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Opara I, Weser V, Sands B, Fernandes CSF, Hussett-Richardson S, Hieftje K. Feeling Invisible and Unheard: A Qualitative Exploration of Gendered-Racist Stereotypes Influence on Sexual Decision Making and Mistreatment of Black Teen Girls. YOUTH & SOCIETY 2022; 54:527-546. [PMID: 35812173 PMCID: PMC9265258 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x221075051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gendered racism can impact how Black teen girls perceive themselves in relation to the world and influence their behaviors. This form of discrimination tends to manifest in stereotypes that promote the victimization and mistreatment of Black teen girls. This qualitative study, using Black feminist thought through a Black Girlhood lens as a guiding framework, aims to understand how Black teen girls are affected by gendered-racist stereotypes and how these stereotypes impact sexual decision making among this group. Using a sample of (N = 27) Black teen girls, three major themes arose: (1) experiencing the effects of racist-sexist stereotypes, (2) feeling powerless and invisible due to stereotypes, and (3) navigating the pressure to have sex due to stereotypes. Implications for this study include incorporating elements of Black Feminist Thought through a Black girlhood lens within prevention programing while also providing Black teen girls with the tools to challenge negative stereotypes with support from adult allies in school and family settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma Opara
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Rose T, Hope MO, Powell TW, Chan V. A very present help: The role of religious support for Black adolescent girls' mental well-being. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:1267-1281. [PMID: 33997987 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explored religious emotional support as a mediator of the association between organized religious involvement (ORI) and mental well-being among African American and Caribbean Black girls. Data are drawn from a nationally representative survey of Black adolescents. The sample was composed of African American (n = 412) and Caribbean Black (n = 165) girls, aged 13-17. Structural equation modeling tested direct and indirect effects of ORI on mental well-being, through religious emotional support. For African American girls, ORI was not directly related to any of the mental well-being outcomes. Religious emotional support mediated the association between ORI and self-esteem, mastery, and life satisfaction. For Caribbean Black girls, ORI was negatively associated with mastery and life satisfaction. Religious emotional support mediated the association between ORI and life satisfaction. Results suggest that the well-being benefits of ORI for Black girls only remain significant in the presence of religious emotional support and are different for ethnic subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theda Rose
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Meredith O Hope
- National Center for Institutional Diversity, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Terrinieka W Powell
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Chan
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Hsieh HF, Mistry R, Lee DB, Scott BA, Eisman AB, Heinze JE, Zimmerman MA. The Longitudinal Association Between Exposure to Violence and Patterns of Health Risk Behaviors Among African American Youth. Am J Health Promot 2021; 35:794-802. [PMID: 33657868 DOI: 10.1177/0890117121995776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigate whether exposure to violence (ETV) during adolescence and emerging adulthood predicts engagement in chronic disease-related health risk behaviors years later among African Americans. DESIGN A longitudinal study following youth from mid-adolescence (mean age = 14.8 years) to young adulthood (mean age = 32.0 years). SETTING Flint, Michigan. SAMPLE Four hundred forty-two African American (96.2%) and mixed African American and White (3.8%) participants. MEASURES Outcomes were diet, smoking, drinking, and physical inactivity. Covariates were ETV, sex, mother's educational attainment, and substance use by siblings, peers, and parents. ANALYSIS Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify distinct patterns of adult health risk behaviors and assess the association of youth ETV and identified patterns. RESULTS Four latent profiles were identified: high substance use (n = 46; 10.41%), high overall risk (n = 71; 16.06%), low overall risk (n = 140; 31.67%) and inactive (n = 185, 41.86%). Relative to the low overall risk profile, ETV was associated with being in the high overall risk profile (b = 0.37, p = 0.04), but not other profiles. Female gender and higher maternal education were associated with being in the inactive profile compared to the low overall risk profile. Peer alcohol and tobacco use were associated with being in the high substance use profile. CONCLUSION ETV during adolescence and emerging adulthood increased the risk of engagement in multiple health risk behaviors later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ritesh Mistry
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel B Lee
- Children's Minnesota Hospitals and Clinics, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Briana A Scott
- Combined Program in Education and Psychology, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andria B Eisman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin E Heinze
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marc A Zimmerman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Heinze JE, Hsieh HF, Thulin E, Howe K, Miller AL, Zimmerman MA. Adolescent Exposure to Violence and Intimate-Partner Violence Mediated by Mental Distress. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 72:101215. [PMID: 33384463 PMCID: PMC7771647 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2020.101215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent exposure to violence (ETV) is associated with multiple negative health outcomes. Despite evidence linking adolescent ETV with later experiences of physical, sexual and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, more longitudinal evidence is needed, and potential explanatory mechanisms should be tested. We examine data collected over 17 years to analyze the mediating effects of mental distress and substance use on the association between cumulative ETV in adolescence and IPV in adulthood. Adolescent (M ages=15-18 years) ETV was associated with IPV outcomes in adulthood (M age=32 years). In parallel mediation models, mental distress in emerging adulthood (M ages=20-23 years) fully mediated the effect of adolescent ETV on later IPV outcomes. Although substance use predicted experience of IPV, it did not mediate the association between ETV and IPV. These findings have implications for understanding trajectories of risk following violence exposure and inform intervention work through identifying developmental periods where ETV contributes to later IPV victimization.
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Taggart T, Milburn NG, Nyhan K, Ritchwood TD. Utilizing a Life Course Approach to Examine HIV Risk for Black Adolescent Girls and Young Adult Women in the United States: A Systematic Review of Recent Literature. Ethn Dis 2020; 30:277-286. [PMID: 32346273 DOI: 10.18865/ed.30.2.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Black female youth have been disproportionately burdened by the HIV epidemic. Emerging literature suggests that individual and social-structural factors may uniquely increase HIV risk within this population during key developmental periods, namely adolescence (ages 10-17 years) and emerging adulthood (ages 18-25 years). Few studies, however, have compared drivers of risk within and between these key developmental periods. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of recent literature to characterize and identify important gaps in our understanding of the individual, psychosocial, and social-structural determinants of HIV risk among Black adolescent girls and emerging adult women. Design Using a replicable strategy, we searched electronic databases for articles and abstracts published between October 1, 2017 and September 30, 2019 in which the primary focus was on HIV prevention among Black adolescent girls and emerging adults in the United States. Results In total, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies on Black adolescent girls assessed family functioning, parental monitoring, and parent-adolescent communication as determinants of HIV-related behaviors. However, equivalent studies were lacking for Black emerging adult women. Moreover, few studies assessed neighborhood characteristics, social networks, or other community-level factors as determinants of HIV-related behaviors, which are known drivers of HIV disparities. Conclusions Our findings highlighted several gaps in the literature, including failure to recognize the ethnic and cultural differences among Black women that may contribute to behavioral differences within this population and insufficient acknowledgment of the role of HIV protective factors (eg, resilience and community assets). Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Taggart
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Norweeta G Milburn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kate Nyhan
- Yale School of Public Health; Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Tiarney D Ritchwood
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Hope MO, Taggart T, Galbraith-Gyan KV, Nyhan K. Black Caribbean Emerging Adults: A Systematic Review of Religion and Health. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:431-451. [PMID: 31828596 PMCID: PMC7722983 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Religion, a prominent factor among Black diasporic communities, influences their health outcomes. Given the increase in Black Caribbeans living in the United States, it is important to understand how religion's function among different ethnic groups of Black Americans. We systematically reviewed four databases and included articles of any study design if they (a) focused on the religious experiences of emerging adults (18-29 years) identifying as Black Caribbean in the United States, in light of medical, public health, or mental health outcomes, and (b) were published before November 30, 2018. Study results contribute to future studies' conceptualization and measurement of religion among Black Caribbean emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith O Hope
- National Center for Institutional Diversity, University of Michigan, 610 East University Avenue, Suite 3338, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Tamara Taggart
- Department of Prevention & Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kayoll V Galbraith-Gyan
- School of Nursing, Northeastern University, Robinson Hall, 336 Huntingdon Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kate Nyhan
- Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, P.O. Box 208014, New Haven, CT, 06520-8014, USA
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Where Our Bright Star Is Cast: Religiosity, Spirituality, and Positive Black Development in Urban Landscapes. RELIGIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rel10120654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Social science research offers a particular, narrow view of the lived experiences of Black urban-residing people. When the religious and spiritual lives of Black urban residents are viewed through this narrow lens, the diversity of religious and spiritual experiences and the connections between everyday life and positive outcomes, such as compassion, hope, liberation, joy, etc., become flattened, doing a disservice to the very people whose experiences we aim to understand. We contend that understanding the link between religiosity, spirituality, and positive development among Black urban-residing people requires us to pay attention to the ways that faith helps Black people to navigate the sequelae of five distinct sociopolitical features of urban life. We propose a conceptual framework that links these sociopolitical factors to religiosity, spirituality, and positive development among Black youth and adults residing in urban spaces. We conclude with recommendations applicable to the study of Black urban religiosity and spirituality.
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