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Hopkins SE, Orr E, Boyer BB, Thompson B. Culturally adapting an evidence-based intervention to promote a healthy diet and lifestyle for Yup'ik Alaska native communities. Int J Circumpolar Health 2023; 82:2159888. [PMID: 36544274 PMCID: PMC9788688 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2022.2159888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Underserved populations are at increased risk for obesity and related cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic diseases. Lack of access to healthy foods, sedentary behaviour, and other social environmental factors contribute to disease risk. Yup'ik Alaska Native communities are experiencing lifestyle changes that are likely to affect their cardiometabolic risks. Barrera & Castro's Cultural Adaptation Framework was used to adapt an evidence-based intervention (EBI) originally designed for Latino communities for use in Yup'ik communities. Focus groups and key informant interviews were held in two Yup'ik communities. Major themes included causes of obesity, barriers and facilitators to healthy foods and physical activity, and intervention ideas. The adaptation process was guided by a Community Planning Group of Yup'ik women and included information gathering, preliminary adaptation design, preliminary adaptation tests, and adaptation refinement. Two of the adapted educational modules were pilot tested. Involving community members as co-researchers in cultural adaptation is vital for an EBI to be effective in another population. Small group gatherings led by local lay health workers are culturally appropriate and may be an effective health promotion model in Yup'ik communities. Social environmental factors affecting healthy food availability and physical activity need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett E. Hopkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Eliza Orr
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Bert B. Boyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Beti Thompson
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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2
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Simwinga M, Ndubani R, Schaap A, Ziba D, Bwalya C, Belemu S, Ngwenya F, Bwalya J, Shanaube K, Hoddinott G, White R, Bock P, Fidler S, Hayes R, Seeley J, Ayles H, Bond V. Disseminating complex primary outcome results from a community-randomised trial to Zambian communities: lessons learned using a community dialogue approach in the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial. Lancet HIV 2022; 9:e801-e808. [PMID: 36191598 PMCID: PMC10577308 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(22)00226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The HPTN 071 (PopART) trial of universal HIV testing and treatment to reduce HIV incidence was conducted in nine communities in South Africa and 12 in Zambia. The trial's primary outcome results were complicated to explain. Dissemination of these complicated results in participating communities in Zambia was done using a community dialogue approach. The approach, which involved interactive activities and a gradual and systematic approach to discussion of results in each community, facilitated respect and inclusion of participants in the dissemination process. The use of local language, pictures, images, and familiar analogies enhanced comprehension of the findings and created a two-way communication process between researchers and participants. The dialogue approach enabled both groups to use community perspectives, lived experiences, and local socio-structural features to interpret the trial results. Further, community members reflected on what the results meant to them individually and collectively. Although this community dialogue was both productive and appreciated, making this community interpretation apparent across disciplines in key quantitative scientific outputs remained a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Albertus Schaap
- Zambart, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Graeme Hoddinott
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Peter Bock
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sarah Fidler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Hayes
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Janet Seeley
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helen Ayles
- Zambart, Lusaka, Zambia; Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Virginia Bond
- Zambart, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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3
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Lemke AA, Esplin ED, Goldenberg AJ, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Hanchard NA, Harris-Wai J, Ideozu JE, Isasi R, Landstrom AP, Prince AER, Turbitt E, Sabatello M, Schrier Vergano SA, Taylor MRG, Yu JH, Brothers KB, Garrison NA. Addressing underrepresentation in genomics research through community engagement. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1563-1571. [PMID: 36055208 PMCID: PMC9502069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vision of the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) is that people everywhere will realize the benefits of human genetics and genomics. Implicit in that vision is the importance of ensuring that the benefits of human genetics and genomics research are realized in ways that minimize harms and maximize benefits, a goal that can only be achieved through focused efforts to address health inequities and increase the representation of underrepresented communities in genetics and genomics research. This guidance is intended to advance community engagement as an approach that can be used across the research lifecycle. Community engagement uniquely offers researchers in human genetics and genomics an opportunity to pursue that vision successfully, including by addressing underrepresentation in genomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Lemke
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Norton Children's Research Institute, affiliated with the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Edward D Esplin
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron J Goldenberg
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Department of Bioethics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland OH, USA
| | - Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; International Laboratory for Human Genome Research, Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Neil A Hanchard
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genomics Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie Harris-Wai
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; University of California at San Francisco, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Program on Bioethics, Institute for Health and Aging, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Justin E Ideozu
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Genomic Medicine, Genetic Research Center, AbbVie, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rosario Isasi
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Dr. J. T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, USA; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, USA
| | - Andrew P Landstrom
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anya E R Prince
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; University of Iowa College of Law, Iowa City IA, USA
| | - Erin Turbitt
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Discipline of Genetic Counselling, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Maya Sabatello
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Ethics, Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha A Schrier Vergano
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Matthew R G Taylor
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Adult Medical Genetics Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joon-Ho Yu
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics , University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Bioethics and Palliative Care, Department of Pediatrics , University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Public Health Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyle B Brothers
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Norton Children's Research Institute, affiliated with the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nanibaa' A Garrison
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville MD, USA; Professional Practice and Social Implications Community Engagement Guidance Writing Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, USA; Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Beans JA, Trinidad SB, Blacksher E, Hiratsuka VY, Spicer P, Woodahl EL, Boyer BB, Lewis CM, Gaffney PM, Garrison NA, Burke W. Communicating Precision Medicine Research: Multidisciplinary Teams and Diverse Communities. Public Health Genomics 2022; 25:1-9. [PMID: 35998578 PMCID: PMC9947193 DOI: 10.1159/000525684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Precision medicine research investigates the differences in individuals' genetics, environment, and lifestyle to tailor health prevention and treatment options as part of an emerging model of health care delivery. Advancing precision medicine research will require effective communication across a wide range of scientific and health care disciplines and with research participants who represent diverse segments of the population. METHODS A multidisciplinary group convened over the course of a year and developed precision medicine research case examples to facilitate precision medicine research discussions with communities. RESULTS A shared definition of precision medicine research as well as six case examples of precision medicine research involving genetic risk, pharmacogenetics, epigenetics, the microbiome, mobile health, and electronic health records were developed. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION The precision medicine research definition and case examples can be used as planning tools to establish a shared understanding of the scope of precision medicine research across multidisciplinary teams and with the diverse communities in which precision medicine research will take place. This shared understanding is vital for successful and equitable progress in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Beans
- Southcentral Foundation Research Department, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Susan B. Trinidad
- Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Erika Blacksher
- Department of History and Philosophy of Medicine, University of Kansas City Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America Center for Practical Bioethics, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Y. Hiratsuka
- Southcentral Foundation Research Department, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
- Center for Human Development, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Paul Spicer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Erica L. Woodahl
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Bert B. Boyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Cecil M. Lewis
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Patrick M. Gaffney
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Nanibaa’ A. Garrison
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Wylie Burke
- Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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5
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Carroll SR, Garba I, Plevel R, Small-Rodriguez D, Hiratsuka VY, Hudson M, Garrison NA. Using Indigenous Standards to Implement the CARE Principles: Setting Expectations through Tribal Research Codes. Front Genet 2022; 13:823309. [PMID: 35386282 PMCID: PMC8977641 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.823309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical data are now organized in large-scale databases allowing researchers worldwide to access and utilize the data for new projects. As new technologies generate even larger amounts of data, data governance and data management are becoming pressing challenges. The FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) were developed to facilitate data sharing. However, the Indigenous Data Sovereignty movement advocates for greater Indigenous control and oversight in order to share data on Indigenous Peoples’ terms. This is especially true in the context of genetic research where Indigenous Peoples historically have been unethically exploited in the name of science. This article outlines the relationship between sovereignty and ethics in the context of data to describe the collective rights that Indigenous Peoples assert to increase control over their biomedical data. Then drawing on the CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance (Collective benefit, Authority to control, Responsibility, and Ethics), we explore how standards already set by Native nations in the United States, such as tribal research codes, provide direction for implementation of the CARE Principles to complement FAIR. A broader approach to policy and procedure regarding tribal participation in biomedical research is required and we make recommendations for tribes, institutions, and ethical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Russo Carroll
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Native Nations Institute, Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ibrahim Garba
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Native Nations Institute, Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rebecca Plevel
- Native Nations Institute, Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Library and Information Sciences, School of Information, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Law Library, School of Law, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Desi Small-Rodriguez
- Department of Sociology, College of Social Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,American Indian Studies Program, College of Social Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vanessa Y Hiratsuka
- Center for Human Development, College of Health, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Maui Hudson
- Te Kotahi Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Nanibaa' A Garrison
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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6
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Kisiangani I, Mohamed SF, Kyobutungi C, Tindana P, Ghansah A, Ramsay M, Asiki G. Perspectives on returning individual and aggregate genomic research results to study participants and communities in Kenya: a qualitative study. BMC Med Ethics 2022; 23:27. [PMID: 35300680 PMCID: PMC8932129 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-022-00767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A fundamental ethical challenge in conducting genomics research is the question of what and how individual level genetic findings and aggregate genomic results should be conveyed to research participants and communities. This is within the context of minimal guidance, policies, and experiences, particularly in Africa. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of key stakeholders' on returning genomics research results to participants in Kenya. METHODS This qualitative study involved focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with 69 stakeholders. The purposively selected participants, included research ethics committee (REC) members (8), community members (44), community resource persons (8), and researchers (9). A semi-structured interview guide was used to facilitate discussions. Six FGDs and twenty-five (IDIs) were conducted among the different stakeholders. The issues explored in the interviews included: (1) views on returning results, (2) kind of results to be returned, (3) value of returning results to participants, and (4) challenges anticipated in returning results to participants and communities. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded in Nvivo 12 pro. Thematic and content analysis was conducted. RESULTS Participants agreed on the importance of returning genomic results either as individual or aggregate results. The most cited reasons for returning of genomic results included recognizing participants' contribution to research, encouraging participation in future research, and increasing the awareness of scientific progress. Other aspects on how genomic research results should be shared included sharing easy to understand results in the shortest time possible and maintaining confidentiality when sharing sensitive results. CONCLUSIONS This study identified key stakeholders' perspectives on returning genomic results at the individual and community levels in two urban informal settlements of Nairobi. The majority of the participants expect to receive feedback about their genomic results, and it is an obligation for researchers to see how to best fulfil it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Kisiangani
- African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. Box 10787, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
| | - Shukri F Mohamed
- African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. Box 10787, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Catherine Kyobutungi
- African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. Box 10787, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Paulina Tindana
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Anita Ghansah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Michele Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Witwatersrand, The Mount, 9 Jubilee Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. Box 10787, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
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Return of individual research results from genomic research: A systematic review of stakeholder perspectives. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258646. [PMID: 34748551 PMCID: PMC8575249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the plethora of empirical studies conducted to date, debate continues about whether and to what extent results should be returned to participants of genomic research. We aimed to systematically review the empirical literature exploring stakeholders’ perspectives on return of individual research results (IRR) from genomic research. We examined preferences for receiving or willingness to return IRR, and experiences with either receiving or returning them. The systematic searches were conducted across five major databases in August 2018 and repeated in April 2020, and included studies reporting findings from primary research regardless of method (quantitative, qualitative, mixed). Articles that related to the clinical setting were excluded. Our search identified 221 articles that met our search criteria. This included 118 quantitative, 69 qualitative and 34 mixed methods studies. These articles included a total number of 118,874 stakeholders with research participants (85,270/72%) and members of the general public (40,967/35%) being the largest groups represented. The articles spanned at least 22 different countries with most (144/65%) being from the USA. Most (76%) discussed clinical research projects, rather than biobanks. More than half (58%) gauged views that were hypothetical. We found overwhelming evidence of high interest in return of IRR from potential and actual genomic research participants. There is also a general willingness to provide such results by researchers and health professionals, although they tend to adopt a more cautious stance. While all results are desired to some degree, those that have the potential to change clinical management are generally prioritized by all stakeholders. Professional stakeholders appear more willing to return results that are reliable and clinically relevant than those that are less reliable and lack clinical relevance. The lack of evidence for significant enduring psychological harm and the clear benefits to some research participants suggest that researchers should be returning actionable IRRs to participants.
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Mudd-Martin G, Cirino AL, Barcelona V, Fox K, Hudson M, Sun YV, Taylor JY, Cameron VA. Considerations for Cardiovascular Genetic and Genomic Research With Marginalized Racial and Ethnic Groups and Indigenous Peoples: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2021; 14:e000084. [PMID: 34304578 DOI: 10.1161/hcg.0000000000000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups and Indigenous peoples are burdened by significant health inequities that are compounded by their underrepresentation in genetic and genomic research. Of all genome-wide association study participants, ≈79% are of European descent, despite this group constituting only 16% of the global population. For underrepresented populations, polygenic risk scores derived from these studies are less accurate in predicting disease phenotypes, novel population-specific genetic variations may be misclassified as potentially pathogenic, and there is a lack of understanding of how different populations metabolize drugs. Although inclusion of marginalized racial and ethnic groups and Indigenous peoples in genetic and genomic research is crucial, scientific studies must be guided by ethical principles of respect, honesty, justice, reciprocity, and care for individuals and communities. Special considerations are needed to support research that benefits the scientific community as well as Indigenous peoples and marginalized groups. Before a project begins, collaboration with community leaders and agencies can lead to successful implementation of the study. Throughout the study, consideration must be given to issues such as implications of informed consent for individuals and communities, dissemination of findings through scientific and community avenues, and implications of community identity for data governance and sharing. Attention to these issues is critical, given historical harms in biomedical research that marginalized groups and Indigenous peoples have suffered. Conducting genetic and genomic research in partnership with Indigenous peoples and marginalized groups guided by ethical principles provides a pathway for scientific advances that will enhance prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease for everyone.
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9
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Vears DF, Minion JT, Roberts SJ, Cummings J, Machirori M, Murtagh MJ. Views on genomic research result delivery methods and informed consent: a review. Per Med 2021; 18:295-310. [PMID: 33822658 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2020-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There has been little discussion of the way genomic research results should be returned and how to obtain informed consent for this. We systematically searched the empirical literature, identifying 63 articles exploring stakeholder perspectives on processes for obtaining informed consent about return of results and/or result delivery. Participants, patients and members of the public generally felt they should choose which results are returned to them and how, ranging from direct (face-to-face, telephone) to indirect (letters, emails, web-based delivery) communication. Professionals identified inadequacies in result delivery processes in the research context. Our findings have important implications for ensuring participants are supported in deciding which results they wish to receive or, if no choice is offered, preparing them for potential research outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danya F Vears
- Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Carlton 3052, Australia.,Biomedical Ethics Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia.,Center for Biomedical Ethics & Law, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Leuven Institute for Human Genetics & Society, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Joel T Minion
- Policy, Ethics & Life Sciences (PEALS) Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Stephanie J Roberts
- Policy, Ethics & Life Sciences (PEALS) Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - James Cummings
- School of Art, Media & American Studies, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Mavis Machirori
- School of Social & Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Madeleine J Murtagh
- Policy, Ethics & Life Sciences (PEALS) Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK.,School of Social & Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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10
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Abstract
Genomic information is poised to play an increasing role in clinical care, extending beyond highly penetrant genetic conditions to less penetrant genotypes and common disorders. But with this shift, the question of clinical utility becomes a major challenge. A collaborative effort is necessary to determine the information needed to evaluate different uses of genomic information and then acquire that information. Another challenge must also be addressed if that process is to provide equitable benefits: the lack of diversity of genomic data. Current genomic knowledge comes primarily from populations of European descent, which poses the risk that most of the human population will be shortchanged when health benefits of genomics emerge. These two challenges have defined my career as a geneticist and have taught me that solutions must start with dialogue across disciplinary and social divides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylie Burke
- Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA;
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11
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Nash SH, Peters U, Redwood D. Developing an Epidemiologic Study to Investigate Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer Among Alaska Native People. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2020; 25 Suppl 5, Tribal Epidemiology Centers: Advancing Public Health in Indian Country for Over 20 Years:S54-S60. [PMID: 31348191 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000000994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alaska Native (AN) people have among the highest rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) recorded globally. Preventing CRC is an important health priority of AN tribal health leaders and communities. Lifestyle and genetic risk and protective factors for CRC among AN people remain understudied. We have been working to establish a tribally led, community-based, comprehensive investigation of lifestyle and genetic risk and protective factors for CRC among AN people. We describe the process of initiating this research study, including conversations with key tribal health system staff. We discuss themes that arose during these conversations and literature review and describe how those themes were used during the study design and protocol development phase. This description is intended to provide guidance to other researchers working to establish community-based studies of cancer risk, particularly among tribal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Nash
- Alaska Native Epidemiology Center, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska (Drs Nash and Redwood); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (Dr Peters); and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Dr Peters)
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Hmong participants' reactions to return of individual and community pharmacogenetic research results: "A positive light for our community". J Community Genet 2020; 12:53-65. [PMID: 32761465 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-020-00475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenetic research has historically lacked racial and ethnic diversity, limiting the application of findings to minority populations. Recent studies, including the Hmong, have gauged communities' interest in participating in genomic research and receiving their individual results. This study was conducted to create a culturally and linguistically appropriate format to return pharmacogenomic results and identify Minnesota Hmong research participants' reactions to their personal and collective results. Using a community-based participatory research approach, researchers collaborated with Hmong community members to format the pharmacogenetic disclosure process. Three focus groups were completed with 24 Hmong participants and three major themes emerged using thematic analysis. Many Hmong focus group participants viewed the results positively, finding them useful for themselves and their community as a means to optimize responses to and avoid harms from medicines. However, some participants expressed concerns about harms that the pharmacogenetic information could bring, including anxiety, misunderstanding, discrimination, exploitation, and lack of a clinician involvement in interpreting and applying the result. Many participants interpreted their results through an experiential lens, trusting their experience of medicines more than trusting genetic information, and through a cultural lens, expressing the belief that environmental factors may influence how people's bodies respond to medicines by influencing their inherited flesh and blood (roj ntsha). Lastly, participants stressed the importance of disseminating the information while acknowledging the complex linguistic, educational, and cultural factors that limit understanding of the results. Researchers, genetic counselors, pharmacists, and healthcare providers should strive to return results in meaningful ways to all members of society.
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Purvis RS, Long CR, Eisenberg LR, Hester DM, Cunningham TV, Holland A, Chatrathi HE, McElfish PA. First Do No Harm: Ethical Concerns of Health Researchers That Discourage the Sharing of Results With Research Participants. AJOB Empir Bioeth 2020; 11:104-113. [PMID: 32163009 DOI: 10.1080/23294515.2020.1737980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Health researchers and health research participants support the sharing of research results; however, results are typically only shared through peer-reviewed publications. Few studies have investigated researchers' ethical concerns related to sharing results with research participants. Methods: An explanatory approach was used to explore the ethical concerns researchers may have with returning aggregate results to research participants. Researchers (N = 414) responded to an online survey of open-ended questions that allowed researchers to provide in-depth explanations regarding their responses to closed-ended questions. Results: Across researchers, the mean percentage of studies for which ethical concerns were reported as a barrier to results sharing was 38.5% (SD= 30.7). Researchers' primary ethical concerns with returning results were articulated as an overarching desire to prevent harm to participants. Three broad ethical concerns emerged, each with underlying subthemes: 1) distress, 2) understanding, and 3) privacy. Conclusions: This is the first study to broadly explore researchers' ethical concerns with sharing aggregate research results with participants and reveals that researchers' ethical concerns are closely tied to the ethical obligation to do no harm. In order to increase results sharing, steps must be taken to help researchers understand how to minimize potential harm when sharing results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Purvis
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Christopher R Long
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Leah R Eisenberg
- Medical Humanities and Bioethics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - D Micah Hester
- Medical Humanities and Bioethics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Thomas V Cunningham
- Bioethics Program, Kaiser Permanente West Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Angel Holland
- College of Health Professions, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Harish E Chatrathi
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pearl A McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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McElfish PA, Purvis RS, Scott AJ, Haggard-Duff LK, Riklon S, Long CR. "The results are encouragements to make positive changes to be healthier:" qualitative evaluation of Marshallese participants' perceptions when receiving study results in a randomized control trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 17:100543. [PMID: 32140610 PMCID: PMC7044511 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Study participants express a desire to receive the results of studies in which they have participated even when the results are not what researchers expected. Sharing results with participants is a core principle of community-based participatory research (CBPR), however, many researchers using a community-based participatory approach report that they encounter barriers to sharing results with study participants. Researchers at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences established a CBPR partnership with Marshallese community stakeholders in an effort to reduce the health disparities of this vulnerable population. Marshallese are a Pacific Islander population that faces significant health disparities and have a high prevalence of diabetes, obesity, obesity-related cancers, and other chronic diseases compared to the general US population. Methods A qualitative descriptive design was used to evaluate Marshallese participants' perceptions related to receiving results of a culturally adapted Diabetes Self-Management Education randomized control trial in which they participated. Participants were provided with a summary of their individual results as well as preliminary, overall aggregate study results. Interviews were conducted with half of (N = 111) of the 221 enrolled participants that provided them with the opportunity to share in-depth responses related to their perceptions of the study results they received. Results There was no statistically significant differences between study arms in participant desire to receive overall study results, desire to receive personal study results, or willingness to participate in future research. Participants described their desire for results and the effect of these results on their future behavior. Within the a priori theme of participants' desire for results, three subthemes emerged: 1) results showed current health status, 2) results showed improvement, and 3) demonstrated the overall results of the study. Within the a priori theme of effects of results on future behavior, two sub-themes emerged: 1) encourage future healthy behavior, and 2) encourage future research participation. Conclusions Participants overwhelmingly stated they wanted to receive personal and aggregate study results. This finding is consistent with previous qualitative studies that documented that participants want results. Marshallese participants also reported that receiving study results would affect their future health behavior. This study documents specifically how participants anticipate using the results of studies in which they participated. Clinical trials registration information The study is registered in clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT02407132).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl A McElfish
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Rachel S Purvis
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, United States
| | - Aaron J Scott
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, United States
| | - Lauren K Haggard-Duff
- College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, United States
| | - Sheldon Riklon
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, United States
| | - Christopher R Long
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, United States
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McElfish PA, Long CR, James LP, Scott AJ, Flood-Grady E, Kimminau KS, Rhyne RL, Burge MR, Purvis RS. Characterizing health researcher barriers to sharing results with study participants. J Clin Transl Sci 2019; 3:295-301. [PMID: 31827902 PMCID: PMC6886004 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2019.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research participants want to receive results from studies in which they participate. However, health researchers rarely share the results of their studies beyond scientific publication. Little is known about the barriers researchers face in returning study results to participants. METHODS Using a mixed-methods design, health researchers (N = 414) from more than 40 US universities were asked about barriers to providing results to participants. Respondents were recruited from universities with Clinical and Translational Science Award programs and Prevention Research Centers. RESULTS Respondents reported the percent of their research where they experienced each of the four barriers to disseminating results to participants: logistical/methodological, financial, systems, and regulatory. A fifth barrier, investigator capacity, emerged from data analysis. Training for research faculty and staff, promotion and tenure incentives, and funding agencies supporting dissemination of results to participants were solutions offered to overcoming barriers. CONCLUSIONS Study findings add to literature on research dissemination by documenting health researchers' perceived barriers to sharing study results with participants. Implications for policy and practice suggest that additional resources and training could help reduce dissemination barriers and increase the return of results to participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl A. McElfish
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
| | - Christopher R. Long
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
| | - Laura P. James
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Aaron J. Scott
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
| | - Elizabeth Flood-Grady
- STEM Translational Communication Center, College of Journalism and Communications and Recruitment Center, Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kim S. Kimminau
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Robert L. Rhyne
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Mark R. Burge
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, Health Science Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Rachel S. Purvis
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
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McElfish PA, Purvis RS, Stewart MK, James L, Kim Yeary KH, Long CR. Health Research Funding Agencies' Policies, Recommendations, and Tools for Dissemination. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2019; 12:473-482. [PMID: 30739901 DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2018.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
THE PROBLEM Dissemination is a key component of translational research. However, research participants rarely receive findings from the studies in which they have participated. Funding agencies have a significant amount of influence to promote research dissemination through requirements, recommendations, and tools. However, it is not clear to what extent current funding agencies promote dissemination to study participants.Purpose of Article: A review of major health research funders was conducted to ascertain the current policies, recommendations, and tools related to 1) academic dissemination, 2) lay community dissemination, and 3) returning results to research participants. KEY POINTS Several agencies have policies, recommendations, and tools for academic dissemination; however, few have the same policies, recommendations, and tools for dissemination to research participants and the lay communities they are recruited from. CONCLUSIONS Funding agencies have a unique opportunity to encourage the dissemination of research results to research participants and lay community audiences by developing policies to increase dissemination of grantees' research findings.
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Perspectives on communication and engagement with regard to collecting biospecimens and family health histories for cancer research in a rural Alaska Native community. J Community Genet 2019; 10:435-446. [PMID: 30701443 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-019-00408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine initiatives, such as Cancer Breakthrough 2020, promise to improve cancer outcomes by tailoring treatment to an individual's genes, environment, and lifestyle. This promise will fall short unless researchers successfully engage diverse communities, including those with histories of medical and research abuse. We examined a rural Alaska Native community's viewpoints about biospecimen collection and storage; interest and recall in reporting family health history; and interest and engagement in biospecimen collection for conducting a genetic test for cancer. In 2014, four focus groups were held with 28 adult Alaska Native rural community members. Thematic analysis was performed after establishing a coding scheme by team consensus. Study participants shared interest in engaging in genetic cancer research and suggested ways to improve community engagement in research. These included transparency and continuous communication with researchers at all stages of the research, clear communication about the intent of the research, and that research and results take into consideration the community's needs. These suggestions may be beneficial for future efforts to expand precision medicine research in Alaska Native communities and similar, diverse populations.
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McElfish PA, Purvis RS, Long CR. Researchers' experiences with and perceptions of returning results to participants: Study protocol. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2018; 11:95-98. [PMID: 30003172 PMCID: PMC6039541 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health research participants want to receive the results from research studies in which they have participated, and health research funding agencies encourage the returning of results to research participants. However, researchers rarely return results to research participants. This study protocol aims to fill the significant gap in knowledge that exists regarding experiences, perceptions, and challenges health researchers have with returning results to research participants. Design The study will use a mixed-methods concurrent triangulation design that will collect qualitative and quantitative data in one simultaneous phase to allow researchers to utilize each type of data to corroborate the findings from the other. The research team developed a mixed-methods survey to assess the experiences, perceptions, and challenges health researchers have with returning results to research participants. Method The survey includes both quantitative and qualitative (open-ended) questions and will be implemented online and will take approximately 10-15 min for respondents to complete. The survey is divided into four topics areas, which include respondents': 1) general opinion of returning results to participants in health research studies, 2) experiences with a specific study in which they did not return results to participants, 3) perceptions of specific challenges they face in returning results to participants, and 4) demographic characteristics and professional background information. Summary The study to be conducted will address knowledge gaps related to researchers' experiences, perceptions, and challenges with returning research results. The study is an important step toward pragmatic solutions that can improve researchers' ability to return results to participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl A. McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Ave., Fayetteville, AR, 72703, USA
- Corresponding author. Northwest Arkansas Region, College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Ave., Fayetteville, AR, 72703-1908, USA.
| | - Rachel S. Purvis
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Ave., Fayetteville, AR, 72703, USA
| | - Christopher R. Long
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Ave., Fayetteville, AR, 72703, USA
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Sandberg JC, Spears Johnson CR, Nguyen HT, Talton JW, Quandt SA, Chen H, Summers P, Arcury TA. Mobile and Traditional Modes of Communication Among Male Latino Farmworkers: Implications for Health Communication and Dissemination. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 18:522-531. [PMID: 26463228 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-015-0299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This analysis describes (1) cell phone and smartphone ownership, (2) continuity of phone numbers, (3) use of specific technologies while inside and outside the U.S., and (4) perceived adequacy of specific formats to receive health research results among Latino farmworkers. Telecommunications questionnaires were administered to 165 and 102 farmworkers in North Carolina in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Univariate and bivariate analyses were completed. Increasing numbers of Latino farmworkers own cell phones and smartphones. Talk and text functions are used frequently. Relatively few farmworkers maintain consistent phone numbers. They prefer to receive study results through low technology formats. Strategies to use cell phones to improve health or to share research findings will face obstacles in this population. Public health officials who identify and implement effective strategies to overcome these barriers may be able to harness mobile technologies to address the needs of Latino farmworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne C Sandberg
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1084, USA. .,Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Chaya R Spears Johnson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1084, USA.,Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ha T Nguyen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1084, USA.,Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer W Talton
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sara A Quandt
- Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Phillip Summers
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1084, USA
| | - Thomas A Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1084, USA.,Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Knerr S, Hohl SD, Molina Y, Neuhouser ML, Li CI, Coronado GD, Fullerton SM, Thompson B. Engaging Study Participants in Research Dissemination at a Center for Population Health and Health Disparities. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2017; 10:569-576. [PMID: 28569682 DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2016.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research dissemination is a priority for The Partnership for Understanding and Eliminating Disparate Outcomes (PUEDO) for Latinas, a Center for Population Health and Health Disparities located at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC). OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify types of PUEDO research findings our participants wanted and why, dissemination audiences beyond PUEDO participants, and strategies to communicate diverse findings about breast cancer and breast cancer disparities. METHODS Five focus groups with PUEDO study participants (N = 25) were transcribed for qualitative content analysis (average participants per focus group, 5; range, 2-11). RESULTS Participants reported wanting to learn aggregate and personal results and were influenced by their life experiences, their experiences as study participants, and the relevance they believed specific results would have for their lives. Women advocated for broad dissemination and inclusive communication using a simple paper-based strategy that would be accessible to diverse audiences (e.g., study participants, policymakers, recent immigrants). CONCLUSIONS Focus groups informed PUEDO's dissemination strategy, which concentrates on study participants and the regional Latino community. This approach to dissemination should maximize information uptake and community benefit.
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Purvis RS, Abraham TH, Long CR, Stewart MK, Warmack TS, McElfish PA. Qualitative study of participants' perceptions and preferences regarding research dissemination. AJOB Empir Bioeth 2017; 8:69-74. [PMID: 28949841 DOI: 10.1080/23294515.2017.1310146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study identifies the experiences, preferences, and perceptions of research participants regarding dissemination of research findings at the participant level and community level. METHODS The qualitative study utilized focus-group methodology to explore research participants' experiences and preferences for the dissemination of research findings. Five focus groups were held with 53 participants who were recruited through existing community advisory boards in Arkansas. RESULTS Participants stated that researchers should always offer to share research findings. Participants explained that disseminating findings is appropriate because of their sense of ownership of results, it encourages participation facilitating higher quality research, and it may foster greater trust between researchers and participants. Participants also provided insights on how research findings should be shared, including recommendations for appropriate mode, timing, and context, as well as ways to share sensitive findings and the role of community partners in dissemination. CONCLUSIONS This study is consistent with other studies that document participants' desire to receive research findings and expands our knowledge by documenting participants' rationale for why they think it is important and their recommendations for how to share results. Further research is needed to understand why researchers are not disseminating study findings to participants and to test the best ways to share results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Purvis
- a Office of Community Health and Research , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Traci H Abraham
- b Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System , Eugene J. Towbin Healthcare Center , North Little Rock , Arkansas , USA
| | - Christopher R Long
- c College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Health Services Research , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - M Kathryn Stewart
- d Department of Health Policy and Management , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA
| | - T Scott Warmack
- e College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Pearl Anna McElfish
- f College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Office of Community Health and Research, Center for Pacific Islander Health , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
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Bach M, Jordan S, Hartung S, Santos-Hövener C, Wright MT. Participatory epidemiology: the contribution of participatory research to epidemiology. Emerg Themes Epidemiol 2017; 14:2. [PMID: 28203262 PMCID: PMC5301332 DOI: 10.1186/s12982-017-0056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiology has contributed in many ways to identifying various risk factors for disease and to promoting population health. However, there is a continuing debate about the ability of epidemiology not only to describe, but also to provide results which can be better translated into public health practice. It has been proposed that participatory research approaches be applied to epidemiology as a way to bridge this gap between description and action. A systematic account of what constitutes participatory epidemiology practice has, however, been lacking. Methods A scoping review was carried out focused on the question of what constitutes participatory approaches to epidemiology for the purpose of demonstrating their potential for advancing epidemiologic research. Relevant databases were searched, including both the published and non-published (grey) literature. The 102 identified sources were analyzed in terms of comparing common epidemiologic approaches to participatory counterparts regarding central aspects of the research process. Exemplary studies applying participatory approaches were examined more closely. Results A highly diverse, interdisciplinary body of literature was synthesized, resulting in a framework comprised of seven aspects of the research process: research goal, research question, population, context, data synthesis, research management, and dissemination of findings. The framework specifies how participatory approaches not only differ from, but also how they can enhance common approaches in epidemiology. Finally, recommendations for the further development of participatory approaches are given. These include: enhancing data collection, data analysis, and data validation; advancing capacity building for research at the local level; and developing data synthesis. Conclusion The proposed framework provides a basis for systematically developing the emergent science of participatory epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanne Hartung
- Catholic University of Applied Sciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Culhane-Pera KA, Straka RJ, Moua M, Roman Y, Vue P, Xiaaj K, Lo MX, Lor M. Engaging Hmong adults in genomic and pharmacogenomic research: Toward reducing health disparities in genomic knowledge using a community-based participatory research approach. J Community Genet 2017; 8:117-125. [PMID: 28074382 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-017-0292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancing precision medicine relies in part on examining populations that may exhibit unique genetic variants that impact clinical outcomes. Failure to include diverse populations in genomic-based research represents a health disparity. We implemented a community-based participatory research (CBPR) process with the Hmong community in Minnesota, who were refugees from Laos, in order to assess the feasibility of conducting genomic and pharmacogenomic-based research for genetic variants that are relevant to the Hmong community. Our Hmong Genomics Board, consisting of Hmong and non-Hmong professionals, used CBPR principles and built on previous formative research to create and implement culturally and linguistically appropriate informed consent processes for Hmong people at six community venues. The Board chose genetic variants for diabetes risk and warfarin response as relevant to the community. The Institutional Review Board approved aggregate but not individual return of results. Two hundred thirty-seven Hmong participants with mean (range) age of 30.2 (18-81) years and diverse levels of education (22% without and 75% with high-school education) provided saliva for genetic (DNA) analyses. Eighty-five percent of participants agreed to store DNA for future analyses, 82% agreed to share DNA with other researchers, and 78% agreed to be contacted for future studies. Twenty-five elders refused to participate because they wanted individual results. Aggregate results were shared with all participants. This CBPR approach proved highly successful to obtain informed consent and recruit a sample from the Hmong community for a genomic and pharmacogenomic study. Investment in the CBPR process may prove successful to address the gap of genomic information in under-represented communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J Straka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy University of Minnesota, 7-115 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - MaiKia Moua
- Benton County Health Services, 530 NW 27th St, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Youssef Roman
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy University of Minnesota, 7-115 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Pachia Vue
- University of Minnesota Medical Center-Fairview Campus, 2450 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Kang Xiaaj
- West Side Community Health Services, 153 Cesar Chavez St, Saint Paul, MN, 55107, USA
| | - May Xia Lo
- Phalen Family Pharmacy, 1001 Johnson Parkway, St Paul, MN, 55106, USA
| | - Mai Lor
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy University of Minnesota, 7-115 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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Long CR, Stewart MK, Cunningham TV, Warmack TS, McElfish PA. Health research participants' preferences for receiving research results. Clin Trials 2016; 13:582-591. [PMID: 27562368 DOI: 10.1177/1740774516665598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participants in health research studies typically express interest in receiving the results from the studies in which they participate. However, participants' preferences and experiences related to receiving the results are not well understood. In general, the existing studies have had relatively small sample sizes and typically address specific and often sensitive issues within targeted populations. METHODS This study used an online survey to explore attitudes and experiences of registrants in ResearchMatch, a large database of past, present, and potential health research participants. Survey respondents provided information related to whether or not they received research results from studies in which they participated, the methods used to communicate the results, their satisfaction with the results, and when and how they would like to receive research results from future studies. In all, 70,699 ResearchMatch registrants were notified of the study's topic. Of the 5207 registrants who requested full information about the study, 3381 respondents completed the survey. RESULTS Approximately 33% of respondents with previous health research participation reported receiving the results. Approximately half of respondents with previous research participation reported no opportunity to request the results. However, almost all respondents said researchers should always or sometimes offer the results to participants. Respondents expressed particular interest in the results related to their (or a loved one's) health, as well as information about studies' purposes and any medical advances based on the results. In general, respondents' most preferred dissemination methods for the results were email and website postings. The least desirable dissemination methods for the results included Twitter, conference calls, and text messages. Across all the results, we compare the responses of respondents with and without previous research participation experience and those who have worked in research organizations versus those who have not. Compared to respondents who have previous participation experience, a greater proportion of respondents with no participation experience indicated that the results should always be shared with participants. Likewise, respondents with no participation experience placed higher importance on the receipt of each type of results' information included in the survey. CONCLUSION We present findings from a survey assessing attitudes and experiences of a broad sample of respondents that addresses gaps in knowledge related to participants' preferences for receiving the results. The study's findings highlight the potential for inconsistency between respondents' expressed preferences to receive specific types of results via specific methods and researchers' unwillingness or inability to provide them. We present specific recommendations to shift the approach of new studies to investigate participants' preferences for receiving research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Long
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - M Kathryn Stewart
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Thomas V Cunningham
- Division of Medical Humanities and Department of Internal Medicine, UAMS College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - T Scott Warmack
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Pearl A McElfish
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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