1
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Zhang C, Zuo W, Ai L, Tu S, Jiang J. Two-dimensional molybdenum boride coordinating with ruthenium nanoparticles to boost hydrogen generation from hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 669:794-803. [PMID: 38744157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The coordination between carrier and active metal is critical to the catalytic efficiency of ammonia borane (AB) hydrolysis reaction. In the present study, we report a new type of catalytic support based on molybdenum boride (MBene) MoAl1-xB and demonstrate that the effective combination of MoAl1-xB with Ru nanoparticles can realize the significantly enhanced performance for hydrogen generation. Owing to the efficient activation and dissociation of reactants, the optimal Ru/MoAl1-xB catalyst achieves the large turnover frequency of 494 molH2 molRu-1 min-1, high hydrogen generation rate of 119817 mL min-1 gRu-1 and favorable apparent activation energy of 39.2 kJ mol-1 for the catalytic hydrolysis of AB under alkaline-free condition. The isotopic test suggests the cleavage of OH bond in H2O is the rate-determining step for hydrolysis reaction, while the fracture of B-H bond in AB is also well revealed by attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Significantly, the flexible on-demand hydrogen generation is achieved by using chemical switches for on-off AB hydrolysis. This study provides a new support platform based on two-dimensional MBene to exploit efficient catalysts to boost AB dehydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Lunhong Ai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China.
| | - Sheng Tu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China.
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2
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Cai M, Shi H, Zhang Y, Qu J, Wang H, Guo Y, Du K, Li W, Deng B, Wang D, Yin H. Rechargeable Zn-H 2O hydrolysis battery for hydrogen storage and production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404025. [PMID: 38659286 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Reactive metals hydrolysis offers significant advantages for hydrogen storage and production. However, the regeneration of common reactive metals (e.g., Mg, Al, etc.) is energy-intensive and produces unwanted byproducts such as CO2 and Cl2. Herein, we employ Zn as a reactive mediator that can be easily regenerated by electrolysis of ZnO in an alkaline solution with a Faradaic efficiency of >99.9 %. H2 is produced in the same electrolyte by constructing a Zn-H2O hydrolysis battery consisting of a Zn anode and a Raney-Ni cathode to unlock the Zn-H2O reaction. The entire two-step water splitting reaction with a net energy efficiency of 70.4 % at 80 °C and 50 mA cm-2. Additionally, the Zn-H2O system can be charged using renewable energy to produce H2 on demand and runs for 600 cycles only sacrificing 3.76 % energy efficiency. DFT calculations reveal that the desorption of H* on Raney-Ni (-0.30 eV) is closer to zero compared with that on Zn (-0.87 eV), indicating a faster desorption of H* at low overpotential. Further, a 24 Ah electrolyzer is demonstrated to produce H2 with a net energy efficiency of 65.5 %, which holds promise for its real application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muya Cai
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- International Cooperation Base for Sustainable Utilization of Resources and Energy in Hubei Province, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hao Shi
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- International Cooperation Base for Sustainable Utilization of Resources and Energy in Hubei Province, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- International Cooperation Base for Sustainable Utilization of Resources and Energy in Hubei Province, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jiakang Qu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- International Cooperation Base for Sustainable Utilization of Resources and Energy in Hubei Province, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hongya Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- International Cooperation Base for Sustainable Utilization of Resources and Energy in Hubei Province, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yanyang Guo
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- International Cooperation Base for Sustainable Utilization of Resources and Energy in Hubei Province, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Kaifa Du
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- International Cooperation Base for Sustainable Utilization of Resources and Energy in Hubei Province, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- International Cooperation Base for Sustainable Utilization of Resources and Energy in Hubei Province, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Deng
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- International Cooperation Base for Sustainable Utilization of Resources and Energy in Hubei Province, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Dihua Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- International Cooperation Base for Sustainable Utilization of Resources and Energy in Hubei Province, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Huayi Yin
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- International Cooperation Base for Sustainable Utilization of Resources and Energy in Hubei Province, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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3
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Wan C, Li R, Wang J, Cheng DG, Chen F, Xu L, Gao M, Kang Y, Eguchi M, Yamauchi Y. Silica Confinement for Stable and Magnetic Co-Cu Alloy Nanoparticles in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404505. [PMID: 38598471 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia borane (AB) with 19.6 wt % H2 content is widely considered a safe and efficient medium for H2 storage and release. Co-based nanocatalysts present strong contenders for replacing precious metal-based catalysts in AB hydrolysis due to their high activity and cost-effectiveness. However, precisely adjusting the active centers and surface properties of Co-based nanomaterials to enhance their activity, as well as suppressing the migration and loss of metal atoms to improve their stability, presents many challenges. In this study, mesoporous-silica-confined bimetallic Co-Cu nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon (CoxCu1-x@NC@mSiO2) were synthesized using a facile mSiO2-confined thermal pyrolysis strategy. The obtained product, an optimized Co0.8Cu0.2@NC@mSiO2 catalyst, exhibits enhanced performance with a turnover frequency of 240.9 molH2 ⋅ molmetal ⋅ min-1 for AB hydrolysis at 298 K, surpassing most noble-metal-free catalysts. Moreover, Co0.8Cu0.2@NC@mSiO2 demonstrates magnetic recyclability and extraordinary stability, with a negligible decline of only 0.8 % over 30 cycles of use. This enhanced performance was attributed to the synergistic effect between Co and Cu, as well as silica confinement. This work proposes a promising method for constructing noble-metal-free catalysts for AB hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Rong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, China
| | - Jiapei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, China
| | - Dang-Guo Cheng
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengqiu Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, China
| | - Mingbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yunqing Kang
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science Zhengzhou, Henan, 451163, China
| | - Miharu Eguchi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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Wang S, Li S, Yu Y, Zhang T, Qu J, Sun Q. Cobalt Phosphide-Supported Single-Atom Pt Catalysts for Efficient and Stable Hydrogen Generation from Ammonia Borane Hydrolysis. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400376. [PMID: 38801007 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia borane (AB) has emerged as a promising chemical hydrogen storage material. The development of efficient, stable, and cost-effective catalysts for AB hydrolysis is the key to achieving hydrogen energy economy. Here, cobalt phosphide (CoP) is used to anchor single-atom Pt species, acting as robust catalysts for hydrogen generation from AB hydrolysis. Thanks to the high Pt utilization and the synergy between CoP and Pt species, the optimized Pt/CoP-100 catalyst exhibits an unprecedented hydrogen generation rate, giving a record turnover frequency (TOF) value of 39911mo l H 2 mo l Pt - 1 mi n - 1 ${\mathrm{mo}}{{{\mathrm{l}}}_{{{{\mathrm{H}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}{\mathrm{\ mo}}{{{\mathrm{l}}}_{{\mathrm{Pt}}}}^{{\mathrm{ - 1}}}{\mathrm{\ mi}}{{{\mathrm{n}}}^{{\mathrm{ - 1}}}}$ and turnover number of 2926829mo l H 2 mo l Pt - 1 ${\mathrm{mo}}{{{\mathrm{l}}}_{{{{\mathrm{H}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}{\mathrm{\ mo}}{{{\mathrm{l}}}_{{\mathrm{Pt}}}}^{{\mathrm{ - 1}}}$ at room temperature. These metrics surpass those of all existing state-of-the-art supported metal catalysts by an order of magnitude. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the integration of single-atom Pt onto the CoP substrate significantly enhances adsorption and dissociation processes for both water and AB molecules, thereby facilitating hydrogen production from AB hydrolysis. Interestingly, the TOF value is further elevated to 54878mo l H 2 mo l Pt - 1 mi n - 1 ${\mathrm{mo}}{{{\mathrm{l}}}_{{{{\mathrm{H}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}{\mathrm{\ mo}}{{{\mathrm{l}}}_{{\mathrm{Pt}}}}^{{\mathrm{ - 1}}}{\mathrm{\ mi}}{{{\mathrm{n}}}^{{\mathrm{ - 1}}}}$ under UV-vis light irradiation, which can be attributed to the efficient separation and mobility of photogenerated carriers at the Pt-CoP interface. The findings underscore the effectiveness of CoP as a support for single-atom metals in hydrogen production, offering insights for designing high-performance catalysts for chemical hydrogen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Wang
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Songqi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Yicheng Yu
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tianjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jiafu Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Qiming Sun
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
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5
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Zhang H, Liu S, Liu Y, Li T, Shen R, Guo X, Wu X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu B, Liang E, Li B. Insights into the hydrogen generation and catalytic mechanism on Co-based nanocomposites derived from pyrolysis of organic metal precursor. iScience 2024; 27:109715. [PMID: 38706847 PMCID: PMC11066434 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen generation from boron hydride is important for the development of hydrogen economy. Cobalt (Co) element has been widely used in the hydrolysis of boron hydride. Pyrolysis is a common method for materials synthesis in catalytic fields. Herein, Co-based nanocomposites derived from the pyrolysis of organic metal precursors and used for hydrolysis of boron hydride are summarized and discussed. The different precursors consisting of MOF, supported, metal, and metal phosphide precursors are summarized. The catalytic mechanism consisting of dissociation mechanism based on oxidative addition-reduction elimination, pre-activation mechanism, SN2 mechanism, four-membered ring mechanism, and acid-base mechanism is intensively discussed. Finally, conclusions and outlooks are conveyed from the design of high-efficiency catalysts, the characterization of catalyst structure, the enhancement of catalytic activities, the investigation of the catalytic mechanism, and the catalytic stability of active structure. This review can provide guidance for designing high-efficiency catalysts and boosting development of hydrogen economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R.China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R.China
| | - Shuling Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R.China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R.China
- College of Science, Henan Agriculture University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R.China
| | - Tongjun Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R.China
| | - Ruofan Shen
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R.China
| | - Xianji Guo
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R.China
| | - Xianli Wu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R.China
| | - Yushan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R.China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R.China
| | - Baozhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2001 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo 454000, P.R.China
| | - Erjun Liang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R.China
| | - Baojun Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R.China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R.China
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Liu W, Yao L, Sun X, Wang W, Feng G, Yao Q, Zhang L, Lu ZH. Ultrafine Ni-MoO x Nanoparticles Anchored on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanosheets: A Highly Efficient Noble-Metal-Free Catalyst for Ammonia Borane Hydrolysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400415. [PMID: 38482550 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The development of low-cost and high-efficiency catalysts for the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB, NH3BH3) is still a challenging technology. Herein, ultrafine MoOx-doped Ni nanoparticles (~3.0 nm) were anchored on g-C3N4@glucose-derived nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets via a phosphate-mediated method. The strong adsorption of phosphate-mediated nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (PNCS) for metal ions is a key factor for the preparation of ultrasmall Ni nanoparticles (NPs). Notably, the alkaline environment formed by the reduction of metal ions removes the phosphate from the PNCS surface to generate P-free (P)NCS so that the phosphate does not participate in the subsequent catalytic reaction. The synthesized Ni-MoOx/(P)NCS catalysts exhibited outstanding catalytic properties for the hydrolysis of AB, with a high turnover frequency (TOF) value of up to 85.7 min-1, comparable to the most efficient noble-metal-free catalysts and commercial Pt/C catalyst ever reported for catalytic hydrogen production from AB hydrolysis. The superior performance of Ni-MoOx/(P)NCS can be ascribed to its well-dispersed ultrafine metal NPs, abundant surface basic sites, and electron-rich nickel species induced by strong electronic interactions between Ni-MoOx and (P)NCS. The strategy of combining multiple modification measures adopted in this study provides new insights into the development of economical and high-efficiency noble-metal-free catalysts for energy catalysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Catalysis and Conversion of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Longhua Yao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Catalysis and Conversion of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xiongfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Energy Catalysis and Conversion of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Catalysis and Conversion of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Information Atlas (Putian University) Fujian Provincial University, Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Gang Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Qilu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Catalysis and Conversion of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Catalysis and Conversion of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zhang-Hui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Catalysis and Conversion of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
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Chen X, Luo X, Zhang X, Wang H, Li Y, Ye L, Zheng J, Li H. Regulation of Electronic Structures of the Urchin-Like NiCoP/CoP Nanocatalysts for Fast Hydrogen Evolution. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304266. [PMID: 38369590 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of stable, efficient, and low-cost catalysts toward ammonia borane hydrolysis is of vital significance for the practical implementation of this hydrogen production technology. Integrating interface engineering and nano-architecture engineering is a favorable strategy to elevate catalytic performance, as it can modify the electronic structure and provide sufficient active sites simultaneously. In this work, urchin-like NiCoP/CoP heterostructures are prepared via a three-step hydrothermal-oxidation-phosphorization synthesis route. It is demonstrated that the original Ni/Co molar ratio and the amount of phosphorus are crucial for adjusting the morphology, enhancing the exposed surface area, facilitating charge transfer, and modulating the adsorption and activation of H2O molecules. Consequently, the optimal Ni1Co2P heterostructure displays remarkable catalytic properties in the hydrolysis of ammonia borane with a turnover frequency (TOF) value of 30.3 molH2 ⋅ min-1 ⋅ molmetal -1, a low apparent activation energy of 25.89 kJ ⋅ mol-1, and good stability. Furthermore, by combining infrared spectroscopy and isotope kinetics experiments, a possible mechanism for the hydrolysis of ammonia borane was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Chen
- School of chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, No.46, Yanda Avenue, Huizhou, 516007, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Electronic Functional Materials and Devices, Huizhou University, No.46, Yanda Avenue, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- School of chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, No.46, Yanda Avenue, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- School of chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, No.46, Yanda Avenue, Huizhou, 516007, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Electronic Functional Materials and Devices, Huizhou University, No.46, Yanda Avenue, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Huize Wang
- School of chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, No.46, Yanda Avenue, Huizhou, 516007, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Electronic Functional Materials and Devices, Huizhou University, No.46, Yanda Avenue, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Yongcheng Li
- School of chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, No.46, Yanda Avenue, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Lifang Ye
- School of chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, No.46, Yanda Avenue, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Jiahua Zheng
- School of chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, No.46, Yanda Avenue, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, No.46, Yanda Avenue, Huizhou, 516007, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Electronic Functional Materials and Devices, Huizhou University, No.46, Yanda Avenue, Huizhou, 516007, China
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8
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Butenko VR, Komova OV, Simagina VI, Lipatnikova IL, Ozerova AM, Danilova NA, Rogov VA, Odegova GV, Bulavchenko OA, Chesalov YA, Netskina OV. Co and Co 3O 4 in the Hydrolysis of Boron-Containing Hydrides: H 2O Activation on the Metal and Oxide Active Centers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1794. [PMID: 38673151 PMCID: PMC11050988 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This work focuses on the comparison of H2 evolution in the hydrolysis of boron-containing hydrides (NaBH4, NH3BH3, and (CH2NH2BH3)2) over the Co metal catalyst and the Co3O4-based catalysts. The Co3O4 catalysts were activated in the reaction medium, and a small amount of CuO was added to activate Co3O4 under the action of weaker reducers (NH3BH3, (CH2NH2BH3)2). The high activity of Co3O4 has been previously associated with its reduced states (nanosized CoBn). The performed DFT modeling shows that activating water on the metal-like surface requires overcoming a higher energy barrier compared to hydride activation. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on understanding the impact of the remaining cobalt oxide phase. The XRD, TPR H2, TEM, Raman, and ATR FTIR confirm the formation of oxygen vacancies in the Co3O4 structure in the reaction medium, which increases the amount of adsorbed water. The kinetic isotopic effect measurements in D2O, as well as DFT modeling, reveal differences in water activation between Co and Co3O4-based catalysts. It can be assumed that the oxide phase serves not only as a precursor and support for the reduced nanosized cobalt active component but also as a key catalyst component that improves water activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav R. Butenko
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (V.R.B.); (V.I.S.); (I.L.L.); (A.M.O.); (N.A.D.); (V.A.R.); (G.V.O.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.C.); (O.V.N.)
| | - Oksana V. Komova
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (V.R.B.); (V.I.S.); (I.L.L.); (A.M.O.); (N.A.D.); (V.A.R.); (G.V.O.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.C.); (O.V.N.)
| | - Valentina I. Simagina
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (V.R.B.); (V.I.S.); (I.L.L.); (A.M.O.); (N.A.D.); (V.A.R.); (G.V.O.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.C.); (O.V.N.)
| | - Inna L. Lipatnikova
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (V.R.B.); (V.I.S.); (I.L.L.); (A.M.O.); (N.A.D.); (V.A.R.); (G.V.O.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.C.); (O.V.N.)
| | - Anna M. Ozerova
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (V.R.B.); (V.I.S.); (I.L.L.); (A.M.O.); (N.A.D.); (V.A.R.); (G.V.O.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.C.); (O.V.N.)
| | - Natalya A. Danilova
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (V.R.B.); (V.I.S.); (I.L.L.); (A.M.O.); (N.A.D.); (V.A.R.); (G.V.O.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.C.); (O.V.N.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Rogov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (V.R.B.); (V.I.S.); (I.L.L.); (A.M.O.); (N.A.D.); (V.A.R.); (G.V.O.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.C.); (O.V.N.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Galina V. Odegova
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (V.R.B.); (V.I.S.); (I.L.L.); (A.M.O.); (N.A.D.); (V.A.R.); (G.V.O.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.C.); (O.V.N.)
| | - Olga A. Bulavchenko
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (V.R.B.); (V.I.S.); (I.L.L.); (A.M.O.); (N.A.D.); (V.A.R.); (G.V.O.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.C.); (O.V.N.)
| | - Yuriy A. Chesalov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (V.R.B.); (V.I.S.); (I.L.L.); (A.M.O.); (N.A.D.); (V.A.R.); (G.V.O.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.C.); (O.V.N.)
| | - Olga V. Netskina
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (V.R.B.); (V.I.S.); (I.L.L.); (A.M.O.); (N.A.D.); (V.A.R.); (G.V.O.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.C.); (O.V.N.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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9
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Xu Z, Sun X, Chen Y. Exploring Enhanced Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane with Porous Graphene-Supported Platinum Catalysts. Molecules 2024; 29:1761. [PMID: 38675581 PMCID: PMC11052364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene is a good support for immobilizing catalysts, due to its large theoretical specific surface area and high electric conductivity. Solid chemical converted graphene, in a form with multiple layers, decreases the practical specific surface area. Building pores in graphene can increase specific surface area and provide anchor sites for catalysts. In this study, we have prepared porous graphene (PG) via the process of equilibrium precipitation followed by carbothermal reduction of ZnO. During the equilibrium precipitation process, hydrolyzed N,N-dimethylformamide sluggishly generates hydroxyl groups which transform Zn2+ into amorphous ZnO nanodots anchored on reduced graphene oxide. After carbothermal reduction of zinc oxide, micropores are formed in PG. When the Zn2+ feeding amount is 0.12 mmol, the average size of the Pt nanoparticles on PG in the catalyst is 7.25 nm. The resulting Pt/PG exhibited the highest turnover frequency of 511.6 min-1 for ammonia borane hydrolysis, which is 2.43 times that for Pt on graphene without the addition of Zn2+. Therefore, PG treated via equilibrium precipitation and subsequent carbothermal reduction can serve as an effective support for the catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Faculty of Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yao Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Faculty of Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
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10
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Guan S, Yuan Z, Zhuang Z, Zhang H, Wen H, Fan Y, Li B, Wang D, Liu B. Why do Single-Atom Alloys Catalysts Outperform both Single-Atom Catalysts and Nanocatalysts on MXene? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316550. [PMID: 38038407 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom alloys (SAAs), combining the advantages of single-atom and nanoparticles (NPs), play an extremely significant role in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Nevertheless, understanding the catalytic mechanism of SAAs in catalysis reactions remains a challenge compared with single atoms and NPs. Herein, ruthenium-nickel SAAs (RuNiSAAs ) synthesized by embedding atomically dispersed Ru in Ni NPs are anchored on two-dimensional Ti3 C2 Tx MXene. The RuNiSAA-3 -Ti3 C2 Tx catalysts exhibit unprecedented activity for hydrogen evolution from ammonia borane (AB, NH3 BH3 ) hydrolysis with a mass-specific activity (rmass ) value of 333 L min-1 gRu -1 . Theoretical calculations reveal that the anchoring of SAAs on Ti3 C2 Tx optimizes the dissociation of AB and H2 O as well as the binding ability of H* intermediates during AB hydrolysis due to the d-band structural modulation caused by the alloying effect and metal-supports interactions (MSI) compared with single atoms and NPs. This work provides useful design principles for developing and optimizing efficient hydrogen-related catalysts and demonstrates the advantages of SAAs over NPs and single atoms in energy catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2001 Century Avenue, 454000, Jiaozuo, P. R. China
| | - Zhenluo Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2001 Century Avenue, 454000, Jiaozuo, P. R. China
| | - Zechao Zhuang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2001 Century Avenue, 454000, Jiaozuo, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wen
- Research Center of Green Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, 450001, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2001 Century Avenue, 454000, Jiaozuo, P. R. China
| | - Baojun Li
- Research Center of Green Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, 450001, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Baozhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2001 Century Avenue, 454000, Jiaozuo, P. R. China
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11
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Zhang K, Wang N, Meng Y, Zhang T, Zhao P, Sun Q, Yu J. Highly dispersed Pd-based pseudo-single atoms in zeolites for hydrogen generation and pollutant disposal. Chem Sci 2023; 15:379-388. [PMID: 38131096 PMCID: PMC10732228 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05851d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Atomically dispersed metal catalysts with excellent activity and stability are highly desired in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we synthesized zeolite-encaged Pd-based pseudo-single atoms via a facile and energy-efficient ligand-protected direct H2 reduction method. Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, extended X-ray absorption, and pair distribution function measurements reveal that the metal species are close to atomic-level dispersion and completely confined within the intersectional channels of silicalite-1 (S-1) zeolite with the MFI framework. The Pd@S-1-H exhibits excellent activity and stability in methane combustion reactions with a complete combustion temperature of 390 °C, and no deactivation is observed even after 100 h on stream. The optimized bimetallic 0.8Pd0.2Ni(OH)2@S-1-H catalyst exhibits an excellent H2 generation rate from FA decomposition without any additives, affording a superhigh turnover frequency up to 9308 h-1 at 333 K, which represents the top activity among all of the best heterogeneous catalysts under similar conditions. Significantly, zeolite-encaged metal catalysts are first used for Cr(vi) reduction coupled with formic acid (FA) dehydrogenation and show a superhigh turnover number of 2980 mol(Cr2O72-) mol(Pd)-1 at 323 K, surpassing all of the previously reported catalysts. This work demonstrates that zeolite-encaged pseudo-single atom catalysts are promising in efficient hydrogen storage and pollutant disposal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Innovation Center for Chemical Science, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Sustainable Energy and Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Yali Meng
- Innovation Center for Chemical Science, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Tianjun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Pu Zhao
- Innovation Center for Chemical Science, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Qiming Sun
- Innovation Center for Chemical Science, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Center of Future Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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12
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Dewangan C, Kumawat S, Bhatt T, Natte K. Homogenous nickel-catalyzed chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes with ammonia-borane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37997758 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05173k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous Ni-catalyzed highly selective transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes was successfully established using NH3BH3 as a hydrogen source. A broad range of functional groups were selectively reduced to provide the corresponding anilines in good to high yields. Further, pharmaceutically active compounds can be prepared that would otherwise be challenging to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitrarekha Dewangan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502 285, Telangana, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumawat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502 285, Telangana, India.
| | - Tarun Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502 285, Telangana, India.
| | - Kishore Natte
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502 285, Telangana, India.
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13
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Wang M, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Liu X. Boosting the Catalytic Performance of NiMoO 4 Nanorods in H 2 Generation upon NH 3BH 3 Hydrolysis via a Reduction Process. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17555-17564. [PMID: 37822237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Although a range of noble metal catalysts, including Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt, and Au, have been developed for efficient H2 generation upon NH3BH3 hydrolysis at room temperature, this is a highly urgent need for exploring earth-abundant metal nanocatalysts for H2 generation upon NH3BH3 hydrolysis. Herein, a NaBH4 reduction strategy was developed to boost the catalytic performance of NiMoO4 nanorods in H2 generation upon NH3BH3 hydrolysis. Indeed, the pristine NiMoO4 nanorods were catalytically inert in NH3BH3 hydrolysis. Significantly, the reduced NiMoO4 nanorods presented excellent catalytic activity in H2 generation upon NH3BH3 hydrolysis, with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 31.2 L(H2)·gcat-1·h-1. Interestingly, the TOF of NH3BH3 hydrolysis over reduced NiMoO4 nanorods significantly increased from 31.2 to 53.6 L(H2)·gcat-1·h-1 under 0.3 M NaOH. The boosting catalytic performance of NiMoO4 nanorods via NaBH4 reduction in H2 generation might be attributed to the higher content of Oads and the formation of nickel boride in the reduced NiMoO4 nanorods. In this work, NH3BH3 hydrolysis over reduced NiMoO4 nanorods was not only used for safe H2 generation but also for its in situ tandem hydrogenation in organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Yanlan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
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14
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Zhang Q, Wang Y, Jin X, Liu X. Selective and controlled H 2 generation upon additive-free HCOOH dehydrogenation over a Pd/NCS nanocatalyst. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15975-15981. [PMID: 37782093 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03797e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Although sodium formate is widely used as a conventional additive to enhance selective H2 evolution from HCOOH dehydrogenation, this leads to a waste of resources and an increase in the cost of H2 production. For this reason, N-doped carbon nanospheres with abundant graphitic C/N have been designed to enrich the electron cloud density of the Pd atom for improving its catalytic activity in H2 generation upon additive-free HCOOH dehydrogenation. Herein, we have synthesized N-doped carbon nanosphere-stabilized Pd nanoparticles (Pd/NCSs) as high-efficiency nano-catalysts, via fixation of Pd nanoparticles onto N-doped carbon nanospheres (NCSs), for selective and controlled H2 generation upon additive-free HCOOH dehydrogenation. Pd/NCS-800 (1640 h-1) provided a 12 times larger TOF than commercial Pd/C (134 h-1) in H2 generation upon additive-free HCOOH dehydrogenation. It seemed that graphitic N/C of NCS-800 enriched the electron cloud density of the Pd atom, which was favorable for the cleavage of C-H bonds in HCOOH dehydrogenation. In addition, the selective H2 evolution from additive-free HCOOH dehydrogenation over Pd/NCS-800 is successfully controlled by adjusting the pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China.
| | - Yanlan Wang
- Department of chemistry and chemical engineering, Liaocheng University, 252059 Liaocheng, China
| | - Xiaotao Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China.
| | - Xiang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China.
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