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Onsod P, Jaranasaksakul W, Chareonsirisuthigul T, Parinayok R, Rerkamnuaychoke B, Areesirisuk P. Chromosomal abnormalities study for anembryonic pregnancy by BACs-on-Beads technique. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 298:31-34. [PMID: 38705011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the BACs-on-Beads™ (BoBs) efficiency assay in detecting chromosomal anomalies in products of conception (POC) specimens associated with anembryonic pregnancy (AP) among Thai pregnant women. METHOD Retrospective analysis applied the BoBs™ assay to examine AP samples from 2010 to 2022. The incidences of AP with chromosomal abnormalities were reported. RESULT Assessment of villi from anembryonic pregnancy samples found normal chromosome complement in 50% of the cases, while the remainder showed chromosomal abnormalities. Trisomy 16 was found in 15% of the cases and trisomies 22, 15, and 19 in 9.6%, 3.8%, and 3.8%, respectively. Advanced maternal age was associated with a higher incidence of aneuploidy. CONCLUSION The BoBs™ assay effectively detected diverse chromosomal abnormalities in villi samples from POC. The diagnostic utility of the BoBs™ assay was highlighted in identifying chromosomal irregularities in AP cases. Trisomy 16 possessed the most chromosomal abnormalities in the AP samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preyaporn Onsod
- Human Genetic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchatewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watcharapa Jaranasaksakul
- Human Genetic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchatewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Takol Chareonsirisuthigul
- Human Genetic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchatewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rachanee Parinayok
- Human Genetic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchatewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Budsaba Rerkamnuaychoke
- Human Genetic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchatewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapatsorn Areesirisuk
- Human Genetic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchatewi, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Phung V, Singh KE, Danon S, Tan CA, Dabagh S. Non-mosaic trisomy 22 and congenital heart surgery using the shared decision making model: a case report. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:122. [PMID: 36932325 PMCID: PMC10024442 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-03949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liveborn infants with non-mosaic trisomy 22 are rarely described in the medical literature. Reported lifespan of these patients ranges from minutes to 3 years, with the absence of cardiac anomalies associated with longer-term survival. The landscape for offering cardiac surgery to patients with rare autosomal trisomies is currently evolving, as has been demonstrated recently in trisomies 13 and 18. However, limited available data on patients with rare autosomal trisomies provides a significant challenge in perinatal counseling, especially when there are options for surgical intervention. CASE PRESENTATION In this case report, we describe an infant born at term with prenatally diagnosed apparently non-mosaic trisomy 22 and multiple cardiac anomalies, including a double outlet right ventricle, hypoplastic aortic valve and severe aortic arch hypoplasia, who underwent cardiac surgery. The decisions made by her family lending to her progress and survival to this day were made with a focus on the shared decision making model and support in the prenatal and perinatal period. We also review the published data on survival and quality of life after cardiac surgery in infants with rare trisomies. CONCLUSIONS This patient is the only known case of apparently non-mosaic trisomy 22 in the literature who has undergone cardiac surgery with significant survival benefit. This case highlights the impact of using a shared decision making model when there is prognostic uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Phung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics, Miller Women and Children's Hospital, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Saar Danon
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Miller Women and Children's Hospital, Long Beach, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Christopher A Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, USA
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Miller Women and Children's Hospital, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Dabagh
- Department of Palliative Care, Miller Women and Children's Hospital, Long Beach, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
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Lin AE, Santoro S, High FA, Goldenberg P, Gutmark-Little I. Congenital heart defects associated with aneuploidy syndromes: New insights into familiar associations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 184:53-63. [PMID: 31868316 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The frequent occurrence of congenital heart defects (CHDs) in chromosome abnormality syndromes is well-known, and among aneuploidy syndromes, distinctive patterns have been delineated. We update the type and frequency of CHDs in the aneuploidy syndromes involving trisomy 13, 18, 21, and 22, and in several sex chromosome abnormalities (Turner syndrome, trisomy X, Klinefelter syndrome, 47,XYY, and 48,XXYY). We also discuss the impact of noninvasive prenatal screening (mainly, cell-free DNA analysis), critical CHD screening, and the growth of parental advocacy on their surgical management and natural history. We encourage clinicians to view the cardiac diagnosis as a "phenotype" which supplements the external dysmorphology examination. When detected prenatally, severe CHDs may influence decision-making, and postnatally, they are often the major determinants of survival. This review should be useful to geneticists, cardiologists, neonatologists, perinatal specialists, other pediatric specialists, and general pediatricians. As patients survive (and thrive) into adulthood, internists and related adult specialists will also need to be informed about their natural history and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela E Lin
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie Santoro
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frances A High
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paula Goldenberg
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Iris Gutmark-Little
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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4
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Iourov IY, Vorsanova SG, Yurov YB, Kutsev SI. Ontogenetic and Pathogenetic Views on Somatic Chromosomal Mosaicism. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E379. [PMID: 31109140 PMCID: PMC6562967 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular karyotypic variability has been a focus of genetic research for more than 50 years. It has been repeatedly shown that chromosome heterogeneity manifesting as chromosomal mosaicism is associated with a variety of human diseases. Due to the ability of changing dynamically throughout the ontogeny, chromosomal mosaicism may mediate genome/chromosome instability and intercellular diversity in health and disease in a bottleneck fashion. However, the ubiquity of negligibly small populations of cells with abnormal karyotypes results in difficulties of the interpretation and detection, which may be nonetheless solved by post-genomic cytogenomic technologies. In the post-genomic era, it has become possible to uncover molecular and cellular pathways to genome/chromosome instability (chromosomal mosaicism or heterogeneity) using advanced whole-genome scanning technologies and bioinformatic tools. Furthermore, the opportunities to determine the effect of chromosomal abnormalities on the cellular phenotype seem to be useful for uncovering the intrinsic consequences of chromosomal mosaicism. Accordingly, a post-genomic review of chromosomal mosaicism in the ontogenetic and pathogenetic contexts appears to be required. Here, we review chromosomal mosaicism in its widest sense and discuss further directions of cyto(post)genomic research dedicated to chromosomal heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Y Iourov
- Yurov's Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia.
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 125412 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Svetlana G Vorsanova
- Yurov's Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia.
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 125412 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yuri B Yurov
- Yurov's Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia.
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 125412 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergei I Kutsev
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia.
- Molecular & Cell Genetics Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complete non-mosaic trisomy 22 is a fatal chromosomal disorder that only few fetuses can survive over 12 weeks as reported. Prenatal sonographic findings combined with postnatal or postmortem discoveries showed characteristic multi-systematic anomalies. PATIENT CONCERNS The unborn baby of a 35-year-old pregnant woman was found to have several anomalies during a prenatal sonographic scan, including intrauterine growth retardation, ventricular septal defect, flat facial profile, and unclear bilateral kidney structures. DIAGNOSES The fetus was diagnosed as having complete non-mosaic trisomy 22 by chromosomal analysis. INTERVENTIONS The pregnancy was terminated at 24 weeks, and autopsy was permitted. OUTCOMES Postmortem examinations revealed additional long-sectional spina bifida occulta and imperforate anus. CONCLUSIONS This was the first time a case of spinal cord defect was reported in trisomy 22 fetuses. More attention should be paid to the spinal cord during sonographic examinations in trisomy 22 fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Na Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Dachun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Kehinde FI, Anderson CE, McGowan JE, Jethva RN, Wahab MA, Glick AR, Sterner MR, Pascasio JM, Punnett HH, Liu J. Co-occurrence of non-mosaic trisomy 22 and inherited balanced t(4;6)(q33;q23.3) in a liveborn female: Case report and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:3187-93. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Folasade I. Kehinde
- Section of Neonatology; St. Christopher's Hospital for Children; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Carol E. Anderson
- Section of Medical Genetics; St. Christopher's Hospital for Children; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Jane E. McGowan
- Section of Neonatology; St. Christopher's Hospital for Children; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Reena N. Jethva
- Section of Medical Genetics; St. Christopher's Hospital for Children; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Mohammed A. Wahab
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; St. Christopher's Hospital for Children; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Adina R. Glick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; St. Christopher's Hospital for Children; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Mark R. Sterner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; St. Christopher's Hospital for Children; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Judy M. Pascasio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; St. Christopher's Hospital for Children; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Hope H. Punnett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; St. Christopher's Hospital for Children; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Jinglan Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; St. Christopher's Hospital for Children; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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7
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Naicker T, Aldous C. Two trisomy 22 live births in one hospital in 15 months: is it as rare as we thought? Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2014; 33:35-41. [PMID: 24093507 DOI: 10.3109/15513815.2013.842273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We report two cases of complete non-mosaic trisomy 22 who were born within 15 months of each other in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. In an effort to consolidate diagnostic criteria to suspect trisomy 22 prior to chromosomal testing, we compare the clinical features of these infants with those of 23 other trisomy 22 live borns presented in the literature. We further compare the clinical phenotype of trisomy 22 with those of trisomies 13 and 18 to delineate a clinical picture to presume possible trisomy 22 soon after birth. Dysmorphic features which distinguish trisomy 22 from trisomy 13 and 18 include hypertelorism, long philtrum, long and thin upper lip, webbing of the neck, low set, wide spread nipples and an abnormal anus. Given the poor prognosis of this disorder and early mortality of most confirmed cases, non-aggressive versus aggressive treatment measures should be weighed up as soon after birth as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirona Naicker
- Clinical Genetics, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital , Durban , South Africa
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8
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Heinrich T, Nanda I, Rehn M, Zollner U, Frieauff E, Wirbelauer J, Grimm T, Schmid M. Live-born trisomy 22: patient report and review. Mol Syndromol 2013; 3:262-9. [PMID: 23599696 DOI: 10.1159/000346189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 22 is a common trisomy in spontaneous abortions. In contrast, live-born trisomy 22 is rarely seen due to severe organ malformations associated with this condition. Here, we report on a male infant with complete, non-mosaic trisomy 22 born at 35 + 5 weeks via caesarean section. Peripheral blood lymphocytes and fibroblasts showed an additional chromosome 22 in all metaphases analyzed (47,XY,+22). In addition, array CGH confirmed complete trisomy 22. The patient's clinical features included dolichocephalus, hypertelorism, flattened nasal bridge, dysplastic ears with preauricular sinuses and tags, medial cleft palate, anal atresia, and coronary hypospadias with scrotum bipartitum. Essential treatment was implemented in close coordination with the parents. The child died 29 days after birth due to respiratory insufficiency and deterioration of renal function. Our patient's history complements other reports illustrating that children with complete trisomy 22 may survive until birth and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Heinrich
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Choi H, Lau TK, Jiang FM, Chan MK, Zhang HY, Lo PSS, Chen F, Zhang L, Wang W. Fetal aneuploidy screening by maternal plasma DNA sequencing: 'false positive' due to confined placental mosaicism. Prenat Diagn 2012. [PMID: 23192749 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Zhang B, Zhao G, Yang HF, Wang D, Yu JL, Huang HY. Assessment of risk factors for early seizures following surgery for meningiomas using logistic regression analysis. J Int Med Res 2012; 39:1728-35. [PMID: 22117973 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analysed the influence of clinical factors on early postoperative seizures in patients with meningiomas and constructed a logistic regression equation for assessing risk factors. Clinical data from 222 patients with meningiomas were collected. The odds ratios (ORs) for independent variables were determined: the ORs for preoperative seizure history and movement disorder were > 1, whereas the OR for prophylactic therapy was < 1. A logistic regression analysis was then performed to select potential risk factors for early postoperative seizures. Five variables (preoperative seizure history, movement disorder, tumour location, primary location of initial tumour and prophylactic therapy) were introduced into the regression model. A logistic regression equation was then constructed that had a positive predictive value of 66.65% and a negative predictive value of 84.95%. This suggested that the five variables introduced in the equation were closely associated with early postoperative seizures, with preoperative seizure history and movement disorder as potential risk factors and prophylactic therapy as a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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11
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Hartman RJ, Rasmussen SA, Botto LD, Riehle-Colarusso T, Martin CL, Cragan JD, Shin M, Correa A. The contribution of chromosomal abnormalities to congenital heart defects: a population-based study. Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 32:1147-57. [PMID: 21728077 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-011-0034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities among infants with congenital heart defects (CHDs) in an analysis of population-based surveillance data. We reviewed data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, a population-based birth-defects surveillance system, to assess the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities among live-born infants and fetal deaths with CHDs delivered from January 1, 1994, to December 31, 2005. Among 4430 infants with CHDs, 547 (12.3%) had a chromosomal abnormality. CHDs most likely to be associated with a chromosomal abnormality were interrupted aortic arch (type B and not otherwise specified; 69.2%), atrioventricular septal defect (67.2%), and double-outlet right ventricle (33.3%). The most common chromosomal abnormalities observed were trisomy 21 (52.8%), trisomy 18 (12.8%), 22q11.2 deletion (12.2%), and trisomy 13 (5.7%). In conclusion, in our study, approximately 1 in 8 infants with a CHD had a chromosomal abnormality. Clinicians should have a low threshold at which to obtain testing for chromosomal abnormalities in infants with CHDs, especially those with certain types of CHDs. Use of new technologies that have become recently available (e.g., chromosomal microarray) may increase the identified contribution of chromosomal abnormalities even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Hartman
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-86, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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Allotey J, Lacaille F, Lees MM, Strautnieks S, Thompson RJ, Davenport M. Congenital bile duct anomalies (biliary atresia) and chromosome 22 aneuploidy. J Pediatr Surg 2008; 43:1736-40. [PMID: 18779018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Biliary atresia is a disease of unknown etiology but not usually thought to have a significant genetic predisposition. We report 5 infants with various forms of chromosome 22 aneuploidy as follows: 2 infants who have classical cat-eye syndrome, 2 who have partial duplication of chromosome 22 (supernumerary der(22) syndrome), and 1 who is mosaic for trisomy 22. All of these infants had significant congenital bile duct anomalies (specifically biliary atresia, n = 4)-that was the most important component of their clinical presentation. We consider whether this has possible implications about the genetic contribution to the etiology of biliary atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Allotey
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, King's College Hospital, SE5 9RS London, United Kingdom
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13
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Mokate T, Leask K, Mehta S, Sharif S, Smith A, Saxena A, Mahmood T. Non-mosaic trisomy 22: a report of 2 cases. Prenat Diagn 2007; 26:962-5. [PMID: 16906599 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Non-mosaic trisomy 22 is a common cause of first trimester miscarriage and has a livebirth incidence of 1 in 30,000-50,000. Consequently there is a paucity of information for counselling parents. Detection in the second trimester is rare. It is commonly associated with severe growth retardation and multiple structural abnormalities. Oligohydramnios is frequently seen and can make detection of other abnormalities difficult. The outlook is uniformly poor and survival beyond the first trimester may present management dilemmas. A thorough fetal assessment including high-resolution cytogenetics with or without FISH is required for counselling. Careful plans for intrapartum and neonatal management may be necessary. The recurrence risk is thought to be low but information is very limited as there have been no reported cases of recurrence. We present two case of non-mosaic trisomy 22 including the first to be diagnosed subsequent to investigation for a high serum screening Down's risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mokate
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tameside General Hospital, Ashton-Under-Lyne, United Kingdom.
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14
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Beaulieu Bergeron M, Tran-Thanh D, Fournet JC, Lemyre E, Lemieux N, Bouron-Dal Soglio D. Male pseudohermaphroditism and gonadal mosaicism in a 47,XY,+22 fetus. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:1768-72. [PMID: 16835917 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy 22 syndrome manifestations include cranial and facial anomalies. Ambiguous genitalia have been described in some fetus, but histological examination of the gonads has been rarely provided. We report here the first case of a male pseudohermaphrodite fetus with non-mosaic full trisomy 22 in amniocytes and presenting with ambiguous external genitalia, testes, and a uterus. In this case, we have further analyzed cytogenetically gonadal and uterine tissues. FISH analyses on paraffin-embedded gonads and uterus indicated the presence of two cell lines: XY and monosomy X, with 22%-50% of uterine cells having monosomy X, while 85%-100% of right and 77%-96% of left testicular cells were XY. The distribution of sex chromosomes observed in these tissues could explain the sexual differentiation observed in this fetus. On the other hand, this phenotype could also have resulted from cryptic anomalies in one or several genes implicated in sexual differentiation. Further evidence is thus needed before identifying the true cause of pseudohermaphroditism in our patient.
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15
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Tonk V, Wilson G, Schutt R, Mock J, Wyandt H, Mark HFL, Ito M. Costovertebral dysplasia in a patient with partial trisomy 22. Exp Mol Pathol 2005; 80:197-200. [PMID: 16259976 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2005.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Accepted: 08/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A newborn female presented with costovertebral dysplasia (CVD), subtle facial anomalies, and neonatal respiratory distress. Her karyotype demonstrated a small supernumerary NOR-positive marker that was subsequently identified as del(22)(q11.2). This extra structurally abnormal chromosome was found by DNA microsatellite marker analyses to be derived from a paternal chromosome 22. The child has had severe growth and developmental delay along with pulmonary insufficiency and hypoxia but is presently stable at age 20 months. Findings in our patient correlate with similar observations in children with small markers derived from D/G and D/D translocations reported before banding technology was available. These reports and recent mapping results suggest that a pericentric gene family, distributed on one or more acrocentric chromosomes, may have played a role in the development of the human axial skeleton. Data from additional studies will be needed to confirm or refute this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Tonk
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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16
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Stressig R, Körtge-Jung S, Hickmann G, Kozlowski P. Prenatal sonographic findings in trisomy 22: five case reports and review of the literature. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2005; 24:1547-53. [PMID: 16239659 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2005.24.11.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to survey prenatal sonographic findings and their frequencies in fetuses with complete trisomy 22 and to identify potential sonographic markers of this aneuploidy. METHODS Sonographic examinations of 5 fetuses were performed and chromosome analysis was conducted after amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, cordocentesis, or a combination thereof. The sonographic findings were compared with other prenatal cases in the literature. RESULTS Intrauterine growth restriction, hypoplastic femurs, nuchal thickening, cerebellar defects, and oligohydramnios were the most frequently observed anomalies in all considered cases of late first-, second-, and third-trimester scans. CONCLUSIONS These anomalies represent commonly accepted sonographic markers for chromosomal defects in general, some recognizable from the time of first-trimester screening (12th-14th weeks of gestation) and stress their importance for prenatal sonographic scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Stressig
- Institute of Prenatal Medicine and Genetics, Graf-Adolf-Strasse 35, 40210 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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17
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Kondrashov FA, Kondrashov AS. Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications. J Theor Biol 2005; 239:141-51. [PMID: 16242725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2005] [Revised: 05/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
New genes commonly appear through complete or partial duplications of pre-existing genes. Duplications of long DNA segments are constantly produced by rare mutations, may become fixed in a population by selection or random drift, and are subject to divergent evolution of the paralogous sequences after fixation, although gene conversion can impede this process. New data shed some light on each of these processes. Mutations which involve duplications can occur through at least two different mechanisms, backward strand slippage during DNA replication and unequal crossing-over. The background rate of duplication of a complete gene in humans is 10(-9)-10(-10) per generation, although many genes located within hot-spots of large-scale mutation are duplicated much more often. Many gene duplications affect fitness strongly, and are responsible, through gene dosage effects, for a number of genetic diseases. However, high levels of intrapopulation polymorphism caused by presence or absence of long, gene-containing DNA segments imply that some duplications are not under strong selection. The polymorphism to fixation ratios appear to be approximately the same for gene duplications and for presumably selectively neutral nucleotide substitutions, which, according to the McDonald-Kreitman test, is consistent with selective neutrality of duplications. However, this pattern can also be due to negative selection against most of segregating duplications and positive selection for at least some duplications which become fixed. Patterns in post-fixation evolution of duplicated genes do not easily reveal the causes of fixations. Many gene duplications which became fixed recently in a variety of organisms were positively selected because the increased expression of the corresponding genes was beneficial. The effects of gene dosage provide a unified framework for studying all phases of the life history of a gene duplication. Application of well-known methods of evolutionary genetics to accumulating data on new, polymorphic, and fixed duplication will enhance our understanding of the role of natural selection in the evolution by gene duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fyodor A Kondrashov
- Rybka Research Institute, 25138 Woodfield School Rd., Gaithersburg, MD 20882, USA
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Bartsch O, Loitzsch A, Kozlowski P, Mazauric ML, Hickmann G. Forty-two supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMCs) in 43 273 prenatal samples: chromosomal distribution, clinical findings, and UPD studies. Eur J Hum Genet 2005; 13:1192-204. [PMID: 16077735 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses were performed on supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMCs) detected in 43,273 prenatal diagnoses over a period of 11 years, 1993-2003. A total of 42 pregnancies with SMC were identified, indicating a prevalence of one in 1032. A total of 15 SMCs were endowed with detectable euchromatin (prevalence, 1/2884), including six SMCs containing the cat eye critical region (CECR) on chromosome 22q11.21 (1/7212). De novo SMCs were found in 29 pregnancies (1/1492), including 14 euchromatic SMCs (48.2%). Follow-up studies were available for 24 cases. Nine pregnancies (37.5%) were terminated; two children (8.3%) were born with Pallister-Killian syndrome and cat eye syndrome (CES), respectively; 13 children (54.1%) showed apparently normal development. Familial SMCs were identified in 13 pregnancies (1/3328) from 11 unrelated women. They were all acrocentric. In all, 10 were heterochromatic and one was an extra der(22)t(11;22) chromosome. A total of 12 cases were available for follow-up. One pregnancy was terminated due to anhydramnios, spina bifida, and cystic-dysplastic kidneys; one child suffered from a der(22) syndrome; 10 children (83.3%) appeared unaffected. Studies for uniparental disomy were performed on seven pregnancies and revealed a case of maternal heterodisomy for chromosome 22. So far this is the largest FISH study of prenatally ascertained SMCs and the first study with detailed data on the prevalence. Findings illustrate the spectrum and clinical outcomes of prenatally diagnosed SMCs, and indicate a higher frequency of SMCs than generally assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bartsch
- Institute for Human Genetics, Mainz University School of Medicine, Mainz, Germany.
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Ruiter EM, Toorman J, Hochstenbach R, de Vries BB. Mosaic trisomy 22 in a boy with a terminal transverse limb reduction defect. Clin Dysmorphol 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/00019605-200404000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Current awareness in prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2003; 23:435-41. [PMID: 12778892 DOI: 10.1002/pd.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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