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Smallwood K, Watt KEN, Ide S, Baltrunaite K, Brunswick C, Inskeep K, Capannari C, Adam MP, Begtrup A, Bertola DR, Demmer L, Demo E, Devinsky O, Gallagher ER, Guillen Sacoto MJ, Jech R, Keren B, Kussmann J, Ladda R, Lansdon LA, Lunke S, Mardy A, McWalters K, Person R, Raiti L, Saitoh N, Saunders CJ, Schnur R, Skorvanek M, Sell SL, Slavotinek A, Sullivan BR, Stark Z, Symonds JD, Wenger T, Weber S, Whalen S, White SM, Winkelmann J, Zech M, Zeidler S, Maeshima K, Stottmann RW, Trainor PA, Weaver KN. POLR1A variants underlie phenotypic heterogeneity in craniofacial, neural, and cardiac anomalies. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:809-825. [PMID: 37075751 PMCID: PMC10183370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous pathogenic variants in POLR1A, which encodes the largest subunit of RNA Polymerase I, were previously identified as the cause of acrofacial dysostosis, Cincinnati-type. The predominant phenotypes observed in the cohort of 3 individuals were craniofacial anomalies reminiscent of Treacher Collins syndrome. We subsequently identified 17 additional individuals with 12 unique heterozygous variants in POLR1A and observed numerous additional phenotypes including neurodevelopmental abnormalities and structural cardiac defects, in combination with highly prevalent craniofacial anomalies and variable limb defects. To understand the pathogenesis of this pleiotropy, we modeled an allelic series of POLR1A variants in vitro and in vivo. In vitro assessments demonstrate variable effects of individual pathogenic variants on ribosomal RNA synthesis and nucleolar morphology, which supports the possibility of variant-specific phenotypic effects in affected individuals. To further explore variant-specific effects in vivo, we used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to recapitulate two human variants in mice. Additionally, spatiotemporal requirements for Polr1a in developmental lineages contributing to congenital anomalies in affected individuals were examined via conditional mutagenesis in neural crest cells (face and heart), the second heart field (cardiac outflow tract and right ventricle), and forebrain precursors in mice. Consistent with its ubiquitous role in the essential function of ribosome biogenesis, we observed that loss of Polr1a in any of these lineages causes cell-autonomous apoptosis resulting in embryonic malformations. Altogether, our work greatly expands the phenotype of human POLR1A-related disorders and demonstrates variant-specific effects that provide insights into the underlying pathogenesis of ribosomopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Smallwood
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Satoru Ide
- Genome Dynamics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Sokendai (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kristina Baltrunaite
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chad Brunswick
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Katherine Inskeep
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Corrine Capannari
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Margaret P Adam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Laurie Demmer
- Atrium Health's Levine Children's Hospital, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Erin Demo
- Sibley Heart Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily R Gallagher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Robert Jech
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Keren
- Genetic Department, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Kussmann
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Roger Ladda
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lisa A Lansdon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, USA; Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, USA; School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne Mardy
- Department of Women's Health, University of Texas Austin Dell Medical Center, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Raiti
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Carol J Saunders
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, USA; Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, USA; School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Matej Skorvanek
- Department of Neurology, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of L. Pasteur, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Susan L Sell
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Anne Slavotinek
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bonnie R Sullivan
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph D Symonds
- Paediatric Neuroscience Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G667AB, UK
| | - Tara Wenger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sacha Weber
- CCA-AHU de génétique clinique et de neurogénétique, Service de Génétique et de Neurologie, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Sandra Whalen
- Genetic Department, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Susan M White
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Neurogenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shimriet Zeidler
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kazuhiro Maeshima
- Genome Dynamics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Sokendai (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Rolf W Stottmann
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - K Nicole Weaver
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Mittal R, Kumar A, Ladda R, Mainali G, Aliu E. Pitt Hopkins-Like Syndrome 1 with Novel CNTNAP2 Mutation in Siblings. Child Neurol Open 2021; 8:2329048X211055330. [PMID: 34778490 PMCID: PMC8586170 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x211055330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pitt Hopkins-like syndrome 1 (PTHLS1, OMIM # 610042) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive condition with a prevalence of <1/1,000,000. Intragenic deletions of CNTNAP2 has been implicated in PTHLS1, however to our knowledge a compound heterozygous deletion of exon 4 and a c.1977_1989del13; p.V660Ffsx9 frameshift variant have not been published previously. In this case report, the proband is a seven year old female with PTHLS1, developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, focal epilepsy, hypotonia, refractory errors, strabismus, and obstructive sleep apnea. Whole exome sequencing analysis revealed biallelic pathogenic variants of the CNTNAP2 gene. Proband has a three year old sister who has who has a similar phenotype including, developmental delay, epilepsy, gait abnormality, refractory errors, strabismus. Family variants were tested and she shared the same CNTNAP2 variants as her sister. The sisters described highlight two novel variants leading to PTHLS1. Genetic workup is essential in identification and management guidance in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rea Mittal
- Penn State Health College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Penn State Health College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Roger Ladda
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Gayatra Mainali
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Penn State Health College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Ermal Aliu
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
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Legro N, Kees-Folts D, Ladda R, Huerta-Saenz L. Novel Heterozygous Calcium Sensing Receptor (CASR) Genetic Variant in Child with Unique Phenotype: Hypocalcemia, Mandibular Hypoplasia, Renal Cysts and Type E Brachydactyly. J Endocr Soc 2021. [PMCID: PMC8090173 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: There are over 230 disease-causing variants in the calcium-sensing receptor gene (CaSR). Gain-of-function missense mutations in CaSR cause Autosomal Dominant Hypocalcemia (ADH) characterized by hypocalcemia (hCa), hypoparathyroidism (hPTH), and hypercalciuria. Patients with ADH are sensitive to fluctuations in serum calcium (Ca); and supplementation with Ca and vitamin D can cause inappropriate renal calcium retention leading to hypercalcemic events and long-term renal complications. Clinical Case: A 15-year-old adopted (at age 18 months) Korean female was initially diagnosed with hPTH and chronic hCa after presenting with hCa seizures. Laboratory values showed hCa (7.7 mg/dL), hyperphosphatemia (7.6 mg/dL) and hPTH (< 3 pg/mL.) Initially, she was treated with Ca supplementation (20 mg/kg/day elemental Ca), and calcitriol (0.01 mcg/kg/day). She presented at age 4 with hematuria and was found to have obstructive nephrolithiasis requiring operative intervention. Renal ultrasound (US) showed bilateral medullary nephrocalcinosis. She continued treatment with Ca and calcitriol. At age 6, a thiazide diuretic and potassium citrate supplement were added due to hypercalciuria. She had recurrent nephrolithiasis and persistent nephrocalcinosis. Follow-up renal US also showed bilateral renal cysts. Biweekly laboratory evaluation demonstrated an exuberant response to calcium supplementation. Serum Ca levels oscillated between 7.0 -10 mg/dL, but she showed minimal symptoms of hCa. At age 14, she was also recognized to have submandibular hypoplasia and brachydactyly of the 4th and 5th metacarpals and metatarsals bilaterally and genetic testing for CaSR gene mutation was requested. Sshe developed acute kidney injury and hypercalcemia, possibly precipitated by viral illness. However, 3 weeks before, calcitriol dose was increased to 1.25 mcg twice a day (0.07 mcg/kg/day). At admission, serum Ca was 12.7 mg/dL, iPTH 5.2 mg/dL, phosphorus 4.5 mg/dL, BUN 36 mg/dL, creatinine 1.85 mg/dL. Symptoms included headache, muscle spasm and throat spasm. She received intravenous fluids and recovered, but had an extended hospital stay. Targeted genetic analysis of the CaSR gene was completed, and identified a heterozygous variant (c.2506G>T, p.V836L) which is predicted to be likely pathogenic and cause ADH. After CaSR gene mutation identification, the calcitriol and also elemental Ca dosing were decreased to achieve a low Ca level (~7 mg/dL) with normal urine Ca/creatinine ratio. Patient remains asymptomatic. Conclusion: This is the first case of a novel mutation in the CaSR (c.2506G>T, p.V836L) associated with ADH, brachydactyly, renal cysts, and mandibular hypoplasia. Timely genetic testing for ADH in patients with newly diagnosed hPTH can lead to changes in therapy and improved prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Legro
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Deborah Kees-Folts
- Penn State Children’s Hospital/Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Roger Ladda
- Penn State Children’s Hospital/Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lina Huerta-Saenz
- Penn State Children’s Hospital/Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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4
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Reynhout S, Jansen S, Haesen D, van Belle S, de Munnik SA, Bongers EM, Schieving JH, Marcelis C, Amiel J, Rio M, Mclaughlin H, Ladda R, Sell S, Kriek M, Peeters-Scholte CM, Terhal PA, van Gassen KL, Verbeek N, Henry S, Schwoerer JS, Malik S, Revencu N, Ferreira CR, Macnamara E, Braakman HM, Brimble E, Ruzhnikov MR, Wagner M, Harrer P, Wieczorek D, Kuechler A, Tziperman B, Barel O, de Vries BB, Gordon CT, Janssens V, Vissers LE. De Novo Mutations Affecting the Catalytic Cα Subunit of PP2A, PPP2CA, Cause Syndromic Intellectual Disability Resembling Other PP2A-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:357. [PMID: 30735662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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5
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Reynhout S, Jansen S, Haesen D, van Belle S, de Munnik SA, Bongers EM, Schieving JH, Marcelis C, Amiel J, Rio M, Mclaughlin H, Ladda R, Sell S, Kriek M, Peeters-Scholte CM, Terhal PA, van Gassen KL, Verbeek N, Henry S, Scott Schwoerer J, Malik S, Revencu N, Ferreira CR, Macnamara E, Braakman HM, Brimble E, Ruzhnikov MR, Wagner M, Harrer P, Wieczorek D, Kuechler A, Tziperman B, Barel O, de Vries BB, Gordon CT, Janssens V, Vissers LE. De Novo Mutations Affecting the Catalytic Cα Subunit of PP2A, PPP2CA, Cause Syndromic Intellectual Disability Resembling Other PP2A-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:139-156. [PMID: 30595372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2A protein phosphatases (PP2As) are highly expressed in the brain and regulate neuronal signaling by catalyzing phospho-Ser/Thr dephosphorylations in diverse substrates. PP2A holoenzymes comprise catalytic C-, scaffolding A-, and regulatory B-type subunits, which determine substrate specificity and physiological function. Interestingly, de novo mutations in genes encoding A- and B-type subunits have recently been implicated in intellectual disability (ID) and developmental delay (DD). We now report 16 individuals with mild to profound ID and DD and a de novo mutation in PPP2CA, encoding the catalytic Cα subunit. Other frequently observed features were severe language delay (71%), hypotonia (69%), epilepsy (63%), and brain abnormalities such as ventriculomegaly and a small corpus callosum (67%). Behavioral problems, including autism spectrum disorders, were reported in 47% of individuals, and three individuals had a congenital heart defect. PPP2CA de novo mutations included a partial gene deletion, a frameshift, three nonsense mutations, a single amino acid duplication, a recurrent mutation, and eight non-recurrent missense mutations. Functional studies showed complete PP2A dysfunction in four individuals with seemingly milder ID, hinting at haploinsufficiency. Ten other individuals showed mutation-specific biochemical distortions, including poor expression, altered binding to the A subunit and specific B-type subunits, and impaired phosphatase activity and C-terminal methylation. Four were suspected to have a dominant-negative mechanism, which correlated with severe ID. Two missense variants affecting the same residue largely behaved as wild-type in our functional assays. Overall, we found that pathogenic PPP2CA variants impair PP2A-B56(δ) functionality, suggesting that PP2A-related neurodevelopmental disorders constitute functionally converging ID syndromes.
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Lazzara A, Daymont C, Ladda R, Lull J, Ficicioglu C, Cohen JL, Aprile J. Failure to Thrive: An Expanded Differential Diagnosis. J Pediatr Genet 2018; 8:27-32. [PMID: 30775051 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1669445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The patient is a term 6-month-old male, who presented with failure to thrive since birth. History was remarkable for suspected milk and soy protein allergy, gastroesophageal reflux, constipation, and abdominal distension that was present since birth. He was losing weight despite oral intake of over 100 kcal/kg per day. Prior workup including laboratory studies, abdominal X-ray, upper gastrointestinal series with fluoroscopy, barium enema, and abdominal ultrasound were all within normal limits. The patient's history, diagnostic evaluation, and final diagnosis are revealed. This case highlights a rare condition presenting as failure to thrive, a common problem with a wide differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lazzara
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Carrie Daymont
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Roger Ladda
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jordan Lull
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Can Ficicioglu
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jennifer L Cohen
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Justen Aprile
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
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7
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Di Donato N, Kuechler A, Vergano S, Heinritz W, Bodurtha J, Merchant SR, Breningstall G, Ladda R, Sell S, Altmüller J, Bögershausen N, Timms AE, Hackmann K, Schrock E, Collins S, Olds C, Rump A, Dobyns WB. Update on the ACTG1-associated Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2644-51. [PMID: 27240540 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome is caused by heterozygous missense mutations in one of the two ubiquitous cytoplasmic actin-encoding genes ACTB and ACTG1. Recently, we characterized the large cohort of 41 patients presenting with this condition. Our series contained 34 patients with mutations in ACTB and only nine with ACTG1 mutations. Here, we report on seven unrelated patients with six mutations in ACTG1-four novel and two previously reported. Only one of seven patients was clinically diagnosed with this disorder and underwent ACTB/ACTG1 targeted sequencing, four patients were screened as a part of the large lissencephaly cohort and two were tested with exome sequencing. Retrospectively, facial features were compatible with the diagnosis but significantly milder than previously reported in four patients, and non-specific in one. The pattern of malformations of cortical development was highly similar in four of six patients with available MRI images and encompassed frontal predominant pachygyria merging with the posterior predominant band heterotopia. Two remaining patients showed mild involvement consistent with bilaterally simplified gyration over the frontal lobes. Taken together, we expand the clinical spectrum of the ACTG1-associated Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome demonstrating the mild end of the facial and brain manifestations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Di Donato
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Samantha Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia
| | | | - Joann Bodurtha
- Medical College of Virginia, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sabiha R Merchant
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, New York Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Galen Breningstall
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Roger Ladda
- Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan Sell
- Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Nina Bögershausen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrew E Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karl Hackmann
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Evelin Schrock
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Collins
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Carissa Olds
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andreas Rump
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Kasat V, Saluja H, Ladda R, Sachdeva S, Somasundaram K, Gupta A. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices toward Post Exposure Prophylaxis for Human Immunodeficiency Virus among Dental Students in India. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4:543-8. [PMID: 25221701 PMCID: PMC4160677 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.139308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND India has the third largest number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and thus, dental practitioners are more likely to encounter such patients for dental management. AIM The aim of the following study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV among dental interns and post graduate (PG) students of a dental institution in India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 128 dental students (64 interns and 64 PG students). Data related to HIV PEP was collected by pre-designed, pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire and difference in responses by education level was assessed by Chi-square test and Z-test (significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05). For statistical analysis, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 16, Chicago IL, USA) was used. RESULTS Difference in responses between dental interns and PG students was not statistically significant for majority of questions. All participants had positive attitude toward HIV patients (98.4% [63/64] interns vs. 100% [64/64] PG students). Interns (68.8%, 44/64) and PG students (68.8%, 44/64) were equally aware of the concept of HIV PEP. PG students had better knowledge than dental interns on few questions but overall both of them lacked knowledge about the best timing for commencement of HIV PEP (20.4% [13/64] interns vs. 42.2% [27/64] PG students) (P < 0.01), the antiretroviral drug regimen (48.4% [31/64] interns vs. 43.7% [28/64] PG students) and its duration (23.4% [15/64] interns vs. 25.0% [16/64] PG students), timing of antibody testing to rule out infection to health care worker (23.4% [15/64] interns vs. 35.9% [23/64] PG students) (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION As knowledge regarding HIV PEP is found to be inadequate, well-designed educational programs need to be conducted to increase the understanding of dental professionals on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Kasat
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rural Dental College, Loni, Maharashtra, India
| | - H Saluja
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rural Dental College, Loni, Maharashtra, India
| | - R Ladda
- Department of Prosthodontics, Rural Dental College, Loni, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Sachdeva
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kv Somasundaram
- Centre for Social Medicine, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Gupta
- Private Practioner, Delhi, India
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Abstract
Smoking is a prevalent behaviour in the population. The aim of this review is to bring to light the effects of smoking on dental implants. These facts will assist dental professionals when implants are planned in tobacco users. A search of "PubMed" was made with the key words "dental implant," "nicotine," "smoking," "tobacco," and "osseointegration." Also, publications on tobacco control by the Government of India were considered. For review, only those articles published from 1988 onward in English language were selected. Smoking has its influence on general as well as oral health of an individual. Tobacco negatively affects the outcome of almost all therapeutic procedures performed in the oral cavity. The failure rate of implant osseointegration is considerably higher among smokers, and maintenance of oral hygiene around the implants and the risk of peri-implantitis are adversely affected by smoking. To increase implant survival in smokers, various protocols have been recommended. Although osseointegrated dental implants have become the state of the art for tooth replacement, they are not without limitations or complications. In this litigious era, it is extremely important that the practitioner clearly understands and is able and willing to convey the spectrum of possible complications and their frequency to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kasat
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rural Dental College, Loni, Maharashtra, India
| | - R Ladda
- Department of Prosthodontics, Rural Dental College, Loni, Maharashtra, India
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Ladda R, Kasat VO, Gangadhar SA, Baheti S, Bhandari AJ. Reservoir complete denture in a patient with xerostomia secondary to radiotherapy for oral carcinoma: A case report and review of literature. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4:271-5. [PMID: 24761252 PMCID: PMC3991954 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.129062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia refers to a subjective sensation of dry mouth. A variety of factors can cause xerostomia including radiotherapy (RT) given for the treatment of oral carcinoma. Depending on the cause, treatment is provided to a patient suffering from xerostomia. In severe xerostomia salivary substitutes can be used and if the xerostomic patient is edentulous, then reservoir space for artificial salivary substitute can be created in partial as well as complete upper or lower dentures. The methods advocated so far for incorporating reservoir space in mandibular complete denture are costly, time consuming and require extra-laboratory steps. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to report a simpler method for fabrication of mandibular reservoir denture in a 67-year-old edentulous male patient suffering from xerostomia due to RT for oral carcinoma.
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Ladda R, Gangadhar S, Kasat V, Bhandari A. Prosthodontic management of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with anodontia: a case report in pediatric patient and review of literature. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2013; 3:277-81. [PMID: 23919206 PMCID: PMC3728879 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasias are rare hereditary disorders characterized by abnormal development of certain tissues and structures of ectodermal origin. The condition is important for dentists as it affects teeth resulting in hypodontia or anodontia and dentist plays an important role in rehabilitation of the patient. Affected young children with anodontia not only have difficulties in eating and speaking but can also feel that they look different from their contemporaries. Well-fitting and functioning prosthesis could be a great help during their schooling years as it will improve appearance and thus boost their self confidence. We report a case of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in an 8-year-old boy who exhibited anodontia and was successfully rehabilitated with conventional complete dentures in both maxillary and mandibular arches. The aim of the treatment was to improve psychological development apart from promoting better functioning of the stomatognathic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ladda
- Department of Prosthodontics, Rural Dental College, Loni, Maharashtra, India
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12
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Curry CJ, Rosenfeld JA, Grant E, Gripp KW, Anderson C, Aylsworth AS, Saad TB, Chizhikov VV, Dybose G, Fagerberg C, Falco M, Fels C, Fichera M, Graakjaer J, Greco D, Hair J, Hopkins E, Huggins M, Ladda R, Li C, Moeschler J, Nowaczyk MJM, Ozmore JR, Reitano S, Romano C, Roos L, Schnur RE, Sell S, Suwannarat P, Svaneby D, Szybowska M, Tarnopolsky M, Tervo R, Tsai ACH, Tucker M, Vallee S, Wheeler FC, Zand DJ, Barkovich AJ, Aradhya S, Shaffer LG, Dobyns WB. The duplication 17p13.3 phenotype: analysis of 21 families delineates developmental, behavioral and brain abnormalities, and rare variant phenotypes. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1833-52. [PMID: 23813913 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 17p13.3 is a gene rich region that when deleted is associated with the well-known Miller-Dieker syndrome. A recently described duplication syndrome involving this region has been associated with intellectual impairment, autism and occasional brain MRI abnormalities. We report 34 additional patients from 21 families to further delineate the clinical, neurological, behavioral, and brain imaging findings. We found a highly diverse phenotype with inter- and intrafamilial variability, especially in cognitive development. The most specific phenotype occurred in individuals with large duplications that include both the YWHAE and LIS1 genes. These patients had a relatively distinct facial phenotype and frequent structural brain abnormalities involving the corpus callosum, cerebellar vermis, and cranial base. Autism spectrum disorders were seen in a third of duplication probands, most commonly in those with duplications of YWHAE and flanking genes such as CRK. The typical neurobehavioral phenotype was usually seen in those with the larger duplications. We did not confirm the association of early overgrowth with involvement of YWHAE and CRK, or growth failure with duplications of LIS1. Older patients were often overweight. Three variant phenotypes included cleft lip/palate (CLP), split hand/foot with long bone deficiency (SHFLD), and a connective tissue phenotype resembling Marfan syndrome. The duplications in patients with clefts appear to disrupt ABR, while the SHFLD phenotype was associated with duplication of BHLHA9 as noted in two recent reports. The connective tissue phenotype did not have a convincing critical region. Our experience with this large cohort expands knowledge of this diverse duplication syndrome.
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Beunders G, Voorhoeve E, Golzio C, Pardo LM, Rosenfeld JA, Talkowski ME, Simonic I, Lionel AC, Vergult S, Pyatt RE, van de Kamp J, Nieuwint A, Weiss MM, Rizzu P, Verwer LENI, van Spaendonk RML, Shen Y, Wu BL, Yu T, Yu Y, Chiang C, Gusella JF, Lindgren AM, Morton CC, van Binsbergen E, Bulk S, van Rossem E, Vanakker O, Armstrong R, Park SM, Greenhalgh L, Maye U, Neill NJ, Abbott KM, Sell S, Ladda R, Farber DM, Bader PI, Cushing T, Drautz JM, Konczal L, Nash P, de Los Reyes E, Carter MT, Hopkins E, Marshall CR, Osborne LR, Gripp KW, Thrush DL, Hashimoto S, Gastier-Foster JM, Astbury C, Ylstra B, Meijers-Heijboer H, Posthuma D, Menten B, Mortier G, Scherer SW, Eichler EE, Girirajan S, Katsanis N, Groffen AJ, Sistermans EA. Exonic deletions in AUTS2 cause a syndromic form of intellectual disability and suggest a critical role for the C terminus. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 92:210-20. [PMID: 23332918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic rearrangements involving AUTS2 (7q11.22) are associated with autism and intellectual disability (ID), although evidence for causality is limited. By combining the results of diagnostic testing of 49,684 individuals, we identified 24 microdeletions that affect at least one exon of AUTS2, as well as one translocation and one inversion each with a breakpoint within the AUTS2 locus. Comparison of 17 well-characterized individuals enabled identification of a variable syndromic phenotype including ID, autism, short stature, microcephaly, cerebral palsy, and facial dysmorphisms. The dysmorphic features were more pronounced in persons with 3'AUTS2 deletions. This part of the gene is shown to encode a C-terminal isoform (with an alternative transcription start site) expressed in the human brain. Consistent with our genetic data, suppression of auts2 in zebrafish embryos caused microcephaly that could be rescued by either the full-length or the C-terminal isoform of AUTS2. Our observations demonstrate a causal role of AUTS2 in neurocognitive disorders, establish a hitherto unappreciated syndromic phenotype at this locus, and show how transcriptional complexity can underpin human pathology. The zebrafish model provides a valuable tool for investigating the etiology of AUTS2 syndrome and facilitating gene-function analysis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Beunders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands
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14
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Lamb AN, Rosenfeld JA, Neill NJ, Talkowski ME, Blumenthal I, Girirajan S, Keelean-Fuller D, Fan Z, Pouncey J, Stevens C, Mackay-Loder L, Terespolsky D, Bader PI, Rosenbaum K, Vallee SE, Moeschler JB, Ladda R, Sell S, Martin J, Ryan S, Jones MC, Moran R, Shealy A, Madan-Khetarpal S, McConnell J, Surti U, Delahaye A, Heron-Longe B, Pipiras E, Benzacken B, Passemard S, Verloes A, Isidor B, Le Caignec C, Glew GM, Opheim KE, Descartes M, Eichler EE, Morton CC, Gusella JF, Schultz RA, Ballif BC, Shaffer LG. Haploinsufficiency of SOX5 at 12p12.1 is associated with developmental delays with prominent language delay, behavior problems, and mild dysmorphic features. Hum Mutat 2012; 33:728-40. [PMID: 22290657 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SOX5 encodes a transcription factor involved in the regulation of chondrogenesis and the development of the nervous system. Despite its important developmental roles, SOX5 disruption has yet to be associated with human disease. We report one individual with a reciprocal translocation breakpoint within SOX5, eight individuals with intragenic SOX5 deletions (four are apparently de novo and one inherited from an affected parent), and seven individuals with larger 12p12 deletions encompassing SOX5. Common features in these subjects include prominent speech delay, intellectual disability, behavior abnormalities, and dysmorphic features. The phenotypic impact of the deletions may depend on the location of the deletion and, consequently, which of the three major SOX5 protein isoforms are affected. One intragenic deletion, involving only untranslated exons, was present in a more mildly affected subject, was inherited from a healthy parent and grandparent, and is similar to a deletion found in a control cohort. Therefore, some intragenic SOX5 deletions may have minimal phenotypic effect. Based on the location of the deletions in the subjects compared to the controls, the de novo nature of most of these deletions, and the phenotypic similarities among cases, SOX5 appears to be a dosage-sensitive, developmentally important gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen N Lamb
- Signature Genomic Laboratories, PerkinElmer, Inc., Spokane, Washington 99207, USA
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15
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Verbrugge J, Choudhary AK, Ladda R. Tethered cord, corpus callosum abnormalities, and periventricular cysts in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Report of two cases and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:2280-4. [PMID: 19764025 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (4p-) is a rare disorder with characteristic physical findings. Neuroimaging findings are relatively scarce. We performed a literature search and found 22 reports of neuroimaging findings. We present findings in our two cases, each with the previously unreported finding of a tethered cord. The most common abnormalities were of the corpus callosum, occurring in 71% of all cases. There appears to be a high association in the syndrome between corpus callosal abnormalities and periventricular cysts formation in the first year of life. These cysts eventually fuse with the frontal horns during late infancy with enlargement of the frontal horns. Absence of other causes for periventricular cyst formation, such as perinatal distress, prematurity, or cytomegalovirus infection, appears to strengthen the association. With further studies, neuroimaging findings may eventually assist in the diagnosis of patients with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Verbrugge
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.
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16
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Amler RW, Barone S, Belger A, Berlin CM, Cox C, Frank H, Goodman M, Harry J, Hooper SR, Ladda R, LaKind JS, Lipkin PH, Lipsitt LP, Lorber MN, Myers G, Mason AM, Needham LL, Sonawane B, Wachs TD, Yager JW. Hershey Medical Center Technical Workshop Report: optimizing the design and interpretation of epidemiologic studies for assessing neurodevelopmental effects from in utero chemical exposure. Neurotoxicology 2006; 27:861-74. [PMID: 16889835 PMCID: PMC1935386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Revised: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 07/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disabilities affect 3-8% of the 4 million babies born each year in the U.S. alone, with known etiology for less than 25% of those disabilities. Numerous investigations have sought to determine the role of environmental exposures in the etiology of a variety of human neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., learning disabilities, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disabilities) that are manifested in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. A comprehensive critical examination and discussion of the various methodologies commonly used in investigations is needed. The Hershey Medical Center Technical Workshop: Optimizing the design and interpretation of epidemiologic studies for assessing neurodevelopmental effects from in utero chemical exposure provided such a forum for examining these methodologies. The objective of the Workshop was to develop scientific consensus on the key principles and considerations for optimizing the design and interpretation of epidemiologic studies of in utero exposure to environmental chemicals and subsequent neurodevelopmental effects. (The Panel recognized that the nervous system develops post-natally and that critical periods of exposure can span several developmental life stages.) Discussions from the Workshop Panel generated 17 summary points representing key tenets of work in this field. These points stressed the importance of: a well-defined, biologically plausible hypothesis as the foundation of in utero studies for assessing neurodevelopmental outcomes; understanding of the exposure to the environmental chemical(s) of interest, underlying mechanisms of toxicity, and anticipated outcomes; the use of a prospective, longitudinal cohort design that, when possible, runs for periods of 2-5 years, and possibly even longer, in an effort to assess functions at key developmental epochs; measuring potentially confounding variables at regular, fixed time intervals; including measures of specific cognitive and social-emotional domains along with non-cognitive competence in young children, as well as comprehensive measures of health; consistency of research design protocols across studies (i.e., tests, covariates, and analysis styles) in an effort to improve interstudy comparisons; emphasis on design features that minimize introduction of systematic error at all stages of investigation: participant selection, data collection and analysis, and interpretation of results; these would include (but not be limited to) reducing selection bias, using double-blind designs, and avoiding post hoc formulation of hypotheses; a priori data analysis strategies tied to hypotheses and the overall research design, particularly for methods used to characterize and address confounders in any neurodevelopmental study; actual quantitative measurements of exposure, even if indirect, rather than methods based on subject recall; careful examination of standard test batteries to ensure that the battery is tailored to the age group as well as what is known about the specific neurotoxic effects on the developing nervous system; establishment of a system for neurodevelopmental surveillance for tracking the outcomes from in utero exposure across early developmental time periods to determine whether central nervous system injuries may be lying silent until developmentally challenged; ongoing exploration of computerized measures that are culturally and linguistically sensitive, and span the age range from birth into the adolescent years; routine incorporation of narrative in manuscripts concerning the possibility of spurious (i.e., false positive and false negative) test results in all research reportage (this can be facilitated by detailed, transparent reporting of design, covariates, and analyses so that others can attempt to replicate the study); forthright, disciplined, and intellectually honest treatment of the extent to which results of any study are conclusive--that is, how generalizable the results of the study are in terms of the implications for the individual study participants, the community studied, and human health overall; confinement of reporting to the actual research questions, how they were tested, and what the study found, and avoiding, or at least keeping to a minimum, any opinions or speculation concerning public health implications; education of clinicians and policymakers to critically read scientific reports, and to interpret study findings and conclusions appropriately; and recognition by investigators of their ethical duty to report negative as well as positive findings, and the importance of neither minimizing nor exaggerating these findings.
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17
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Ladda R, Aikawa M, Sprinz H. Penetration of Erythrocytes by Merozoites of Mammalian and Avian Malarial Parasites. J Parasitol 2001. [DOI: 10.2307/3285082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Williams CJ, Rock M, Considine E, McCarron S, Gow P, Ladda R, McLain D, Michels VM, Murphy W, Prockop DJ. Three new point mutations in type II procollagen (COL2A1) and identification of a fourth family with the COL2A1 Arg519-->Cys base substitution using conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4:309-12. [PMID: 7757086 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/4.2.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C J Williams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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20
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Dow E, Cross S, Wolgemuth DJ, Lyonnet S, Mulligan LM, Mascari M, Ladda R, Williamson R. Second locus for Hirschsprung disease/Waardenburg syndrome in a large Mennonite kindred. Am J Med Genet 1994; 53:75-80. [PMID: 7802041 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320530116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have studied a large Mennonite kindred in which 20 members were affected with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), 5 of whom had one or more manifestations of Waardenburg syndrome (WS) type II (WS2). Eleven additional relatives had signs of WS2 without HSCR. Since HSCR and WS2 each represent perturbations of neural crest migration/differentiation, this large pedigree with apparent cosegregation of HSCR and WS2 offered an opportunity to search for linkage between these loci, candidate genes, and random DNA markers, particularly in view of recent discoveries of genes for Waardenburg syndrome type I (WS1) and Hirschsprung disease (c-ret). We have examined the following possible linked markers in 69 relatives in this family: the c-ret gene (HSCR); the human PAX3 gene (HuP2) on chromosome 2q (WS1) and placental alkaline phosphatase (ALPP) on chromosome 2q (linked to WS1); argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) on chromosome 9q, close to ABO blood groups which have shown weak linkage to WS; and the beta 1 GABA receptor gene (GABARB1) on chromosome 4q13-11, close to c-kit, deletions of which cause piebaldism. Linkage between any of these loci and HSCR/WS in this kindred was excluded, demonstrating that there is at least one further locus for HSCR other than c-ret.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Williams C, Rock M, Harland L, Considine E, McCarron S, Gow P, Ladda R, McLain D, Michels V, Murphy W, Prockop D, Ganguly A. Rapid detection of mutations by conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis. Application to the identification of a fourth family with the Arg519→Cys substitution and three new mutations in the type II procollagen gene. Matrix Biol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0945-053x(94)90114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Puffenberger EG, Kauffman ER, Bolk S, Matise TC, Washington SS, Angrist M, Weissenbach J, Garver KL, Mascari M, Ladda R. Identity-by-descent and association mapping of a recessive gene for Hirschsprung disease on human chromosome 13q22. Hum Mol Genet 1994; 3:1217-25. [PMID: 7987295 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/3.8.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital disorder of unknown etiology characterized by the absence of enteric ganglia in the distal colon. We have ascertained a large, inbred, Mennonite kindred which demonstrates a high incidence of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). Genealogical analysis of all kinship relationships identified a single common ancestral couple for all parents of affected offspring. Segregation analysis yielded a segregation ratio of 10.67% for males and 5.45% for females. We searched for locations of the gene(s) responsible for HSCR in this pedigree by genotyping three small multicase families and locating genomic regions demonstrating identity-by-descent followed by linkage disequilibrium analysis of 28 additional nuclear families. Based on this novel strategy, we report the mapping of a new locus for HSCR to chromosome 13q22. Nine microsatellite markers spanning 10 cM in this region were genotyped on thirty-one nuclear families. Significant nonrandom association was detected with alleles at markers D13S162, D13S160, D13S170, and AFM240zg9. In addition, our studies reveal preliminary evidence for a genetic modifier of HSCR in this kindred on chromosome 21q22.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Puffenberger
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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23
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Plouët J, Barritault D, Courtoirs Y, Ladda R. Eye-derived growth factor from retina and epidermal growth factor are immunologically distinct and bind to different receptors on human foreskin fibroblasts. FEBS Lett 1982; 144:85-8. [PMID: 6980797 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)80574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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24
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Sanford EJ, Geder L, Dagen JE, Laychock AM, Ladda R, Rohner TJ. Establishment and characterization of a new human urinary bladder carcinoma cell line (PS-1). Invest Urol 1978; 16:246-52. [PMID: 81814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An epithelioid cell line (PS-1) has been established from a transitional cell cancer derived from human urinary bladder. Subcutaneous injection of the epithelioid cells into weanling athymic nude mice induced solid tumors histologically similar to the original tumor. A cell line was also established from a tumor induced in the athymic nude mouse (PS-1, T-1). Both cell lines exhibited essentially identical growth characteristics and formed a monolayer growth of epithelioid cells in culture. Electron microscopic studies confirmed epithelioid morphology. No fibroblastoid elements were observed. Chromosomal analysis revealed heteroploidy with persistent marker chromosomes; all cells contained a Y chromosome. The presence of tumor-specific antigen(s) in PS-1 cells was suggested by microcytotoxicity assays with peripheral allogeneic lymphocytes from other transitional cancer cell patients. Sera of urinary bladder cancer patients reacted with nuclear antigens of the established cells.
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Rapp F, Geder L, Murasko D, Lausch R, Ladda R, Huang ES, Webber MM. Long-term persistence of cytomegalovirus genome in cultured human cells of prostatic origin. J Virol 1975; 16:982-90. [PMID: 170426 PMCID: PMC354760 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.16.4.982-990.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells from prostatic tissue obtained from a 3-year-old male donor exhibited scattered foci of cytopathology on primary culture. A virus was isolated and shown by serological analysis to be cytomegalovirus (CMV). After a number of cell culture passages, a cell line (disignated CMV-Mj-P) was obtained in which foci of infection could no longer be demonstrated, nor could virus be rescued. On continued passage the doubling time of the cells decreased markedly, and the fibroblastoid cells ceased to demonstrate contact inhibition. CMV-specific antigen(s) was detected on the surface of the cells by indirect immunofluorescence techniques after exposure of the cultures to iododeoxyuridine. Microcytotoxocity tests established that CMV-Mj-P cells, but not control human prostate cells or human embryonic lung cells, share a membrane antigen with hamster cells transformed by CMV. Nucleic acid hybridization studies revealed that virus genetic information was carried by the human prostate cells and that the cells contained an average of about 10 to 15 genome equivalents of CMV DNA. Karyotypic analysis confirmed that the CMV-Mj-P cells were of human male origin. These results indicate that the cells either have been transformed by CMV or are chronically infected with CMV and releasing virus at levels below detection.
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27
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Ladda R, Atkins L, Littlefield J, Neurath P, Marimuthu KM. Computer-assisted analysis of chromosomal abnormalities: detection of a deletion in aniridia-Wilms' tumor syndrome. Science 1974; 185:784-7. [PMID: 4367262 DOI: 10.1126/science.185.4153.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A chromosome translocation, t(8p + ; 11q -), in a patient with aniridia and Wilms' tumor, appeared balanced by standard techniques, including trypsin banding. Computer analysis of optical microscope scanning profiles of chromosome pairs 8 and 11 revealed an interstitial deletion of the short arm of 8. Computer analysis coupled to the new banding techniques provides greater resolution for the detection of subtle chromosomal variations not recognized by banding methods alone.
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Ladda R, Aikawa M, Sprinz H. Penetration of erythrocytes by merozoites of mammalian and avian malarial parasites. J Parasitol 1969; 55:633-44. [PMID: 5815346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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31
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32
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33
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Ladda R, Arnold J, Martin D. Electron microscopy of Plasmodium falciparum . 1. The structure of trophozoites in erythrocytes of human volunteers. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1966; 60:369-75. [PMID: 5331573 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(66)90302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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34
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Ladda R, Arnold J. [Intranuclear inclusion in the trophozoite of the erythrocytic form of Plasmodium berghei in the rat by chloroquine absorption]. C R Acad Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 1965; 260:6991-3. [PMID: 4954012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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