1
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Tooze RS, Miller KA, Swagemakers SMA, Calpena E, McGowan SJ, Boute O, Collet C, Johnson D, Laffargue F, de Leeuw N, Morton JV, Noons P, Ockeloen CW, Phipps JM, Tan TY, Timberlake AT, Vanlerberghe C, Wall SA, Weber A, Wilson LC, Zackai EH, Mathijssen IMJ, Twigg SRF, Wilkie AOM. Pathogenic variants in the paired-related homeobox 1 gene (PRRX1) cause craniosynostosis with incomplete penetrance. Genet Med 2023; 25:100883. [PMID: 37154149 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have previously implicated PRRX1 in craniofacial development, including demonstration of murine Prrx1 expression in the preosteogenic cells of the cranial sutures. We investigated the role of heterozygous missense and loss-of-function (LoF) variants in PRRX1 associated with craniosynostosis. METHODS Trio-based genome, exome, or targeted sequencing were used to screen PRRX1 in patients with craniosynostosis; immunofluorescence analyses were used to assess nuclear localization of wild-type and mutant proteins. RESULTS Genome sequencing identified 2 of 9 sporadically affected individuals with syndromic/multisuture craniosynostosis, who were heterozygous for rare/undescribed variants in PRRX1. Exome or targeted sequencing of PRRX1 revealed a further 9 of 1449 patients with craniosynostosis harboring deletions or rare heterozygous variants within the homeodomain. By collaboration, 7 additional individuals (4 families) were identified with putatively pathogenic PRRX1 variants. Immunofluorescence analyses showed that missense variants within the PRRX1 homeodomain cause abnormal nuclear localization. Of patients with variants considered likely pathogenic, bicoronal or other multisuture synostosis was present in 11 of 17 cases (65%). Pathogenic variants were inherited from unaffected relatives in many instances, yielding a 12.5% penetrance estimate for craniosynostosis. CONCLUSION This work supports a key role for PRRX1 in cranial suture development and shows that haploinsufficiency of PRRX1 is a relatively frequent cause of craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Tooze
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry A Miller
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sigrid M A Swagemakers
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Calpena
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J McGowan
- Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Odile Boute
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7364 - RADEME - Maladies Rares du Développement Embryonnaire et du Métabolisme, Clinique de Génétique, Lille, France
| | - Corinne Collet
- Genetics Department, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - David Johnson
- Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fanny Laffargue
- Clinical Genetics Service and Reference Centre for Rare Developmental Abnormalities and Intellectual Disabilities, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicole de Leeuw
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny V Morton
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Noons
- Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte W Ockeloen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Julie M Phipps
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tiong Yang Tan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew T Timberlake
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Clemence Vanlerberghe
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7364 - RADEME - Maladies Rares du Développement Embryonnaire et du Métabolisme, Clinique de Génétique, Lille, France
| | - Steven A Wall
- Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Astrid Weber
- Liverpool Centre for Genomic Medicine, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Louise C Wilson
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Clinical Genetics Center, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Irene M J Mathijssen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen R F Twigg
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew O M Wilkie
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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2
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Ravel JM, Renaud M, Muller J, Becker A, Renard É, Remen T, Lefort G, Dexheimer M, Jonveaux P, Leheup B, Bonnet C, Lambert L. Clinical utility of periodic reinterpretation of CNVs of uncertain significance: an 8-year retrospective study. Genome Med 2023; 15:39. [PMID: 37221613 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Array-CGH is the first-tier genetic test both in pre- and postnatal developmental disorders worldwide. Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) represent around 10~15% of reported copy number variants (CNVs). Even though VUS reanalysis has become usual in practice, no long-term study regarding CNV reinterpretation has been reported. METHODS This retrospective study examined 1641 CGH arrays performed over 8 years (2010-2017) to demonstrate the contribution of periodically re-analyzing CNVs of uncertain significance. CNVs were classified using AnnotSV on the one hand and manually curated on the other hand. The classification was based on the 2020 American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) criteria. RESULTS Of the 1641 array-CGH analyzed, 259 (15.7%) showed at least one CNV initially reported as of uncertain significance. After reinterpretation, 106 of the 259 patients (40.9%) changed categories, and 12 of 259 (4.6%) had a VUS reclassified to likely pathogenic or pathogenic. Six were predisposing factors for neurodevelopmental disorder/autism spectrum disorder (ASD). CNV type (gain or loss) does not seem to impact the reclassification rate, unlike the length of the CNV: 75% of CNVs downgraded to benign or likely benign are less than 500 kb in size. CONCLUSIONS This study's high rate of reinterpretation suggests that CNV interpretation has rapidly evolved since 2010, thanks to the continuous enrichment of available databases. The reinterpreted CNV explained the phenotype for ten patients, leading to optimal genetic counseling. These findings suggest that CNVs should be reinterpreted at least every 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Ravel
- Service de génétique médicale, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
- Laboratoire de génétique médicale, CHRU Nancy, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, NGERE, F-54000Nancy, Inserm, France
| | - Mathilde Renaud
- Service de génétique médicale, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, NGERE, F-54000Nancy, Inserm, France
| | - Jean Muller
- Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM, UMRS_1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Université de Strasbourg Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Bioinformatique Médicale Appliquée au Diagnostic (UF7363), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurélie Becker
- Laboratoire de génétique médicale, CHRU Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Émeline Renard
- Department of pediatrics, Regional University Hospital of Nancy, Allée du Morvan, 54511, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Leheup
- Service de génétique médicale, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, NGERE, F-54000Nancy, Inserm, France
| | - Céline Bonnet
- Laboratoire de génétique médicale, CHRU Nancy, Nancy, France.
- Université de Lorraine, NGERE, F-54000Nancy, Inserm, France.
| | - Laëtitia Lambert
- Service de génétique médicale, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France.
- Université de Lorraine, NGERE, F-54000Nancy, Inserm, France.
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3
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Ding Y, Chen J, Tang Y, Chen LN, Yao RE, Yu T, Yin Y, Wang X, Wang J, Li N. Identification and functional analysis of novel SOX11 variants in Chinese patients with Coffin-Siris syndrome 9. Front Genet 2022; 13:940776. [PMID: 35938035 PMCID: PMC9354949 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.940776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX11 is a transcription factor belonging to the sex determining region Y-related high-mobility group box family that plays a vital role in early embryogenesis and neurogenesis. De novo variants in SOX11 have been initially reported to cause a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, mainly referred to Coffin-siris syndrome 9 (CSS9, OMIM# 615866) which is characterized with growth deficiency, intellectual disability (ID), microcephaly, coarse facies, and hypoplastic nails of the fifth fingers and/or toes. A recent large-scale cohort study suggests that SOX11 variation would result in a clinically and molecularly distinct disease from CSS. Here, we describe three unrelated Chinese cases with variable phenotype, mainly involving developmental delay, ID, short statute, microcephaly, facial deformities (i.e., prominent forehead, arched eye brow, flat nasal bridge, broad nose and short philtrum), and cryptorchidism. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) revealed three novel heterozygous variants in the SOX11 gene, including two missense variants of c.337T>C (p.Y113H) and c.425C>G (p.A142G), and one nonsense variant of c.820A>T (p. K142*). Luciferase reporting assay shows that the two missense variants impair the transcriptional activity of the SOX11 target gene GDF5. Additionally, WES uncovered a 4,300 kb deletion involving the region of 1q24.2-q25.1 (hg19,chr1:169,433,149-173,827,682) in patient 1, which also contributes to the condition of the patient. In summary, this is the first report of Chinese cases with de novo variants of SOX11. Our study partially supports the previous observation that the phenotype caused by SOX11 variants somewhat differs from classical CSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiande Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Na Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru-En Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics for Pediatrics, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics for Pediatrics, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics for Pediatrics, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Niu Li, ; Jian Wang,
| | - Niu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics for Pediatrics, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Niu Li, ; Jian Wang,
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4
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Petzold F, Jin W, Hantmann E, Korbach K, Schönauer R, Halbritter J. Novel somatic PBX1 mosaicism likely masking syndromic CAKUT in an adult with bilateral kidney hypoplasia. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:1333-1339. [PMID: 35756743 PMCID: PMC9217644 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are characterized by vast phenotypic heterogeneity and incomplete penetrance. Although CAKUT represent the main cause of pediatric chronic kidney disease, only ∼20% can be explained by single-gene disorders to date. While pathogenic alterations of PBX1 were recently associated with a severe form of syndromic CAKUT, most CAKUT patients survive childhood and adolescence to reach end-stage kidney disease later in life. Although somatic mosaicism is known to attenuate severity in other kidney diseases, it has rarely been described or systematically been assessed in CAKUT. Methods We conducted an in-depth phenotypic characterization of the index patient and his family using targeted next-generation sequencing, segregation analysis and workup of mosaicism with DNA isolated from peripheral blood cells, oral mucosa and cultured urinary renal epithelial cells (URECs). Results Somatic mosaicism was identified in a 20-year-old male with sporadic but mild syndromic renal hypoplasia. He was found to carry a novel de novo truncating variant in PBX1 [c.992C>A, p.(Ser331*)]. This variant was detected in 26% of sequencing reads from blood cells, 50% from oral mucosa and 20% from cultured URECs. Conclusions PBX1-associated CAKUT is characterized by a wealth of de novo mutations. As in de novo cases, mutations can occur intra- or post-zygotically and genetic mosaicism might represent a more common phenomenon in PBX1 disease, accounting for variable expressivity on a general basis. Consequently we suggest ruling out somatic mosaicism in sporadic CAKUT, notably in attenuated and atypical clinical courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Petzold
- Division of Nephrology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wenjun Jin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Hantmann
- Division of Nephrology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ria Schönauer
- Division of Nephrology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Halbritter
- Division of Nephrology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Hammarsjö A, Pettersson M, Chitayat D, Handa A, Anderlid BM, Bartocci M, Basel D, Batkovskyte D, Beleza-Meireles A, Conner P, Eisfeldt J, Girisha KM, Chung BHY, Horemuzova E, Hyodo H, Korņejeva L, Lagerstedt-Robinson K, Lin AE, Magnusson M, Moosa S, Nayak SS, Nilsson D, Ohashi H, Ohashi-Fukuda N, Stranneheim H, Taylan F, Traberg R, Voss U, Wirta V, Nordgren A, Nishimura G, Lindstrand A, Grigelioniene G. High diagnostic yield in skeletal ciliopathies using massively parallel genome sequencing, structural variant screening and RNA analyses. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:995-1008. [PMID: 33875766 PMCID: PMC8472897 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal ciliopathies are a heterogenous group of disorders with overlapping clinical and radiographic features including bone dysplasia and internal abnormalities. To date, pathogenic variants in at least 30 genes, coding for different structural cilia proteins, are reported to cause skeletal ciliopathies. Here, we summarize genetic and phenotypic features of 34 affected individuals from 29 families with skeletal ciliopathies. Molecular diagnostic testing was performed using massively parallel sequencing (MPS) in combination with copy number variant (CNV) analyses and in silico filtering for variants in known skeletal ciliopathy genes. We identified biallelic disease-causing variants in seven genes: DYNC2H1, KIAA0753, WDR19, C2CD3, TTC21B, EVC, and EVC2. Four variants located in non-canonical splice sites of DYNC2H1, EVC, and KIAA0753 led to aberrant splicing that was shown by sequencing of cDNA. Furthermore, CNV analyses showed an intragenic deletion of DYNC2H1 in one individual and a 6.7 Mb de novo deletion on chromosome 1q24q25 in another. In five unsolved cases, MPS was performed in family setting. In one proband we identified a de novo variant in PRKACA and in another we found a homozygous intragenic deletion of IFT74, removing the first coding exon and leading to expression of a shorter message predicted to result in loss of 40 amino acids at the N-terminus. These findings establish IFT74 as a new skeletal ciliopathy gene. In conclusion, combined single nucleotide variant, CNV and cDNA analyses lead to a high yield of genetic diagnoses (90%) in a cohort of patients with skeletal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hammarsjö
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria Pettersson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Chitayat
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Atsuhiko Handa
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Britt-Marie Anderlid
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Bartocci
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Neonatology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Donald Basel
- Division of Medical Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Dominyka Batkovskyte
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Beleza-Meireles
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Conner
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Fetal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Eisfeldt
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Brian Hon-Yin Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong and Shenzhen Hospital, Futian District, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eva Horemuzova
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hironobu Hyodo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Kotobashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Liene Korņejeva
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostics, Riga Maternity Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristina Lagerstedt-Robinson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela E Lin
- Medical Genetics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Måns Magnusson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shahida Moosa
- Medical Genetics, Tygerberg Hospital and Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Shalini S Nayak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Daniel Nilsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hirofumi Ohashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohashi-Fukuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Kotobashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Henrik Stranneheim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fulya Taylan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rasa Traberg
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ulrika Voss
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valtteri Wirta
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Nordgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatric Imaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giedre Grigelioniene
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Hensley AP, McAlinden A. The role of microRNAs in bone development. Bone 2021; 143:115760. [PMID: 33220505 PMCID: PMC8019264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is critical for proper bone development. Evidence from a large body of published literature informs us that microRNAs (miRNAs) are important epigenetic factors that control many aspects of bone development, homeostasis, and repair processes. These small non-coding RNAs function at the post-transcriptional level to suppress expression of specific target genes. Many target genes may be affected by one miRNA resulting in alteration in cellular pathways and networks. Therefore, changes in levels or activity of a specific miRNA (e.g. via genetic mutations, disease scenarios, or by over-expression or inhibition strategies in vitro or in vivo) can lead to substantial changes in cell processes including proliferation, metabolism, apoptosis and differentiation. In this review, Section 1 briefly covers general background information on processes that control bone development as well as the biogenesis and function of miRNAs. In Section 2, we discuss the importance of miRNAs in skeletal development based on findings from in vivo mouse models and human clinical reports. Section 3 focuses on describing more recent data from the last three years related to miRNA regulation of osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Some of these studies also involve utilization of an in vivo rodent model to study the effects of miRNA modulation in scenarios of osteoporosis, bone repair or ectopic bone formation. In Section 4, we provide some recent information from studies analyzing the potential of miRNA-mediated crosstalk in bone and how exosomes containing miRNAs from one bone cell may affect the differentiation or function of another bone cell type. We then conclude by summarizing where the field currently stands with respect to miRNA-mediated regulation of osteogenesis and how information gained from developmental processes can be instructive in identifying potential therapeutic miRNA targets for the treatment of certain bone conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin P Hensley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America; Shriners Hospital for Children - St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States of America.
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7
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Bantounas I, Lopes FM, Rooney KM, Woolf AS, Kimber SJ. The miR-199a/214 Cluster Controls Nephrogenesis and Vascularization in a Human Embryonic Stem Cell Model. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:134-148. [PMID: 33306987 PMCID: PMC7897558 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are gene expression regulators and they have been implicated in acquired kidney diseases and in renal development, mostly through animal studies. We hypothesized that the miR-199a/214 cluster regulates human kidney development. We detected its expression in human embryonic kidneys by in situ hybridization. To mechanistically study the cluster, we used 2D and 3D human embryonic stem cell (hESC) models of kidney development. After confirming expression in each model, we inhibited the miRNAs using lentivirally transduced miRNA sponges. This reduced the WT1+ metanephric mesenchyme domain in 2D cultures. Sponges did not prevent the formation of 3D kidney-like organoids. These organoids, however, contained dysmorphic glomeruli, downregulated WT1, aberrant proximal tubules, and increased interstitial capillaries. Thus, the miR-199a/214 cluster fine-tunes differentiation of both metanephric mesenchymal-derived nephrons and kidney endothelia. While clinical implications require further study, it is noted that patients with heterozygous deletions encompassing this miRNA locus can have malformed kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bantounas
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, and the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Filipa M Lopes
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, and the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Kirsty M Rooney
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, and the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, and the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, and the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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8
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Shepherdson JL, Zheng H, Amarillo IE, McAlinden A, Shinawi M. Delineation of the 1q24.3 microdeletion syndrome provides further evidence for the potential role of non-coding RNAs in regulating the skeletal phenotype. Bone 2021; 142:115705. [PMID: 33141070 PMCID: PMC8020873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microdeletions within 1q24 have been associated with growth deficiency, varying intellectual disability, and skeletal abnormalities. The candidate locus responsible for the various phenotypic features of this syndrome has previously been predicted to lie in the area of 1q24.3, but molecular evidence of the causative gene remains elusive. Here, we report two additional patients carrying the smallest reported 1q24 deletion to date. Patient 1 exhibited intrauterine growth retardation, shortening of the long bones, frontal bossing, microstomia, micrognathia, and a language acquisition delay. Her mother, Patient 2, displayed a broad forehead and nasal bridge, thick supraorbital ridges, and toe brachydactyly, along with learning disability and language acquisition delay. The microdeletion encompasses a 94 Kb region containing exon 14 and portions of the surrounding introns of the gene encoding dynamin 3 (DNM3), resulting in an in-frame loss of 38 amino acids. This microdeletion site also contains a long non-coding RNA (DNM3OS) and three microRNAs (miR-214, miR-199A2, and miR-3120). Following culture of patient-derived and control fibroblasts, molecular analyses were performed to determine expression levels of genes affected by the heterozygous deletion. Results show decreased expression of DNM3OS and miR-214-3p in patient fibroblasts cultured in an osteogenic induction medium. Overall, our data provide further evidence to support a functional role for non-coding RNAs in regulating the skeletal phenotype, and the potential of a functionally-impaired DNM3 protein causing the non-skeletal disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Shepherdson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hongjun Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ina E Amarillo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Shriners Hospital for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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9
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Kobow K, Jabari S, Pieper T, Kudernatsch M, Polster T, Woermann FG, Kalbhenn T, Hamer H, Rössler K, Mühlebner A, Spliet WGM, Feucht M, Hou Y, Stichel D, Korshunov A, Sahm F, Coras R, Blümcke I, von Deimling A. Mosaic trisomy of chromosome 1q in human brain tissue associates with unilateral polymicrogyria, very early-onset focal epilepsy, and severe developmental delay. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:881-891. [PMID: 32979071 PMCID: PMC7666281 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymicrogyria (PMG) is a developmental cortical malformation characterized by an excess of small and frustrane gyration and abnormal cortical lamination. PMG frequently associates with seizures. The molecular pathomechanisms underlying PMG development are not yet understood. About 40 genes have been associated with PMG, and small copy number variations have also been described in selected patients. We recently provided evidence that epilepsy-associated structural brain lesions can be classified based on genomic DNA methylation patterns. Here, we analyzed 26 PMG patients employing array-based DNA methylation profiling on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material. A series of 62 well-characterized non-PMG cortical malformations (focal cortical dysplasia type 2a/b and hemimegalencephaly), temporal lobe epilepsy, and non-epilepsy autopsy controls was used as reference cohort. Unsupervised dimensionality reduction and hierarchical cluster analysis of DNA methylation profiles showed that PMG formed a distinct DNA methylation class. Copy number profiling from DNA methylation data identified a uniform duplication spanning the entire long arm of chromosome 1 in 7 out of 26 PMG patients, which was verified by additional fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. In respective cases, about 50% of nuclei in the center of the PMG lesion were 1q triploid. No chromosomal imbalance was seen in adjacent, architecturally normal-appearing tissue indicating mosaicism. Clinically, PMG 1q patients presented with a unilateral frontal or hemispheric PMG without hemimegalencephaly, a severe form of intractable epilepsy with seizure onset in the first months of life, and severe developmental delay. Our results show that PMG can be classified among other structural brain lesions according to their DNA methylation profile. One subset of PMG with distinct clinical features exhibits a duplication of chromosomal arm 1q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kobow
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Neuropathology, Affiliated Partner of the ERN EpiCARE, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Samir Jabari
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Neuropathology, Affiliated Partner of the ERN EpiCARE, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tom Pieper
- Department of Neurology, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth, Germany
| | - Manfred Kudernatsch
- Department of Neurosurgery and Epilepsy Surgery, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth, Germany
- Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation", PMU Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tilman Polster
- Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Thilo Kalbhenn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelisches Klinikum Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hajo Hamer
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Rössler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim G M Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Affiliated Partner of the ERN EpiCARE, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yanghao Hou
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, and, CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damian Stichel
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, and, CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, and, CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, and, CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Coras
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Neuropathology, Affiliated Partner of the ERN EpiCARE, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingmar Blümcke
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Neuropathology, Affiliated Partner of the ERN EpiCARE, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, and, CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Díaz-Santiago E, Jabato FM, Rojano E, Seoane P, Pazos F, Perkins JR, Ranea JAG. Phenotype-genotype comorbidity analysis of patients with rare disorders provides insight into their pathological and molecular bases. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009054. [PMID: 33001999 PMCID: PMC7553355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and molecular analysis of rare disease is made difficult by the small numbers of affected patients. Phenotypic comorbidity analysis can help rectify this by combining information from individuals with similar phenotypes and looking for overlap in terms of shared genes and underlying functional systems. However, few studies have combined comorbidity analysis with genomic data. We present a computational approach that connects patient phenotypes based on phenotypic co-occurence and uses genomic information related to the patient mutations to assign genes to the phenotypes, which are used to detect enriched functional systems. These phenotypes are clustered using network analysis to obtain functionally coherent phenotype clusters. We applied the approach to the DECIPHER database, containing phenotypic and genomic information for thousands of patients with heterogeneous rare disorders and copy number variants. Validity was demonstrated through overlap with known diseases, co-mention within the biomedical literature, semantic similarity measures, and patient cluster membership. These connected pairs formed multiple phenotype clusters, showing functional coherence, and mapped to genes and systems involved in similar pathological processes. Examples include claudin genes from the 22q11 genomic region associated with a cluster of phenotypes related to DiGeorge syndrome and genes related to the GO term anterior/posterior pattern specification associated with abnormal development. The clusters generated can help with the diagnosis of rare diseases, by suggesting additional phenotypes for a given patient and potential underlying functional systems. Other tools to find causal genes based on phenotype were also investigated. The approach has been implemented as a workflow, named PhenCo, which can be adapted to any set of patients for which phenomic and genomic data is available. Full details of the analysis, including the clusters formed, their constituent functional systems and underlying genes are given. Code to implement the workflow is available from GitHub. Although rare diseases each affect a small number of people, taken together they affect millions. Better diagnosis and understanding of the underlying mechanisms are needed. By combining phenotypic data for many rare disease patients, we can build clusters of comorbid phenotypes that tend to co-occur together. By using genomic information, we can supplement these clusters and look for related genes and functional systems, such as pathways and molecular mechanisms. We applied such an approach to thousands of rare disease patients from the DECIPHER resources. We were able to detect hundreds of pairs of comorbid phenotypes, and use them to build tens of phenotype clusters. By mapping genes to these phenotypes, based on data from the same patients, we were able to detect related genes and functional systems, such as genes mapping to the 22q11 genomic region underlying a cluster of phenotypes related to DiGeorge syndrome. To ensure that these clusters made sensible predictions, results were validated using literature co-mention, overlap with known disease and semantic similarity measures. These comorbidity patterns, along with their underlying molecular systems, can give important insights into disease mechanisms, moreover they can be used to direct differential-diagnosis of rare disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Díaz-Santiago
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Fernando M. Jabato
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Elena Rojano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Seoane
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - James R. Perkins
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Juan A. G. Ranea
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
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11
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Narrowing down the region responsible for 1q23.3q24.1 microdeletion by identifying the smallest deletion. Hum Genome Var 2019; 6:47. [PMID: 31645985 PMCID: PMC6804575 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-019-0079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of 1q23.3q24.1 are rare. Here, chromosomal microarray testing identified a de novo microdeletion of arr[GRCh37]1q23.3q24.1(164816055_165696996) × 1 in a patient with moderate developmental delay, hearing loss, cryptorchidism, and other distinctive features. The clinical features were common to those previously reported in patients with overlapping deletions. The patient’s deletion size was 881 kb—the smallest yet reported. This therefore narrowed down the deletion responsible for the common clinical features. The deleted region included seven genes; deletion of LMX1A, RXRG, and ALDH9A1 may have caused our patient’s neurodevelopmental delay.
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12
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Elucidation of the phenotypic spectrum and genetic landscape in primary and secondary microcephaly. Genet Med 2019; 21:2043-2058. [PMID: 30842647 PMCID: PMC6752480 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0464-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Microcephaly is a sign of many genetic conditions but has been rarely systematically evaluated. We therefore comprehensively studied the clinical and genetic landscape of an unselected cohort of patients with microcephaly. Methods We performed clinical assessment, high-resolution chromosomal microarray analysis, exome sequencing, and functional studies in 62 patients (58% with primary microcephaly [PM], 27% with secondary microcephaly [SM], and 15% of unknown onset). Results We found severity of developmental delay/intellectual disability correlating with severity of microcephaly in PM, but not SM. We detected causative variants in 48.4% of patients and found divergent inheritance and variant pattern for PM (mainly recessive and likely gene-disrupting [LGD]) versus SM (all dominant de novo and evenly LGD or missense). While centrosome-related pathways were solely identified in PM, transcriptional regulation was the most frequently affected pathway in both SM and PM. Unexpectedly, we found causative variants in different mitochondria-related genes accounting for ~5% of patients, which emphasizes their role even in syndromic PM. Additionally, we delineated novel candidate genes involved in centrosome-related pathway (SPAG5, TEDC1), Wnt signaling (VPS26A, ZNRF3), and RNA trafficking (DDX1). Conclusion Our findings enable improved evaluation and genetic counseling of PM and SM patients and further elucidate microcephaly pathways.
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13
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Sun M, Lou J, Li Q, Chen J, Li Y, Li D, Yuan H, Liu Y. Prenatal findings and molecular cytogenetic analyses of a de novo interstitial deletion of 1q23.3 encompassing PBX1 gene. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 58:292-295. [PMID: 30910156 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present the prenatal findings and the molecular cytogenetic analyses of a de novo interstitial deletion of 1q23.3 encompassing PBX1 gene. CASE REPORT A 32-year-old woman (gravida 1, para 0) underwent amniocentesis at 26 weeks' gestation because of constant small fetal kidneys on prenatal ultrasound. Chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) detected a de novo deletion of 1.871 Mb at 1q23.3. The deletion encompassed 2 genes of PBX1 and LMX1A. PBX1 haploinsufficiency had been reported to lead syndromic congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in humans. Furthermore, at 31 weeks' gestation, borderline oligohydramnios and restricted fetal dimensions were revealed. Ultimately, the pregnancy was terminated at 32 weeks with a 1500-g female fetus presenting polydactyl of left hand. CONCLUSIONS The shared phenotypes between this case and the previously published prenatal cases demonstrate that loss of function mutation in PBX1 should be suspicious in fetus with bilateral renal hypoplasia, oligohydramnios and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manna Sun
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Dongguan Maternal and Children Health Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwu Lou
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Dongguan Maternal and Children Health Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyi Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Dongguan Maternal and Children Health Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Huizhou Women & Children Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Dongguan Maternal and Children Health Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongzhi Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Yuan
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Dongguan Maternal and Children Health Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Dongguan Maternal and Children Health Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Lefroy H, Fox O, Javaid MK, Makaya T, Shears DJ. 1q24 deletion syndrome. Two cases and new insights into genotype-phenotype correlations. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2004-2008. [PMID: 30079626 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
1q24q25 deletions cause a distinctive phenotype including proportionate short stature, microcephaly, brachydactyly, dysmorphic facial features and intellectual disability. We present a mother and son who have a 672 kb microdeletion at 1q24q25. They have the typical skeletal features previously described but do not have any associated intellectual disability. We compare the genes within our patients' deletion to those in the deletions of previously reported cases. This indicates two genes that may be implicated in the intellectual disability usually associated with this deletion syndrome; PIGC and C1orf105. In addition, our cases provide supporting evidence to recent published work suggesting that the skeletal features may be linked to the microRNAs miR199 and miR214, encoded within intron 14 of the Dynamin-3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrietta Lefroy
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Fox
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratory, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad K Javaid
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Taffy Makaya
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Children's Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah J Shears
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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15
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Shariati G, Saberi A, Hamid M, Galehdari H, Sedaghat A, Abdorasuli N. Prenatal diagnosis of a rare de novo 1q22-q25.1 chromosomal deletion syndrome using oligo array CGH. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:1464-1469. [PMID: 30147883 PMCID: PMC6099003 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present prenatal diagnosis of a case with a rare de novo interstitial deletion of 1q21-q25.1 by oligo array CGH and provide detailed information on unbalanced gene content and the breakpoints. The affected fetus was delivered at 37 weeks' gestation with a unique clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Shariati
- Department of Medical GeneticsFaculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Narges Genetics Lab.AhvazIran
| | - Alihossein Saberi
- Department of Medical GeneticsFaculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Narges Genetics Lab.AhvazIran
| | - Mohammad Hamid
- Department of Medical GeneticsFaculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Molecular MedicineBiotechnolgy Section Pasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Medical GeneticsFaculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of SciencesShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
| | - Alireza Sedaghat
- Diabetic Research CenterAhvaz Jundishpur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
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16
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Wesdorp M, de Koning Gans PAM, Schraders M, Oostrik J, Huynen MA, Venselaar H, Beynon AJ, van Gaalen J, Piai V, Voermans N, van Rossum MM, Hartel BP, Lelieveld SH, Wiel L, Verbist B, Rotteveel LJ, van Dooren MF, Lichtner P, Kunst HPM, Feenstra I, Admiraal RJC, Yntema HG, Hoefsloot LH, Pennings RJE, Kremer H. Heterozygous missense variants of LMX1A lead to nonsyndromic hearing impairment and vestibular dysfunction. Hum Genet 2018; 137:389-400. [PMID: 29754270 PMCID: PMC5973959 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Unraveling the causes and pathomechanisms of progressive disorders is essential for the development of therapeutic strategies. Here, we identified heterozygous pathogenic missense variants of LMX1A in two families of Dutch origin with progressive nonsyndromic hearing impairment (HI), using whole exome sequencing. One variant, c.721G > C (p.Val241Leu), occurred de novo and is predicted to affect the homeodomain of LMX1A, which is essential for DNA binding. The second variant, c.290G > C (p.Cys97Ser), predicted to affect a zinc-binding residue of the second LIM domain that is involved in protein–protein interactions. Bi-allelic deleterious variants of Lmx1a are associated with a complex phenotype in mice, including deafness and vestibular defects, due to arrest of inner ear development. Although Lmx1a mouse mutants demonstrate neurological, skeletal, pigmentation and reproductive system abnormalities, no syndromic features were present in the participating subjects of either family. LMX1A has previously been suggested as a candidate gene for intellectual disability, but our data do not support this, as affected subjects displayed normal cognition. Large variability was observed in the age of onset (a)symmetry, severity and progression rate of HI. About half of the affected individuals displayed vestibular dysfunction and experienced symptoms thereof. The late-onset progressive phenotype and the absence of cochleovestibular malformations on computed tomography scans indicate that heterozygous defects of LMX1A do not result in severe developmental abnormalities in humans. We propose that a single LMX1A wild-type copy is sufficient for normal development but insufficient for maintenance of cochleovestibular function. Alternatively, minor cochleovestibular developmental abnormalities could eventually lead to the progressive phenotype seen in the families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Wesdorp
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Internal Postal Code 377, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- The Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pia A M de Koning Gans
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margit Schraders
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Internal Postal Code 377, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oostrik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Internal Postal Code 377, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Huynen
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanka Venselaar
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andy J Beynon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Internal Postal Code 377, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith van Gaalen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vitória Piai
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicol Voermans
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle M van Rossum
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas P Hartel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Internal Postal Code 377, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan H Lelieveld
- The Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens Wiel
- The Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Berit Verbist
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marieke F van Dooren
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henricus P M Kunst
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Internal Postal Code 377, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Feenstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J C Admiraal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Internal Postal Code 377, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Helger G Yntema
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lies H Hoefsloot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J E Pennings
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Internal Postal Code 377, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hannie Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Internal Postal Code 377, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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17
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Lee JS, Becker BA, Kirby A, Knutsen AP. Chromosome 1q23.3q31.1 deletion associated with decreased newborn screening of T cell receptor rearrangement circles (TRECs). Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 121:125-126. [PMID: 29653236 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/immunology
- Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/chemistry
- Female
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Intellectual Disability/diagnosis
- Intellectual Disability/genetics
- Intellectual Disability/immunology
- Intellectual Disability/pathology
- Lymphopenia/diagnosis
- Lymphopenia/genetics
- Lymphopenia/immunology
- Lymphopenia/pathology
- Neonatal Screening
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/diagnosis
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/genetics
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/immunology
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bradley A Becker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Amelia Kirby
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alan P Knutsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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18
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Slamova Z, Nazaryan-Petersen L, Mehrjouy MM, Drabova J, Hancarova M, Marikova T, Novotna D, Vlckova M, Vlckova Z, Bak M, Zemanova Z, Tommerup N, Sedlacek Z. Very short DNA segments can be detected and handled by the repair machinery during germline chromothriptic chromosome reassembly. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:709-716. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Slamova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lusine Nazaryan-Petersen
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mana M. Mehrjouy
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jana Drabova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Hancarova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tatana Marikova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Drahuse Novotna
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vlckova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Mads Bak
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Zuzana Zemanova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics; General University Hospital and Charles University 1st Faculty of Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Niels Tommerup
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Zdenek Sedlacek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
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19
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Le Tanno P, Breton J, Bidart M, Satre V, Harbuz R, Ray PF, Bosson C, Dieterich K, Jaillard S, Odent S, Poke G, Beddow R, Digilio MC, Novelli A, Bernardini L, Pisanti MA, Mackenroth L, Hackmann K, Vogel I, Christensen R, Fokstuen S, Béna F, Amblard F, Devillard F, Vieville G, Apostolou A, Jouk PS, Guebre-Egziabher F, Sartelet H, Coutton C. PBX1 haploinsufficiency leads to syndromic congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in humans. J Med Genet 2017; 54:502-510. [PMID: 28270404 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a significant healthcare burden since it is the primary cause of chronic kidney in children. CNVs represent a recurrent molecular cause of CAKUT but the culprit gene remains often elusive. Our study aimed to define the gene responsible for CAKUT in patients with an 1q23.3q24.1 microdeletion. METHODS We describe eight patients presenting with CAKUT carrying an 1q23.3q24.1 microdeletion as identified by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Clinical features were collected, especially the renal and urinary tract phenotype, and extrarenal features. We characterised PBX1 expression and localisation in fetal and adult kidneys using quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We defined a 276-kb minimal common region (MCR) that only overlaps with the PBX1 gene. All eight patients presented with syndromic CAKUT. CAKUT were mostly bilateral renal hypoplasia (75%). The most frequent extrarenal symptoms were developmental delay and ear malformations. We demonstrate that PBX1 is strongly expressed in fetal kidneys and brain and expression levels decreased in adult samples. In control fetal kidneys, PBX1 was localised in nuclei of medullary, interstitial and mesenchymal cells, whereas it was present in endothelial cells in adult kidneys. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that PBX1 haploinsufficiency leads to syndromic CAKUT as supported by the Pbx1-null mice model. Correct PBX1 dosage appears to be critical for normal nephrogenesis and seems important for brain development in humans. CMA should be recommended in cases of fetal renal anomalies to improve genetic counselling and pregnancy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Le Tanno
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Breton
- Département d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Bidart
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- UF Clinatec, Pôle Recherche, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Véronique Satre
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Equipe "Génétique, Epigénétique et Thérapies de l'Infertilité", Institut Albert Bonniot, La Tronche, France
| | - Radu Harbuz
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre F Ray
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Equipe "Génétique, Epigénétique et Thérapies de l'Infertilité", Institut Albert Bonniot, La Tronche, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Génétique et Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Bosson
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Génétique et Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Klaus Dieterich
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Jaillard
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- CHU Rennes, Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement CLAD-Ouest, Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France
| | - Gemma Poke
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand Central Hub, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Beddow
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand Central Hub, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Antonio Novelli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bernardini
- Mendel Laboratory IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Mackenroth
- Institut fuer Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultaet Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Hackmann
- Institut fuer Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultaet Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ida Vogel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Christensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Siv Fokstuen
- Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frédérique Béna
- Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florence Amblard
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Francoise Devillard
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaelle Vieville
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexia Apostolou
- Département d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre-Simon Jouk
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Hervé Sartelet
- Département d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Charles Coutton
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Equipe "Génétique, Epigénétique et Thérapies de l'Infertilité", Institut Albert Bonniot, La Tronche, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Génétique et Procréation, Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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20
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Alrabai HM, Farr A, Bettelheim D, Weber M, Farr S. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital upper limb differences: a current concept review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:2557-2563. [PMID: 27809626 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1256989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Congenital upper limb differences are frequently associated with complex syndromes. Ultrasonography is considered as the first-line diagnostic modality, and fetal MRI can be useful to further evaluate ill-defined areas. Genetic and non-invasive prenatal testing help to identify the underlying genetic disorder. The diagnostic assessment is a multidisciplinary task that should involve early prenatal consultations with specialists involved in case management and treatment planning. Obstetricians, geneticists, radiologists, psychologists and dedicated surgeons are needed to provide good parental education, prenatal and postnatal care, and successful outcomes. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the clinicopathologic background, current diagnostic and imaging procedures in affected fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza M Alrabai
- a Department of Orthopaedics , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Alex Farr
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria , and
| | - Dieter Bettelheim
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria , and
| | - Myriam Weber
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria , and
| | - Sebastian Farr
- c Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Adult Foot and Ankle Surgery , Orthopaedic Hospital Speising , Vienna , Austria
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21
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Al-Bughaili M, Neuhann TM, Flöttmann R, Mundlos S, Spielmann M, Kornak U, Fischer-Zirnsak B. A de novo 1q23.3-q24.2 deletion combined with a GORAB missense mutation causes a distinctive phenotype with cutis laxa. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:325-328. [PMID: 27604556 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gerodermia osteodysplastica is a recessive segmental progeroid disorder mainly characterized by wrinkled skin, generalized connective tissue weakness, infantile onset osteoporosis and normal intelligence. Coding mutations in GORAB, localized on chromosome 1q24.2, are the cause of this disease. 1q24 deletions underlie a spectrum of disorders with intellectual disability and ear abnormalities as phenotypic hallmarks. Here we report on an individual from Azerbaijan originating from a non-consanguineous couple showing short stature, cutis laxa, frequent fractures, facial dysmorphism, cup-shaped ears and intellectual disability. Sanger sequencing of GORAB revealed the seemingly homozygous missense mutation p.Ser175Phe. This mutation was detected in a heterozygous state in the clinically unaffected mother, but was absent in the healthy father. We performed copy-number investigations by high-resolution array-CGH and PCR approaches and found an ~6 Mb de novo deletion spanning 1q23.3-q24.2 in the affected boy. This novel combination of genetic defects very well explains the phenotype that goes beyond the usual presentation of gerodermia osteodysplastica. Our data provide new insight into the phenotypic spectrum of 1q23-q25 deletions and shows that the combination with another pathogenic allele can lead to more severe clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Bughaili
- Institut fuer Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ricarda Flöttmann
- Institut fuer Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Institut fuer Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik, FG Development & Disease, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Institut fuer Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik, FG Development & Disease, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Institut fuer Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik, FG Development & Disease, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Fischer-Zirnsak
- Institut fuer Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik, FG Development & Disease, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Lam F, Morris C. Nine year old boy with chromosome 1q23.3-q25.1 deletion. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:3013-3017. [PMID: 27416976 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 1 are rare, and recent reports of individuals with molecularly characterized deletions have resulted in advances in genotype-phenotype correlation. The recognizable phenotype associated with 1q23.3-q25.1 includes pre- and post-natal growth retardation, microcephaly, intellectual disability, delayed language acquisition, small hands and feet with brachydactyly and single palmar crease, and distinctive facial features including short bulbous nose, micrognathia, and ear malformations. We report a patient with an 11.35 Mb deletion from 1q23.3-q25.1 who has these features in addition to a rarely reported complication-profound sensorineural hearing loss. He has both pre- and post-natal growth deficiency and growth hormone deficiency that was diagnosed at age 2 years. However, unlike other individuals with this deletion and growth hormone deficiency, this boy has responded to treatment with human growth hormone. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada.
| | - Colleen Morris
- Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada
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23
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Mackenroth L, Hackmann K, Klink B, Weber JS, Mayer B, Schröck E, Tzschach A. Interstitial 1q23.3q24.1 deletion in a patient with renal malformation, congenital heart disease, and mild intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2394-9. [PMID: 27255444 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial deletions including chromosome region 1q23.3q24.1 are rare. Only eight patients with molecularly characterized deletions have been reported to date. Their phenotype included intellectual disability/developmental delay, growth retardation, microcephaly, congenital heart disease, and renal malformations. We report on a female patient with mild developmental delay, congenital heart disease, and bilateral renal hypoplasia in whom an interstitial de novo deletion of approximately 2.7 Mb in 1q23.3q24.1 was detected by array CGH. This is the smallest deletion described in this region so far. Genotype-phenotype comparison with previously published patients allowed us to propose LMX1A and RXRG as potential candidate genes for intellectual disability, PBX1 as a probable candidate gene for renal malformation, and enabled us to narrow down a chromosome region associated with microcephaly. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Mackenroth
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Hackmann
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Sara Weber
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Mayer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Evelin Schröck
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Tzschach
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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24
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Rosenfeld JA, Patel A. Chromosomal Microarrays: Understanding Genetics of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Congenital Anomalies. J Pediatr Genet 2016; 6:42-50. [PMID: 28180026 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal microarray (CMA) testing, used to identify DNA copy number variations (CNVs), has helped advance knowledge about genetics of human neurodevelopmental disease and congenital anomalies. It has aided in discovering new CNV syndromes and uncovering disease genes. It has discovered CNVs that are not fully penetrant and/or cause a spectrum of phenotypes, including intellectual disability, autism, schizophrenia, and dysmorphisms. Such CNVs can pose challenges to genetic counseling. They also have helped increase knowledge of genetic risk factors for neurodevelopmental disease and raised awareness of possible shared etiologies among these variable phenotypes. Advances in CMA technology allow CNV identification at increasingly finer scales, improving detection of pathogenic changes, although these sometimes are difficult to distinguish from normal population variation. This paper confronts some of the challenges uncovered by CMA testing while reviewing advances in genetics and the clinical use of this test that has replaced standard karyotyping in most genetic evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States; Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Ankita Patel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States; Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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