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Oishi K, Niitsu T, Kanahara N, Sato Y, Iwayama Y, Toyota T, Hashimoto T, Sasaki T, Takase M, Shiina A, Yoshikawa T, Iyo M. Genetic risks of schizophrenia identified in a matched case-control study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:775-781. [PMID: 32623490 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that dopaminergic neurotransmission plays important roles for the psychotic symptoms and probably etiology of schizophrenia. In our recent preliminary study, we demonstrated that the specific allele combinations of dopamine-related functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs10770141, rs4680, and rs1800497 could indicate risks for schizophrenia. The present validation study involved a total of 2542 individuals who were age- and sex-matched in a propensity score matching analysis, and the results supported the statistical significances of the proposed genetic risks described in our previous reports. The estimated odds ratios were 1.24 (95% CI 1.06-1.45, p < 0.001) for rs4680, 1.73 (95% CI 1.47-2.02, p < 0.0001) for rs1800497, and 1.79 (95% CI 1.35-2.36, p < 0.0001) for rs10770141. A significant relationship was also revealed among these three polymorphisms and schizophrenia, with corresponding coefficients (p < 0.0001). In this study, we also present a new scoring model for the identification of individuals with the disease risks. Using the cut-off value of 2, our model exhibited sensitivity for almost two-thirds of all of the schizophrenia patients: odds ratio 1.87, 95% CI 1.59-2.19, p < 0.0001. In conclusion, we identified significant associations of dopamine-related genetic combinations with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that some types of dopaminergic neurotransmission play important roles for development of schizophrenia, and this type of approach may also be applicable for other multifactorial diseases, providing a potent new risk predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Oishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Tomihisa Niitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Kanahara
- Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0016, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Support Unit for Bio-Material Analysis, Research Resources Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sasaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takase
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shiina
- Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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Howes OD, McCutcheon R, Owen MJ, Murray RM. The Role of Genes, Stress, and Dopamine in the Development of Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:9-20. [PMID: 27720198 PMCID: PMC5675052 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine hypothesis is the longest standing pathoetiologic theory of schizophrenia. Because it was initially based on indirect evidence and findings in patients with established schizophrenia, it was unclear what role dopamine played in the onset of the disorder. However, recent studies in people at risk of schizophrenia have found elevated striatal dopamine synthesis capacity and increased dopamine release to stress. Furthermore, striatal dopamine changes have been linked to altered cortical function during cognitive tasks, in line with preclinical evidence that a circuit involving cortical projections to the striatum and midbrain may underlie the striatal dopamine changes. Other studies have shown that a number of environmental risk factors for schizophrenia, such as social isolation and childhood trauma, also affect presynaptic dopaminergic function. Advances in preclinical work and genetics have begun to unravel the molecular architecture linking dopamine, psychosis, and psychosocial stress. Included among the many genes associated with risk of schizophrenia are the gene encoding the dopamine D2 receptor and those involved in the upstream regulation of dopaminergic synthesis, through glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic pathways. A number of these pathways are also linked to the stress response. We review these new lines of evidence and present a model of how genes and environmental factors may sensitize the dopamine system so that it is vulnerable to acute stress, leading to progressive dysregulation and the onset of psychosis. Finally, we consider the implications for rational drug development, in particular regionally selective dopaminergic modulation, and the potential of genetic factors to stratify patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D Howes
- Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Robert McCutcheon
- Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Robin M Murray
- Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Gaskin PL, Toledo-Rodriguez M, Alexander SP, Fone KC. Down-Regulation of Hippocampal Genes Regulating Dopaminergic, GABAergic, and Glutamatergic Function Following Combined Neonatal Phencyclidine and Post-Weaning Social Isolation of Rats as a Neurodevelopmental Model for Schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw062. [PMID: 27382048 PMCID: PMC5137279 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic function underlies many core symptoms of schizophrenia. Combined neonatal injection of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, phencyclidine (PCP), and post-weaning social isolation of rats produces a behavioral syndrome with translational relevance to several core symptoms of schizophrenia. This study uses DNA microarray to characterize alterations in hippocampal neurotransmitter-related gene expression and examines the ability of the sodium channel blocker, lamotrigine, to reverse behavioral changes in this model. METHODS Fifty-four male Lister-hooded rat pups either received phencyclidine (PCP, 10mg/kg, s.c.) on post-natal days (PND) 7, 9, and 11 before being weaned on PND 23 into separate cages (isolation; PCP-SI; n = 31) or received vehicle injection and group-housing (2-4 per cage; V-GH; n = 23) from weaning. The effect of lamotrigine on locomotor activity, novel object recognition, and prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle was examined (PND 60-75) and drug-free hippocampal gene expression on PND 70. RESULTS Acute lamotrigine (10-15mg/kg i.p.) reversed the hyperactivity and novel object recognition impairment induced by PCP-SI but had no effect on the prepulse inhibition deficit. Microarray revealed small but significant down-regulation of hippocampal genes involved in glutamate metabolism, dopamine neurotransmission, and GABA receptor signaling and in specific schizophrenia-linked genes, including parvalbumin (PVALB) and GAD67, in PCP-SI rats, which resemble changes reported in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that alterations in dopamine neurotransmission, glutamate metabolism, and GABA signaling may contribute to some of the behavioral deficits observed following PCP-SI, and that lamotrigine may have some utility as an adjunctive therapy to improve certain cognitive deficits symptoms in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lr Gaskin
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (Drs Gaskin, Toledo-Rodriguez, Alexander, and Fone)
| | - Maria Toledo-Rodriguez
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (Drs Gaskin, Toledo-Rodriguez, Alexander, and Fone)
| | - Stephen Ph Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (Drs Gaskin, Toledo-Rodriguez, Alexander, and Fone)
| | - Kevin Cf Fone
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (Drs Gaskin, Toledo-Rodriguez, Alexander, and Fone)
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4
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Horiguchi M, Ohi K, Hashimoto R, Hao Q, Yasuda Y, Yamamori H, Fujimoto M, Umeda-Yano S, Takeda M, Ichinose H. Functional polymorphism (C-824T) of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene affects IQ in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 68:456-62. [PMID: 24417771 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Progressive cognitive decline has been an important issue in the treatment and care of patients with schizophrenia. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of catecholamine, including dopamine and noradrenaline. In this report, we examined a possible association of a genetic variant in the TH promoter region. METHODS Association of a genetic variant in the TH promoter region, C-824T (rs10770141), with intellectual ability in 132 patients with schizophrenia and 282 healthy subjects was examined. The transcriptional activity of the plasmids harboring the TH promoter region with either C or T nucleotide at -824 was assayed using a luciferase gene as a reporter. RESULTS We found significant effects of the genotype on the full-scale IQ, verbal IQ, and performance IQ, in patients with schizophrenia. IQ was lower in individuals with the C/C genotype than those with T carriers. The plasmid with the T allele at -824 showed higher transcriptional activity than that with the C allele in a transient transfection experiment using a luciferase gene as a reporter, implying that the T carriers may have higher TH activities and retain higher levels of catecholamines in the brain. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that the biosynthesis of catecholamine by the action of TH should be deeply involved in decreased intellectual ability in patients with schizophrenia. This is the first report, as far as we know, showing a correlation between TH expression and IQ in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Horiguchi
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama
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5
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Godar SC, Bortolato M. Gene-sex interactions in schizophrenia: focus on dopamine neurotransmission. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:71. [PMID: 24639636 PMCID: PMC3944784 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder, with a highly complex and heterogenous clinical presentation. Our current perspectives posit that the pathogenic mechanisms of this illness lie in complex arrays of gene × environment interactions. Furthermore, several findings indicate that males have a higher susceptibility for schizophrenia, with earlier age of onset and overall poorer clinical prognosis. Based on these premises, several authors have recently begun exploring the possibility that the greater schizophrenia vulnerability in males may reflect specific gene × sex (G×S) interactions. Our knowledge on such G×S interactions in schizophrenia is still rudimentary; nevertheless, the bulk of preclinical evidence suggests that the molecular mechanisms for such interactions are likely contributed by the neurobiological effects of sex steroids on dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. Accordingly, several recent studies suggest a gender-specific association of certain DAergic genes with schizophrenia. These G×S interactions have been particularly documented for catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO), the main enzymes catalyzing DA metabolism. In the present review, we will outline the current evidence on the interactions of DA-related genes and sex-related factors, and discuss the potential molecular substrates that may mediate their cooperative actions in schizophrenia pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Godar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas Lawrence, KS, USA ; Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse, University of Kansas Lawrence, KS, USA
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Van Den Bossche MJ, Strazisar M, Cammaerts S, Liekens AM, Vandeweyer G, Depreeuw V, Mattheijssens M, Lenaerts AS, De Zutter S, De Rijk P, Sabbe B, Del-Favero J. Identification of rare copy number variants in high burden schizophrenia families. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:273-82. [PMID: 23505263 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Over the last years, genome-wide studies consistently showed an increased burden of rare copy number variants (CNVs) in schizophrenia patients, supporting the "common disease, rare variant" hypothesis in at least a subset of patients. We hypothesize that in families with a high burden of disease, and thus probably a high genetic load influencing disease susceptibility, rare CNVs might be involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. We performed a genome-wide CNV analysis in the index patients of eight families with multiple schizophrenia affected members, and consecutively performed a detailed family analysis for the most relevant CNVs. One index patient showed a DRD5 containing duplication. A second index patient presented with an NRXN1 containing deletion and two adjacent duplications containing MYT1L and SNTG2. Detailed analysis in the subsequent families showed segregation of the identified CNVs. With this study we show the importance of screening high burden families for rare CNVs, which will not only broaden our knowledge concerning the molecular genetic mechanisms involved in schizophrenia but also allow the use of the obtained genetic data to provide better clinical care to these families in general and to non-symptomatic causal CNV carriers in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J Van Den Bossche
- Applied Molecular Genomics Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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7
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Perez-Costas E, Melendez-Ferro M, Rice MW, Conley RR, Roberts RC. Dopamine pathology in schizophrenia: analysis of total and phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase in the substantia nigra. Front Psychiatry 2012; 3:31. [PMID: 22509170 PMCID: PMC3321522 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the importance of dopamine neurotransmission in schizophrenia, very few studies have addressed anomalies in the mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA). Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the production of dopamine, and a possible contributor to the anomalies in the dopaminergic neurotransmission observed in schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES In this study, we had three objectives: (1) Compare TH expression (mRNA and protein) in the SN/VTA of schizophrenia and control postmortem samples. (2) Assess the effect of antipsychotic medications on the expression of TH in the SN/VTA. (3) Examine possible regional differences in TH expression anomalies within the SN/VTA. METHODS To achieve these objectives three independent studies were conducted: (1) A pilot study to compare TH mRNA and TH protein levels in the SN/VTA of postmortem samples from schizophrenia and controls. (2) A chronic treatment study was performed in rodents to assess the effect of antipsychotic medications in TH protein levels in the SN/VTA. (3) A second postmortem study was performed to assess TH and phosphorylated TH protein levels in two types of samples: schizophrenia and control samples containing the entire rostro-caudal extent of the SN/VTA, and schizophrenia and control samples containing only mid-caudal regions of the SN/VTA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Our studies showed impairment in the dopaminergic system in schizophrenia that could be mainly (or exclusively) located in the rostral region of the SN/VTA. Our studies also showed that TH protein levels were significantly abnormal in schizophrenia, while mRNA expression levels were not affected, indicating that TH pathology in this region may occur posttranscriptionally. Lastly, our antipsychotic animal treatment study showed that TH protein levels were not significantly affected by antipsychotic treatment, indicating that these anomalies are an intrinsic pathology rather than a treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Perez-Costas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
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Zhu F, Yan CX, Wang Q, Zhu YS, Zhao Y, Huang J, Zhang HB, Gao CG, Li SB. An association study between dopamine D1 receptor gene polymorphisms and the risk of schizophrenia. Brain Res 2011; 1420:106-13. [PMID: 21955727 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in dopamine transmission at D1 receptors in the PFC are implicated in schizophrenia. Genetic polymorphisms in functional regions of DRD1 have a plausible role in modulating the risk of schizophrenia. In order to evaluate the role of DRD1 polymorphisms as a risk factor for schizophrenia, we performed a detailed analysis of possible functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in regulatory and coding regions of DRD1. Nine SNPs were identified by DNA sequencing in 20 patients with schizophrenia. Then 385 cases and 350 healthy control subjects were genotyped using the nine SNPs (rs4867798, rs686, rs1799914, rs4532 rs5326, rs265981, rs10078714, rs10063995, rs10078866). Statistically significant differences were observed in the allelic or genotypic frequencies of the rs686 and rs10063995 polymorphism in the DRD1 gene. A significantly lower risk of schizophrenia was associated with the G allele and AG+GG genotype of rs686 (OR (G allele)=0.632, 95%CI (G allele): 0.470-0.849; OR (AG+GG genotype)=0.578, 95%CI (AG+GG genotype): 0.416-0.803) compared with the A allele and AA genotype, respectively. And a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia was associated with the T allele of rs10063995 (OR=1.446, 95%CI: 1.125-1.859) compared with the G allele. The haplotype analysis indicated the G-T variant containing the T allele of rs10063995 is a risk for schizophrenia (P=0.005, OR=1.467, 95%CI: 1.123-1.917). These data suggest that DRD1 gene polymorphisms confer susceptibility to schizophrenia, and also support the notion that dysfunction of DRD1 is involved in the pathophysiological process of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Forensic Department, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, 76# West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
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Lee KY, Joo EJ, Ji YI, Kim DH, Park JB, Chung IW, Lee SI, Joo YH, Ahn YM, Song JY, Kim YS. Associations between DRDs and schizophrenia in a Korean population: multi-stage association analyses. Exp Mol Med 2011; 43:44-52. [PMID: 21178390 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2011.43.1.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of the dopaminergic system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of major psychosis, including schizophrenia, with dopamine receptor genes (DRDs) presently targeted as the most promising candidate genes. We investigated DRD1-5 for association with schizophrenia using a multi-stage approach in a Korean sample. One hundred forty-two SNPs in DRD1-5 were selected from the dbSNP, and the associations of each SNP were then screened and typed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry using pooled DNA samples from 150 patients with major psychosis and 150 controls. Each of the suggested SNPs was then genotyped and tested for an association within the individual samples comprising each pool. Finally, the positively associated SNPs were genotyped in an extended sample of 270 patients with schizophrenia and 350 controls. Among the 142 SNPs, 88 (62%) SNPs in our Korean population were polymorphic. At the pooling stage, 10 SNPs (DRD1: 2, DRD2: 3, and DRD4: 5) were identified (P<0.05). SNPs rs1799914 of DRD1 (P=0.046) and rs752306 of DRD4 (P=0.017) had significantly different allele frequencies in the individually genotyped samples comprising the pool. In the final stage, with the extended sample, the suggestive association of DRD4 with rs752306 was lost, but the association of DRD1 with rs1799914 gained greater significance (P=0.017). In these large-scale multi-stage analyses, we were able to find a possible association between DRD1 and schizophrenia. These findings suggested the potential contribution of a multi-step strategy for finding genes related to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Tee S, Tang P, Loh H. No evidence for association between DRD3 and COMT with schizophrenia in a Malay population. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:1850-5. [DOI: 10.4238/vol10-3gmr1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Hoenicka J, Garrido E, Ponce G, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Martínez I, Rubio G, Jiménez-Arriero MA, Palomo T. Sexually dimorphic interaction between the DRD1 and COMT genes in schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:948-54. [PMID: 20127886 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In the PFC, dopamine signalling largely depends on the D1 receptors, which are coded by the DRD1 gene, and on the regulation of dopamine levels by the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Here, we investigate the role of DRD1 and its interaction with the COMT gene in schizophrenic patients. In two gender-limited independent patient and control samples, we genotype five Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) of DRD1. The DRD1 SNP and haplotype associations, as well as interaction effects with the Val158Met COMT SNP were analyzed. In the male sample, we found the rs11746641 and rs11749676 DRD1 SNPs were associated with schizophrenia. Haplotype analyses identified the T-A-T-C-T variant related to a protective effect (P = 0.008) and the G-G-T-C-C variant that showed a tendency to be a risk factor for the disorder (P = 0.012). A logistic regression analysis revealed a significant pattern of interaction between DRD1 and COMT for both the rs11746641 (P = 0.002) and rs11749676 (P = 4.5 x 10(-5)) SNPs. DRD1-associated haplotypes were exclusively related to schizophrenia in the Val homozygous subgroup of patients (T-A-T-C-T: P = 0.003; G-G-T-C-C: P = 0.006). In females, none of the DRD1 SNPs were linked to the disorder. Our genetic data suggest that DRD1 and COMT are epistatically associated with protection against and the risk of developing schizophrenia in a gender-dependent fashion, and support the role of dopamine dysfunction at the PFC in the pathophysiology of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Hoenicka
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Zai CC, Tiwari AK, King N, De Luca V, Mueller DJ, Shaikh S, Wong GWH, Meltzer HY, Lieberman JA, Kennedy JL. Association study of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type a receptor gamma2 subunit gene with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2009; 114:33-8. [PMID: 19682861 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with a strong genetic basis. We analyzed eight GABRG2 and one DRD5 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms for association with SCZ in 109 small nuclear families and 229 independent SCZ case-control pairs. The marker rs183294 in the 5' region of GABRG2 was found to be associated with SCZ in both samples with the C allele over-represented in SCZ cases and over-transmitted in SCZ families (combined z=9.18; p<1 x 10(-3)). Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that GABRG2 may be involved in SCZ susceptibility, but further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement C Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Pal P, Mihanović M, Molnar S, Xi H, Sun G, Guha S, Jeran N, Tomljenović A, Malnar A, Missoni S, Deka R, Rudan P. Association of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms on 8 candidate genes in dopaminergic pathway with schizophrenia in Croatian population. Croat Med J 2009; 50:361-9. [PMID: 19673036 PMCID: PMC2728391 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2009.50.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To perform a comprehensive evaluation of association of common genetic variants in candidate genes in the dopaminergic pathway with schizophrenia in a sample from Croatian population. METHODS A case-control association study was performed on 104 unrelated patients with schizophrenia recruited from a psychiatric hospital in Zagreb and 131 phenotypically normal Croatian subjects. Forty-nine tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in 8 candidate genes in the dopaminergic pathway were identified from the HapMap database and tested for association. Genotyping was performed using the SNPlex platform. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess allelic and genotypic associations between cases and controls using a goodness of fit chi(2) test and trend test, respectively; adjustment for multiple testing was done by permutation based analysis. RESULTS Significant allele frequency differences between schizophrenia cases and controls were observed at 4 tagSNPs located in the genes DRD5, HTR1B1, DBH, and TH1 (P<0.005). A trend test also confirmed the genotypic association (P<0.001) of these 4 tagSNPs. Additionally, moderate association (P<0.05) was observed with 8 tagSNPs on SLC6A3, DBH, DRD4, SLC6A4, and COMT. CONCLUSIONS Common genetic variants in genes involved in the dopaminergic pathway are associated with schizophrenia in the populations of Caucasian descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodipto Pal
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Genome Information, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Sven Molnar
- St. Ivan Psychiatric Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Huifeng Xi
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Genome Information, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Guangyun Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Genome Information, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Saurav Guha
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Genome Information, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nina Jeran
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ana Malnar
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saša Missoni
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Genome Information, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Pavao Rudan
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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Carrera N, Sanjuán J, Moltó MD, Carracedo A, Costas J. Recent adaptive selection at MAOB and ancestral susceptibility to schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009; 150B:369-74. [PMID: 18553363 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ancestral susceptibility hypothesis has been proposed to explain the existence of susceptibility alleles to common diseases. Some ancestral alleles, reflecting ancient adaptations, may be poorly adapted to the more contemporary environmental conditions giving rise to an increased risk to suffer some common disorders. In order to test this hypothesis in schizophrenia, we focused on the monoamine oxidase B gene (MAOB). This gene is involved in deamination of several monoamines, including both xenobiotic amines present in several foods, as well as neurotransmitters such as dopamine. In addition, preliminary analysis based on phase I HapMap data suggested that recent natural selection has acted on this locus. We further explored the existence of this recent positive selection using a test based on extension of linkage disequilibrium (LD) to large distance at the specific selected haplotype taking data from HapMap phase II, and searched for association of the ancestral haplotypes with schizophrenia in a sample of 532 schizophrenic patients and 597 controls from Spain. Our analysis suggested the existence of a haplotype of MAOB subject to recent selection. In agreement with the ancestral susceptibility hypothesis, the ancestral haplotypes were significantly over-represented in patients (P = 0.047). These haplotypes conferred an increased risk to schizophrenia, restricted to males (P = 0.024, OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.01-1.90). Thus, pending on replication studies, MAOB seems to fit the ancestral susceptibility model, validating a new strategy to search for common schizophrenia susceptibility genes by focusing in those functional candidate genes subject to recent positive selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Carrera
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX), University of Santiago Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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15
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Li D, He L. Meta-study on association between the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) and schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B:174-8. [PMID: 17894408 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The human monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) has attracted considerable attention as a candidate gene for schizophrenia based both on its chromosomal position and its enzyme function as a key factor in neurotransmitter catabolism pathways. However studies to date have reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) and T941G polymorphisms and schizophrenia. In an attempt to clarify this inconsistency we conducted a meta-analysis based on both alleles and genotypes (up to February 2006). In this study, however, we found no significant evidence of association with the two schizophrenia susceptibility polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Bio-X Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Fathalli F, Rouleau GA, Xiong L, Tabbane K, Benkelfat C, Deguzman R, Zoltan D, Lal S, D'cruz S, Joober R. No association between the DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism and schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2008; 98:98-104. [PMID: 17698325 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 07/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between a Ser9Gly polymorphism of the dopamine D3 receptor gene (DRD3) and schizophrenia. METHODS 408 schizophrenic patients and 172 control subjects were compared with regard to their DRD3 Ser9Gly genotypic and allelic frequencies. In addition, we carried out a family-based association study including 183 pedigrees (472 subjects) using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). RESULTS No significant differences of genotype or homozygosity distribution were identified between patients and controls. When patients were stratified according to gender, response to treatment, age at onset, no significant differences were observed. Neither allele A (Ser), or G (Gly) were preferentially transmitted from parents to affected offspring. CONCLUSION The hypothesis that the DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism plays a predisposing role in schizophrenia is not supported by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferid Fathalli
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montréal University, Québec, Canada.
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17
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Li D, He L. Meta-analysis shows association between the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) gene and schizophrenia. Hum Genet 2006; 120:22-30. [PMID: 16741719 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-006-0190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have suggested an association between schizophrenia and the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) genes. On the other hand, several studies attempting to replicate these findings have produced mixed results, possibly reflecting inadequate statistical power of the individual studies as well as the heterogeneity inherent in schizophrenia. In an attempt to clarify this inconsistency our meta-analysis has combined all the studies using multiple research methods published up to February 2006 to give a comprehensive picture of the role of three hydroxylase-related genes. The TPH A218C/A779C (OR = 1.18, 95% C.I. 1.06-1.33, P = 0.004) revealed a significant association with schizophrenia. However, the evidence for the TH and phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) genes was weak. No publication bias was detected in current studies. The findings, which may implicate the involvement of TPH in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, have potentially important clinical, scientific and public health implications as well as providing a putative basis for the study of hydroxylase-related drugs. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis of association between the three genes and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Bio-X Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Hao Ran Building, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
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18
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Bakker PR, van Harten PN, van Os J. Antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia and the Ser9Gly polymorphism in the DRD3 gene: a meta analysis. Schizophr Res 2006; 83:185-92. [PMID: 16513329 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Revised: 01/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A polymorphic site in the gene encoding the dopamine 3 receptor (DRD3) resulting in a serine (Ser) into glycine (Gly) substitution has been shown to affect dopamine binding affinity, and may contribute to individual differences in susceptibility to antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia (TD). METHODS A Medline, EMBASE and PsychINFO search of literature published between 1976 and March 2005 yielded 11 studies from which data were extracted for calculation of pooled estimates using meta-analytic techniques. RESULTS The Gly allele increased the risk relative to the Ser allele (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.01-1.37) with evidence of publication bias. No significant genotype effects were apparent. CONCLUSIONS TD may be associated with functional variation in the DRD3 allele. However, caution is required in interpreting this finding, as there is evidence of publication bias, genetic methodology has shortcomings, and the relation between antipsychotics, schizophrenia and TD is complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Roberto Bakker
- Psychiatric Hospital Symfora Group, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
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