-probe swept-source optical coherence tomography. Acta Ophthalmol 2017; 95:602-607. [PMID: 28440591 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the use of a newly developed side-viewing catheter probe to provide the cross-sectional images of collector channel entrance (CCE), achieved by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). METHODS A side-viewing SS-OCT catheter probe was developed that has a core probe diameter of 0.15 mm and an outer diameter of 0.25 mm, for the purpose of imaging CCEs within eye globe. Cadaver eyes harvested from swine and human were used to demonstrate its feasibility. For porcine eyes, the probe imaged the CCE by accessing the region of the aqueous plexus (AP) as well as along the inner wall (IW) of the trabecular meshwork (TM). For human eyes, the CCE images were captured by placing the probe within the lumen of the Schlemm's canal (SC) and along its IW. RESULTS With the optical coherence tomography (OCT) catheter probe, the CCE is well delineated as optically empty areas within the highly scattering sclera. In porcine eyes, images captured in the region of the AP demonstrate a large cavity with delicate tissue strands around the probe. The CCE can be identified at the outer margin of the AP. When imaged along the IW, the TM is discernable but difficult to be distinguished from the AP. In the human limbal regions, when placed within the lumen of the SC, the catheter probe fully occupies the potential space. TM is highly compact. The CCE can be identified at the outer wall of the SC. When imaged along the IW of TM, the SC and CCE can be identified. CONCLUSION The intraocular SS-OCT catheter probe is feasible to provide the CCE images, indicating useful clinical applications to assist glaucoma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology; Xuzhou 1st Hospital; Jiangsu China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Huaizhou Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Ruikang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - Ningli Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
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Tabata T, Shimada Y, Sadr A, Tagami J, Sumi Y. Assessment of enamel cracks at adhesive cavosurface margin using three-dimensional swept-source optical coherence tomography. J Dent 2017; 61:28-32. [PMID: 28433536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) can construct cross-sectional images of internal biological structures. The aim of this study was to evaluate enamel cracks at the cavosurface margin of composite restorations using SS-OCT. METHODS Bowl-shaped cavities were prepared at two locations (mid-coronal and cervical regions) on the enamel surface of 60 bovine teeth. Half of the cavities (30) were treated with phosphoric acid gel. A two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond) was applied to all cavities and a flowable composite was placed in bulk. After 7days in water at 37°C, three-dimensional (3D) images of the specimens were obtained using SS-OCT, and cross-sectional views of the cavosurface margin were examined. Presence and extent of enamel cracks along the cavosurface margin circumference were evaluated using a 5-point scale. The results were statistically compared with Wilcoxon rank sum test with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS 3D SS-OCT could detect enamel cracks at the cavosurface margin of composite restorations. Cervical regions caused more enamel cracking than mid-coronal regions. Phosphoric acid etching increased the incidence of enamel cracks compared with the preparations without etching. CONCLUSION SS-OCT can be used to detect enamel cracks at the margins of composite restorations noninvasively. Presence and extent of enamel cracks depended on the enamel region and bonding protocol. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE SS-OCT can be used to detect enamel cracks at the margins of composite restorations noninvasively. Selective phosphoric acid etching of the enamel significantly increased the incidence of marginal cracks, especially in cervical preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tabata
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Oral Restitution Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Oral Restitution Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan; Department of Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan.
| | - Alireza Sadr
- Biomimetics Biomaterials Biophotonics & Technology Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, 1959 NE Pacific St. Box 357456, Seatle, WA, 98195-7456, USA
| | - Junji Tagami
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Oral Restitution Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sumi
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department for Advanced Dental Research, Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases, 36-3, Gengo, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
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Imamura H, Tabuchi H, Nakakura S, Nagasato D, Baba H, Kiuchi Y. Usability and reproducibility of tear meniscus values generated via swept-source optical coherence tomography and the slit lamp with a graticule method. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:679-686. [PMID: 28393321 PMCID: PMC5932105 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the usability and the reproducibility of the tear meniscus values via swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and the conventional slit lamp microscope method with a graticule. Methods The right eye was examined in 90 healthy adult subjects who were grouped according to age (group 1: 20–39 years; group 2: 40–59 years; group 3: ≥60 years). The tear meniscus height (TMH) and tear meniscus area were measured using SS-OCT and TMH by the slit lamp microscope method. The reproducibility of each method was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) in additionally enrolled 30 healthy young subjects. We also evaluated TMH at 3 mm from the corneal center in both temporal and nasal directions using SS-OCT. Results The mean of the TMH values measured by SS-OCT was significantly higher than those measured by the slit lamp method (328 vs. 212 μm, P < 0.001, respectively). High reproducibility was observed for each method (ICC > 0.75 for both). No statistically significant differences were found in TMH among the age groups using both SS-OCT and slit lamp methods (P = 0.985, 0.380, respectively). TMH values at both sides of the corneal center were significantly smaller than those at the corneal center (P < 0.0001). Conclusions TMH values obtained by the slit lamp method were lower than those obtained by SS-OCT. However, both methods yielded highly reproducible TMH measurements, suggesting that they are clinically useful. Tear meniscus values did not vary by age but by measurement points in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Imamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, 68-1, Aboshi Waku, Himeji, 671-1227, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Tabuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, 68-1, Aboshi Waku, Himeji, 671-1227, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakakura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, 68-1, Aboshi Waku, Himeji, 671-1227, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nagasato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, 68-1, Aboshi Waku, Himeji, 671-1227, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Baba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, 68-1, Aboshi Waku, Himeji, 671-1227, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kiuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Zafar S, Siddiqui MR, Shahzad R. Comparison of choroidal thickness measurements between spectral-domain OCT and swept-source OCT in normal and diseased eyes. Clin Ophthalmol 2016; 10:2271-2276. [PMID: 27881909 PMCID: PMC5115687 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s117022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) is affected in many ocular diseases. The aim of this study was to compare SFCT measurements between Topcon 3D 2000 spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and Topcon swept-source OCT (SS-OCT), with different laser wavelengths, in normal and diseased populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective, cross-sectional, noninterventional study including 27 normal volunteers and 27 participants with retinal disease. OCT scans were performed sequentially and under standardized conditions using both SD-OCT and SS-OCT. The OCT scans were evaluated by two independent graders. Paired t-tests and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the statistically significant difference between SFCT measurements as measured by the two devices. RESULTS Mean SFCT measurements for all 54 participants were 264.9±103.1 μm using SD-OCT (range: 47-470 μm) and 278.5±110.5 μm using SS-OCT (range: 56-502 μm), with an inter-device ICC of 0.850. Greater variability was noted in the diseased eyes. Inter-device ICCs were 0.870 (95% CI; 0.760-0.924) and 0.840 (95% CI; 0.654-0.930) for normal and diseased eyes, respectively. However, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.132). CONCLUSION Both machines reliably measure SFCT. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Zafar
- Medical College, Aga Khan University Hospital
| | - Ma Rehman Siddiqui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shahzad Eye Hospital; South City Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Wijesinghe RE, Lee SY, Kim P, Jung HY, Jeon M, Kim J. Optical Inspection and Morphological Analysis of Diospyros kaki Plant Leaves for the Detection of Circular Leaf Spot Disease. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:E1282. [PMID: 27529250 DOI: 10.3390/s16081282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of using the bio-photonic imaging technique to assess symptoms of circular leaf spot (CLS) disease in Diospyros kaki (persimmon) leaf samples was investigated. Leaf samples were selected from persimmon plantations and were categorized into three groups: healthy leaf samples, infected leaf samples, and healthy-looking leaf samples from infected trees. Visually non-identifiable reduction of the palisade parenchyma cell layer thickness is the main initial symptom, which occurs at the initial stage of the disease. Therefore, we established a non-destructive bio-photonic inspection method using a 1310 nm swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system. These results confirm that this method is able to identify morphological differences between healthy leaves from infected trees and leaves from healthy and infected trees. In addition, this method has the potential to generate significant cost savings and good control of CLS disease in persimmon fields.
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Zhou Y, Shimada Y, Matin K, Sadr A, Sumi Y, Tagami J. Assessment of bacterial demineralization around composite restorations using swept-source optical coherence tomography ( SS-OCT). Dent Mater 2016; 32:1177-88. [PMID: 27435052 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the bacterial demineralization of the enamel and dentin around composite restorations bonded with one-step and two-step self-etch adhesive systems using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). METHODS Forty class V cavities (2.5-mm surface diameter, 2.0-mm maximum depth) were prepared on cervical areas of 20 human molars. The specimens were either treated with one-step adhesive (Clearfil Tri-S Bond ND Quick; TS) or two-step adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond; SE), restored with a flowable resin composite (Estelite Flow Quick). Specimens in the demineralized group were incubated for 2 weeks after Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation, while specimens in the control group were incubated for 2 weeks without biofilms. After SS-OCT observation, specimens were cut and examined under confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The lesion depth (LD), interfacial gap depth (GD) and gap length (GL) obtained from SS-OCT and CLSM were analyzed by Pearson's correlation, LD by Independent-samples t-test, GD and GL by Welch t-test, the frequency of specimens with or without gap by Fisher's exact test at the 95% significant level. RESULTS Specimens with interfacial gaps in the demineralized group showed significantly higher frequency than that in the control group (p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between SS-OCT and CLSM values of LD, GD and GL (p<0.05). SE showed significantly larger LD of dentin, but less GD and GL of enamel than TS (p<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE SS-OCT nondestructively detected demineralization around composite restorations and interfacial gaps created by S. mutans biofilm in this in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Khairul Matin
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; Endowed Department of International Oral Health Science (affiliated with Department of Translational Research), School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Alireza Sadr
- Biomimetics Biomaterials Biophotonics & Technology Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357456, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USA
| | - Yasunori Sumi
- Division of Oral and Dental Surgery, Department for Advanced Dental Research, Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 36-3, Gengo, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Horie K, Shimada Y, Matin K, Ikeda M, Sadr A, Sumi Y, Tagami J. Monitoring of cariogenic demineralization at the enamel-composite interface using swept-source optical coherence tomography. Dent Mater 2016; 32:1103-12. [PMID: 27427292 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate enamel demineralization at composite restoration margins caused by cariogenic biofilm using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). METHODS Sixty round-shaped cavities were prepared on the mid-buccal enamel surface of extracted human molars. The cavities were restored with Estelite Flow Quick flowable composite using either Clearfil SE Bond or Clearfil Tri-S Bond ND bonding agents. Streptococcus mutans suspension was applied to form a cariogenic biofilm on the surface. After 1, 2, or 3 weeks of incubation (n=10), the biofilm was removed to observe the carious demineralization at the cavosurface margins using SS-OCT. The gap along the enamel-composite interface was recorded on each adhesive system. Confirmatory direct observation was accomplished at the same location using confocal laser scanning microscope. RESULTS The demineralized enamel around the restorations was observed as a zone of intensified brightness in SS-OCT. The demineralized lesion on the cervical enamel was significantly deeper than that on the occlusal enamel (p<0.05). However, the extension of enamel demineralization at the enamel-composite interface was significantly deeper at the occlusal wall than the cervical wall (p<0.05). The extension in Tri-S Bond ND group was significantly deeper than in SE Bond group (p<0.05). A significant increase in gap formation was found after the extension of demineralization compared with the baseline. SIGNIFICANCE The carious demineralization around composite restorations were observed as a bright zone in SS-OCT during the process of bacterial demineralization. SS-OCT appears to be a promising modality for the detection of caries adjacent to an existing restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Horie
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Khairul Matin
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; Endowed Department of International Oral Health Science, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Masaomi Ikeda
- Oral Prosthetic Engineering, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Alireza Sadr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357456, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USA
| | - Yasunori Sumi
- Department of Advanced Dental Research, Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Wada I, Shimada Y, Ikeda M, Sadr A, Nakashima S, Tagami J, Sumi Y. Clinical assessment of non carious cervical lesion using swept-source optical coherence tomography. J Biophotonics 2015; 8:846-854. [PMID: 25504772 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) involve various forms of tooth loss with different etiologies. This study aimed to utilize swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) at 1300 nm wavelength range in vitro and in vivo to evaluate and clarify the mechanism of NCCLs. In the in vitro phase, a dentin attenuation coefficient (μt ) derived from the SS-OCT signal at NCCL was compared with mineral loss obtained from transverse microradiography (TMR) to determine a μt threshold to discriminate demineralization of cervical dentin in vivo. In the clinical study, 242 buccal surfaces were investigated in 35 subjects. Presence and dimensions of NCCLs, cervical cracking and the degree of demineralization at the exposed cervical dentin were determined using SS-OCT. Dentin demineralization was observed in 69% of NCCLs. SS-OCT results confirm that dentin mineral loss and occlusal attrition were associated with larger NCCLs, and can be considered as an etiological factor in formation and progress of these lesions. (A) We determined the attenuation coeffcient (μt ) threshold of SS-OCT signal for the detection of demineralization (1.21) from in vitro study. DEM: demineralized dentin, sound: sound dentin. (B) Using the μt threshold, we observed NCCLs in vivo to detect the demineralization in cervical dentin. SS-OCT scanning was performed along the red line. (C) SS-OCT image obtained along the red line in B. In SS-OCT, brightness of dentin beneath the NCCL was increased (arrow) compared with intact zone. The cervical dentin was slightly demineralized (μt : 1.25). e: enamel, d: dentin, g: gingiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Wada
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masaomi Ikeda
- Clinical Oral Science, Department of Oral Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alireza Sadr
- International Exchange Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syozi Nakashima
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical Oral Science, Department of Oral Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sumi
- Division of Oral and Dental Surgery, Department of Advanced Medicine, National Hospital for Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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Shimada Y, Nakagawa H, Sadr A, Wada I, Nakajima M, Nikaido T, Otsuki M, Tagami J, Sumi Y. Noninvasive cross-sectional imaging of proximal caries using swept-source optical coherence tomography ( SS-OCT) in vivo. J Biophotonics 2014; 7:506-13. [PMID: 23450799 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of swept-source optical coherent tomography (SS-OCT) in detecting and estimating the depth of proximal caries in posterior teeth in vivo. SS-OCT images and bitewing radiographs were obtained from 86 proximal surfaces of 53 patients. Six examiners scored the locations according to a caries lesion depth scale (0-4) using SS-OCT and the radiographs. The results were compared with clinical observations obtained after the treatment. SS-OCT could detect the presence of proximal caries in tomograms that were synthesized based on the backscatter signal obtained from the proximal carious lesion through occlusal enamel. SS-OCT showed significantly higher sensitivity and larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve than radiographs for the detection of cavitated enamel lesions and dentin caries (Student's t -test, p < 0.05). SS-OCT appears to be a more reliable and accurate method than bitewing radiographs for the detection and estimation of the depth of proximal lesions in the clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Shimada
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ruiz-Medrano J, Flores-Moreno I, Peña-García P, Montero JA, Duker JS, Ruiz-Moreno JM. Macular choroidal thickness profile in a healthy population measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:3532-42. [PMID: 24845638 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine choroidal thickness (CT) profile in a healthy population using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). METHODS This was a cross-sectional, noninterventional study. A total of 276 eyes (spherical equivalent ± 3 diopters [D]) were scanned with SS-OCT. Horizontal CT profile of the macula was created measuring subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) from the posterior edge of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to the choroid-sclera junction. Three determinations were performed at successive points 1000 μm nasal and five more temporal to the fovea. Subjects were divided into five age groups. RESULTS The mean SFCT was 301.89 ± 80.53 μm (95% confidence interval: 292.34-311.43). The mean horizontal macular choroidal thickness (MCT) was 258.69 ± 64.59 μm (95% confidence interval: 251.04-266.35). No difference in CT was found between men and women. Mean SFCT of the different study groups was 325.6 ± 51.1 (0-10 years), 316.7 ± 90.1 (11-20 years), 313.9 ± 80.3 (21-40 years), 264.6 ± 79.3 (41-60 years), and 276.3 ± 88.8 μm in subjects older than 60 years (P < 0.001; ANOVA test). Mean horizontal MCT was 286.0 ± 43.5, 277.7 ± 68.2, 264.0 ± 61.9, 223.4 ± 62.2, and 229.7 ± 66.1 μm, respectively (P < 0.001; ANOVA test). The CT profile was different for each age group. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first population study of CT of healthy eyes across a broad range of age groups using SS-OCT. As has been determined using spectral-domain OCT, CT decreases with advancing age, especially after age 40. There were no differences due to sex. The greatest CT variation takes place in temporal sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ruiz-Medrano
- Clínico San Carlos University Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Peña-García
- Division of Ophthalmology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier A Montero
- Pío del Río Hortega University Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jay S Duker
- New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - José M Ruiz-Moreno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Castilla La Mancha University, Albacete, Spain Alicante Institute of Ophthalmology, Vissum, Vitreo-Retinal Unit, Alicante, Spain
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Thomas BJ, Galor A, Nanji AA, El Sayyad F, Wang J, Dubovy SR, Joag MG, Karp CL. Ultra high-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Ocul Surf 2013; 12:46-58. [PMID: 24439046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology has helped to usher in a new era of in vivo diagnostic imaging of the eye. The utilization of OCT for imaging of the anterior segment and ocular surface has evolved from time-domain devices to spectral-domain devices with greater penetrance and resolution, providing novel images of anterior segment pathology to assist in diagnosis and management of disease. Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is one such pathology that has proven demonstrable by certain anterior segment OCT machines, specifically the newer devices capable of performing ultra high-resolution OCT (UHR-OCT). Distinctive features of OSSN on high resolution OCT allow for diagnosis and differentiation from other ocular surface pathologies. Subtle findings on these images help to characterize the OSSN lesions beyond what is apparent with the clinical examination, providing guidance for clinical management. The purpose of this review is to examine the published literature on the utilization of UHR-OCT for the diagnosis and management of OSSN, as well as to report novel uses of this technology and potential directions for its future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Thomas
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Miami Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Afshan A Nanji
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Fouad El Sayyad
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sander R Dubovy
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Florida Lions Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Madhura G Joag
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carol L Karp
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
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