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Iwata-Otsubo A, Skraban CM, Yoshimura A, Sakata T, Alves CAP, Fiordaliso SK, Kuroda Y, Vengoechea J, Grochowsky A, Ernste P, Lulis L, Nesbitt A, Tayoun AA, Gray C, Towne MC, Radtke K, Normand EA, Rhodes L, Seiler C, Shirahige K, Izumi K. Biallelic variants in GTF3C5, a regulator of RNA polymerase III-mediated transcription, cause a multisystem developmental disorder. Hum Genet 2024; 143:437-453. [PMID: 38520561 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
General transcription factor IIIC subunit 5 (GTF3C5) encodes transcription factor IIIC63 (TFIIIC63). It binds to DNA to recruit another transcription factor, TFIIIB, and RNA polymerase III (Pol III) to mediate the transcription of small noncoding RNAs, such as tRNAs. Here, we report four individuals from three families presenting with a multisystem developmental disorder phenotype with biallelic variants in GTF3C5. The overlapping features include growth retardation, developmental delay, intellectual disability, dental anomalies, cerebellar malformations, delayed bone age, skeletal anomalies, and facial dysmorphism. Using lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from two affected individuals, we observed a reduction in TFIIIC63 protein levels compared to control LCLs. Genome binding of TFIIIC63 protein is also reduced in LCL from one of the affected individuals. Additionally, approximately 40% of Pol III binding regions exhibited reduction in the level of Pol III occupancy in the mutant genome relative to the control, while approximately 54% of target regions showed comparable levels of Pol III occupancy between the two, indicating partial impairment of Pol III occupancy in the mutant genome. Yeasts with subject-specific variants showed temperature sensitivity and impaired growth, supporting the notion that the identified variants have deleterious effects. gtf3c5 mutant zebrafish showed developmental defects, including a smaller body, head, and eyes. Taken together, our data show that GTF3C5 plays an important role in embryonic development, and that biallelic variants in this gene cause a multisystem developmental disorder. Our study adds GTF3C5-related disorder to the growing list of genetic disorders associated with Pol III transcription machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Iwata-Otsubo
- Division of Human Genetics/Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Cara M Skraban
- Division of Human Genetics/Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Atsunori Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Toyonori Sakata
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Cesar Augusto P Alves
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sarah K Fiordaliso
- Division of Human Genetics/Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yukiko Kuroda
- Division of Human Genetics/Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jaime Vengoechea
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Angela Grochowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Paige Ernste
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Invitae, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA
| | - Lauren Lulis
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Addie Nesbitt
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Veritas Genetics, Danvers, MA, 01923, USA
| | - Ahmad Abou Tayoun
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Genomics Center of Excellence, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai Health, Center for Genomic Discovery, Mohammed Bin Rashid University, Dubai Health, UAE
| | - Christopher Gray
- Division of Human Genetics/Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Christoph Seiler
- Zebrafish Core, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kosuke Izumi
- Division of Human Genetics/Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Laboratory of Rare Disease Research, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8573, USA.
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Zhao X, Lan Y, Miao J, Li G, Sun W, Qiu X, Zhu S, Zhu Z. A novel BRF1 mutation in two middle-aged siblings with cerebellofaciodental syndrome. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2375-2377. [PMID: 34935685 PMCID: PMC9771189 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wenzhe Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiuli Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Suiqiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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Busschers E, Ahmad N, Sun L, Iben JR, Walkey CJ, Rusin A, Yuen T, Rosen CJ, Willis IM, Zaidi M, Johnson DL. MAF1, a repressor of RNA polymerase III-dependent transcription, regulates bone mass. eLife 2022; 11:74740. [PMID: 35611941 PMCID: PMC9212997 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MAF1, a key repressor of RNA polymerase (pol) III-mediated transcription, has been shown to promote mesoderm formation in vitro. Here, we show that MAF1 plays a critical role in regulating osteoblast differentiation and bone mass. Global deletion of MAF1 (Maf1-/- mice) produced a high bone mass phenotype. However, osteoblasts isolated from Maf1-/- mice showed reduced osteoblastogenesis ex vivo. Therefore, we determined the phenotype of mice overexpressing MAF1 in cells from the mesenchymal lineage (Prx1-Cre;LSL-MAF1 mice). These mice showed increased bone mass. Ex vivo, cells from these mice showed enhanced osteoblastogenesis concordant with their high bone mass phenotype. Thus, the high bone mass phenotype in Maf1-/- mice is likely due to confounding effects from the global absence of MAF1. MAF1 overexpression promoted osteoblast differentiation of ST2 cells while MAF1 downregulation inhibited differentiation, indicating MAF1 enhances osteoblast formation. However, other perturbations used to repress RNA pol III transcription, inhibited osteoblast differentiation. However, decreasing RNA pol III transcription through these perturbations enhanced adipogenesis in ST2 cells. RNA-seq analyzed the basis for these opposing actions on osteoblast differentiation. The different modalities used to perturb RNA pol III transcription resulted in distinct gene expression changes, indicating that this transcription process is highly sensitive and triggers diverse gene expression programs and phenotypic outcomes. Specifically, MAF1 induced genes known to promote osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, genes that are induced during osteoblast differentiation displayed codon bias. Together, these results reveal a novel role for MAF1 and RNA pol III-mediated transcription in osteoblast fate determination, differentiation, and bone mass regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Busschers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Ican School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Medicine, Ican School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - James R Iben
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, United States
| | - Christopher J Walkey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Aleksandra Rusin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Tony Yuen
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, United States
| | - Ian M Willis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Mone Zaidi
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Deborah L Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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