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Ma XY, Chen MM, Meng LH. Second messenger 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP): the cell autonomous and non-autonomous roles in cancer progression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:890-899. [PMID: 38177693 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is frequently accumulated in cancer cells due to chromosomal instability or exogenous stimulation. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) acts as a cytosolic DNA sensor, which is activated upon binding to dsDNA to synthesize the crucial second messenger 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP) that in turn triggers stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling. The canonical role of cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway is essential for innate immunity and viral defense. Recent emerging evidence indicates that 2'3'-cGAMP plays an important role in cancer progression via cell autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. Beyond its role as an intracellular messenger to activate STING signaling in tumor cells, 2'3'-cGAMP also serves as an immunotransmitter produced by cancer cells to modulate the functions of non-tumor cells especially immune cells in the tumor microenvironment by activating STING signaling. In this review, we summarize the synthesis, transmission, and degradation of 2'3'-cGAMP as well as the dual functions of 2'3'-cGAMP in a STING-dependent manner. Additionally, we discuss the potential therapeutic strategies that harness the cGAMP-mediated antitumor response for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Ma
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Man-Man Chen
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ling-Hua Meng
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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2
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Grüschow S, McQuarrie S, Ackermann K, McMahon S, Bode B, Gloster T, White M. CRISPR antiphage defence mediated by the cyclic nucleotide-binding membrane protein Csx23. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:2761-2775. [PMID: 38471818 PMCID: PMC11014256 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas provides adaptive immunity in prokaryotes. Type III CRISPR systems detect invading RNA and activate the catalytic Cas10 subunit, which generates a range of nucleotide second messengers to signal infection. These molecules bind and activate a diverse range of effector proteins that provide immunity by degrading viral components and/or by disturbing key aspects of cellular metabolism to slow down viral replication. Here, we focus on the uncharacterised effector Csx23, which is widespread in Vibrio cholerae. Csx23 provides immunity against plasmids and phage when expressed in Escherichia coli along with its cognate type III CRISPR system. The Csx23 protein localises in the membrane using an N-terminal transmembrane α-helical domain and has a cytoplasmic C-terminal domain that binds cyclic tetra-adenylate (cA4), activating its defence function. Structural studies reveal a tetrameric structure with a novel fold that binds cA4 specifically. Using pulse EPR, we demonstrate that cA4 binding to the cytoplasmic domain of Csx23 results in a major perturbation of the transmembrane domain, consistent with the opening of a pore and/or disruption of membrane integrity. This work reveals a new class of cyclic nucleotide binding protein and provides key mechanistic detail on a membrane-associated CRISPR effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Grüschow
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Stuart McQuarrie
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Katrin Ackermann
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Chemistry, Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Stephen McMahon
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Bela E Bode
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Chemistry, Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Tracey M Gloster
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Malcolm F White
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
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3
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Lv Y, Huang X, Lee DJ. The second messenger (cyclic diguanylate and autoinducer-2) promotes N-acylated-homoserine lactones-based quorum sensing for enhanced recovery of stored aerobic granular sludge. Bioresour Technol 2024; 398:130479. [PMID: 38395232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Efficient quorum sensing (QS) response is the premise for recovering the activities of stored aerobic granular sludge (AGS). This study aims to explore the crosstalk between the secondary messenger and the N-acylated-homoserine lactones (AHLs) to yield protein-rich granules efficiently from stored AGS by enhancing its QS efficiency selectively. 80 nmol/L cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) with 20 nmol/L AHLs could increase the activity of isocitrate lyase activity (ICD) by 89 % and isocitrate dehydrogenase activity (ICDHc) by 113.5 %, to accelerate the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle for yielding excess proteins by 166.4 %. In contrast, 80 nmol/L autoinducer-2 (AI-2) with 20 nmol/L AHLs could increase the activities of ICD and ICDHc by 485 % and 54.5 %, respectively, accelerating the glyoxylate (GCA) cycle to activate fat acid synthesis for stimulating polysaccharides (PS) secretion by 137.9 %. The strategy with c-di-GMP successfully recovers the refrigerated-stored and dried-stored AGS into proteins-rich AGS, with enriched functional strains for the PN secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lv
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 1 Daxue Road, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 999077, Hong Kong.
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4
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Wang R, Zhang Z, Yu X, Song Y, Shentu X. CdgB Regulates Morphological Differentiation and Toyocamycin Production in Streptomyces diastatochromogenes 1628. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3878. [PMID: 38612686 PMCID: PMC11012013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bis (3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger that controls several metabolic pathways in bacteria. In Streptomyces, c-di-GMP is associated with morphological differentiation, which is related to secondary metabolite production. In this study, we identified and characterized a diguanylate cyclase (DGC), CdgB, from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes 1628, which may be involved in c-di-GMP synthesis, through genetic and biochemical analyses. To further investigate the role of CdgB, the cdgB-deleted mutant strain Δ-cdgB and the cdgB-overexpressing mutant strain O-cdgB were constructed by genetic engineering. A phenotypic analysis revealed that the O-cdgB colonies exhibited reduced mycelium formation, whereas the Δ-cdgB colonies displayed wrinkled surfaces and shriveled mycelia. Notably, O-cdgB demonstrated a significant increase in the toyocamycin (TM) yield by 47.3%, from 253 to 374 mg/L, within 10 days. This increase was accompanied by a 6.7% elevation in the intracellular concentration of c-di-GMP and a higher transcriptional level of the toy cluster within four days. Conversely, Δ-cdgB showed a lower c-di-GMP concentration (reduced by 6.2%) in vivo and a reduced toyocamycin production (decreased by 28.9%, from 253 to 180 mg/L) after 10 days. In addition, S. diastatochromogenes 1628 exhibited a slightly higher inhibitory effect against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum and Rhizoctonia solani compared to Δ-cdgB, but a lower inhibition rate than that of O-cdgB. The results imply that CdgB provides a foundational function for metabolism and the activation of secondary metabolism in S. diastatochromogenes 1628.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China (X.Y.)
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China (X.Y.)
| | - Yang Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China (X.Y.)
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuping Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China (X.Y.)
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Cheng T, Cheang QW, Xu L, Sheng S, Li Z, Shi Y, Zhang H, Pang LM, Liu DX, Yang L, Liang ZX, Wang J. A PilZ domain protein interacts with the transcriptional regulator HinK to regulate type VI secretion system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105741. [PMID: 38340793 PMCID: PMC10912698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Type VI secretion systems (T6SS) are bacterial macromolecular complexes that secrete effectors into target cells or the extracellular environment, leading to the demise of adjacent cells and providing a survival advantage. Although studies have shown that the T6SS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is regulated by the Quorum Sensing system and second messenger c-di-GMP, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that the c-di-GMP-binding adaptor protein PA0012 has a repressive effect on the expression of the T6SS HSI-I genes in P. aeruginosa PAO1. To probe the mechanism by which PA0012 (renamed TssZ, Type Six Secretion System -associated PilZ protein) regulates the expression of HSI-I genes, we conducted yeast two-hybrid screening and identified HinK, a LasR-type transcriptional regulator, as the binding partner of TssZ. The protein-protein interaction between HinK and TssZ was confirmed through co-immunoprecipitation assays. Further analysis suggested that the HinK-TssZ interaction was weakened at high c-di-GMP concentrations, contrary to the current paradigm wherein c-di-GMP enhances the interaction between PilZ proteins and their partners. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that the non-c-di-GMP-binding mutant TssZR5A/R9A interacts directly with HinK and prevents it from binding to the promoter of the quorum-sensing regulator pqsR. The functional connection between TssZ and HinK is further supported by observations that TssZ and HinK impact the swarming motility, pyocyanin production, and T6SS-mediated bacterial killing activity of P. aeruginosa in a PqsR-dependent manner. Together, these results unveil a novel regulatory mechanism wherein TssZ functions as an inhibitor that interacts with HinK to control gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfang Cheng
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wei Cheang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linghui Xu
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Sheng
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhaoting Li
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Mei Pang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhao-Xun Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Junxia Wang
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Johnson SC, Annamdevula NS, Leavesley SJ, Francis CM, Rich TC. Hyperspectral imaging and dynamic region of interest tracking approaches to quantify localized cAMP signals. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:191-203. [PMID: 38334148 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger known to orchestrate a myriad of cellular functions over a wide range of timescales. In the last 20 years, a variety of single-cell sensors have been developed to measure second messenger signals including cAMP, Ca2+, and the balance of kinase and phosphatase activities. These sensors utilize changes in fluorescence emission of an individual fluorophore or Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to detect changes in second messenger concentration. cAMP and kinase activity reporter probes have provided powerful tools for the study of localized signals. Studies relying on these and related probes have the potential to further revolutionize our understanding of G protein-coupled receptor signaling systems. Unfortunately, investigators have not been able to take full advantage of the potential of these probes due to the limited signal-to-noise ratio of the probes and the limited ability of standard epifluorescence and confocal microscope systems to simultaneously measure the distributions of multiple signals (e.g. cAMP, Ca2+, and changes in kinase activities) in real time. In this review, we focus on recently implemented strategies to overcome these limitations: hyperspectral imaging and adaptive thresholding approaches to track dynamic regions of interest (ROI). This combination of approaches increases signal-to-noise ratio and contrast, and allows identification of localized signals throughout cells. These in turn lead to the identification and quantification of intracellular signals with higher effective resolution. Hyperspectral imaging and dynamic ROI tracking approaches offer investigators additional tools with which to visualize and quantify multiplexed intracellular signaling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santina C Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, U.S.A
- Center for Lung Biology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, U.S.A
| | - Naga S Annamdevula
- Department of Pharmacology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, U.S.A
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, U.S.A
- Center for Lung Biology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, U.S.A
| | - Silas J Leavesley
- Department of Pharmacology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, U.S.A
- Center for Lung Biology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, U.S.A
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, U.S.A
| | - C Michael Francis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, U.S.A
- Center for Lung Biology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, U.S.A
| | - Thomas C Rich
- Department of Pharmacology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, U.S.A
- Center for Lung Biology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, U.S.A
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Petersen EN, Pavel MA, Hansen SS, Gudheti M, Wang H, Yuan Z, Murphy KR, Ja W, Ferris HA, Jorgensen E, Hansen SB. Mechanical activation of TWIK-related potassium channel by nanoscopic movement and rapid second messenger signaling. eLife 2024; 12:RP89465. [PMID: 38407149 PMCID: PMC10942622 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid conversion of force into a biological signal enables living cells to respond to mechanical forces in their environment. The force is believed to initially affect the plasma membrane and then alter the behavior of membrane proteins. Phospholipase D2 (PLD2) is a mechanosensitive enzyme that is regulated by a structured membrane-lipid site comprised of cholesterol and saturated ganglioside (GM1). Here we show stretch activation of TWIK-related K+ channel (TREK-1) is mechanically evoked by PLD2 and spatial patterning involving ordered GM1 and 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) clusters in mammalian cells. First, mechanical force deforms the ordered lipids, which disrupts the interaction of PLD2 with the GM1 lipids and allows a complex of TREK-1 and PLD2 to associate with PIP2 clusters. The association with PIP2 activates the enzyme, which produces the second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA) that gates the channel. Co-expression of catalytically inactive PLD2 inhibits TREK-1 stretch currents in a biological membrane. Cellular uptake of cholesterol inhibits TREK-1 currents in culture and depletion of cholesterol from astrocytes releases TREK-1 from GM1 lipids in mouse brain. Depletion of the PLD2 ortholog in flies results in hypersensitivity to mechanical force. We conclude PLD2 mechanosensitivity combines with TREK-1 ion permeability to elicit a mechanically evoked response.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nicholas Petersen
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, ScrippsJupiterUnited States
- Scripps Research Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Science, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps,JupiterUnited States
| | - Mahmud Arif Pavel
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, ScrippsJupiterUnited States
| | - Samuel S Hansen
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, ScrippsJupiterUnited States
| | - Manasa Gudheti
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Hao Wang
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, ScrippsJupiterUnited States
- Scripps Research Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Science, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps,JupiterUnited States
| | - Zixuan Yuan
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, ScrippsJupiterUnited States
- Scripps Research Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Science, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps,JupiterUnited States
| | - Keith R Murphy
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, ScrippsJupiterUnited States
- Center on Aging,The Scripps Research Institute, ScrippsJupiterUnited States
| | - William Ja
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, ScrippsJupiterUnited States
- Center on Aging,The Scripps Research Institute, ScrippsJupiterUnited States
| | - Heather A Ferris
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Erik Jorgensen
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Scott B Hansen
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, ScrippsJupiterUnited States
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Yu J, Zamani A, Goldsmith JR, Etwebi Z, Lee CN, Chen YH, Sun H. TIPE proteins control directed migration of human T cells by directing GPCR and lipid second messenger signaling. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:511-524. [PMID: 37952106 PMCID: PMC10890839 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue infiltration by circulating leukocytes via directed migration (also referred to as chemotaxis) is a common pathogenic mechanism of inflammatory diseases. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are essential for sensing chemokine gradients and directing the movement of leukocytes during immune responses. The tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 8-like (TIPE or TNFAIP8L) family of proteins are newly described pilot proteins that control directed migration of murine leukocytes. However, how leukocytes integrate site-specific directional cues, such as chemokine gradients, and utilize GPCR and TIPE proteins to make directional decisions are not well understood. Using both gene knockdown and biochemical methods, we demonstrated here that 2 human TIPE family members, TNFAIP8 and TIPE2, were essential for directed migration of human CD4+ T cells. T cells deficient in both of these proteins completely lost their directionality. TNFAIP8 interacted with the Gαi subunit of heterotrimeric (α, β, γ) G proteins, whereas TIPE2 bound to PIP2 and PIP3 to spatiotemporally control immune cell migration. Using deletion and site-directed mutagenesis, we established that Gαi interacted with TNFAIP8 through its C-terminal amino acids, and that TIPE2 protein interacted with PIP2 and PIP3 through its positively charged amino acids on the α0 helix and at the grip-like entrance. We also discovered that TIPE protein membrane translocation (i.e. crucial for sensing chemokine gradients) was dependent on PIP2. Collectively, our work describes a new mechanistic paradigm for how human T cells integrate GPCR and phospholipid signaling pathways to control directed migration. These findings have implications for therapeutically targeting TIPE proteins in human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ali Zamani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jason R Goldsmith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Zienab Etwebi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Chin Nien Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Youhai H Chen
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CAS Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Honghong Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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9
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Yang L, Wang L, Wang M, Bajinka O, Wu G, Qin L, Tan Y. Oligoribonuclease mediates high adaptability of P. aeruginosa through metabolic conversion. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:25. [PMID: 38238663 PMCID: PMC10797966 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligoribonuclease (orn) of P. aeruginosa is a highly conserved exonuclease, which can regulate the global gene expression levels of bacteria through regulation of both the nanoRNA and c-di-GMP. NanoRNA can regulate the expression of the bacterial global genome as a transcription initiator, and c-di-GMP is the most widely second messenger in bacterial cells. OBJECTIVE This study seeks to elucidate on the regulation by orn on pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa. METHODS P. aeruginosa with orn deletion was constructed by suicide plasmid homologous recombination method. The possible regulatory process of orn was analyzed by TMT quantitative labeling proteomics. Then experiments were conducted to verify the changes of Δorn on bacterial motility, virulence and biofilm formation. Bacterial pathogenicity was further detected in cell and animal skin trauma models. ELISA detection c-di-GMP concentration and colony aggregation and biofilm formation were observed by scanning electron microscope. RESULTS orn deletion changed the global metabolism of P. aeruginosa and reduced intracellular energy metabolism. It leads to the disorder of the quorum sensing system, the reduction of bacterial motility and virulence factors pyocyanin and rhamnolipids. But, orn deletion enhanced pathogenicity in vitro and in vivo, a high level of c-di-GMP and biofilm development of P. aeruginosa. CONCLUSION orn regulates the ability of P. aeruginosa to adapt to the external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Ousman Bajinka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
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10
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Jungfer K, Sigg A, Jinek M. Substrate selectivity and catalytic activation of the type III CRISPR ancillary nuclease Can2. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:462-473. [PMID: 38033326 PMCID: PMC10783487 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type III CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity against foreign mobile genetic elements through RNA-guided interference. Sequence-specific recognition of RNA targets by the type III effector complex triggers the generation of cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messengers that activate ancillary effector proteins, thus reinforcing the host immune response. The ancillary nuclease Can2 is activated by cyclic tetra-AMP (cA4); however, the mechanisms underlying cA4-mediated activation and substrate selectivity remain elusive. Here we report crystal structures of Thermoanaerobacter brockii Can2 (TbrCan2) in substrate- and product-bound complexes. We show that TbrCan2 is a single strand-selective DNase and RNase that binds substrates via a conserved SxTTS active site motif, and reveal molecular interactions underpinning its sequence preference for CA dinucleotides. Furthermore, we identify a molecular interaction relay linking the cA4 binding site and the nuclease catalytic site to enable divalent metal cation coordination and catalytic activation. These findings provide key insights into the molecular mechanisms of Can2 nucleases in type III CRISPR-Cas immunity and may guide their technological development for nucleic acid detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Jungfer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annina Sigg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Jinek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Takemasa E, Liu S. Screening of Ca 2+ Influx in Lymphocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2766:177-182. [PMID: 38270878 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3682-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The Ca2+ ion is an important second messenger in lymphocytes, similarly to its function in other mammalian cells. The generation of long-lasting intracellular Ca2+ elevations is essential for Ca2+-dependent gene transcription, proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production in lymphocytes. Since store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is considered the predominant mode of Ca2+ influx in lymphocytes, the activation and function of lymphocytes can be generally predicted by monitoring SOCE. A method suitable for dynamic monitoring of Ca2+ influx using fura-2 labeling in lymphocytes is introduced in this chapter. Using this technique, large-scale screening of the activation status of primary or cultured lymphocytes can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Takemasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
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12
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Santoro S, Bertoni G, Ferrara S. Fluorescence-based Evaluation of Cyclic di-GMP Levels in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2721:45-54. [PMID: 37819514 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3473-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to establish chronic infections is associated with an effective switch from a motile to a sessile lifestyle. This proficiency is controlled by intracellular levels of the second messenger bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). Targeting the c-di-GMP network could be a strategy to interfere with P. aeruginosa pathogenicity. Therefore, the development of tools to profile c-di-GMP intracellular levels is crucial. Here, we describe a protocol for the in vivo measurement of c-di-GMP levels in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Santoro
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertoni
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferrara
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Milano, Italy.
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13
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Lin TY, Mai QN, Zhang H, Wilson E, Chien HC, Yee SW, Giacomini KM, Olgin JE, Irannejad R. Cardiac contraction and relaxation are regulated by distinct subcellular cAMP pools. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:62-73. [PMID: 37474759 PMCID: PMC10746541 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Cells interpret a variety of signals through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and stimulate the generation of second messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). A long-standing puzzle is deciphering how GPCRs elicit different physiological responses despite generating similar levels of cAMP. We previously showed that some GPCRs generate cAMP from both the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus. Here we demonstrate that cardiomyocytes distinguish between subcellular cAMP inputs to elicit different physiological outputs. We show that generating cAMP from the Golgi leads to the regulation of a specific protein kinase A (PKA) target that increases the rate of cardiomyocyte relaxation. In contrast, cAMP generation from the plasma membrane activates a different PKA target that increases contractile force. We further validated the physiological consequences of these observations in intact zebrafish and mice. Thus, we demonstrate that the same GPCR acting through the same second messenger regulates cardiac contraction and relaxation dependent on its subcellular location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Lin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Quynh N Mai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily Wilson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Huan-Chieh Chien
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, California, CA, USA
| | - Sook Wah Yee
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, California, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, California, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Olgin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roshanak Irannejad
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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14
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Baca CF, Yu Y, Rostøl JT, Majumder P, Patel DJ, Marraffini LA. The CRISPR effector Cam1 mediates membrane depolarization for phage defence. Nature 2024; 625:797-804. [PMID: 38200316 PMCID: PMC10808066 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06902-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Prokaryotic type III CRISPR-Cas systems provide immunity against viruses and plasmids using CRISPR-associated Rossman fold (CARF) protein effectors1-5. Recognition of transcripts of these invaders with sequences that are complementary to CRISPR RNA guides leads to the production of cyclic oligoadenylate second messengers, which bind CARF domains and trigger the activity of an effector domain6,7. Whereas most effectors degrade host and invader nucleic acids, some are predicted to contain transmembrane helices without an enzymatic function. Whether and how these CARF-transmembrane helix fusion proteins facilitate the type III CRISPR-Cas immune response remains unknown. Here we investigate the role of cyclic oligoadenylate-activated membrane protein 1 (Cam1) during type III CRISPR immunity. Structural and biochemical analyses reveal that the CARF domains of a Cam1 dimer bind cyclic tetra-adenylate second messengers. In vivo, Cam1 localizes to the membrane, is predicted to form a tetrameric transmembrane pore, and provides defence against viral infection through the induction of membrane depolarization and growth arrest. These results reveal that CRISPR immunity does not always operate through the degradation of nucleic acids, but is instead mediated via a wider range of cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Baca
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Rockefeller University and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - You Yu
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jakob T Rostøl
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Puja Majumder
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dinshaw J Patel
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Luciano A Marraffini
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Kutsukake M, Kuwabara N, Miyate Y, Kudo K, Goto S, Taira E, Tachikawa E. Relationship between Ca 2+ and cAMP as second messengers in ACTH-induced cortisol production in bovine adrenal fasciculata cells. Endocr J 2023; 70:1123-1130. [PMID: 37793884 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej23-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In adrenal fasciculata cells stimulated by ACTH, Ca2+ and cAMP play indispensable roles as second messengers in cortisol production. However, whether their second messengers cooperatively or independently participate in steroid production remains unclear. We focused on the roles of Ca2+ and cAMP in cortisol production in bovine adrenal fasciculata cells stimulated by ACTH for a relatively short period (1 h). Incubation of the cells with 100 pM ACTH in Ca2+-containing (normal) medium for 1 h increased cortisol production without affecting cAMP content. In contrast, treatment of the cells with the peptide at a higher concentration (1 nM) significantly augmented both cortisol production and cAMP content. However, ACTH did not increase either of them in the Ca2+-free medium. ACTH rapidly increased the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the normal medium, but did not influence [Ca2+]i in the Ca2+-free medium, indicating that ACTH caused Ca2+ influx into the cells. ACTH-induced Ca2+ influx and cortisol production were suppressed by a voltage-sensitive L-type Ca2+ channel blocker but not by a T-type, N-type, or P-type Ca2+ channel blocker. In contrast, dibutyryl cAMP, a cell-permeable cAMP analog, greatly enhanced cortisol production in the normal or Ca2+-free medium and slowly caused Ca2+ influx into the cells. These results strongly suggest that Ca2+, as a second messenger, is more critical than cAMP for cortisol production. However, both second messengers jointly participate in the production in adrenal fasciculata cells stimulated by ACTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Kutsukake
- Unaduki Pharmacy, Toyama 938-0862, Japan
- Department of Endocrine & Neural Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Naoko Kuwabara
- Department of Endocrine & Neural Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
- Department of Bio-analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Miyate
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kenzo Kudo
- Division of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Shoko Goto
- Takizawa Laboratory Administration Section, Radioactive Waste Management Division, Japan Radioisotope Association, Iwate 020-0603, Japan
| | - Eiichi Taira
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tachikawa
- Department of Endocrine & Neural Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
- Division of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
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16
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Kang X, Zhao L, Liu X. Calcium Signaling and the Response to Heat Shock in Crop Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:324. [PMID: 38203495 PMCID: PMC10778685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change and the increasing frequency of high temperature (HT) events are significant threats to global crop yields. To address this, a comprehensive understanding of how plants respond to heat shock (HS) is essential. Signaling pathways involving calcium (Ca2+), a versatile second messenger in plants, encode information through temporal and spatial variations in ion concentration. Ca2+ is detected by Ca2+-sensing effectors, including channels and binding proteins, which trigger specific cellular responses. At elevated temperatures, the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+ in plant cells increases rapidly, making Ca2+ signals the earliest response to HS. In this review, we discuss the crucial role of Ca2+ signaling in raising plant thermotolerance, and we explore its multifaceted contributions to various aspects of the plant HS response (HSR).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liqun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China;
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China;
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17
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Hurley ME, Shah SS, Sheard TMD, Kirton HM, Steele DS, Gamper N, Jayasinghe I. Super-Resolution Analysis of the Origins of the Elementary Events of ER Calcium Release in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Cells 2023; 13:38. [PMID: 38201242 PMCID: PMC10778190 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Coordinated events of calcium (Ca2+) released from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are key second messengers in excitable cells. In pain-sensing dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, these events can be observed as Ca2+ sparks, produced by a combination of ryanodine receptors (RyR) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3R1). These microscopic signals offer the neuronal cells with a possible means of modulating the subplasmalemmal Ca2+ handling, initiating vesicular exocytosis. With super-resolution dSTORM and expansion microscopies, we visualised the nanoscale distributions of both RyR and IP3R1 that featured loosely organised clusters in the subplasmalemmal regions of cultured rat DRG somata. We adapted a novel correlative microscopy protocol to examine the nanoscale patterns of RyR and IP3R1 in the locality of each Ca2+ spark. We found that most subplasmalemmal sparks correlated with relatively small groups of RyR whilst larger sparks were often associated with larger groups of IP3R1. These data also showed spontaneous Ca2+ sparks in <30% of the subplasmalemmal cell area but consisted of both these channel species at a 3.8-5 times higher density than in nonactive regions of the cell. Taken together, these observations reveal distinct patterns and length scales of RyR and IP3R1 co-clustering at contact sites between the ER and the surface plasmalemma that encode the positions and the quantity of Ca2+ released at each Ca2+ spark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E. Hurley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Shihab S. Shah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas M. D. Sheard
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Hannah M. Kirton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Derek S. Steele
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nikita Gamper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Izzy Jayasinghe
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Biomedical Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney 2052, Australia
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18
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Wright MJ, Bai G. Bacterial second messenger cyclic di-AMP in streptococci. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:791-804. [PMID: 37898560 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) has been well studied in bacteria, including those of the genus Streptococcus, since the first recognition of this dinucleotide in 2008. Streptococci possess a sole diadenylate cyclase, CdaA, and distinct c-di-AMP phosphodiesterases. Interestingly, cdaA is required for viability of some streptococcal species but not all when streptococci are grown in standard laboratory media. Bacteria of this genus also have distinct c-di-AMP effector proteins, diverse c-di-AMP-signaling pathways, and subsequent biological outcomes. In streptococci, c-di-AMP may influence bacterial growth, morphology, biofilm formation, competence program, drug resistance, and bacterial pathogenesis. c-di-AMP secreted by streptococci has also been shown to interact with the mammalian host and induces immune responses including type I interferon production. In this review, we summarize the reported c-di-AMP networks in seven species of the genus Streptococcus, which cause diverse clinical manifestations, and propose future perspectives to investigate the signaling molecule in these streptococcal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wright
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Guangchun Bai
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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19
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Levy D. CGRP signalling in migraine: time to look downstream? Brain 2023; 146:4796-4798. [PMID: 37972256 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This scientific commentary refers to ‘Second messenger signalling bypasses CGRP receptor blockade to provoke migraine attacks in humans’ by Do et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awad261).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Levy
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Do TP, Deligianni C, Amirguliyev S, Snellman J, Lopez CL, Al-Karagholi MAM, Guo S, Ashina M. Second messenger signalling bypasses CGRP receptor blockade to provoke migraine attacks in humans. Brain 2023; 146:5224-5234. [PMID: 37540009 PMCID: PMC10690017 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several endogenous molecules that can trigger migraine attacks when administered to humans. Notably, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been identified as a key player in a signalling cascade involved in migraine attacks, acting through the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in various cells, including intracranial vascular smooth muscle cells. However, it remains unclear whether intracellular cAMP signalling requires CGRP receptor activation during a migraine attack in humans. To address this question, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial using a human provocation model involving the administration of CGRP and cilostazol in individuals with migraine pretreated with erenumab or placebo. Our study revealed that migraine attacks can be provoked in patients by cAMP-mediated mechanisms using cilostazol, even when the CGRP receptor is blocked by erenumab. Furthermore, the dilation of cranial arteries induced by cilostazol was not influenced by the CGRP receptor blockade. These findings provide clinical evidence that cAMP-evoked migraine attacks do not require CGRP receptor activation. This discovery opens up new possibilities for the development of mechanism-based drugs for the treatment of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Phu Do
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Deligianni
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarkhan Amirguliyev
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Cristina Lopez Lopez
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Song Guo
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Puertas-Umbert L, Alonso J, Hove-Madsen L, Martínez-González J, Rodríguez C. PDE4 Phosphodiesterases in Cardiovascular Diseases: Key Pathophysiological Players and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17017. [PMID: 38069339 PMCID: PMC10707411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger critically involved in the control of a myriad of processes with significant implications for vascular and cardiac cell function. The temporal and spatial compartmentalization of cAMP is governed by the activity of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), a superfamily of enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotides. Through the fine-tuning of cAMP signaling, PDE4 enzymes could play an important role in cardiac hypertrophy and arrhythmogenesis, while it decisively influences vascular homeostasis through the control of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and contraction, as well as regulating endothelial permeability, angiogenesis, monocyte/macrophage activation and cardiomyocyte function. This review summarizes the current knowledge and recent advances in understanding the contribution of the PDE4 subfamily to cardiovascular function and underscores the intricate challenges associated with targeting PDE4 enzymes as a therapeutic strategy for the management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Puertas-Umbert
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-U.); (J.A.); (L.H.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith Alonso
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-U.); (J.A.); (L.H.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leif Hove-Madsen
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-U.); (J.A.); (L.H.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Martínez-González
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-U.); (J.A.); (L.H.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-U.); (J.A.); (L.H.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Li X, Yin W, Lin JD, Zhang Y, Guo Q, Wang G, Chen X, Cui B, Wang M, Chen M, Li P, He YW, Qian W, Luo H, Zhang LH, Liu XW, Song S, Deng Y. Regulation of the physiology and virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum by the second messenger 2',3'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7654. [PMID: 37996405 PMCID: PMC10667535 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that bis-(3',5')-cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (bis-3',5'-c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger employed by bacteria. Here, we report that 2',3'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (2',3'-cGMP) controls the important biological functions, quorum sensing (QS) signaling systems and virulence in Ralstonia solanacearum through the transcriptional regulator RSp0980. This signal specifically binds to RSp0980 with high affinity and thus abolishes the interaction between RSp0980 and the promoters of target genes. In-frame deletion of RSp0334, which contains an evolved GGDEF domain with a LLARLGGDQF motif required to catalyze 2',3'-cGMP to (2',5')(3',5')-cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (2',3'-c-di-GMP), altered the abovementioned important phenotypes through increasing the intracellular 2',3'-cGMP levels. Furthermore, we found that 2',3'-cGMP, its receptor and the evolved GGDEF domain with a LLARLGGDEF motif also exist in the human pathogen Salmonella typhimurium. Together, our work provides insights into the unusual function of the GGDEF domain of RSp0334 and the special regulatory mechanism of 2',3'-cGMP signal in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenfang Yin
- Integrative Microbiology Research Center, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Desmond Lin
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quan Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gerun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiayu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binbin Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingfang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Ya-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institution of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lian-Hui Zhang
- Integrative Microbiology Research Center, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shihao Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
| | - Yinyue Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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23
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Li S, Liu Q, Duan C, Li J, Sun H, Xu L, Yang Q, Wang Y, Shen X, Zhang L. c-di-GMP inhibits the DNA binding activity of H-NS in Salmonella. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7502. [PMID: 37980414 PMCID: PMC10657408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that transduces extracellular stimuli into cellular responses and regulates various biological processes in bacteria. H-NS is a global regulatory protein that represses expression of many genes, but how H-NS activity is modulated by environmental signals remains largely unclear. Here, we show that high intracellular c-di-GMP levels, induced by environmental cues, relieve H-NS-mediated transcriptional silencing in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. We find that c-di-GMP binds to the H-NS protein to inhibit its binding to DNA, thus derepressing genes silenced by H-NS. However, c-di-GMP is unable to displace H-NS from DNA. In addition, a K107A mutation in H-NS abolishes response to c-di-GMP but leaves its DNA binding activity unaffected in vivo. Our results thus suggest a mechanism by which H-NS acts as an environment-sensing regulator in Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qinmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chongyi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jialin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hengxi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- ABI Group, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
- Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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24
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Schumacher MA, Lent N, Chen VB, Salinas R. Structures of the DarR transcription regulator reveal unique modes of second messenger and DNA binding. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7239. [PMID: 37945601 PMCID: PMC10636190 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mycobacterial repressor, DarR, a TetR family regulator (TFR), was the first transcription regulator shown to bind c-di-AMP. However, the molecular basis for this interaction and the mechanism involved in DNA binding by DarR remain unknown. Here we describe DarR-c-di-AMP and DarR-DNA structures and complementary biochemical assays. The DarR-c-di-AMP structure reveals a unique effector binding site for a TFR, located between DarR dimer subunits. Strikingly, we show this motif also binds cAMP. The location of the adenine nucleotide binding site between subunits suggests this interaction may facilitate dimerization and hence DNA binding. Indeed, biochemical assays show cAMP enhances DarR DNA binding. Finally, DarR-DNA structures reveal a distinct TFR DNA-binding mechanism involving two interacting dimers on the DNA. Thus, the combined data unveil a newly described second messenger binding motif and DNA binding mode for this important family of regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Schumacher
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Nicholas Lent
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Vincent B Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Raul Salinas
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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25
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Yoon HJ, Price BE, Parks RK, Ahn SJ, Choi MY. Diuretic hormone 31 activates two G protein-coupled receptors with differential second messengers for diuresis in Drosophila suzukii. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 162:104025. [PMID: 37813200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Diuretic hormones (DHs) bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), regulating water and ion balance to maintain homeostasis in animals. Two distinct DHs are known in insects: calcitonin (CT)-like DH31 and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like DH44. In this study, we identified and characterized DH31 and two DH31 GPCR variants, DH31-Ra and DH31-Rb, from spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, a globally prevalent vinegar fly causing severe damage to small fruits. Both GPCRs are active, but DH31-Ra is the dominant receptor based on gene expression analyses and DH31 peptide binding affinities. A notable difference between the two variants lies in 1) the GPCR structures of their C-termini and 2) the utilization of second messengers, and the amino acid sequences of the two variants are identical. DH31-Ra contains 12 additional amino acids, providing different intracellular C-terminal configurations. DH31-Ra utilizes both cAMP and Ca2+ as second messengers, whereas DH31-Rb utilizes only cAMP; this is the first time reported for an insect CT-like DH31 peptide. DH31 stimulated fluid secretion in D. suzukii adults, and secretion increased in a dose-dependent manner. However, when the fly was injected with a mixture of DH31 and CAPA, an anti-diuretic hormone, fluid secretion was suppressed. Here, we discuss the structures of the DH31 receptors and the differential signaling pathways, including second messengers, involved in fly diuresis. These findings provide fundamental insights into the characterization of D. suzukii DH31 and DH31-Rs, and facilitate the identification of potential biological targets for D. suzukii management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jung Yoon
- USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA; Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Briana E Price
- USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Ryssa K Parks
- USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA; Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Seung-Joon Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Man-Yeon Choi
- USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA.
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26
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McQuarrie S, Athukoralage JS, McMahon SA, Graham S, Ackermann K, Bode BE, White MF, Gloster TM. Activation of Csm6 ribonuclease by cyclic nucleotide binding: in an emergency, twist to open. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10590-10605. [PMID: 37747760 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type III CRISPR systems synthesize cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messengers as part of a multi-faceted immune response against invading mobile genetic elements (MGEs). cOA activates non-specific CRISPR ancillary defence nucleases to create a hostile environment for MGE replication. Csm6 ribonucleases bind cOA using a CARF (CRISPR-associated Rossmann Fold) domain, resulting in activation of a fused HEPN (Higher Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes Nucleotide binding) ribonuclease domain. Csm6 enzymes are widely used in a new generation of diagnostic assays for the detection of specific nucleic acid species. However, the activation mechanism is not fully understood. Here we characterised the cyclic hexa-adenylate (cA6) activated Csm6' ribonuclease from the industrially important bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus. Crystal structures of Csm6' in the inactive and cA6 bound active states illuminate the conformational changes which trigger mRNA destruction. Upon binding of cA6, there is a close to 60° rotation between the CARF and HEPN domains, which causes the 'jaws' of the HEPN domain to open and reposition active site residues. Key to this transition is the 6H domain, a right-handed solenoid domain connecting the CARF and HEPN domains, which transmits the conformational changes for activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart McQuarrie
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Januka S Athukoralage
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Stephen A McMahon
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Shirley Graham
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Katrin Ackermann
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Chemistry, Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Bela E Bode
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Chemistry, Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Malcolm F White
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Tracey M Gloster
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
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27
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Zhang J, Zhang L, Chen Y, Fang X, Li B, Mo C. The role of cGAS-STING signaling in pulmonary fibrosis and its therapeutic potential. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273248. [PMID: 37965345 PMCID: PMC10642193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and ultimately fatal lung disease, exhibiting the excessive production of extracellular matrix and aberrant activation of fibroblast. While Pirfenidone and Nintedanib are FDA-approved drugs that can slow down the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, they are unable to reverse the disease. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to develop more efficient therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis. The intracellular DNA sensor called cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) plays a crucial role in detecting DNA and generating cGAMP, a second messenger. Subsequently, cGAMP triggers the activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING), initiating a signaling cascade that leads to the stimulation of type I interferons and other signaling molecules involved in immune responses. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of aberrant activation of cGAS-STING contributes to fibrotic lung diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge regarding the role of cGAS-STING pathway in pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, we discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting the cGAS-STING pathway, including the utilization of inhibitors of cGAS and STING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutian Chen
- The Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunheng Mo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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28
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Ren X, Bian X, Shao H, Jia S, Yu Z, Liu P, Li J, Li J. Regulation Mechanism of Dopamine Receptor 1 in Low Temperature Response of Marsupenaeus japonicus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15278. [PMID: 37894957 PMCID: PMC10607110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine receptors (DARs) are important transmembrane receptors responsible for receiving extracellular signals in the DAR-mediated signaling pathway, and are involved in a variety of physiological functions. Herein, the D1 DAR gene from Marsupenaeus japonicus (MjDAD1) was identified and characterized. The protein encoded by MjDAD1 has the typical structure and functional domains of the G-protein coupled receptor family. MjDAD1 expression was significantly upregulated in the gills and hepatopancreas after low temperature stress. Moreover, double-stranded RNA-mediated silencing of MjDAD1 significantly changed the levels of protein kinases (PKA and PKC), second messengers (cyclic AMP (cAMP), cyclic cGMP, calmodulin, and diacyl glycerol), and G-protein effectors (adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C). Furthermore, MjDAD1 silencing increased the apoptosis rate of gill and hepatopancreas cells. Thus, following binding to their specific receptors, G-protein effectors are activated by MjDAD1, leading to DAD1-cAMP/PKA pathway-mediated regulation of caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. We suggest that MjDAD1 is indispensable for the environmental adaptation of M. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.R.); (X.B.); (S.J.); (P.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xueqiong Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.R.); (X.B.); (S.J.); (P.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Huixin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.R.); (X.B.); (S.J.); (P.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shaoting Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.R.); (X.B.); (S.J.); (P.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhenxing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.R.); (X.B.); (S.J.); (P.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.R.); (X.B.); (S.J.); (P.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.R.); (X.B.); (S.J.); (P.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.R.); (X.B.); (S.J.); (P.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
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29
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Chi H, Hoikkala V, Grüschow S, Graham S, Shirran S, White MF. Antiviral type III CRISPR signalling via conjugation of ATP and SAM. Nature 2023; 622:826-833. [PMID: 37853119 PMCID: PMC10600005 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR systems are widespread in the prokaryotic world, providing adaptive immunity against mobile genetic elements1,2. Type III CRISPR systems, with the signature gene cas10, use CRISPR RNA to detect non-self RNA, activating the enzymatic Cas10 subunit to defend the cell against mobile genetic elements either directly, via the integral histidine-aspartate (HD) nuclease domain3-5 or indirectly, via synthesis of cyclic oligoadenylate second messengers to activate diverse ancillary effectors6-9. A subset of type III CRISPR systems encode an uncharacterized CorA-family membrane protein and an associated NrN family phosphodiesterase that are predicted to function in antiviral defence. Here we demonstrate that the CorA-associated type III-B (Cmr) CRISPR system from Bacteroides fragilis provides immunity against mobile genetic elements when expressed in Escherichia coli. However, B. fragilis Cmr does not synthesize cyclic oligoadenylate species on activation, instead generating S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)-AMP (SAM is also known as AdoMet) by conjugating ATP to SAM via a phosphodiester bond. Once synthesized, SAM-AMP binds to the CorA effector, presumably leading to cell dormancy or death by disruption of the membrane integrity. SAM-AMP is degraded by CRISPR-associated phosphodiesterases or a SAM-AMP lyase, potentially providing an 'off switch' analogous to cyclic oligoadenylate-specific ring nucleases10. SAM-AMP thus represents a new class of second messenger for antiviral signalling, which may function in different roles in diverse cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Chi
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Ville Hoikkala
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sabine Grüschow
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Shirley Graham
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Sally Shirran
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Malcolm F White
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
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30
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Heßling LD, Troost-Kind B, Weiß M. NAADP-binding proteins - Linking NAADP signaling to cancer and immunity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2023; 1870:119531. [PMID: 37394011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
NAADP is one of the most potent calcium mobilizing second messengers. Only recently, two NAADP-binding proteins have been identified: HN1L/JPT2 and LSM12. Further, ASPDH was suggested as a less selective binding partner. Apart from this newly uncovered link, little is known about the shared mechanisms between these proteins. The aim of this review is to assess potential functional connections between NAADP and its binding proteins. We here give a description of two major links. For one, HN1L/JPT2 and LSM12 both have potent oncogenic functions in several cancer types. Second, they are involved in similar cellular pathways in both cancer and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa D Heßling
- The Calcium Signaling Group, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Berit Troost-Kind
- The Calcium Signaling Group, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mariella Weiß
- The Calcium Signaling Group, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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31
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Qi L, Friml J. Tale of cAMP as a second messenger in auxin signaling and beyond. New Phytol 2023; 240:489-495. [PMID: 37434303 PMCID: PMC10952583 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a versatile second messenger in many mammalian signaling pathways. However, its role in plants remains not well-recognized. Recent discovery of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity for transport inhibitor response 1/auxin-signaling F-box proteins (TIR1/AFB) auxin receptors and the demonstration of its importance for canonical auxin signaling put plant cAMP research back into spotlight. This insight briefly summarizes the well-established cAMP signaling pathways in mammalian cells and describes the turbulent and controversial history of plant cAMP research highlighting the major progress and the unresolved points. We also briefly review the current paradigm of auxin signaling to provide a background for the discussion on the AC activity of TIR1/AFB auxin receptors and its potential role in transcriptional auxin signaling as well as impact of these discoveries on plant cAMP research in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Qi
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA)Klosterneuburg3400Austria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA)Klosterneuburg3400Austria
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32
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Koren SA, Ahmed Selim N, De la Rosa L, Horn J, Farooqi MA, Wei AY, Müller-Eigner A, Emerson J, Johnson GVW, Wojtovich AP. All-optical spatiotemporal mapping of ROS dynamics across mitochondrial microdomains in situ. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6036. [PMID: 37758713 PMCID: PMC10533892 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) functions as a second messenger to signal metabolic distress through highly compartmentalized production in mitochondria. The dynamics of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and diffusion between mitochondrial compartments and into the cytosol govern oxidative stress responses and pathology, though these processes remain poorly understood. Here, we couple the H2O2 biosensor, HyPer7, with optogenetic stimulation of the ROS-generating protein KillerRed targeted into multiple mitochondrial microdomains. Single mitochondrial photogeneration of H2O2 demonstrates the spatiotemporal dynamics of ROS diffusion and transient hyperfusion of mitochondria due to ROS. This transient hyperfusion phenotype required mitochondrial fusion but not fission machinery. Measurement of microdomain-specific H2O2 diffusion kinetics reveals directionally selective diffusion through mitochondrial microdomains. All-optical generation and detection of physiologically-relevant concentrations of H2O2 between mitochondrial compartments provide a map of mitochondrial H2O2 diffusion dynamics in situ as a framework to understand the role of ROS in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shon A Koren
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA
| | - Nada Ahmed Selim
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA
| | - Lizbeth De la Rosa
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA
| | - Jacob Horn
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA
| | - M Arsalan Farooqi
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA
| | - Alicia Y Wei
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA
| | - Annika Müller-Eigner
- Research Group Epigenetics, Metabolism and Longevity, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, 18196, Germany
| | - Jacen Emerson
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA
| | - Gail V W Johnson
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA.
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Wei X, Zhang C. A universe of second messengers for cGLR-STING signaling. Immunity 2023; 56:1975-1977. [PMID: 37703824 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP) and 3'2'-cGAMP activate STING-dependent antiviral immunity in Drosophila melanogaster but fail to control infection by C virus in some fly species. In this issue of Immunity, Cai et al. reveal that Drosophila produces multiple cyclic di-nucleotides (CDNs) in response to viral infection. One of these CDNs-2'3'-c-di-GMP-is a very potent STING activator capable of promoting antiviral immunity in otherwise susceptible flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Conggang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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34
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Dong W, Chen M, Chang C, Jiang T, Su L, Chen C, Zhang G. Remodeling of Tumor Microenvironment by Nanozyme Combined cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway Agonist for Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13935. [PMID: 37762239 PMCID: PMC10530945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanozymes and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway, as powerful organons, can remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME) to increase efficacy and overcome drug resistance in cancer immunotherapy. Nanozymes have the potential to manipulate the TME by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lead to positive oxidative stress in tumor cells. Cyclic dinucleotide (2',3'-cGAMP), as a second messenger, exists in the TME and can regulate it to achieve antitumor activity. In this work, Co,N-doped carbon dots (CoNCDs) were used as a model nanozyme to evaluate the properties of the anti-tumor mechanism, and effective inhibition of S180 tumor was achieved. Based on CoNCDs' good biocompatibility and therapeutic effect on the tumor, we then introduced the cGAS-STING agonist, and the combination of the CoNCDs and STING agonist significantly inhibited tumor growth, and no significant systemic toxicity was observed. The combined system achieved the enhanced tumor synergistic immunotherapy through TME reprogramming via the peroxidase-like activity of the CoNCDs and cGAS-STING signaling pathway agonist synergistically. Our work provides not only a new effective way to reprogram TME in vivo, but also a promising synergic antitumor therapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Dong
- Electronic S Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (W.D.); (T.J.); (L.S.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Electronic S Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (W.D.); (T.J.); (L.S.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chun Chang
- Electronic S Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (W.D.); (T.J.); (L.S.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Electronic S Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (W.D.); (T.J.); (L.S.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Li Su
- Electronic S Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (W.D.); (T.J.); (L.S.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Changpo Chen
- Electronic S Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (W.D.); (T.J.); (L.S.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Electronic S Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (W.D.); (T.J.); (L.S.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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Takakura M, Lam YH, Nakagawa R, Ng MY, Hu X, Bhargava P, Alia AG, Gu Y, Wang Z, Ota T, Kimura Y, Morimoto N, Osakada F, Lee AY, Leung D, Miyashita T, Du J, Okuno H, Hirano Y. Differential second messenger signaling via dopamine neurons bidirectionally regulates memory retention. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304851120. [PMID: 37639608 PMCID: PMC10483633 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304851120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory formation and forgetting unnecessary memory must be balanced for adaptive animal behavior. While cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling via dopamine neurons induces memory formation, here we report that cyclic guanine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling via dopamine neurons launches forgetting of unconsolidated memory in Drosophila. Genetic screening and proteomic analyses showed that neural activation induces the complex formation of a histone H3K9 demethylase, Kdm4B, and a GMP synthetase, Bur, which is necessary and sufficient for forgetting unconsolidated memory. Kdm4B/Bur is activated by phosphorylation through NO-dependent cGMP signaling via dopamine neurons, inducing gene expression, including kek2 encoding a presynaptic protein. Accordingly, Kdm4B/Bur activation induced presynaptic changes. Our data demonstrate a link between cGMP signaling and synapses via gene expression in forgetting, suggesting that the opposing functions of memory are orchestrated by distinct signaling via dopamine neurons, which affects synaptic integrity and thus balances animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Takakura
- SK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
| | - Yu Hong Lam
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Reiko Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cell-Free Protein Synthesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe650-0047, Japan
| | - Man Yung Ng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Priyanshu Bhargava
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Abdalla G. Alia
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yuzhe Gu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Zigao Wang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Takeshi Ota
- SHIONOGI & CO., LTD, Analysis and Evaluation Laboratory, Bio Analytical 1, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka561-0825, Japan
| | - Yoko Kimura
- SK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
| | - Nao Morimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido060-0815, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Osakada
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8601, Japan
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Center for Epigenomics Research, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Danny Leung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Center for Epigenomics Research, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tomoyuki Miyashita
- Learning and Memory Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo156-8506, Japan
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Hiroyuki Okuno
- SK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima890-8544, Japan
| | - Yukinori Hirano
- SK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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36
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Huang S, Jia A, Ma S, Sun Y, Chang X, Han Z, Chai J. NLR signaling in plants: from resistosomes to second messengers. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:776-787. [PMID: 37394345 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide binding and leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLRs) have a critical role in plant immunity through direct or indirect recognition of pathogen effectors. Recent studies have demonstrated that such recognition induces formation of large protein complexes called resistosomes to mediate NLR immune signaling. Some NLR resistosomes activate Ca2+ influx by acting as Ca2+-permeable channels, whereas others function as active NADases to catalyze the production of nucleotide-derived second messengers. In this review we summarize these studies on pathogen effector-induced assembly of NLR resistosomes and resistosome-mediated production of the second messengers of Ca2+ and nucleotide derivatives. We also discuss downstream events and regulation of resistosome signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Huang
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aolin Jia
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shoucai Ma
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chang
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhifu Han
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jijie Chai
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Cologne 50829, Germany; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.
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Klein R, Brehm J, Wissig J, Heermann R, Unden G. A signaling complex of adenylate cyclase CyaC of Sinorhizobium meliloti with cAMP and the transcriptional regulators Clr and CycR. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:236. [PMID: 37633907 PMCID: PMC10463352 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02989-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenylate cyclases (ACs) generate the second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP), which is found in all domains of life and is involved in the regulation of various cell physiological and metabolic processes. In the plant symbiotic bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti, synthesis of cAMP by the membrane-bound AC CyaC responds to the redox state of the respiratory chain and the respiratory quinones. However, nothing is known about the signaling cascade that is initiated by cAMP produced by CyaC. RESULTS Here, the CRP-like transcriptional regulator Clr and the TetR-like regulator CycR (TR01819 protein) were identified to interact with CyaC using the bacterial two-hybrid system (BACTH), co-sedimentation assays, and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Interaction of CycR with Clr, and of CyaC with Clr requires the presence of cAMP and of ATP, respectively, whereas that of CyaC with CycR was independent of the nucleotides. CONCLUSION The data implicate a ternary CyaC×CycR×cAMP-Clr complex, functioning as a specific signaling cascade which is formed after activation of CyaC and synthesis of cAMP. cAMP-Clr is thought to work in complex with CycR to regulate a subset of genes of the cAMP-Clr regulon in S. meliloti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Klein
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (imP), Microbiology and Biotechnology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Biocenter II, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jannis Brehm
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (imP), Microbiology and Biotechnology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Biocenter II, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Juliane Wissig
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (imP), Microbiology and Biotechnology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Biocenter II, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ralf Heermann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (imP), Microbiology and Biotechnology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Biocenter II, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Gottfried Unden
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (imP), Microbiology and Biotechnology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Biocenter II, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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38
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Raics K, Pirisi K, Zhuang B, Fekete Z, Kis-Bicskei N, Pecsi I, Ujfalusi KP, Telek E, Li Y, Collado JT, Tonge PJ, Meech SR, Vos MH, Bodis E, Lukacs A. Photocycle alteration and increased enzymatic activity in genetically modified photoactivated adenylate cyclase OaPAC. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105056. [PMID: 37468104 PMCID: PMC10448171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoactivated adenylate cyclases (PACs) are light activated enzymes that combine blue light sensing capacity with the ability to convert ATP to cAMP and pyrophosphate (PPi) in a light-dependent manner. In most of the known PACs blue light regulation is provided by a blue light sensing domain using flavin which undergoes a structural reorganization after blue-light absorption. This minor structural change then is translated toward the C-terminal of the protein, inducing a larger conformational change that results in the ATP conversion to cAMP. As cAMP is a key second messenger in numerous signal transduction pathways regulating various cellular functions, PACs are of great interest in optogenetic studies. The optimal optogenetic device must be "silent" in the dark and highly responsive upon light illumination. PAC from Oscillatoria acuminata is a very good candidate as its basal activity is very small in the dark and the conversion rates increase 20-fold upon light illumination. We studied the effect of replacing D67 to N, in the blue light using flavin domain. This mutation was found to accelerate the primary electron transfer process in the photosensing domain of the protein, as has been predicted. Furthermore, it resulted in a longer lived signaling state, which was formed with a lower quantum yield. Our studies show that the overall effects of the D67N mutation lead to a slightly higher conversion of ATP to cAMP, which points in the direction that by fine tuning the kinetic properties more responsive PACs and optogenetic devices can be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Raics
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Pirisi
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Bo Zhuang
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Zsuzsanna Fekete
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | | | - Ildiko Pecsi
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | | | - Elek Telek
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, China
| | | | - Peter J Tonge
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
| | | | - Marten H Vos
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Emoke Bodis
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Andras Lukacs
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
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Geiger CJ, O’Toole GA. Evidence for the Type IV Pilus Retraction Motor PilT as a Component of the Surface Sensing System in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0017923. [PMID: 37382531 PMCID: PMC10367593 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00179-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation begins when bacteria contacting a surface induce cellular changes to become better adapted for surface growth. One of the first changes to occur for Pseudomonas aeruginosa after surface contact is an increase in the nucleotide second messenger 3',5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP). It has been demonstrated that this increase in intracellular cAMP is dependent on functional type IV pili (T4P) relaying a signal to the Pil-Chp system, but the mechanism by which this signal is transduced remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of the type IV pilus retraction motor PilT in sensing a surface and relaying that signal to cAMP production. We show that mutations in PilT, and in particular those impacting the ATPase activity of this motor protein, reduce surface-dependent cAMP production. We identify a novel interaction between PilT and PilJ, a member of the Pil-Chp system, and propose a new model whereby P. aeruginosa uses its PilT retraction motor to sense a surface and to relay that signal via PilJ to increased production of cAMP. We discuss these findings in light of current T4P-dependent surface sensing models for P. aeruginosa. IMPORTANCE T4P are cellular appendages that allow P. aeruginosa to sense a surface, leading to the production of cAMP. This second messenger not only activates virulence pathways but leads to further surface adaptation and irreversible attachment of cells. Here, we demonstrate the importance of the retraction motor PilT in surface sensing. We also present a new surface sensing model in P. aeruginosa whereby the T4P retraction motor PilT senses and transmits the surface signal, likely via its ATPase domain and interaction with PilJ, to mediate production of the second messenger cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Geiger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - G. A. O’Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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40
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Römling U, Cao LY, Bai FW. Evolution of cyclic di-GMP signalling on a short and long term time scale. Microbiology (Reading) 2023; 169:001354. [PMID: 37384391 PMCID: PMC10333796 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Diversifying radiation of domain families within specific lineages of life indicates the importance of their functionality for the organisms. The foundation for the diversifying radiation of the cyclic di-GMP signalling network that occurred within the bacterial kingdom is most likely based in the outmost adaptability, flexibility and plasticity of the system. Integrative sensing of multiple diverse extra- and intracellular signals is made possible by the N-terminal sensory domains of the modular cyclic di-GMP turnover proteins, mutations in the protein scaffolds and subsequent signal reception by diverse receptors, which eventually rewires opposite host-associated as well as environmental life styles including parallel regulated target outputs. Natural, laboratory and microcosm derived microbial variants often with an altered multicellular biofilm behaviour as reading output demonstrated single amino acid substitutions to substantially alter catalytic activity including substrate specificity. Truncations and domain swapping of cyclic di-GMP signalling genes and horizontal gene transfer suggest rewiring of the network. Presence of cyclic di-GMP signalling genes on horizontally transferable elements in particular observed in extreme acidophilic bacteria indicates that cyclic di-GMP signalling and biofilm components are under selective pressure in these types of environments. On a short and long term evolutionary scale, within a species and in families within bacterial orders, respectively, the cyclic di-GMP signalling network can also rapidly disappear. To investigate variability of the cyclic di-GMP signalling system on various levels will give clues about evolutionary forces and discover novel physiological and metabolic pathways affected by this intriguing second messenger signalling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Römling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lian-Ying Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Feng-Wu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
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41
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Hwang Y, Harshey RM. A Second Role for the Second Messenger Cyclic-di-GMP in E. coli: Arresting Cell Growth by Altering Metabolic Flow. mBio 2023; 14:e0061923. [PMID: 37036337 PMCID: PMC10127611 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00619-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
c-di-GMP primarily controls motile to sessile transitions in bacteria. Diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) catalyze the synthesis of c-di-GMP from two GTP molecules. Typically, bacteria encode multiple DGCs that are activated by specific environmental signals. Their catalytic activity is modulated by c-di-GMP binding to autoinhibitory sites (I-sites). YfiN is a conserved inner membrane DGC that lacks these sites. Instead, YfiN activity is directly repressed by periplasmic YfiR, which is inactivated by redox stress. In Escherichia coli, an additional envelope stress causes YfiN to relocate to the mid-cell to inhibit cell division by interacting with the division machinery. Here, we report a third activity for YfiN in E. coli, where cell growth is inhibited without YfiN relocating to the division site. This action of YfiN is only observed when the bacteria are cultured on gluconeogenic carbon sources, and is dependent on absence of the autoinhibitory sites. Restoration of I-site function relieves the growth-arrest phenotype, and disabling this function in a heterologous DGC causes acquisition of this phenotype. Arrested cells are tolerant to a wide range of antibiotics. We show that the likely cause of growth arrest is depletion of cellular GTP from run-away synthesis of c-di-GMP, explaining the dependence of growth arrest on gluconeogenic carbon sources that exhaust more GTP during production of glucose. This is the first report of c-di-GMP-mediated growth arrest by altering metabolic flow. IMPORTANCE The c-di-GMP signaling network in bacteria not only controls a variety of cellular processes such as motility, biofilms, cell development, and virulence, but does so by a dizzying array of mechanisms. The DGC YfiN singularly represents the versatility of this network in that it not only inhibits motility and promotes biofilms, but also arrests growth in Escherichia coli by relocating to the mid-cell and blocking cell division. The work described here reveals that YfiN arrests growth by yet another mechanism in E. coli, changing metabolic flow. This function of YfiN, or of DGCs without autoinhibitory I-sites, may contribute to antibiotic tolerant persisters in relevant niches such as the gut where gluconeogenic sugars are found.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuneSahng Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Rasika M. Harshey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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42
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Ledvina HE, Ye Q, Gu Y, Sullivan AE, Quan Y, Lau RK, Zhou H, Corbett KD, Whiteley AT. An E1-E2 fusion protein primes antiviral immune signalling in bacteria. Nature 2023; 616:319-325. [PMID: 36755092 PMCID: PMC10292035 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
In all organisms, innate immune pathways sense infection and rapidly activate potent immune responses while avoiding inappropriate activation (autoimmunity). In humans, the innate immune receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) detects viral infection to produce the nucleotide second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which initiates stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent antiviral signalling1. Bacteria encode evolutionary predecessors of cGAS called cGAS/DncV-like nucleotidyltransferases2 (CD-NTases), which detect bacteriophage infection and produce diverse nucleotide second messengers3. How bacterial CD-NTase activation is controlled remains unknown. Here we show that CD-NTase-associated protein 2 (Cap2) primes bacterial CD-NTases for activation through a ubiquitin transferase-like mechanism. A cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Cap2-CD-NTase complex reveals Cap2 as an all-in-one ubiquitin transferase-like protein, with distinct domains resembling eukaryotic E1 and E2 proteins. The structure captures a reactive-intermediate state with the CD-NTase C terminus positioned in the Cap2 E1 active site and conjugated to AMP. Cap2 conjugates the CD-NTase C terminus to a target molecule that primes the CD-NTase for increased cGAMP production. We further demonstrate that a specific endopeptidase, Cap3, balances Cap2 activity by cleaving CD-NTase-target conjugates. Our data demonstrate that bacteria control immune signalling using an ancient, minimized ubiquitin transferase-like system and provide insight into the evolution of the E1 and E2 machinery across domains of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Ledvina
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Qiaozhen Ye
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yajie Gu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ashley E Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Yun Quan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca K Lau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huilin Zhou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin D Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Aaron T Whiteley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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43
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Urrutia PJ, González-Billault C. A Role for Second Messengers in Axodendritic Neuronal Polarity. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2037-2052. [PMID: 36948585 PMCID: PMC10039749 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1065-19.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal polarization is a complex molecular process regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Nerve cells integrate multiple extracellular cues to generate intracellular messengers that ultimately control cell morphology, metabolism, and gene expression. Therefore, second messengers' local concentration and temporal regulation are crucial elements for acquiring a polarized morphology in neurons. This review article summarizes the main findings and current understanding of how Ca2+, IP3, cAMP, cGMP, and hydrogen peroxide control different aspects of neuronal polarization, and highlights questions that still need to be resolved to fully understand the fascinating cellular processes involved in axodendritic polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Urrutia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 7800003
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile 7510157
| | - Christian González-Billault
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 7800003
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 8380453
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile 7800003
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945
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44
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Du L, Zhang D, Luo Z, Lin Z. Molecular basis of stepwise cyclic tetra-adenylate cleavage by the type III CRISPR ring nuclease Crn1/Sso2081. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:2485-2495. [PMID: 36807980 PMCID: PMC10018336 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclic oligoadenylates (cOAs) act as second messengers of the type III CRISPR immunity system through activating the auxiliary nucleases for indiscriminate RNA degradation. The cOA-degrading nucleases (ring nucleases) provide an 'off-switch' regulation of the signaling, thereby preventing cell dormancy or cell death. Here, we describe the crystal structures of the founding member of CRISPR-associated ring nuclease 1 (Crn1) Sso2081 from Saccharolobus solfataricus, alone, bound to phosphate ions or cA4 in both pre-cleavage and cleavage intermediate states. These structures together with biochemical characterizations establish the molecular basis of cA4 recognition and catalysis by Sso2081. The conformational changes in the C-terminal helical insert upon the binding of phosphate ions or cA4 reveal a gate-locking mechanism for ligand binding. The critical residues and motifs identified in this study provide a new insight to distinguish between cOA-degrading and -nondegrading CARF domain-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Du
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Danping Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhipu Luo
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Zhipu Luo.
| | - Zhonghui Lin
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 0591 22867273;
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45
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Kovanich D, Low TY, Zaccolo M. Using the Proteomics Toolbox to Resolve Topology and Dynamics of Compartmentalized cAMP Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4667. [PMID: 36902098 PMCID: PMC10003371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
cAMP is a second messenger that regulates a myriad of cellular functions in response to multiple extracellular stimuli. New developments in the field have provided exciting insights into how cAMP utilizes compartmentalization to ensure specificity when the message conveyed to the cell by an extracellular stimulus is translated into the appropriate functional outcome. cAMP compartmentalization relies on the formation of local signaling domains where the subset of cAMP signaling effectors, regulators and targets involved in a specific cellular response cluster together. These domains are dynamic in nature and underpin the exacting spatiotemporal regulation of cAMP signaling. In this review, we focus on how the proteomics toolbox can be utilized to identify the molecular components of these domains and to define the dynamic cellular cAMP signaling landscape. From a therapeutic perspective, compiling data on compartmentalized cAMP signaling in physiological and pathological conditions will help define the signaling events underlying disease and may reveal domain-specific targets for the development of precision medicine interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangnapa Kovanich
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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46
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Guse AH. Enzymology of Ca 2+-Mobilizing Second Messengers Derived from NAD: From NAD Glycohydrolases to (Dual) NADPH Oxidases. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040675. [PMID: 36831342 PMCID: PMC9954121 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its 2'-phosphorylated cousin NADP are precursors for the enzymatic formation of the Ca2+-mobilizing second messengers adenosine diphosphoribose (ADPR), 2'-deoxy-ADPR, cyclic ADPR, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP). The enzymes involved are either NAD glycohydrolases CD38 or sterile alpha toll/interleukin receptor motif containing-1 (SARM1), or (dual) NADPH oxidases (NOX/DUOX). Enzymatic function(s) are reviewed and physiological role(s) in selected cell systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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47
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Qi L, Kwiatkowski M, Chen H, Hoermayer L, Sinclair S, Zou M, Del Genio CI, Kubeš MF, Napier R, Jaworski K, Friml J. Adenylate cyclase activity of TIR1/AFB auxin receptors in plants. Nature 2022; 611:133-138. [PMID: 36289340 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin is the major coordinative signal in plant development1, mediating transcriptional reprogramming by a well-established canonical signalling pathway. TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1 (TIR1)/AUXIN-SIGNALING F-BOX (AFB) auxin receptors are F-box subunits of ubiquitin ligase complexes. In response to auxin, they associate with Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors and target them for degradation via ubiquitination2,3. Here we identify adenylate cyclase (AC) activity as an additional function of TIR1/AFB receptors across land plants. Auxin, together with Aux/IAAs, stimulates cAMP production. Three separate mutations in the AC motif of the TIR1 C-terminal region, all of which abolish the AC activity, each render TIR1 ineffective in mediating gravitropism and sustained auxin-induced root growth inhibition, and also affect auxin-induced transcriptional regulation. These results highlight the importance of TIR1/AFB AC activity in canonical auxin signalling. They also identify a unique phytohormone receptor cassette combining F-box and AC motifs, and the role of cAMP as a second messenger in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Qi
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Mateusz Kwiatkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Huihuang Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Lukas Hoermayer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Scott Sinclair
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Readiness and Response Directorate, Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Minxia Zou
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Charo I Del Genio
- Centre for Fluid and Complex Systems, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Martin F Kubeš
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Krzysztof Jaworski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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48
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Steens JA, Salazar CRP, Staals RH. The diverse arsenal of type III CRISPR-Cas-associated CARF and SAVED effectors. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1353-1364. [PMID: 36282000 PMCID: PMC9704534 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Type III CRISPR-Cas systems make use of a multi-subunit effector complex to target foreign (m)RNA transcripts complementary to the guide/CRISPR RNA (crRNA). Base-pairing of the target RNA with specialized regions in the crRNA not only triggers target RNA cleavage, but also activates the characteristic Cas10 subunit and sets in motion a variety of catalytic activities that starts with the production of cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messenger molecules. These messenger molecules can activate an extensive arsenal of ancillary effector proteins carrying the appropriate sensory domain. Notably, the CARF and SAVED effector proteins have been responsible for renewed interest in type III CRISPR-Cas due to the extraordinary diversity of defenses against invading genetic elements. Whereas only a handful of CARF and SAVED proteins have been studied so far, many of them seem to provoke abortive infection, aimed to kill the host and provide population-wide immunity. A defining feature of these effector proteins is the variety of in silico-predicted catalytic domains they are fused to. In this mini-review, we discuss all currently characterized type III-associated CARF and SAVED effector proteins, highlight a few examples of predicted CARF and SAVED proteins with interesting predicted catalytic activities, and speculate how they could contribute to type III immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurre A. Steens
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Raymond H.J. Staals
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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49
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Zhang S, Ouyang T, Reinhard BM. Multivalent Ligand-Nanoparticle Conjugates Amplify Reactive Oxygen Species Second Messenger Generation and Enhance Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Phosphorylation. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1716-1728. [PMID: 35993676 PMCID: PMC9815836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is heterogeneously distributed on the cellular surface and enriched in clusters with diameters of tens of nanometers. Multivalent presentation of EGF ligand on nanoparticles (NPs) provides an approach for controlling and amplifying the local activation of EGFR in these clusters. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been indicated to play a role in the regulation of EGFR activation as second messengers, but the effect of nanoconjugation on EGF-mediated ROS formation and ROS-induced EGFR activation is not well established. The goal of this manuscript is to characterize the multivalent enhancement of EGF-induced ROS formation and to test its effect on EGFR phosphorylation in breast cancer cell models using gold (Au) NPs with a diameter of 81 ± 1 nm functionalized with two different EGF ligand densities (12 ± 7 EGF/NP (NP-EGF12) and 87 ± 6 EGF/NP (NP-EGF87)). In the EGFR overexpressing cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, NP-EGF87 achieved a measurable multivalent enhancement of ROS that peaked at concentrations c ROSmax ≤ 25 pM and that were EGFR and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) dependent. NP-EGF12 failed to generate comparable ROS levels as NP-EGF87 in the investigated NP input concentration range (0-100 pM). In cells with nearly identical numbers of bound NP-EGF87 and NP-EGF12, the ROS levels for NP-EGF87 were systematically higher, indicating that the multivalent enhancement is exclusively related not only to avidity but also to a stronger stimulation per NP. Importantly, the increase in EGF-induced ROS formation associated with EGF nanoconjugation at c ROSmax resulted in a measurable gain in EGFR phosphorylation, confirming that ROS generation contributes to the multivalent enhancement of EGFR activation in response to NP-EGF87.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Tianhong Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Björn M. Reinhard
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
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50
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Bonet IJM, Staurengo-Ferrari L, Araldi D, Green PG, Levine JD. Second messengers mediating high-molecular-weight hyaluronan-induced antihyperalgesia in rats with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Pain 2022; 163:1728-1739. [PMID: 34913881 PMCID: PMC9167889 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT High-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HMWH) is an agonist at cluster of differentiation (CD)44, the cognate hyaluronan receptor, on nociceptors, where it acts to induce antihyperalgesia in preclinical models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. In the present experiments, we studied the CD44 second messengers that mediate HMWH-induced attenuation of pain associated with oxaliplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). While HMWH attenuated CIPN only in male rats, after ovariectomy or intrathecal administration of an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) antisense to G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPR30) mRNA, female rats were also sensitive to HMWH. Intrathecal administration of an ODN antisense to CD44 mRNA markedly attenuated HMWH-induced antihyperalgesia in male rats with CIPN induced by oxaliplatin or paclitaxel. Intradermal administration of inhibitors of CD44 second messengers, RhoA (member of the Rho family of GTPases), phospholipase C, and phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ), attenuated HMWH-induced antihyperalgesia as does intrathecal administration of an ODN antisense to PI3Kγ. Our results demonstrated that HMWH induced antihyperalgesia in CIPN, mediated by its action at CD44 and downstream signaling by RhoA, phospholipase C, and PI3Kγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan J. M. Bonet
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Larissa Staurengo-Ferrari
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dionéia Araldi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Paul G. Green
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Departments of Preventative & Restorative Dental Sciences and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jon D. Levine
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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