Mild Wolf-Hirschhorn phenotype and partial GH deficiency in a patient with a 4p terminal deletion

Familial Translocation t(2;4) (q37.3;p16.3), Resulting in a Partial Trisomy of 2q (or 4p) and a Partial Monosomy of 4p (or 2q), Causes Dysplasia

Background: Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, a well-known contiguous microdeletion syndrome, is caused by deletions on chromosome 4p. While the clinical symptoms and the critical region for this disorder have been identified based on genotype-phenotype correlations, duplications in this region have been infrequently reported.

Conclusion: Our case report shows that both deletions and duplications of the Wolf-Hirshhorn critical region cause intellectual disability/developmental delay and multiple congenital anomalies.

Growth trajectory and pubertal tempo from birth till final height in a girl with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome

Growth anomaly is a prominent feature in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS), a rare congenital disorder caused by variable deletion of chromosome 4p. While growth charts have been developed for WHS patients 0–4 years of age and growth data available for Japanese WHS patients 0–17 years, information on pubertal growth and final height among WHS children remain lacking. Growth hormone (GH) therapy has been reported in two GH-sufficient children with WHS, allowing for pre-puberty catch up growth; however, pubertal growth and final height information was also unavailable. We describe the complete growth journey of a GH-sufficient girl with WHS from birth until final height (FH), in relation to her mid parental height (MPH) and target range (TR). Her growth trajectory and pubertal changes during childhood, when she was treated with growth hormone (GH) from 3 years 8 months old till 6 months post-menarche at age 11 years was fully detailed.

Severe short stature and Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome: response to growth hormone in two cases without growth hormone deficiency

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a rare congenital disorder occurring in approximately 1/50 000 births, with marked pre- and postnatal growth failure. WHS results from the hemizygous deletion encompassing the 4p16.3 region. This report of two children with WHS shows that growth hormone treatment in selected children with WHS and severe short stature may have a substantial effect on long-term growth.

A Basic Post-SET Extension of NSDs Is Essential for Nucleosome Binding In Vitro

The nuclear receptor SET domain-containing family of proteins (NSD1, NSD2, and NSD3) is known to mono- and dimethylate lysine 36 of histone H3 (H3K36). Overexpression and translocation of NSDs have been widely implicated in a variety of diseases including cancers. Although the substrate specificity of NSDs has been a subject of many valuable studies, the activity of these proteins has never been fully characterized in vitro. In this study, we present full kinetic characterization of NSD1, NSD2, and NSD3 and provide robust in vitro assays suitable for screening these proteins in a 384-well format using nucleosome as a substrate. Through monitoring the changes in substrate specificity of a series of NSD constructs and using molecular modeling, we show that a basic post-SET extension common to all three NSDs (corresponding to residues 1209 to 1226 of NSD2) is essential for proper positioning on nucleosome substrates.

Tethered cord, corpus callosum abnormalities, and periventricular cysts in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Report of two cases and review of the literature

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (4p-) is a rare disorder with characteristic physical findings. Neuroimaging findings are relatively scarce. We performed a literature search and found 22 reports of neuroimaging findings. We present findings in our two cases, each with the previously unreported finding of a tethered cord. The most common abnormalities were of the corpus callosum, occurring in 71% of all cases. There appears to be a high association in the syndrome between corpus callosal abnormalities and periventricular cysts formation in the first year of life. These cysts eventually fuse with the frontal horns during late infancy with enlargement of the frontal horns. Absence of other causes for periventricular cyst formation, such as perinatal distress, prematurity, or cytomegalovirus infection, appears to strengthen the association. With further studies, neuroimaging findings may eventually assist in the diagnosis of patients with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome.

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome facial dysmorphic features in a patient with a terminal 4p16.3 deletion telomeric to the WHSCR and WHSCR 2 regions

We report on a patient with developmental delay and several facial characteristics reminiscent of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, who carries a terminal 4p16.3 deletion of minimally 1.691 Mb and maximally 1.698 Mb. This deletion contains the FGFRL1 gene, but does not include the WHSC1 gene. Given its expression pattern and its involvement in bone and cartilage formation during embryonic development, the FGFRL1 gene represents a plausible candidate gene for part of the facial characteristics of Wolf-Hirshhorn syndrome in 4p16.3 deletion patients.