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Abstract
Over 2.6 million adults over the age of 65 develop delirium each year in the United States (US). Delirium is associated with a significant increase in mortality and the US health care costs associated with delirium are estimated at over $164 billion annually. Despite the prevalence of the condition, the molecular pathophysiology of delirium remains unexplained, limiting the development of pharmacotherapies. Delirious patients can be identified by prominent impairments in attention and working memory (WM), two cognitive domains that localize to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). The dlPFC is also a key site for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, and given the high risk of delirium in AD patients, suggests that efforts at understanding delirium might focus on the dlPFC as a final common endpoint for cognitive changes. Preclinical studies of the dlPFC reproduce many of the pharmacological observations made of delirious patients, including sensitivity to anticholinergics and an 'inverted U' pattern of dependence on monoaminergic input, with diminished performance outside a narrow range of signaling. Medications like guanfacine, which influence the dlPFC in the context of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), have emerged as therapies for delirium and motivate a detailed understanding of the influence of α-2 agonists on WM. In this review, I will discuss the neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms underlying WM and the function of the dlPFC. Localizing the cognitive deficits that are commonly seen in delirious patients may help identify new molecular targets for this highly prevalent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Lyman
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Chen Z, Stoukides DM, Tzanakakis ES. Light-Mediated Enhancement of Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Release of Optogenetically Engineered Human Pancreatic Beta-Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:825-836. [PMID: 38377949 PMCID: PMC10949932 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in exogenously delivered pancreatic β-cells is desirable, for example, to overcome the insulin resistance manifested in type 2 diabetes or to reduce the number of β-cells for supporting homeostasis of blood sugar in type 1 diabetes. Optogenetically engineered cells can potentiate their function with exposure to light. Given that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) mediates GSIS, we surmised that optoamplification of GSIS is feasible in human β-cells carrying a photoactivatable adenylyl cyclase (PAC). To this end, human EndoC-βH3 cells were engineered to express a blue-light-activated PAC, and a workflow was established combining the scalable manufacturing of pseudoislets (PIs) with efficient adenoviral transduction, resulting in over 80% of cells carrying PAC. Changes in intracellular cAMP and GSIS were determined with the photoactivation of PAC in vitro as well as after encapsulation and implantation in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. cAMP rapidly rose in β-cells expressing PAC with illumination and quickly declined upon its termination. Light-induced amplification in cAMP was concomitant with a greater than 2-fold GSIS vs β-cells without PAC in elevated glucose. The enhanced GSIS retained its biphasic pattern, and the rate of oxygen consumption remained unchanged. Diabetic mice receiving the engineered β-cell PIs exhibited improved glucose tolerance upon illumination compared to those kept in the dark or not receiving cells. The findings support the use of optogenetics for molecular customization of the β-cells toward better treatments for diabetes without the adverse effects of pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Chen
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Demetrios M. Stoukides
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Emmanuel S. Tzanakakis
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Department
of Developmental, Molecular and Cell Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
- Graduate
Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacology
and Drug Development, Tufts University School
of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
- Clinical
and Translational Science Institute, Tufts
Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
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Zhao X, Li W, Li X, Jia Z, Song S, Zhao Q. The Effect of Bacterial AHL on the Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Content in Plants According to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Molecules 2024; 29:1074. [PMID: 38474586 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important second messenger in cells, mediating various stimulation signals such as the growth and development of organisms and stress and participating in regulating various biological processes of cells. This article explores the quantitative determination of cAMP in plants using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and applies this method to analyzing the changes in cAMP content during the process of plant response to the bacterial quorum sensing signal N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL). Research has shown that the optimal detection conditions for HPLC are as follows: the chromatographic column is Venusil MP C18 (2), the mobile phase is methanol-water (0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) (v:v, 10:90), the detection wavelength is 259 nm, the column temperature is 35 °C, and the flow rate is 0.8 mL/min. The precision of the standard sample of this method is 98.21%, the precision of the sample is 98.87%, and the recovery rate is 101.067%. The optimal extraction conditions for cAMP in Arabidopsis are to use 15% methanol ultrasonic extraction for 10 min, followed by a 40 °C water bath for 4 h. Bacterial AHL signal processing can significantly stimulate an increase in cAMP levels in Arabidopsis leaves and roots. The establishment of HPLC detection methods for the cAMP content in plants is of great significance for in-depth research on the signal transduction mechanisms of plant-bacterial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Wen Li
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Xiliu Li
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Microbiological Control on Main Crop Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Shuishan Song
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Microbiological Control on Main Crop Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Microbiological Control on Main Crop Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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Refaie MMM, Fouli Gaber Ibrahim M, Fawzy MA, Abdel-Hakeem EA, Shaaban Mahmoud Abd El Rahman E, Zenhom NM, Shehata S. Molecular mechanisms mediate roflumilast protective effect against isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:650-662. [PMID: 37335038 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2222228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial necrosis is one of the most common cardiac and pathological diseases. Unfortunately, using the available medical treatment is not sufficient to rescue the myocardium. So that, we aimed in our model to study the possible cardioprotective effect of roflumilast (ROF) in an experimental model of induced myocardial injury using a toxic dose of isoprenaline (ISO) and detecting the role of vascular endothelial growth factor/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (VEGF/eNOS) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate/cyclic adenosine monophosphate/ sirtuin1 (cGMP/cAMP/SIRT1) signaling cascade. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were divided into five groups; control, ISO given group (150 mg/kg) i.p. on the 4th and 5th day, 3 ROF co-administered groups in different doses (0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/kg/day) for 5 days. RESULTS Our data revealed that ISO could induce cardiac toxicity as manifested by significant increases in troponin I, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and cleaved caspase-3 with toxic histopathological changes. Meanwhile, there were significant decreases in reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), VEGF, eNOS, cGMP, cAMP and SIRT1. However, co-administration of ROF showed significant improvement and normalization of ISO induced cardiac damage. CONCLUSION We concluded that ROF successfully reduced ISO induced myocardial injury and this could be attributed to modulation of PDE4, VEGF/eNOS and cGMP/cAMP/SIRT1 signaling pathways with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Atef Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | | | | | - Nagwa M Zenhom
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Sayed Shehata
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
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Wendlandt M, Kürten AJ, Beiersdorfer A, Schubert C, Samad-Yazdtchi K, Sauer J, Pinto MC, Schulz K, Friese MA, Gee CE, Hirnet D, Lohr C. A 2A adenosine receptor-driven cAMP signaling in olfactory bulb astrocytes is unaffected in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273837. [PMID: 38077336 PMCID: PMC10701430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cyclic nucleotide cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger, which is known to play an important anti-inflammatory role. Astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) can modulate inflammation but little is known about the significance of cAMP in their function. Methods We investigated cAMP dynamics in mouse olfactory bulb astrocytes in brain slices prepared from healthy and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. Results The purinergic receptor ligands adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) both induced transient increases in cAMP in astrocytes expressing the genetically encoded cAMP sensor Flamindo2. The A2A receptor antagonist ZM241385 inhibited the responses. Similar transient increases in astrocytic cAMP occurred when olfactory receptor neurons were stimulated electrically, resulting in ATP release from the stimulated axons that increased cAMP, again via A2A receptors. Notably, A2A-mediated responses to ATP and adenosine were not different in EAE mice as compared to healthy mice. Discussion Our results indicate that ATP, synaptically released by afferent axons in the olfactory bulb, is degraded to adenosine that acts on A2A receptors in astrocytes, thereby increasing the cytosolic cAMP concentration. However, this pathway is not altered in the olfactory bulb of EAE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Wendlandt
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alina J. Kürten
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Charlotte Schubert
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Jessica Sauer
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Carolina Pinto
- Institute of Synaptic Physiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Schulz
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A. Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine E. Gee
- Institute of Synaptic Physiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Hirnet
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Lohr
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Zhao Y, Namei E, Yang B, Bao X, Sun W, Subudeng G, Cao G, Li H, Wang G. Cyclic AMP mediates ovine cumulus-oocyte gap junctional function via balancing connexin 43 expression and phosphorylation. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:e230337. [PMID: 37855365 PMCID: PMC10620458 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Gap junction channels in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) enable the transmission and communication of small molecular signals between adjacent cells, such as cAMP. However, the regulation of gap junction function (GJF) by cAMP and the underlying mechanisms involved are not fully clarified. This study investigated the effect of cAMP on connexin 43 (CX43) expression and GJF in ovine COCs using immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and GJF detection. The CX43 was only found in the cumulus cells (CCs) side of ovine COC. The intra-oocyte cAMP showed a significant increase at 30 min, while the intra-CC cAMP exhibited two peaks at 10 min and 1 h during in vitro maturation (IVM). Phosphorylated CX43 protein exhibited an immediate increase at 10 min, and CX43 protein displayed two peaks at 10 min and 1 h during IVM. The duration of pre-IVM exposure to forskolin and IBMX significantly enhanced phosphorylated and total CX43, as well as Gja1 and Creb genes, for 10 min; these effects were counteracted by Rp-cAMP. Both pre-IVM with forskolin and IBMX for 1 h and the GJF and CX43/p-CX43 ratio were elevated. The closure of gap junction channels caused by phosphorylated CX43 to prevent cAMP outflow from oocytes in early IVM of COC. Cyclic AMP upregulated phosphorylated and total CX43 via genomic and non-genomic pathways, but its functional regulation was dependent on the balance of the two proteins. This study provides a new insight into the regulatory mechanism between cAMP and GJF, which would improve IVM in animal and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Erge Namei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Bingxue Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Xiangnan Bao
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot, PR China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy Industry, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Gerile Subudeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Guifang Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Haijun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Gui Wang
- Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction Research Center, Hetao College, Bayannur, PR China
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Gala B, Badge A, Bawaskar P, Gajbe U, Singh BR, Kohale M. The Potential of Theophylline and Pentoxifylline in Sperm Optimization and Its Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcomes. Cureus 2023; 15:e48192. [PMID: 38054131 PMCID: PMC10694395 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm motility is an essential selection criteria by embryologists at the time of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). One method of testing sperm viability is to induce sperm motility by increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels by treating a semen sample with phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs), such as theophylline and pentoxifylline. It explores the implications of PDEI in medical care, reflecting on its effects in clinical settings and recognizing potential topics for future exploration. This analysis revealed that by incorporating stimulants that activate movements, the time it took to single out sperms was markedly reduced, and consequently, the sperms were safeguarded from a prolonged period of oxidative stress. Furthermore, theophylline was found to advance sperm motility, consequently resulting in several initially immobile spermatozoa displaying rapid progressive motility. Higher fertilization rate, cleavage rate, good quality embryos (grade I), and higher biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates were found with artificial sperm activation (ASA) using pentoxifylline and theophylline. This review emphasizes the need for more research to evaluate the drug's long-term safety and investigate the effects of theophylline and pentoxifylline on postfertilization parameters, such as embryo development, implantation, and pregnancy outcomes. These areas of investigation are important for understanding the complete impact of these agents and to ensure their safe and effective implementation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavika Gala
- Clinical Embryology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Nagpur, IND
| | - Ankit Badge
- Microbiology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Nagpur, IND
| | - Pranita Bawaskar
- Clinical Embryology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Nagpur, IND
| | - Ujwal Gajbe
- Anatomy, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Nagpur, IND
| | - Brij Raj Singh
- Anatomy, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Nagpur, IND
| | - Mangesh Kohale
- Pathology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Nagpur, IND
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Domingo G, Marsoni M, Chiodaroli L, Fortunato S, Bracale M, De Pinto MC, Gehring C, Vannini C. Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals novel roles of cAMP in plants. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2300165. [PMID: 37264754 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is finally recognized as an essential signaling molecule in plants where cAMP-dependent processes include responses to hormones and environmental stimuli. To better understand the role of 3',5'-cAMP at the systems level, we have undertaken a phosphoproteomic analysis to elucidate the cAMP-dependent response of tobacco BY-2 cells. These cells overexpress a molecular "sponge" that buffers free intracellular cAMP level. The results show that, firstly, in vivo cAMP dampening profoundly affects the plant kinome and notably mitogen-activated protein kinases, receptor-like kinases, and calcium-dependent protein kinases, thereby modulating the cellular responses at the systems level. Secondly, buffering cAMP levels also affects mRNA processing through the modulation of the phosphorylation status of several RNA-binding proteins with roles in splicing, including many serine and arginine-rich proteins. Thirdly, cAMP-dependent phosphorylation targets appear to be conserved among plant species. Taken together, these findings are consistent with an ancient role of cAMP in mRNA processing and cellular programming and suggest that unperturbed cellular cAMP levels are essential for cellular homeostasis and signaling in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Domingo
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Milena Marsoni
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | | | - Marcella Bracale
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Chris Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Candida Vannini
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Sapkota G, Delgado E, VanLeeuwen D, Holguin FO, Flores N, Yao S. Preservation of Phenols, Antioxidant Activity, and Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate in Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Fruits with Different Drying Methods. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091804. [PMID: 37176863 PMCID: PMC10181298 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Jujube, commonly known as the Chinese date, is a nutritious fruit with medicinal importance. Fresh jujube fruits have a shelf life of about ten days in ambient conditions that can be extended by drying. However, nutrition preservation varies with the drying method and parameters selected. We studied total phenolic content (TPC), proanthocyanidins (PA), vitamin C, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and antioxidant activities in jujube fruits dried with freeze-drying (FD), convective oven drying (OD) at 50 °C, 60 °C, and 75 °C, and sun drying (SD) with FD as a control. The cultivars used for this study were 'Capri' and 'Xiang' from Las Cruces in 2019, and 'Sugarcane', 'Lang', and 'Sherwood' from Las Cruces and Los Lunas, New Mexico, in 2020. Freeze-drying had the highest of all nutrient components tested, the best estimates of mature jujube fruits' nutrient contents. Compared with FD, the majority of PA (96-99%) and vitamin C (90-93%) was lost during SD or OD processes. The retention rates of antioxidant activities: DPPH and FRAP were higher in OD at 50/60 °C than SD. SD retained a higher cAMP level than OD at 50/60 °C in both years. The increase in oven drying temperature from 60 °C to 75 °C significantly decreased TPC, PA, antioxidant activities, and cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Sapkota
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Efren Delgado
- Center of Excellence in Sustainable Food and Agricultural Systems, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Dawn VanLeeuwen
- Department of Economics, Applied Statistics, and International Business, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - F Omar Holguin
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Nancy Flores
- Department of Extension Family and Consumer Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Shengrui Yao
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
- Sustainable Agriculture Science Center, New Mexico State University, Alcalde, NM 87511, USA
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Miao Y, Peng L, Chen Z, Hu Y, Tao L, Yao Y, Wu Y, Yang D, Xu T. Recent advances of Phosphodiesterase 4B in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:121-132. [PMID: 36803246 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2183496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) is a crucial enzyme in the phosphodiesterases (PDEs), acting as a regulator of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). It is involved in cancer process through PDE4B/cAMP signaling pathway. Cancer occurs and develops with the regulation of PDE4B in the body, suggesting that PDE4B is a promising therapeutic target. AREAS COVERED This review covereed the function and mechanism of PDE4B in cancer. We summarized the possible clinical applications of PDE4B, and highlighted the possible ways to develop clinical applications of PDE4B inhibitors. We also discussed some common PDEs inhibitors, and expected the development of combined targeting PDE4B and other PDEs drugs in the future. EXPERT OPINION The existing research and clinical data can strongly prove the role of PDE4B in cancer. PDE4B inhibition can effectively increase cell apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, transformation, migration, etc., indicating that PDE4B inhibition can effectively inhibit the development of cancer. Other PDEs may antagonize or coordinate this effect. As for the further study on the relationship between PDE4B and other PDEs in cancer, it is still a challenge to develop multi-targeted PDEs inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li Peng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhaolin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Liangsong Tao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yincui Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dashuai Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Liu Z, Yuan Y, Wang L, Zhao X, Wang L, Wang L, Zhao Z, Zhao X, Chu Y, Gao Y, Yang F, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Liu M. Three Novel Adenylate Cyclase Genes Show Significant Biological Functions in Plant. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:1149-1161. [PMID: 36601683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adenylate cyclase is the key enzyme solely synthesizing cAMP which participates in cell metabolism regulations and functions as an intracellular second messenger. However, the biological functions of plant ACs have not been elucidated clearly for their poor conservative sequences and low detectable cAMP. We performed a systematic study of plant ACs by using Chinese jujube, whose fruit exhibits the highest cAMP content among plants. Three novel ACs were identified from Chinese jujube, and two types of methods including in vitro and in vivo were used to certificate ZjAC1-3 which can catalyze the conversion of ATP into cAMP. The biological functions of significant accelerations of seed germination, root growth, and flowering were found via overexpression of these AC genes in Arabidopsis, and these functions of ACs were further demonstrated by treating the AC-overexpressing transgenic lines and wild type Arabidopsis with bithionol and dibutyryl-cAMP. At last, transcriptome data revealed that the underlying mechanism of the biological functions of ACs might be regulation of the key genes involved in the circadian rhythm pathway and the hormone signal transduction pathway. This research established a foundation for further investigating plant AC genes and provided strong evidence for cAMP serving as a signaling molecule in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
- Jujube Industry Technology Research Institute of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
- "Dongzao" Research Institute of Zhanhua District, Binzhou, Shandong 256800, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Lihu Wang
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Yuetong Chu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Yaning Gao
- Beijing Pharma and Biotech Center, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Fangyuan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Yulu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
- Jujube Industry Technology Research Institute of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
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Li F, Kopajtic TA, Katz JL, Luo D, Prisinzano TE, Imler GH, Deschamps JR, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Enantiopure N-Substituted Ortho-c Oxide-Bridged 5-Phenylmorphans. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248808. [PMID: 36557961 PMCID: PMC9785231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of enantiopure stereoisomers of N-2-phenylcyclopropylmethyl-substituted ortho-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphans, the E and Z isomers of an N-cinnamyl moiety, and N-propyl enantiomers were based on combining the most potent oxide-bridged phenylmorphan (the ortho-c isomer) with the most potent N-substituent that we previously found with a 5-(3-hydroxy)phenylmorphan (i.e., N-2-phenylcyclopropyl methyl moieties, N-cinnamyl, and N-propyl substituents). The synthesis of the eight enantiopure N-2-phenylcyclopropylmethyl ortho-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphans and six additional enantiomers of the N-substituted ortho-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphans (N-E and Z-cinnamyl compounds, and N-propyl compounds) was accomplished. The synthesis started from common intermediates (3R,6aS,11aS)-10-methoxy-1,3,4,5,6,11a-hexahydro-2H-3,6a-methano-benzofuro[2,3-c]azocine (+)-6 and its enantiomer, (3S, 6aR, 11aR)-(-)-6, respectively. The enantiomers of ±-6 were obtained through salt formation with (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-p-methylmandelic acid, and the absolute configuration of the (R)-(-)-p-methylmandelate salt of (3S, 6aR, 11aR)-(-)-6 was determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The enantiomeric secondary amines were reacted with N-(2-phenylcyclopropyl)methyl derivatives, 2-(E)-cinnamyl bromide, and (Z)-3-phenylacrylic acid. These products led to all of the desired N-derivatives of the ortho-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphans. Their opioid receptor binding affinity was measured. The compounds with MOR affinity < 50 nM were examined for their functional activity in the forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation assay. Only the enantiomer of the N-phenethyl ortho-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphan ((-)-1), and only the (3S,6aR,11aR)-2-(((1S,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl)methyl)-1,3,4,5,6,11a-hexahydro-2H-3,6a-methanobenzofuro[2,3-c]azocin-10-ol isomer ((+)-17), and the N-phenylpropyl derivative ((-)-25) had opioid binding affinity < 50 nM. Both (-)-1 and (-)-25 were partial agonists in the cAMP assay, with the former showing high potency and low efficacy, and the latter with lower potency and less efficacy. Most interesting was the N-2-phenylcyclopropylmethyl (3S,6aR,11aR)-2-(1S,2S)-enantiomer ((+)-17). That compound had good MOR binding affinity (Ki = 11.9 nM) and was found to have naltrexone-like potency as a MOR antagonist (IC50 = 6.92 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Li
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Theresa A. Kopajtic
- Psychobiology Section, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Katz
- Psychobiology Section, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Thomas E. Prisinzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Gregory H. Imler
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Deschamps
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Arthur E. Jacobson
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
- Correspondence: (A.E.J.); (K.C.R.); Tel.: +1-301-451-5028 (A.E.J.); +1-301-451-4799 (K.C.R.)
| | - Kenner C. Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
- Correspondence: (A.E.J.); (K.C.R.); Tel.: +1-301-451-5028 (A.E.J.); +1-301-451-4799 (K.C.R.)
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Akram R, Anwar H, Javed MS, Rasul A, Imran A, Malik SA, Raza C, Khan IU, Sajid F, Iman T, Sun T, Han HS, Hussain G. Axonal Regeneration: Underlying Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2022; 10. [PMID: 36551942 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons in the peripheral nervous system have the ability to repair themselves after damage, whereas axons in the central nervous system are unable to do so. A common and important characteristic of damage to the spinal cord, brain, and peripheral nerves is the disruption of axonal regrowth. Interestingly, intrinsic growth factors play a significant role in the axonal regeneration of injured nerves. Various factors such as proteomic profile, microtubule stability, ribosomal location, and signalling pathways mark a line between the central and peripheral axons' capacity for self-renewal. Unfortunately, glial scar development, myelin-associated inhibitor molecules, lack of neurotrophic factors, and inflammatory reactions are among the factors that restrict axonal regeneration. Molecular pathways such as cAMP, MAPK, JAK/STAT, ATF3/CREB, BMP/SMAD, AKT/mTORC1/p70S6K, PI3K/AKT, GSK-3β/CLASP, BDNF/Trk, Ras/ERK, integrin/FAK, RhoA/ROCK/LIMK, and POSTN/integrin are activated after nerve injury and are considered significant players in axonal regeneration. In addition to the aforementioned pathways, growth factors, microRNAs, and astrocytes are also commendable participants in regeneration. In this review, we discuss the detailed mechanism of each pathway along with key players that can be potentially valuable targets to help achieve quick axonal healing. We also identify the prospective targets that could help close knowledge gaps in the molecular pathways underlying regeneration and shed light on the creation of more powerful strategies to encourage axonal regeneration after nervous system injury.
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Tesarik J, Mendoza-Tesarik R. Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A Central Player in Gamete Development and Fertilization, and Possible Target for Infertility Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315068. [PMID: 36499392 PMCID: PMC9736025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infertility, of both male and female origin, is often caused by the deficient response of the testis and the ovary to hormonal stimuli that govern sperm and oocyte development and fertilization. The effects of hormones and other extracellular ligands involved in these events are often mediated by G-protein-coupled receptors that employ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as the principal second messenger transducing the receptor-generated signal to downstream elements. This opinion article summarizes the actions of cAMP in sperm and oocyte development and fertilization, leading to therapeutic actions targeting cAMP metabolism to alleviate human male and female infertility.
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Villa V, Montalto G, Caudano F, Fedele E, Ricciarelli R. Selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4D increases tau phosphorylation at Ser214 residue. Biofactors 2022; 48:1111-1117. [PMID: 35561079 PMCID: PMC9790528 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tau is a protein that normally participates in the assembly and stability of microtubules. However, it can form intraneuronal hyperphosphorylated aggregates that are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders known as tauopathies. Tau can be phosphorylated by multiple kinases at several sites. Among such kinases, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates tau at Ser214 (pTAU-S214), an event that was shown to reduce the pathological assembly of the protein. Given that the neuronal cAMP/PKA-activated cascade is involved in synaptic plasticity and memory, and that cAMP-enhancing strategies demonstrated promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of cognitive deficits, we investigated the impact of cAMP on pTAU-S214 in N2a cells and rat hippocampal slices. Our results confirm that the activation of adenylyl cyclase increases pTAU-S214 in both model systems and, more interestingly, this effect is mimicked by GEBR-7b, a phosphodiesterase 4D inhibitor with proven pro-cognitive efficacy in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Villa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Giulia Montalto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Francesca Caudano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Ernesto Fedele
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
| | - Roberta Ricciarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
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Li W, Gu Y, Liu S, Ruan F, Lv W. GLP1R inhibits the progression of endometrial carcinoma through activation of cAMP/PKA pathway. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24604. [PMID: 35989517 PMCID: PMC9551121 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study strived to explore the role and mechanism of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP1R) in endometrial carcinoma (EC). Methods In detail, after transfection of GLP1R overexpression vector and small interfering RNA targeting PKA, the mRNA expressions of GLP1R and PKA in EC cells (Ishikawa and RL95‐2) were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The cell biological behaviors, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, were detected using 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU), wound healing, transwell, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content and related protein expressions (GLP1R, p‐PKA, and PKA) were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot. The effects of GLP1R and PKA on tumorigenesis were evaluated by measuring the tumor volume and weight of mice bearing EC. Result According to the results, GLP1R expression was downregulated in EC tissues and cells, and there was a positive correlation between GLP1R and PKA expressions. Upregulation of GLP1R promoted apoptosis and activated the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in EC cells, while hindering the EC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and the growth of tumor in mice. However, these effects were blunted by downregulation of PKA, which also accelerated the progression of EC in vitro and in vivo via inhibiting the activation of cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Conclusion Collectively, upregulation of GLP1R impeded EC progression via inducing the activation of cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, which may be a potential treatment for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Li
- Department of Gynaecology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanpin Gu
- Department of Gynaecology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songjun Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Ruan
- Department of Gynaecology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Lv
- Department of Gynaecology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Sang C, Bai Q, Feng X, Wu C, Liu Y, Gao Z, Long F. Optimized Extraction of cAMP From Jujube by Ultra-High Pressure Technology and the Anti-allergic Effect for Peanut Allergy Mouse. Front Nutr 2022; 9:862900. [PMID: 35719140 PMCID: PMC9199853 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.862900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Jujube contains abundant cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). In contrast, the extraction technology of cAMP from jujube is still to be explored. In this study, the ultra-high pressure extraction (UHPE) conditions for obtaining the maximum cAMP yield from jujube were optimized. Orthogonal array design (OAD) was applied to evaluate the effects of three variables (pressure, pressure-holding time, and liquid-to-solid ratio) by UHPE on cAMP yield. The results showed that the optimal cAMP yield (1223.2 μg/g) was derived at 300 MPa, 20 min duration, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 2.5 ml/g. In addition, as an important functional ingredient in jujube, cAMP has potential anti-allergic effect. To develop the functional characteristics of jujube, the effect of cAMP was characterized in vivo with the Balb/c mouse model of peanut allergy, which was established by subcutaneous injection of crude peanut protein extract (PN). The results showed that treatment with cAMP in PN-sensitized mice suppressed the lesions in jejunal tissues and allergic symptoms and restored spleen index. Meanwhile, cAMP treatment reduced serum levels of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine, as well as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and stimulated the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), whereas the serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) were not affected. Our results suggested that cAMP has an anti-allergic effect in PN-sensitized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Sang
- College of Food Science and Enginering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Qiao Bai
- College of Food Science and Enginering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaoping Feng
- College of Food Science and Enginering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chunyu Wu
- College of Food Science and Enginering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenpeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Enginering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Fangyu Long
- College of Food Science and Enginering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Xie R, Yang K, Tumukunde E, Guo Z, Zhang B, Liu Y, Zhuang Z, Yuan J, Wang S. Regulator of G Protein Signaling Contributes to the Development and Aflatoxin Biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus through the Regulation of Gα Activity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022;:e0024422. [PMID: 35638847 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00244-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-proteins play crucial roles in growth, asexual development, and pathogenicity of fungi. The regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins function as negative regulators of the G proteins to control the activities of GTPase in Gα subunits. In this study, we functionally characterized the six RGS proteins (i.e., RgsA, RgsB, RgsC, RgsD, RgsE, and FlbA) in the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus flavus. All the aforementioned RGS proteins were also found to be functionally different in conidiation, aflatoxin (AF) biosynthesis, and pathogenicity in A. flavus. Apart from FlbA, all other RGS proteins play a negative role in regulating both the synthesis of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and the activation of protein kinase A (PKA). Additionally, we also found that although RgsA and RgsE play a negative role in regulating the FadA-cAMP/PKA pathway, they function distinctly in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Similarly, RgsC is important for aflatoxin biosynthesis by negatively regulating the GanA-cAMP/PKA pathway. PkaA, which is the cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, also showed crucial influences on A. flavus phenotypes. Overall, our results demonstrated that RGS proteins play multiple roles in the development, pathogenicity, and AF biosynthesis in A. flavus through the regulation of Gα subunits and cAMP-PKA signals. IMPORTANCE RGS proteins, as crucial regulators of the G protein signaling pathway, are widely distributed in fungi, while little is known about their roles in Aspergillus flavus development and aflatoxin. In this study, we identified six RGS proteins in A. flavus and revealed that these proteins have important functions in the regulation of conidia, sclerotia, and aflatoxin formation. Our findings provide evidence that the RGS proteins function upstream of cAMP-PKA signaling by interacting with the Gα subunits (GanA and FadA). This study provides valuable information for controlling the contamination of A. flavus and mycotoxins produced by this fungus in pre- and postharvest of agricultural crops.
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Al-Ghafari A, Elmorsy EM, Doghaither HA, Fahmy E. Cyclic AMP and calcium signaling are involved in antipsychotic-induced diabetogenic effects in isolated pancreatic β cells of CD1 mice. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2022; 16:9-20. [PMID: 36101852 PMCID: PMC9441645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antipsychotics (APs) are medications used for different psychological disorders. They can introduce diabetogenic effects through different mechanisms, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and calcium (Ca2+) signaling pathways. However, this effect is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of three widely used APs (chlorpromazine, haloperidol, and clozapine) on cAMP and Ca2+ signaling. METHODS The local bioethics committee of Northern Border University approved the study. Pancreatic β-cells were isolated from male CD1 mice, and three drug stock solutions were made in different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM). The levels of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and cAMP as well as the activities of adenylyl cyclase (AC), cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), guanine-nucleotide exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac 1 and 2), Ca2+ mobilization, and Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) were then determined using different methods. RESULTS APs were found to be cytotoxic to pancreatic β cells and caused a parallel and significant decrease in GSIS. APs significantly reduced the levels of cAMP in the treated cells, with an associated reduction in ATP production, CaMKII, PKA, and transmembrane AC activities as well as Ca2+ mobilization to variable extents. In addition, the gene expression results showed that APs significantly decreased the expression of both the active subunits AC1 and AC8, the PKA α and β subunits, Epac1 and Epac2 as well as the four main subunits of CaMKII to variable extents. CONCLUSION AP-induced alterations in the cAMP and Ca2+ signaling pathways can play a significant role in their diabetogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Al-Ghafari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Scientific Research Center, Dar Al-Hekma University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekramy Mahmoud Elmorsy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Ekramy Mahmoud Elmorsy, Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt/Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia. Phone: +966501275835. E-mail:
| | - Huda Al Doghaither
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam Fahmy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
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Qi Y, Shi L, Duan G, Ma Y, Li P. Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid Increases cAMP Content via Specially Interacting with Bile Acid Receptor TGR5. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237066. [PMID: 34885648 PMCID: PMC8659238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) is one of the main components of bile acids (BAs). TCDCA has been reported as a signaling molecule, exerting anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. However, it is not well known whether those effects are mediated by TGR5. This study aimed to elucidate the interaction between TCDCA and TGR5. To achieve this aim, first, the TGR5 eukaryotic vector was constructed. The expression level of TGR5 in 293T cells was determined by immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR, qPCR), and Western blot. The luciferase assay, fluorescence microscopy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were recruited to check the interaction of TCDCA with TGR5. TCDCA treatment in 293T cells resulted in TGR5 internalization coupled with a significant increase in cAMP luciferase expression. Our results demonstrated that TCDCA was able to bind to the TGR5 receptor and activate it. These results provide an excellent potential therapeutic target for TCDCA research. Moreover, these findings also provide theoretical evidence for further TCDCA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Qi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China; (Y.Q.); (L.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010010, China
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Linkai Shi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China; (Y.Q.); (L.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010010, China
- Agricultural and Pastoral Bureau of Togtoh County, Togtoh 010200, China
| | - Guozhen Duan
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
| | - Yonggui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); or (P.L.)
| | - Peifeng Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China; (Y.Q.); (L.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010010, China
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); or (P.L.)
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21
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Liu Q, Tian R, Yu P, Shu M. miR-221/222 suppression induced by activation of the cAMP/PKA/CREB1 pathway is required for cAMP-induced bidirectional differentiation of glioma cells. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2829-2843. [PMID: 34687039 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Factors that increase cAMP levels can induce lineage-specific differentiation of glioma cells into astrocyte-like cells. However, the differentiation pattern and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we find that cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1)-induced miR-221/222 suppression contributes to the neuron-like differentiation of gliomas. cAMP agonists selectively induced neuron- and astrocyte-like but not oligodendrocyte-like differentiation of C6 glioma cells. PKA inhibitors and CREB1 knockout blocked neuron-like differentiation of glioma cells. cAMP inhibited miR-221/222 in a PKA/CREB1-dependent manner. Importantly, both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that transcriptional suppression of miR-221/222 is required for neuronal differentiation of glioma cells. Our findings suggest that increasing cAMP levels can induce bidirectional differentiation of glioma cells. Furthermore, the miR-221/222 cluster acts as an epigenetic brake during glioma differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruotong Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Panpan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minfeng Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Rodgers
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
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23
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Tong T, Wang Y, Kang SG, Huang K. Ectopic Odorant Receptor Responding to Flavor Compounds: Versatile Roles in Health and Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1314. [PMID: 34452275 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prompted by the ground-breaking discovery of the rodent odorant receptor (OR) gene family within the olfactory epithelium nearly 30 years ago, followed by that of OR genes in cells of the mammalian germ line, and potentiated by the identification of ORs throughout the body, our appreciation for ORs as general chemoreceptors responding to odorant compounds in the regulation of physiological or pathophysiological processes continues to expand. Ectopic ORs are now activated by a diversity of flavor compounds and are involved in diverse physiological phenomena varying from adipogenesis to myogenesis to hepatic lipid accumulation to serotonin secretion. In this review, we outline the key biological functions of the ectopic ORs responding to flavor compounds and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We also discuss research opportunities for utilizing ectopic ORs as therapeutic strategies in the treatment of human disease as well as challenges to be overcome in the future. The recognition of the potent function, signaling pathway, and pharmacology of ectopic ORs in diverse tissues and cell types, coupled with the fact that they belong to G protein-coupled receptors, a highly druggable protein family, unequivocally highlight the potential of ectopic ORs responding to flavor compounds, especially food-derived odorant compounds, as a promising therapeutic strategy for various diseases.
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Zhao H, Duan L. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate regulates connective tissue growth factor expression in myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211015586. [PMID: 34082585 PMCID: PMC8182188 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211015586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate regulation of the cyclic adenosine
monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway on connective tissue
growth factor (CTGF) during myocardial fibrosis (MF) in mice
after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods An MI mouse model was established and cardiac function indices were
detected by ultrasound. Quantitative reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to
determine CTGF and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)
cardiac expression. Mouse cardiac fibroblasts (MCFs) were used
to study the mechanism of MF after MI. Results Cardiac function indices were lower after MI. Cardiac function
indices were better in the MI + meglumine adenosine
cyclophosphate (MAC) group than in the MI group, and CTGF
expression in the MI + MAC group was downregulated. TGF-β1
expression was not different among the MI groups. Forskolin
increased intracellular cAMP levels and inhibited CTGF
expression in MCFs. Expression of p44/42 mitogen-activated
protein kinase (MAPK) was significantly lower in the
TGF-β1 + forskolin group than in the TGF-β1 group, while protein
kinase A was significantly upregulated. CTGF expression was
significantly lower in the TGF-β1 + forskolin + PD98509 group
than in the TGF-β1 + forskolin group. Conclusions This study shows that cAMP upregulates protein kinase A expression
through the p44/42MAPK signaling pathway and decreases
p44/42MAPK phosphorylation levels, inhibiting CTGF
expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Function, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Linan Duan
- The First Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
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25
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Wang X, Kang J, Liu Q, Tong T, Quan H. Fighting Diabetes Mellitus: Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological Approaches. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4992-5001. [PMID: 32723251 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200728144200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus confers heavy public health issues and points to a large medical need for effective and novel anti-diabetic approaches with negligible adverse effects. Developing effective and novel anti-diabetic approaches to curb diabetes is one of the most foremost scientific challenges. OBJECTIVES This article aims to provide an overview of current pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches available for the management of diabetes mellitus. METHODS Research articles that focused on pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for diabetes were collected from various search engines such as Science Direct and Scopus, using keywords like diabetes, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose homeostasis, etc. Results: We review in detail several key pathways and pharmacological targets (e.g., the G protein-coupled receptors- cyclic adenosine monophosphate, 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, sodium-glucose cotransporters 2, and peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor gamma signaling pathways) that are vital in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. The currently approved diabetes medications, the pharmacological potentials of naturally occurring compounds as promising interventions for diabetes, and the non-pharmacological methods designed to mitigate diabetes are summarized and discussed. CONCLUSION Pharmacological-based approaches such as insulin, metformin, sodium-glucose cotransporters 2 inhibitor, sulfonylureas, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors represent the most important strategies in diabetes management. These approved diabetes medications work via targeting the central signaling pathways related to the etiology of diabetes. Non-pharmacological approaches, including dietary modification, increased physical activity, and microbiota-based therapy are the other cornerstones for diabetes treatment. Pharmacological-based approaches may be incorporated when lifestyle modification alone is insufficient to achieve positive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinhong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Qing Liu
- Jilin Green Food Engineering Research Institute, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Tao Tong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Helong Quan
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 321004, China
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Li F, Li X, Su J, Li Y, He X, Chen L, Zhang Y. Hydrophilic molecularly imprinted polymers functionalized magnetic carbon nanotubes for selective extraction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate from winter jujube. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2131-2142. [PMID: 33721391 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a green strategy was developed to prepare molecularly imprinted polymers functionalized magnetic carbon nanotubes in aqueous phase under mild conditions for cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Thanks to water solubility of chitosan, a natural polysaccharide which is rich in amino and hydroxyl groups, provided the feasibility to synthesize the green molecularly imprinted polymers for water soluble template in aqueous media. Coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography, the method exhibited a short equilibrium time (6 min), high adsorption capacity (22.42 μg/mg), high magnetic susceptibility, and good selectivity to template molecule with the imprinting factor of 2.94. A good linearity in the range of 0.020-3.0 mg/mL for target was obtained with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The limit of detection (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) and limit of quantitation (signal-to-noise ratio = 10) of the magnetic solid phase extraction method for cyclic adenosine monophosphate were 5 and 15 ng/mg, respectively. And the practical application of chitosan-based molecularly imprinted polymers as adsorbent to isolate and determine cyclic adenosine monophosphate in real natural samples (winter jujube) was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yijun Li
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nankai University), Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiwen He
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Langxing Chen
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yukui Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
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27
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Rahardjo HE, Ückert S, Bannowsky A, Kuczyk MA, Kedia GT. Expression of Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Isoenzymes in the Human Male and Female Urethra. Res Rep Urol 2021; 13:139-145. [PMID: 33777854 PMCID: PMC7989682 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s291962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although it has been supposed that the NO/cyclic GMP system produces inhibitory signals to reduce the resistance of the bladder outlet and urethra during the micturition phase, little is known on the mechanisms controlling the function of urethral smooth muscle. The aim of the present study was to examine in the male and female urethra the expression of phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzymes, known as key proteins of the cyclic GMP/AMP signaling. Methods Urethral tissue was obtained from 4 female cadavers and 7 male patients (who had undergone gender reassignment surgery). The expression of mRNA encoding for PDE1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 4B, 4D, 5A, 10A and 11A was investigated by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot (WB) analysis was conducted to detect PDE isoenzymes. Results RT-PCR revealed relevant amounts of mRNA encoding for PDE1A, 2A, 4B, 5A, 10A and 11A in male and female urethral tissue. The expression of PDE1A, 2A, 4B and 10A was 2-fold higher in the female than in the male urethra, whereas the expression of PDE11A mRNA was 7-fold higher in the male tissue. In the WB experiments, immunosignals specific for PDE1A, PDE4A and 4B and PDE11A were of higher degree in the female than the male tissue specimens, while an almost equivocal expression of PDE2A, PDE5A and PDE10A was registered. Conclusion On the level of mRNA and function proteins, different patterns of expression of PDE isoenzymes were registered in human male and female urethra. Future studies may clarify whether inhibition of PDE isoenzymes is likely to facilitate the relaxation of the outflow region in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrina E Rahardjo
- Department of Urology, Universitas Indonesia School of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Hannover Medical School, Division of Surgery, Department of Urology & Urological Oncology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Ückert
- Hannover Medical School, Division of Surgery, Department of Urology & Urological Oncology, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Markus A Kuczyk
- Hannover Medical School, Division of Surgery, Department of Urology & Urological Oncology, Hannover, Germany
| | - George T Kedia
- Hannover Medical School, Division of Surgery, Department of Urology & Urological Oncology, Hannover, Germany.,DIAKOVERE GmbH, Friederikenstift Lutheran Hospital, Department of Urology, Hannover, Germany
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28
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Xia A, Qian M, Wang C, Huang Y, Liu Z, Ni L, Jin F. Optogenetic Modification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enables Controllable Twitching Motility and Host Infection. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:531-541. [PMID: 33667080 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important secondary messenger that controls carbon metabolism, type IVa pili biogenesis, and virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Precise manipulation of bacterial intracellular cAMP levels may enable tunable control of twitching motility or virulence, and optogenetic tools are attractive because they afford excellent spatiotemporal resolution and are easy to operate. Here, we developed an engineered P. aeruginosa strain (termed pactm) with light-dependent intracellular cAMP levels through introducing a photoactivated adenylate cyclase gene (bPAC) into bacteria. On blue light illumination, pactm displayed a 15-fold increase in the expression of the cAMP responsive promoter and an 8-fold increase in its twitching activity. The skin lesion area of nude mouse in a subcutaneous infection model after 2-day pactm inoculation was increased 14-fold by blue light, making pactm suitable for applications in controllable bacterial host infection. In addition, we achieved directional twitching motility of pactm colonies through localized light illumination, which will facilitate the studies of contact-dependent interactions between microbial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Mingjie Qian
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, JinZhai Road Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yajia Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Lei Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Fan Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, JinZhai Road Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
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Jeon HJ, Kim K, Kim C, Kim MJ, Kim TO, Lee SE. Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-Melanogenic Gedunin Derived from Neem Tree ( Azadirachta indica) Using B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells and Early-Stage Zebrafish. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10020330. [PMID: 33572083 PMCID: PMC7914499 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Melanogenesis represents a series of processes that produce melanin, a protective skin pigment (against ultraviolet rays), and determines human skin color. Chemicals reducing melanin production have always been in demand in the cosmetic market because of skincare interests, such as whitening. The main mechanism for inhibiting melanin production is the inhibition of tyrosinase (TYR), a key enzyme for melanogenesis. Here, we evaluated gedunin (Ged), a representative limonoid, for its anti-melanogenesis action. Melanin production in vitro was stimulated by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Ged reduced α-MSH-stimulated melanin production, inhibiting TYR activity and protein amount. We confirmed this result in vivo in a zebrafish model for melanogenesis. There was no sign of toxicity and malformation of zebrafish embryos during development in all treated concentrations. Ged reduced the number of produced zebrafish embryo pigment dots and melanin contents of embryos. The highly active concentration of Ged (100 µM) was much lower than the positive control, kojic acid (8 mM). Hence, Ged could be a fascinating candidate for anti-melanogenesis reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwang-Ju Jeon
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.-J.J.); (K.K.); (M.-J.K.)
| | - Kyeongnam Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.-J.J.); (K.K.); (M.-J.K.)
| | - Chaeeun Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.-J.J.); (K.K.); (M.-J.K.)
| | - Tae-Oh Kim
- College of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39253, Korea;
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.-J.J.); (K.K.); (M.-J.K.)
- Department of Integrative Biology Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-7768; Fax: +82-53-953-7233
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Bianchi M, Sivarajan R, Walles T, Hackenberg S, Steinke M. Susceptibility of primary human airway epithelial cells to Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin in two- and three-dimensional culture conditions. Innate Immun 2020; 27:89-98. [PMID: 33317363 PMCID: PMC7780358 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920979354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human pathogen Bordetella pertussis targets the respiratory epithelium and causes whooping cough. Its virulence factor adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) plays an important role in the course of infection. Previous studies on the impact of CyaA on human epithelial cells have been carried out using cell lines derived from the airways or the intestinal tract. Here, we investigated the interaction of CyaA and its enzymatically inactive but fully pore-forming toxoid CyaA-AC– with primary human airway epithelial cells (hAEC) derived from different anatomical sites (nose and tracheo-bronchial region) in two-dimensional culture conditions. To assess possible differences between the response of primary hAEC and respiratory cell lines directly, we included HBEC3-KT in our studies. In comparative analyses, we studied the impact of both the toxin and the toxoid on cell viability, intracellular cAMP concentration and IL-6 secretion. We found that the selected hAEC, which lack CD11b, were differentially susceptible to both CyaA and CyaA-AC–. HBEC3-KT appeared not to be suitable for subsequent analyses. Since the nasal epithelium first gets in contact with airborne pathogens, we further studied the effect of CyaA and its toxoid on the innate immunity of three-dimensional tissue models of the human nasal mucosa. The present study reveals first insights in toxin–cell interaction using primary hAEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bianchi
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rinu Sivarajan
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Walles
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Steinke
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
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31
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Liu C, Ke P, Zhang J, Zhang X, Chen X. Protein Kinase Inhibitor Peptide as a Tool to Specifically Inhibit Protein Kinase A. Front Physiol 2020; 11:574030. [PMID: 33324237 PMCID: PMC7723848 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.574030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase enzyme family plays a pivotal role in almost every aspect of cellular function, including cellular metabolism, division, proliferation, transcription, movement, and survival. Protein kinase A (PKA), whose activation is triggered by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), is widely distributed in various systems and tissues throughout the body and highly related to pathogenesis and progression of various kinds of diseases. The inhibition of PKA activation is essential for the study of PKA functions. Protein kinase inhibitor peptide (PKI) is a potent, heat-stable, and specific PKA inhibitor. It has been demonstrated that PKI can block PKA-mediated phosphorylase activation. Since then, researchers have a lot of knowledge about PKI. PKI is considered to be the most effective and specific method to inhibit PKA and is widely used in related research. In this review, we will first introduce the knowledge on the activation of PKA and mechanisms related on the inhibitory effects of PKI on PKA. Then, we will compare PKI-mediated PKA inhibition vs. several popular methods of PKA inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ke
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Kim J, Kim CS, Jo K, Lee IS, Kim JH, Kim JS. POCU1b, the n-Butanol Soluble Fraction of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix, Attenuates Obesity, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver, and Insulin Resistance via Inhibitions of Pancreatic Lipase, cAMP-Dependent PDE Activity, AMPK Activation, and SOCS-3 Suppression. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3612. [PMID: 33255404 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the n-BuOH soluble fraction of Polygoni Cuspidati 80% ethanol extract (POCU1b) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), and insulin resistance (IR) to find a safe and more effective agent. HPLC profiling of POCU1b identified seven marker compounds. POCU1b increased glycerol release, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level, and inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity. Seven weeks of POCU1b treatment decreased body weight gain, weight and adipocyte size in fat tissues, serum lipids, and triglyceride and lipid droplets in the livers of HFD-fed rats. POCU1b improved blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and impaired insulin secretion in the pancreas. Further, POCU1b ameliorated adiponectin, leptin, IL-6 and TNF-α levels, increased AMPK and p-ACC expression, activated CPT-1 activity, and suppressed FAS mRNA, SOCS-3 protein expression, and NF-κB DNA-binding activity. When compared with the Xenical®-treated group, a positive group, the action of POCU1b on body weight was more effective than that of Xenical. POCU1b did not show side effects, such as oily spotting and loss of appetite. These results suggest that POCU1b possesses therapeutic or preventive potential for obesity, NAFL and IR via inhibitions of pancreatic lipase and cAMP-dependent PDE activity, AMPK activation, and SOCS-3 suppression, without oily spotting and loss of appetite.
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33
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Schreiber R, Hollands R, Blokland A. A Mechanistic Rationale for PDE-4 Inhibitors to Treat Residual Cognitive Deficits in Acquired Brain Injury. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:188-201. [PMID: 31660837 PMCID: PMC7327948 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191010103044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) suffer from cognitive deficits that interfere significantly with their daily lives. These deficits are long-lasting and no treatment options are available. A better understanding of the mechanistic basis for these cognitive deficits is needed to develop novel treatments. Intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels are decreased in ABI. Herein, we focus on augmentation of cAMP by PDE4 inhibitors and the potentially synergistic mechanisms in traumatic brain injury. A major acute pathophysiological event in ABI is the breakdown of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Intracellular cAMP pathways are involved in the subsequent emergence of edema, inflammation and hyperexcitability. We propose that PDE4 inhibitors such as roflumilast can improve cognition by modulation of the activity in the cAMP-Phosphokinase A-Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (RAC1) inflammation pathway. In addition, PDE4 inhibitors can also directly enhance network plasticity and attenuate degenerative processes and cognitive dysfunction by increasing activity of the canonical cAMP/phosphokinase-A/cAMP Responsive Element Binding protein (cAMP/PKA/CREB) plasticity pathway. Doublecourtin and microtubule-associated protein 2 are generated following activation of the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway and are decreased or even absent after injury. Both proteins are involved in neuronal plasticity and may consist of viable markers to track these processes. It is concluded that PDE4 inhibitors may consist of a novel class of drugs for the treatment of residual symptoms in ABI attenuating the pathophysiological consequences of a BBB breakdown by their anti-inflammatory actions via the cAMP/PKA/RAC1 pathway and by increasing synaptic plasticity via the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Roflumilast improves cognition in young and elderly humans and would be an excellent candidate for a proof of concept study in ABI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Schreiber
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Section Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, PO BOX 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Romain Hollands
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Section Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, PO BOX 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Arjan Blokland
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Section Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, PO BOX 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
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Abbas G, Haq QMI, Hamaed A, Al-Sibani M, Hussain H. Glucagon and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptors: Promising Therapeutic Targets for an Effective Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:501-508. [PMID: 32003684 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200131143231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound proteins, which are responsible for the detection of extracellular stimuli and the origination of intracellular responses. Both glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors belong to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. Along with insulin, glucagon and GLP-1 are critical hormones for maintaining normal serum glucose within the human body. Glucagon generally plays its role in the liver through cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), where it compensates for the action of insulin. GLP-1 is secreted by the L-cells of the small intestine to stimulate insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon action. Despite extensive research efforts and the multiple approaches adopted, the glycemic control in the case of type-2 diabetes mellitus remains a major challenge. Therefore, a deep understanding of the structure-function relationship of these receptors will have great implications for future therapies in order to maintain a normal glucose level for an extended period of time. The antagonists of glucagon receptors that can effectively block the hepatic glucose production, as a result of glucagon action, are highly desirable for the tuning of the hyperglycemic state in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the same manner, GLP-1R agonists act as important treatment modalities, thanks to their multiple anti-diabetic actions to attain normal glucose levels. In this review article, the structural diversity of glucagon and GLP-1 receptors along with their signaling pathways, site-directed mutations and significance in drug discovery against type-2 diabetes are illustrated. Moreover, the promising non-peptide antagonists of glucagon receptor and agonists of GLP-1 receptor, for the management of diabetes are presented with elaboration on the structure-activity relationship (SAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Quazi M I Haq
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmad Hamaed
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Mohammed Al-Sibani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Salle) D-06120, Germany
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Xue Y, Wang Z, Wu H, Li X, Chen J, Lv Q. Cilostazol increases adenosine plasma concentration in patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 46:328-332. [PMID: 33052628 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Cilostazol is a specific and strong inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) type III which can suppress the platelet aggregation by increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. The clinical benefit of cilostazol in ACS patients suggested that the drug may have non-platelet-directed properties. Some in vitro and animal studies also indicated that the 'pleiotropic' properties of cilostazol might be related to the interaction with adenosine metabolism. Adenosine is an important regulatory metabolite and an inhibitor of platelet activation. However, no human study has been conducted to determine whether cilostazol could increase the adenosine plasma concentration in vivo. As a result, this study aimed to investigate the impact of cilostazol on adenosine plasma concentration (APC) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. METHODS We prospectively analysed 149 ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents. The included patients were divided into two groups according to the presence (cilostazol group, n = 64) or absence (aspirin group, n = 85) of aspirin intolerance. The inhibition of platelet aggregation (IPA), APC and cAMP concentration was measured. Patient characteristics, medications and 30-day clinical outcomes were examined. RESULTS Patients receiving cilostazol had a significantly higher adenosine and cAMP plasma concentration than patients receiving aspirin (3.00 ± 0.67 vs 2.56 ± 0.74 mol/L, P < .001; 28.10 ± 14.74 vs 20.48 ± 11.35 pmol/mL, P = .0014). Cilostazol was associated with a higher inhibition rate of ADP induced platelet aggregation than aspirin (63.35 ± 26.71 vs 52.2 ± 28.35, P = .036). The plasma levels of adenosine and cAMP showed a positive correlation with ADP induced platelet aggregation. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Cilostazol increases adenosine concentration compared with aspirin. Its potent antiplatelet effect in ACS patients may be partly mediated by adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoye Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianzhou Lv
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Sagata N, Kano SI, Ohgidani M, Inamine S, Sakai Y, Kato H, Masuda K, Nakahara T, Nakahara-Kido M, Ohga S, Furue M, Sawa A, Kanba S, Kato TA. Forskolin rapidly enhances neuron-like morphological change of directly induced-neuronal cells from neurofibromatosis type 1 patients. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2020; 40:396-400. [PMID: 33037790 PMCID: PMC7722681 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a multifaceted disease, and frequently comorbid with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and learning disorder. Dysfunction of adenylyl cyclase (AC) is one of the candidate pathways in abnormal development of neuronal cells in the brain of NF1 patients, while its dynamic abnormalities have not been observed. Direct conversion technology can generate induced‐neuronal (iN) cells directly from human fibroblasts within 2 weeks. Just recently, we have revealed that forskolin, an AC activator, rescues the gene expression pattern of iN cells derived from NF1 patients (NF1‐iN cells). In this microreport, we show the dynamic effect of forskolin on NF1‐iN cells. Methods iN cells derived from healthy control (HC‐iN cells) and NF1‐iN cells were treated with forskolin (final concentration 10 μM), respectively. Morphological changes of iN cells were captured by inverted microscope with CCD camera every 2 minutes for 90 minutes. Results Prior to forskolin treatment, neuron‐like spherical‐form cells were observed in HC‐iN cells, but most NF1‐iN cells were not spherical‐form but flatform. Only 20 minutes after forskolin treatment, the morphology of the iN cells were dramatically changed from flatform to spherical form, especially in NF1‐iN cells. Conclusion The present pilot data indicate that forskolin or AC activators may have therapeutic effects on the growth of neuronal cells in NF1 patients. Further translational research should be conducted to validate our pilot findings for future drug development of ASD. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is highly comorbid with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and learning disorder, and underlying mechanisms have not been well clarified. We herein showed that forskolin, an AC activator, rapidly enhances neuron‐like morphological change of directly induced‐neuronal (iN) cells from NF1 patients. The present pilot data using the direct conversion technology indicate that forskolin or AC activators may have therapeutic effects on the growth of neuronal cells in NF1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Sagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology & Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry, Mental Health, Neuroscience, and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Masahiro Ohgidani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shogo Inamine
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiji Masuda
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakahara
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makiko Nakahara-Kido
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Sawa
- Departments of Psychiatry, Mental Health, Neuroscience, and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shigenobu Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Huang M, Wu H, Wu J, Chen Q, Zou D, Xu D. Prevention of platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis using a modified Shenzhu Guanxin Formula. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520941326. [PMID: 33086881 PMCID: PMC7586491 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520941326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Modified Shenzhu Guanxin Formula (mSGF) has beneficial effects in coronary artery disease. Previously, we found that mSGF inhibited platelet aggregation in rats. In the present study we further investigated the antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of mSGF in rats. METHODS Rats were orally administered mSGF (4.2, 8.4, or 16.8 g crude drug/kg), the adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonist clopidogrel (7.875 mg/kg), or saline once a day for 7 days. The effects of mSGF on platelet aggregation were measured. Levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling were analyzed by ELISA and western blotting, respectively. The antithrombotic effect of mSGF was investigated using a FeCl3-induced carotid arterial thrombosis model and effects on bleeding time were assessed in a rat tail transection model. RESULTS mSGF significantly inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, elevated cAMP levels and inhibited phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and PI3K/protein kinase B (Akt). Moreover, mSGF dose-dependently inhibited thrombosis in a FeCl3-induced carotid arterial thrombus model and had a significantly smaller effect on bleeding time compared with clopidogrel. CONCLUSIONS mSGF represents a potent and safe antithrombotic agent whose antiplatelet activity is probably mediated through blockade of PI3K/Akt signaling and increased cAMP generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manting Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Huanlin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxiong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Dezhi Zou
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Danping Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Postdoctoral Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, P.R. China
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Göttel C, Niesen S, Daub V, Werle T, Bakuradze T, Winterhalter P, Richling E. In Vitro Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE 3B) by Anthocyanin-Rich Fruit Juice Extracts and Selected Anthocyanins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6934. [PMID: 32967310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are essential enzymes for the regulation of pathways mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Secondary plant compounds like anthocyanins (ACs) can inhibit PDE activity and, consequently, may be beneficial for lipid metabolism. This study investigated 18 AC-rich juice extracts and pure reference compounds from red fruits for potential inhibitory effects on PDE 3B activity. Extracts were obtained through adsorption on Amberlite® XAD 7 resin. Based on this screening, the chokeberry, blueberry, pomegranate, and cranberry extracts were active, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 163 ± 3 µg/mL to 180 ± 3 µg/mL. The ACs in these extracts, peonidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-arabinoside, were the most active single compounds (IC50 = 56 ± 20 µg/mL, 108 ± 6 µg/mL). All extracts comprised high amounts of phenolic compounds, as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, ranging from 39.8 ± 1.5 to 73.5 ± 4.8 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g extract. Pomegranate and chokeberry extracts exhibited the largest amounts of polyphenols (72.3 ± 0.7 g GAE/100 g, 70.6 ± 4.1 g GAE/100 g, respectively). Overall, our results showed that fruit juice extracts and their ACs can inhibit PDE activity. Any potential health benefits in vivo will be investigated in the future.
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Ma CL, Li L, Yang GM, Zhang ZB, Zhao YN, Zeng XF, Zhang DX, Yu Y, Shi ZJ, Yan QW, Li LH, Hong SJ. Neuroprotective effect of gastrodin in methamphetamine-induced apoptosis through regulating cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in cortical neuron. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1118-1129. [PMID: 32162539 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120911438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methamphetamine (MA) abuse induces neurotoxicity and causes neuronal cell apoptosis. Gastrodin is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used for the treatment of nerve injuries, spinal cord injuries, and some central nervous system diseases as well. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of gastrodin against MA-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cells and its potential protective mechanism. METHODS The primary cortex neuronal culture was divided into four groups (control group, MA group, MA + gastrodin group, and MA + gastrodin + small interfering RNA group). The neurotoxicity of MA was assessed by detecting apoptotic cells by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay and cell viability by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) method, the Tuj1-positive cells and the average axonal length were detected by immunofluorescence, and the expressions of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP-response element-binding (CREB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) proteins were detected by Western blot. RESULTS The results of CCK-8 assay showed that 0.5 mM MA was an optimal concentration that induced neurotoxicity (p < 0.01). Pretreatment with 25 mg/L gastrodin exerted maximum protective effects on neuronal cells. The expression levels of cAMP, PKA, phosphorylated PKA, CREB, phosphorylated CREB, and BDNF proteins were decreased in the MA group, and pretreatment with gastrodin upregulated the expression levels of these proteins (p < 0.01). The expressions of PKA and CREB proteins showed no significant changes in the control group, MA group, and gastrodin group. Compared the MA + gastrodin + small interfering RNA group with MA + gastrodin group, the Tuj1-positive cells and the average axonal length were decreased significantly, while the number of apoptotic cells was increased (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Gastrodin has neuroprotective effects against MA-induced neurotoxicity, which exerts neuroprotective effects via regulation of cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway and upregulates the expression of BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-L Ma
- The School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - L Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - G-M Yang
- The School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Z-B Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Animal, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-N Zhao
- School of International Education, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - X-F Zeng
- The School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - D-X Zhang
- The School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Z-J Shi
- The School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Q-W Yan
- The School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - L-H Li
- The School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - S-J Hong
- The School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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Simard M, Morin S, Rioux G, Séguin R, Loing E, Pouliot R. A Tissue-Engineered Human Psoriatic Skin Model to Investigate the Implication of cAMP in Psoriasis: Differential Impacts of Cholera Toxin and Isoproterenol on cAMP Levels of the Epidermis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155215. [PMID: 32717879 PMCID: PMC7432929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological and healthy skin models were reconstructed using similar culture conditions according to well-known tissue engineering protocols. For both models, cyclic nucleotide enhancers were used as additives to promote keratinocytes’ proliferation. Cholera toxin (CT) and isoproterenol (ISO), a beta-adrenergic agonist, are the most common cAMP stimulators recommended for cell culture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of either CT or ISO on the pathological characteristics of the dermatosis while producing a psoriatic skin model. Healthy and psoriatic skin substitutes were produced according to the self-assembly method of tissue engineering, using culture media supplemented with either CT (10−10 M) or ISO (10−6 M). Psoriatic substitutes produced with CT exhibited a more pronounced psoriatic phenotype than those produced with ISO. Indeed, the psoriatic substitutes produced with CT had the thickest epidermis, as well as contained the most proliferating cells and the most altered expression of involucrin, filaggrin, and keratin 10. Of the four conditions under study, psoriatic substitutes produced with CT had the highest levels of cAMP and enhanced expression of adenylate cyclase 9. Taken together, these results suggest that high levels of cAMP are linked to a stronger psoriatic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Simard
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (M.S.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (R.S.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sophie Morin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (M.S.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (R.S.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Geneviève Rioux
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (M.S.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (R.S.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Rachelle Séguin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (M.S.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (R.S.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Estelle Loing
- IFF-Lucas Meyer Cosmetics, Québec, QC G1V 4M6, Canada;
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (M.S.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (R.S.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-525-4444 (ext. 61706); Fax: +1-418-990-8248
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Baudet S, Bécret J, Nicol X. Approaches to Manipulate Ephrin-A:EphA Forward Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13070140. [PMID: 32629797 PMCID: PMC7407804 DOI: 10.3390/ph13070140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma A (EphA) receptors and their ephrin-A ligands are key players of developmental events shaping the mature organism. Their expression is mostly restricted to stem cell niches in adults but is reactivated in pathological conditions including lesions in the heart, lung, or nervous system. They are also often misregulated in tumors. A wide range of molecular tools enabling the manipulation of the ephrin-A:EphA system are available, ranging from small molecules to peptides and genetically-encoded strategies. Their mechanism is either direct, targeting EphA receptors, or indirect through the modification of intracellular downstream pathways. Approaches enabling manipulation of ephrin-A:EphA forward signaling for the dissection of its signaling cascade, the investigation of its physiological roles or the development of therapeutic strategies are summarized here.
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Wu XC, Han Z, Hao X, Zhao YT, Zhou CJ, Wen X, Liang CG. Combined use of dbcAMP and IBMX minimizes the damage induced by a long-term artificial meiotic arrest in mouse germinal vesicle oocytes. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:262-273. [PMID: 31943463 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE)-mediated reduction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) activity can initiate germinal vesicle (GV) breakdown in mammalian oocytes. It is crucial to maintain oocytes at the GV stage for a long period to analyze meiotic resumption in vitro. Meiotic resumption can be reversibly inhibited in isolated oocytes by cAMP modulator forskolin, cAMP analog dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP), or PDE inhibitors, milrinone (Mil), Cilostazol (CLZ), and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). However, these chemicals negatively affect oocyte development and maturation when used independently. Here, we used ICR mice to develop a model that could maintain GV-stage arrest with minimal toxic effects on subsequent oocyte and embryonic development. We identified optimal concentrations of forskolin, dbcAMP, Mil, CLZ, IBMX, and their combinations for inhibiting oocyte meiotic resumption. Adverse effects were assessed according to subsequent development potential, including meiotic resumption after washout, first polar body extrusion, early apoptosis, double-strand DNA breaks, mitochondrial distribution, adenosine triphosphate levels, and embryonic development. Incubation with a combination of 50.0 μM dbcAMP and 10.0 μM IBMX efficiently inhibited meiotic resumption in GV-stage oocytes, with low toxicity on subsequent oocyte maturation and embryonic development. This work proposes a novel method with reduced toxicity to effectively arrest and maintain mouse oocytes at the GV stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhe Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yi-Tong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Cheng-Guang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Ciranna L, Costa L. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Modulates Hippocampal Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity: New Therapeutic Suggestions for Fragile X Syndrome. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:524. [PMID: 31827422 PMCID: PMC6890831 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) modulates glutamatergic synaptic transmission and plasticity in the hippocampus, a brain area with a key role in learning and memory. In agreement, several studies have demonstrated that PACAP modulates learning in physiological conditions. Recent publications show reduced PACAP levels and/or alterations in PACAP receptor expression in different conditions associated with cognitive disability. It is noteworthy that PACAP administration rescued impaired synaptic plasticity and learning in animal models of aging, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's chorea. In this context, results from our laboratory demonstrate that PACAP rescued metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of a mouse model of fragile X syndrome (FXS), a genetic form of intellectual disability. PACAP is actively transported through the blood-brain barrier and reaches the brain following intranasal or intravenous administration. Besides, new studies have identified synthetic PACAP analog peptides with improved selectivity and pharmacokinetic properties with respect to the native peptide. Our review supports the shared idea that pharmacological activation of PACAP receptors might be beneficial for brain pathologies with cognitive disability. In addition, we suggest that the effects of PACAP treatment might be further studied as a possible therapy in FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ciranna
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lara Costa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Dikolayev V, Tuganbekov T, Nikolaev VO. Visualizing Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate in Cardiac Microdomains Involved in Ion Homeostasis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1406. [PMID: 31849691 PMCID: PMC6888371 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
3′,5′-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a key second messenger that regulates function of proteins involved in ion homeostasis and cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. Over the last decade, it has been increasingly appreciated that cAMP conveys its numerous effects by acting in discrete subcellular compartments or “microdomains.” In this mini review, we describe how such localized signals can be visualized in living cardiomyocytes to better understand cardiac physiology and disease. Special focus is made on targeted biosensors that can be used to resolve second messenger signals within nanometers of cardiac ion channels and transporters. Potential directions for future research and the translational importance of cAMP compartmentalization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Dikolayev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Surgical Diseases, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Turlybek Tuganbekov
- Department of Surgical Diseases, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Hamburg, Germany
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45
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Selyatitskaya VG, Afonnikova ED, Pal Chikova NA, Kuz Minova OI. [Hypercorticism during streptozotocin diabetes and mifepristone administration: the role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate]. Biomed Khim 2019; 65:311-315. [PMID: 31436172 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20196504311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It was studed basal and ACTH-stimulated production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and corticosteroid hormones (progesterone and corticosterone) in rat adrenals in vitro under streptozotocin diabetes, in conditions of mifepristone administration and their combination. It was shown that in streptozotocin diabetes animals, both the basal and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulated cAMP production significantly increased; this was accompanied by the increase in basal and ACTH-stimulated progesterone and corticosterone production in rat adrenals in vitro. Repeated administration of mifepristone to control and diabetic rats caused an increase mainly in ACTH-stimulated production of the main glucocorticoid hormone, corticosterone, without additional changes in the cAMP level. The results obtained suggest activation of two mechanisms of steroidogenesis enhancement in experimental animals. In rats with streptozotocin diabetes, both basal and ACTH-stimulated activity of all stages of steroidogenesis increase, which is mediated by the increased formation of cAMP as second messenger mediating the ACTH action on adrenocortical cells. Prolonged administration of mifepristone to control and diabetic rats resulted in increased activity of only late stages of steroidogenesis with predominant elevation of synthesis of physiologically active hormone corticosterone without additional changes in cAMP production level.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Selyatitskaya
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E D Afonnikova
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N A Pal Chikova
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O I Kuz Minova
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Sharma S, Zajac M, Krishnan Y. A DNA Aptamer for Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate that Shows Adaptive Recognition. Chembiochem 2019; 21:157-162. [PMID: 31099939 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a ubiquitous second messenger, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) mediates diverse biological processes such as cell growth, inflammation, and metabolism. The ability to probe these pathways would be significantly enhanced if we had a DNA-based sensor for cAMP. Herein, we describe a new, 31-base long single-stranded DNA aptamer for cAMP, denoted caDNApt-1, that was isolated by in vitro selection using systemic evolution of ligands after exponential enrichment (SELEX). caDNApt-1 has an approximately threefold higher affinity for cAMP than ATP, ADP, and AMP. Using non-denaturing gel electrophoresis and fluorescence spectroscopy, we characterized the structural changes caDNApt-1 undergoes upon binding to cAMP and revealed its potential as a cAMP sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Sharma
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Matthew Zajac
- Present address: Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, GCIS E305A, 929E, 57th Street, ., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, GCIS E305A, 929E, 57th Street, ., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and, Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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Okazaki S, Osawa R, Nakajima H, Nakajima K, Sano S. Favorable response to apremilast in a patient with refractory psoriasis verrucosa. J Dermatol 2019; 46:544-547. [PMID: 30957901 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 67-year-old man, who had been diagnosed with psoriasis 30 years prior, visited our hospital with a complaint of verrucous nodules in the lower legs, which had developed 15 years previously. We diagnosed him as having psoriasis verrucosa of the legs and plaque psoriasis of the torso. Because the lesions were resistant to topical glucocorticoids and vitamin D3 , a verrucous lesion in the right leg was treated with surgical ablation, which resulted in the development of generalized pustular psoriasis. After pustular lesions were cleared by systemic glucocorticoids and methotrexate, we treated him with etretinate and cyclosporin, but the verrucous lesions accompanied by chronic bacterial infection persisted over time. One year ago, treatment with recently-approved apremilast was started. It immediately attenuated the plaques and erythropapular lesions of the trunk. Surprisingly, the verrucous nodules of both legs showed reduction in size in 2 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Okazaki
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Risa Osawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Kimiko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Sano
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
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Sayner SL, Choi CS, Maulucci ME, Ramila KC, Zhou C, Scruggs AK, Yarbrough T, Blair LA, King JA, Seifert R, Kaever V, Bauer NN. Extracellular vesicles: another compartment for the second messenger, cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L691-L700. [PMID: 30758991 PMCID: PMC6483015 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00282.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The second messenger, cAMP, is highly compartmentalized to facilitate signaling specificity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are submicron, intact vesicles released from many cell types that can act as biomarkers or be involved in cell-to-cell communication. Although it is well recognized that EVs encapsulate functional proteins and RNAs/miRNAs, currently it is unclear whether cyclic nucleotides are encapsulated within EVs to provide an additional second messenger compartment. Using ultracentrifugation, EVs were isolated from the culture medium of unstimulated systemic and pulmonary endothelial cells. EVs were also isolated from pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) following stimulation of transmembrane adenylyl cyclase (AC) in the presence or absence of the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor rolipram over time. Whereas cAMP was detected in EVs isolated from endothelial cells derived from different vascular beds, it was highest in EVs isolated from PMVECs. Treatment of PMVECs with agents that increase near-membrane cAMP led to an increase in cAMP within corresponding EVs, yet there was no increase in EV number. Elevated cell cAMP, measured by whole cell measurements, peaked 15 min after treatment, yet in EVs the peak increase in cAMP was delayed until 60 min after cell stimulation. Cyclic AMP was also increased in EVs collected from the perfusate of isolated rat lungs stimulated with isoproterenol and rolipram, thus corroborating cell culture findings. When added to unperturbed confluent PMVECs, EVs containing elevated cAMP were not barrier disruptive like cytosolic cAMP but maintained monolayer resistance. In conclusion, PMVECs release EVs containing cAMP, providing an additional compartment to cAMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Sayner
- Department of Physiology Cell Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - Chung-Sik Choi
- Department of Physiology Cell Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - Marcy E Maulucci
- Department of Physiology Cell Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - K C Ramila
- Department of Physiology Cell Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - Chun Zhou
- Department of Physiology Cell Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - April K Scruggs
- Department of Physiology Pharmacology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - Thomas Yarbrough
- Department of Physiology Biochemistry, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - Leslie A Blair
- Department of Physiology Pharmacology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - Judy A King
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health , Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hanover Medical School , Hanover , Germany
| | - Volkhard Kaever
- Research Core Unit, Metabolomics, Hanover Medical School , Hanover , Germany
| | - Natalie N Bauer
- Department of Physiology Pharmacology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
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Kragstrup TW, Adams M, Lomholt S, Nielsen MA, Heftdal LD, Schafer P, Deleuran B. IL-12/IL-23p40 identified as a downstream target of apremilast in ex vivo models of arthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2019; 11:1759720X19828669. [PMID: 30833991 PMCID: PMC6391542 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x19828669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apremilast (Otezla®) is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor approved for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), but the reason why apremilast shows clinical effect is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to study the downstream effects of apremilast on cells of inflamed joints in immune-mediated inflammatory arthritis. METHODS Synovial fluid was obtained from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), PsA or peripheral spondyloarthritis (SpA; n = 18). The in vitro models consisted of synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) or fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLSs) cultured for 48 h, SFMCs cultured for 21 days, an osteoclast pit formation assay, and a mineralization assay. RESULTS In SFMCs cultured for 48 h, apremilast decreased the production of interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23p40 (the shared subunit of IL-12 and IL-23), colony-stimulating factor 1, CD6, and CD40 and increased the production of C-X-C motif chemokine 5 dose-dependently. Apremilast had a very different response signature compared with the tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor adalimumab with a substantially greater inhibition of IL-12/IL-23p40. In SFMCs cultured for 21 days, apremilast increased the secretion of IL-10. In FLS cultures, apremilast decreased matrix metalloproteinase-3 production. Apremilast decreased osteoclastogenesis but did not affect mineralization by human osteoblasts. CONCLUSION This study reveals the downstream effects of apremilast in ex vivo models of arthritis with a strong inhibition of IL-12/IL-23p40 by SFMCs. Our findings could explain some of the efficacy of apremilast seen in IL-12/IL-23-driven immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tue W. Kragstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mary Adams
- Department of Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - Søren Lomholt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | | | - Peter Schafer
- Department of Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
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50
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Cao LM, Dong ZQ, Li Q, Chen X. Treadmill training improves neurological deficits and suppresses neuronal apoptosis in cerebral ischemic stroke rats. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1387-1393. [PMID: 30964064 PMCID: PMC6524516 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.253523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rehabilitation training is believed to be beneficial to patients with stroke, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. Rat models of cerebral ischemic stroke were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, and then received treadmill training of different intensities, twice a day for 30 minutes for 1 week. Low-intensity training was conducted at 5 m/min, with a 10-minute running, 10-minute rest, and 10-minute running cycle. In the moderate-intensity training, the intensity gradually increased from 5 m/min to 10 m/min in 5 minutes, with the same rest cycle as above. In high-intensity training, the intensity gradually increased from 5 m/min to 25 m/min in 5 minutes, with the same rest cycle as above. The Bederson scale was used to evaluate the improvement of motor function. Infarct volume was detected using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining was applied to detect the apoptosis of nerve cells in brain tissue. Western blot assay was employed to analyze the activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling pathways in rat brain tissue. All training intensities reduced the neurological deficit score, infarct volume, and apoptosis in nerve cells in brain tissue of stroke rats. Training intensities activated the cAMP/protein kinase A and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta signaling pathways. This activation was more obvious with higher training intensities. These changes were reversed by intracerebroventricular injection of protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-cAMP. Our findings indicate that the neuroprotective effect of rehabilitation training is achieved via activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta signaling pathways. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Animal Experimentation in Shanghai No. 8 People’s Hospital, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 8 People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 8 People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 8 People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 8 People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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