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Horwitz A, Levi-Carmel N, Shnaider O, Birk R. BBS genes are involved in accelerated proliferation and early differentiation of BBS-related tissues. Differentiation 2024; 135:100745. [PMID: 38215537 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2024.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an inherited disorder primarily ciliopathy with pleiotropic multi-systemic phenotypic involvement, including adipose, nerve, retinal, kidney, Etc. Consequently, it is characterized by obesity, cognitive impairment and retinal, kidney and cutaneous abnormalities. Initial studies, including ours have shown that BBS genes play a role in the early developmental stages of adipocytes and β-cells. However, this role in other BBS-related tissues is unknown. We investigated BBS genes involvement in the proliferation and early differentiation of different BBS cell types. The involvement of BBS genes in cellular proliferation were studied in seven in-vitro and transgenic cell models; keratinocytes (hHaCaT) and Ras-transfected keratinocytes (Ras-hHaCaT), neuronal cell lines (hSH-SY5Y and rPC-12), silenced BBS4 neural cell lines (siBbs4 hSH-SY5Y and siBbs4 rPC-12), adipocytes (m3T3L1), and ex-vivo transformed B-cells obtain from BBS4 patients, using molecular and biochemical methodologies. RashHaCaT cells showed an accelerated proliferation rate in parallel to significant reduction in the transcript levels of BBS1, 2, and 4. BBS1, 2, and 4 transcripts linked with hHaCaT cell cycle arrest (G1 phase) using both chemical (CDK4 inhibitor) and serum deprivation methodologies. Adipocyte (m3T3-L1) Bbs1, 2 and 4 transcript levels corresponded to the cell cycle phase (CDK4 inhibitor and serum deprivation). SiBBS4 hSH-SY5Y cells exhibited early cell proliferation and differentiation (wound healing assay) rates. SiBbs4 rPC-12 models exhibited significant proliferation and differentiation rate corresponding to Nestin expression levels. BBS4 patients-transformed B-cells exhibited an accelerated proliferation rate (LPS-induced methodology). In conclusions, the BBS4 gene plays a significant, similar and global role in the cellular proliferation of various BBS related tissues. These results highlight the universal role of the BBS gene in the cell cycle, and further deepen the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the development of BBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Horwitz
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Israel
| | | | - Olga Shnaider
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Ruth Birk
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Israel.
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhou X. Non-classical functions of nuclear pore proteins in ciliopathy. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1278976. [PMID: 37908226 PMCID: PMC10614291 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1278976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoporins (NUPs) constitute integral nuclear pore protein (NPC) elements. Although traditional NUP functions have been extensively researched, evidence of additional vital non-NPC roles, referred to herein as non-classical NUP functions, is also emerging. Several NUPs localise at the ciliary base. Indeed, Nup188, Nup93 or Nup205 knockdown results in cilia loss, impacting cardiac left-right patterning in models and cell lines. Genetic variants of Nup205 and Nup188 have been identified in patients with congenital heart disease and situs inversus totalis or heterotaxy, a prevalent human ciliopathy. These findings link non-classical NUP functions to human diseases. This mini-review summarises pivotal NUP interactions with NIMA-related kinases or nephronophthisis proteins that regulate ciliary function and explores other NUPs potentially implicated in cilia-related disorders. Overall, elucidating the non-classical roles of NUPs will enhance comprehension of ciliopathy aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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Adipose tissue function and insulin sensitivity in syndromic obesity of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:382-390. [PMID: 36807608 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive syndromic obesity of childhood onset among many other features. To date, the excess risk of metabolic complications of severe early-onset obesity in BBS remains controversial. In-depth investigation of adipose tissue structure and function with detailed metabolic phenotype has not been investigated yet. OBJECTIVE To investigate adipose tissue function in BBS. DESIGN A prospective cross-sectional study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE To determine if there are differences in insulin resistance, metabolic profile, adipose tissue function and gene expression in patients with BBS compared to BMI-matched polygenic obese controls. METHOD 9 adults with BBS and 10 controls were recruited from the national centre for BBS, Birmingham, UK. An in-depth study of adipose tissue structure and function along with insulin sensitivity was performed using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies, adipose tissue microdialysis, histology and RNA sequencing, and measurement of circulating adipokines and inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS Adipose tissue structure, gene expression and in vivo functional analysis between BBS and polygenic obesity cohorts were similar. Using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and surrogate markers of insulin resistance, we found no significant differences in insulin sensitivity between BBS and obese controls. Furthermore, no significant changes were noted in an array of adipokines, cytokines, pro-inflammatory markers and adipose tissue RNA transcriptomic. CONCLUSION Although childhood-onset extreme obesity is a feature of BBS, detailed studies of insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue structure and function are similar to common polygenic obesity. This study adds to the literature by suggesting that it is the quality and quantity of adiposity not the duration that drives the metabolic phenotype.
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Yu H, Shi X, Shao Z, Geng H, Guo S, Li K, Gu M, Xu C, Gao Y, Tan Q, Duan Z, Wu H, Hua R, Guo R, Wei Z, Zhou P, Cao Y, He X, Li L, Zhang X, Lv M. Novel HYDIN variants associated with male infertility in two Chinese families. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1118841. [PMID: 36742411 PMCID: PMC9889981 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1118841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infertility is a major disease affecting human life and health, among which male factors account for about half. Asthenoteratozoospermia accounts for the majority of male infertility. High-throughput sequencing techniques have identified numerous variants in genes responsible for asthenoteratozoospermia; however, its etiology still needs to be studied. METHOD In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing on samples from 375 patients with asthenoteratozoospermia and identified two HYDIN compound heterozygous variants, a primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD)-associated gene, in two unrelated subjects. H&E staining, SEM were employed to analyze the varies on sperm of patients, further, TEM was employed to determine the ultrastructure defects. And westernblot and immunostaining were chose to evaluate the variation of structural protein. ICSI was applied to assist the mutational patient to achieve offspring. RESULT We identified two HYDIN compound heterozygous variants. Patient AY078 had novel compound heterozygous splice variants (c.5969-2A>G, c.6316+1G>A), altering the consensus splice acceptor site of HYDIN. He was diagnosed with male infertility and PCD, presenting with decreased sperm progressive motility and morphological abnormalities, and bronchial dilatation in the inferior lobe. Compared to the fertile control, HYDIN levels, acrosome and centrosome markers (ACTL7A, ACROSIN, PLCζ1, and Centrin1), and flagella components (TOMM20, SEPT4, SPEF2, SPAG6, and RSPHs) were significantly reduced in HYDIN-deficient patients. Using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), the patient successfully achieved clinical pregnancy. AY079 had deleterious compound heterozygous missense variants, c.9507C>G (p. Asn3169Lys) and c.14081G>A (p. Arg4694His), presenting with infertility; however, semen samples and PCD examination were unavailable. DISCUSSION Our findings provide the first evidence that the loss of HYDIN function causes asthenoteratozoospermia presenting with various defects in the flagella structure and the disassembly of the acrosome and neck. Additionally, ICSI could rescue this failure of insemination caused by immobile and malformed sperm induced by HYDIN deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongmei Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Geng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Senzhao Guo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kuokuo Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Gu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Tan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Human Sperm Bank, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongliu Duan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Hua
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Guo
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaolian Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojin He
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China
| | - Mingrong Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Mingrong Lv,
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Arora E, Fuks A, Meyer J, Chervenak J. Prenatal diagnosis of Bardet Biedl Syndrome: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2023; 18:326-330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Solarat C, Valverde D. Clinical and molecular diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). Methods Cell Biol 2023; 176:125-137. [PMID: 37164534 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare genetic disease of the group of ciliopathies, a group of pathologies characterized mainly by defects in the structure and/or function of primary cilia. The main features of this ciliopathy are retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, urogenital and renal abnormalities, and cognitive impairment, commonly accompanied by various secondary features, making clear the extensive clinical heterogeneity associated with this syndrome, which, together with the frequent overlapping phenotype with other ciliopathies, greatly complicates its diagnosis. Patients are mainly detected by their pediatrician at quite early ages, usually between 2 and 6years. The pediatrician, given the main symptoms they present, usually refers patients to a specialist. Personalized medicine brought diagnosis closer to many patients who lacked it. It usually presents an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, but in recent years several authors have proposed more complex inheritance models to explain the frequent inter- and intra-familial clinical variability. The main molecular techniques used for diagnosis are gene panels, the clinical exome and, in certain cases, the patient's complete genome. Although numerous studies have contributed to defining the role of the different BBS genes and designing various strategies for the molecular diagnosis of BBS, as well as delving into the functions performed by these proteins, these advances have not been sufficient to develop a complete treatment for this syndrome. and to be able to offer patients some therapeutic options.
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Chen J, Liu F, Tian J, Xiang M. Laparoscopic bladder diverticulectomy in a child with situs inversus totalis: A case report and literature review. Front Surg 2022; 9:1009949. [PMID: 36311920 PMCID: PMC9614072 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1009949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare internal laterality disorder characterized by the mirror arrangement of organs. Multiple gene mutations and maternal environmental factors are thought to cause this variation. It is usually challenging to perform laparoscopic surgery in these cases. Bladder diverticulum is uncommon in children, with an incidence of 1.7%. We report a 14-year-old male patient who was admitted to our department because of lower abdominal pain and frequent urination. A series of examinations confirmed the rare combination of giant bladder diverticulum and SIT. After extensive preoperative discussion, we performed laparoscopic bladder diverticulectomy. The operation was successful. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of successful laparoscopic bladder surgery on a case of SIT. This article summarizes the key technical points and the difficulties of performing this kind of operation. In addition, during the process of reviewing the literature, we found that SIT often coexists with some high-risk factors for bladder diverticulum in some rare syndromes. It is helpful to further understand and provide experience in the diagnosis and treatment of the rare combination of bladder diverticulum and SIT in children.
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Fabregat M, Niño-Rivero S, Pose S, Cárdenas-Rodríguez M, Bresque M, Hernández K, Prieto-Echagüe V, Schlapp G, Crispo M, Lagos P, Lago N, Escande C, Irigoín F, Badano JL. Generation and characterization of Ccdc28b mutant mice links the Bardet-Biedl associated gene with mild social behavioral phenotypes. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009896. [PMID: 35653384 PMCID: PMC9197067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CCDC28B (coiled-coil domain-containing protein 28B) was identified as a modifier in the ciliopathy Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). Our previous work in cells and zebrafish showed that CCDC28B plays a role regulating cilia length in a mechanism that is not completely understood. Here we report the generation of a Ccdc28b mutant mouse using CRISPR/Cas9 (Ccdc28b mut). Depletion of CCDC28B resulted in a mild phenotype. Ccdc28b mut animals i) do not present clear structural cilia affectation, although we did observe mild defects in cilia density and cilia length in some tissues, ii) reproduce normally, and iii) do not develop retinal degeneration or obesity, two hallmark features of reported BBS murine models. In contrast, Ccdc28b mut mice did show clear social interaction defects as well as stereotypical behaviors. This finding is indeed relevant regarding CCDC28B as a modifier of BBS since behavioral phenotypes have been documented in BBS. Overall, this work reports a novel mouse model that will be key to continue evaluating genetic interactions in BBS, deciphering the contribution of CCDC28B to modulate the presentation of BBS phenotypes. In addition, our data underscores a novel link between CCDC28B and behavioral defects, providing a novel opportunity to further our understanding of the genetic, cellular, and molecular basis of these complex phenotypes. BBS is caused by mutations in any one of 22 genes known to date. In some families, BBS can be inherited as an oligogenic trait whereby mutations in more than one BBS gene collaborate in the presentation of the syndrome. In addition, CCDC28B was originally identified as a modifier of BBS, whereby a reduction in CCDC28B levels was associated with a more severe presentation of the syndrome. Different mechanisms, all relying on functional redundancy, have been proposed to explain these genetic interactions. The characterization of BBS proteins supported this functional redundancy hypothesis: BBS proteins play a role in cilia maintenance/function and subsets of BBS proteins can even interact directly in multiprotein complexes. We have previously shown that CCDC28B also participates in cilia biology regulating the length of the organelle: knockdown of CCDC28B in cells results in cilia shortening and targeting ccdc28b in zebrafish also results in early embryonic phenotypes characteristic of other cilia mutants. In this work, we generated a Ccdc28b mutant mouse to determine whether abrogating Ccdc28b function would be sufficient to cause a ciliopathy phenotype in mammals, and to generate a tool to continue dissecting its modifying role in the context of BBS. Overall, Ccdc28b mutant mice presented a mild phenotype, a finding fully compatible with its role as a modifier, rather than a causal BBS gene. In addition, we found that Ccdc28b mutants showed behavioral phenotypes, similar to the deficits observed in rodent autism spectrum disorder (ASD) models. Thus, our results underscore a novel causal link between CCDC28B and behavioral phenotypes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Fabregat
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Niño-Rivero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sabrina Pose
- Neuroinflammation and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Magdalena Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Bresque
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Metabolic Diseases and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Karina Hernández
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Victoria Prieto-Echagüe
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Geraldine Schlapp
- Laboratory Animal Biotechnology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martina Crispo
- Laboratory Animal Biotechnology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Lagos
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Lago
- Neuroinflammation and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Escande
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Metabolic Diseases and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Irigoín
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- * E-mail: (FI); (JLB)
| | - Jose L. Badano
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- * E-mail: (FI); (JLB)
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Gupta N, D'Acierno M, Zona E, Capasso G, Zacchia M. Bardet-Biedl syndrome: The pleiotropic role of the chaperonin-like BBS6, 10, and 12 proteins. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:9-19. [PMID: 35373910 PMCID: PMC9325507 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare pleiotropic disorder known as a ciliopathy. Despite significant genetic heterogeneity, BBS1 and BBS10 are responsible for major diagnosis in western countries. It is well established that eight BBS proteins, namely BBS1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 18, form the BBSome, a multiprotein complex serving as a regulator of ciliary membrane protein composition. Less information is available for BBS6, BBS10, and BBS12, three proteins showing sequence homology with the CCT/TRiC family of group II chaperonins. Even though their chaperonin function is debated, scientific evidence demonstrated that they are required for initial BBSome assembly in vitro. Recent studies suggest that genotype may partially predict clinical outcomes. Indeed, patients carrying truncating mutations in any gene show the most severe phenotype; moreover, mutations in chaperonin‐like BBS proteins correlated with severe kidney impairment. This study is a critical review of the literature on genetics, expression level, cellular localization and function of BBS proteins, focusing primarily on the chaperonin‐like BBS proteins, and aiming to provide some clues to understand the pathomechanisms of disease in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Unit of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.,BioGem S.C.A.R.L., Benevento, Benevento Province, Italy
| | - Mariavittoria D'Acierno
- Unit of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.,BioGem S.C.A.R.L., Benevento, Benevento Province, Italy
| | - Enrica Zona
- Unit of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Miriam Zacchia
- Unit of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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10
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Thomas DC, Moorthy JD, Prabhakar V, Ajayakumar A, Pitchumani PK. Role of primary cilia and Hedgehog signaling in craniofacial features of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:36-46. [PMID: 35393766 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EvC) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder involving pathogenic variants of EVC and EVC2 genes and classified as a ciliopathy. The syndrome is caused by mutations in the EVC gene on chromosome 4p16, and EVC2 gene, located close to the EVC gene, in a head-to-head configuration. Regardless of the affliction of EVC or EVC2, the clinical features of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome are similar. Both these genes are expressed in tissues such as, but not limited to, the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and placenta, while the predominant expression in the craniofacial tissues is that of EVC2. Biallelic mutations of EVC and EVC2 affect Hedgehog signaling and thereby ciliary function, crucial factors in vertebrate development, culminating in the phenotypical features characteristic of EvC. The clinical features of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome are consistent with significant abnormalities in morphogenesis and differentiation of the affected tissues. The robust role of primary cilia in histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation of oral, perioral, and craniofacial tissues is becoming more evident in the most recent literature. In this review, we give a summary of the mechanistic role of primary cilia in craniofacial development, taking Ellis-van Creveld syndrome as a representative example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis C Thomas
- Center for TMD and Orofacial Pain, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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11
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Bardet-Biedl Syndrome-Multiple Kaleidoscope Images: Insight into Mechanisms of Genotype-Phenotype Correlations. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091353. [PMID: 34573333 PMCID: PMC8465569 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome is a rare non-motile primary ciliopathy with multisystem involvement and autosomal recessive inheritance. The clinical picture is extremely polymorphic. The main clinical features are retinal cone-rod dystrophy, central obesity, postaxial polydactyly, cognitive impairment, hypogonadism and genitourinary abnormalities, and kidney disease. It is caused by various types of mutations, mainly in genes encoding BBSome proteins, chaperonins, and IFT complex. Variable expressivity and pleiotropy are correlated with the existence of multiple genes and variants modifiers. This review is focused on the phenomena of heterogeneity (locus, allelic, mutational, and clinical) in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, its mechanisms, and importance in early diagnosis and proper management.
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12
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Focșa IO, Budișteanu M, Bălgrădean M. Clinical and genetic heterogeneity of primary ciliopathies (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:176. [PMID: 34278440 PMCID: PMC8354309 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies comprise a group of complex disorders, with involvement of the majority of organs and systems. In total, >180 causal genes have been identified and, in addition to Mendelian inheritance, oligogenicity, genetic modifications, epistatic interactions and retrotransposon insertions have all been described when defining the ciliopathic phenotype. It is remarkable how the structural and functional impairment of a single, minuscule organelle may lead to the pathogenesis of highly pleiotropic diseases. Thus, combined efforts have been made to identify the genetic substratum and to determine the pathophysiological mechanism underlying the clinical presentation, in order to diagnose and classify ciliopathies. Yet, predicting the phenotype, given the intricacy of the genetic cause and overlapping clinical characteristics, represents a major challenge. In the future, advances in proteomics, cell biology and model organisms may provide new insights that could remodel the field of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Ofelia Focșa
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Carol Davila', 021901 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Magdalena Budișteanu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, 'Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia' Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Bălgrădean
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Nephrology, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children 'Maria Skłodowska Curie', 077120 Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Ng XW, Chung YH, Piston DW. Intercellular Communication in the Islet of Langerhans in Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:2191-2225. [PMID: 34190340 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Blood glucose homeostasis requires proper function of pancreatic islets, which secrete insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin from the β-, α-, and δ-cells, respectively. Each islet cell type is equipped with intrinsic mechanisms for glucose sensing and secretory actions, but these intrinsic mechanisms alone cannot explain the observed secretory profiles from intact islets. Regulation of secretion involves interconnected mechanisms among and between islet cell types. Islet cells lose their normal functional signatures and secretory behaviors upon dispersal as compared to intact islets and in vivo. In dispersed islet cells, the glucose response of insulin secretion is attenuated from that seen from whole islets, coordinated oscillations in membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ activity, as well as the two-phase insulin secretion profile, are missing, and glucagon secretion displays higher basal secretion profile and a reverse glucose-dependent response from that of intact islets. These observations highlight the critical roles of intercellular communication within the pancreatic islet, and how these communication pathways are crucial for proper hormonal and nonhormonal secretion and glucose homeostasis. Further, misregulated secretions of islet secretory products that arise from defective intercellular islet communication are implicated in diabetes. Intercellular communication within the islet environment comprises multiple mechanisms, including electrical synapses from gap junctional coupling, paracrine interactions among neighboring cells, and direct cell-to-cell contacts in the form of juxtacrine signaling. In this article, we describe the various mechanisms that contribute to proper islet function for each islet cell type and how intercellular islet communications are coordinated among the same and different islet cell types. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:2191-2225, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue W Ng
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yong H Chung
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David W Piston
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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14
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Xie C, Martens JR. Potential Therapeutic Targets for Olfactory Dysfunction in Ciliopathies Beyond Single-Gene Replacement. Chem Senses 2021; 46:6159785. [PMID: 33690843 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is a common disorder in the general population. There are multiple causes, one of which being ciliopathies, an emerging class of human hereditary genetic disorders characterized by multiple symptoms due to defects in ciliary biogenesis, maintenance, and/or function. Mutations/deletions in a wide spectrum of ciliary genes have been identified to cause ciliopathies. Currently, besides symptomatic therapy, there is no available therapeutic treatment option for olfactory dysfunction caused by ciliopathies. Multiple studies have demonstrated that targeted gene replacement can restore the morphology and function of olfactory cilia in olfactory sensory neurons and further re-establish the odor-guided behaviors in animals. Therefore, targeted gene replacement could be potentially used to treat olfactory dysfunction in ciliopathies. However, due to the potential limitations of single-gene therapy for polygenic mutation-induced diseases, alternative therapeutic targets for broader curative measures need to be developed for olfactory dysfunction, and also for other symptoms in ciliopathies. Here we review the current understanding of ciliogenesis and maintenance of olfactory cilia. Furthermore, we emphasize signaling mechanisms that may be involved in the regulation of olfactory ciliary length and highlight potential alternative therapeutic targets for the treatment of ciliopathy-induced dysfunction in the olfactory system and even in other ciliated organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1149 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1149 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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15
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Yang Q, Zhang Q, Chen F, Yi S, Li M, Yi S, Xu X, Luo J. A novel combination of biallelic IFT122 variants associated with cranioectodermal dysplasia: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:311. [PMID: 33717254 PMCID: PMC7885081 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED) or Sensenbrenner syndrome is a very rare autosomal-recessive disease that is characterized by craniofacial, skeletal and ectodermal abnormalities. The proteins encoded by six CED-associated genes are members of the intraflagelline transport (IFT) system, which serves an essential role in the assembly, maintenance and function of primary cilia. The current study identified compound novel heterozygous IFT122 (NM_052985.3) variants in a male Chinese infant with CED. The latter variant changes the length of the protein and may result in the partial loss-of-function of IFT122. With the simultaneous presence of frameshift and stop-loss variants, the patient manifested typical CED with fine and sparse hair, macrocephaly, dysmorphic facial features and upper limb phocomelia. A number of unusual phenotypic characteristics were additionally observed and included postaxial polydactyly of both hands and feet. The molecular confirmation of CED in this patient expands the CED-associated variant spectrum of IFT122 in CED, while the manifestation of CED in this patient provides additional clinical information regarding this syndrome. Moreover, the two variants identified in the proband provide a novel perspective into the phenotypes caused by different combinations of variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Shang Yi
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Yi
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Xingmin Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, P.R. China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
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16
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Maerz LD, Burkhalter MD, Schilpp C, Wittekindt OH, Frick M, Philipp M. Pharmacological cholesterol depletion disturbs ciliogenesis and ciliary function in developing zebrafish. Commun Biol 2019; 2:31. [PMID: 30729178 PMCID: PMC6351647 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with an inherited inability to synthesize sufficient amounts of cholesterol develop congenital malformations of the skull, toes, kidney and heart. As development of these structures depends on functional cilia we investigated whether cholesterol regulates ciliogenesis through inhibition of hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA-R), the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. HMG-CoA-R is efficiently inhibited by statins, a standard medication for hyperlipidemia. When zebrafish embryos are treated with statins cilia dysfunction phenotypes including heart defects, left-right asymmetry defects and malformation of ciliated organs develop, which are ameliorated by cholesterol replenishment. HMG-CoA-R inhibition and other means of cholesterol reduction lowered ciliation frequency and cilia length in zebrafish as well as several mammalian cell types. Cholesterol depletion further triggers an inability for ciliary signalling. Because of a reduction of the transition zone component Pi(4,5)P2 we propose that cholesterol governs crucial steps of cilium extension. Taken together, we report that cholesterol abrogation provokes cilia defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars D. Maerz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin D. Burkhalter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Carolin Schilpp
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver H. Wittekindt
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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17
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Ladino LY, Galvis J, Yasnó D, Ramírez A, Beltrán OI. A pathogenic homozygous variant of the BBS10 gene in a patient with Bardet Biedl syndrome. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2018; 38:308-320. [PMID: 30335236 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v38i4.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder with vast locus heterogeneity that belongs to the so-called ciliopathies, whose proteins are localized in the primary cilia and present functional deficiency. The multisystemic features of the disease include ocular, renal, cognitive, skeletal, as well as gonadal involvement and obesity, among others, with high inter- and intrafamilial variability. We describe the clinical case of an adolescent male patient with Bardet-Biedl syndrome, including the approach, the results from a 22-gene sequencing panel, and the analysis of updated scientific literature. We collected the clinical data of the patient and, after obtaining the informed consent, we conducted a multigenic sequencing panel oriented to known implicated genes. The patient was born to consanguineous parents and was the first affected member of the family. He presented with postaxial polydactyly, obesity, micropenis, retinitis pigmentosa, and learning disability. The multigenic panel allowed the identification of the homozygous pathogenic variant c.39_46del in the BBS10 gene and in other BBS genes variants associated with obesity. As the Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a rare disease, it is challenging to interpret its pleiotropism and gene/allelic heterogeneity. Its confirmation by molecular tests allows an adequate approach, follow-up, and genetic counseling of the patient and the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Yaqueline Ladino
- Departamento de Genética, Grupo de Investigación GenHOMI, Fundación Hospital Pediátrico La Misericordia-HOMI, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia Maestría en Genética Humana, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
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18
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Kempeneers C, Chilvers MA. To beat, or not to beat, that is question! The spectrum of ciliopathies. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:1122-1129. [PMID: 29938933 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are widely distributed throughout the human body, and have numerous roles in physiology, development, and disease. Ciliary ultrastructure is complex, consisting of nine parallel microtubules doublets, with or without motor dynein arms and a central pair of microtubules. Classification of cilia has evolved over time, and currently, four main classes are described: motile and non-motile cilia with a "9 + 2" structure, and motile and non-motile cilia with a "9 + 0" structure, which depend on the presence or absence of dynein arms and a central pair. Ciliopathies are inherited multisystem disorders of cilia, and may present with a varied spectrum of genotypes and phenotypes. Motor and sensory ciliopathies were historically considered as distinct dysfunctions of motile and non-motile cilia, but recent data indicate that the classical features of motor and sensory cilia may overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Kempeneers
- Pediatric Respirology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mark A Chilvers
- Division of Respirology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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19
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Chekuri A, Guru AA, Biswas P, Branham K, Borooah S, Soto-Hermida A, Hicks M, Khan NW, Matsui H, Alapati A, Raghavendra PB, Roosing S, Sarangapani S, Mathavan S, Telenti A, Heckenlively JR, Riazuddin SA, Frazer KA, Sieving PA, Ayyagari R. IFT88 mutations identified in individuals with non-syndromic recessive retinal degeneration result in abnormal ciliogenesis. Hum Genet 2018; 137:447-458. [PMID: 29978320 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1897-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to identify the variants responsible for inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) in a Caucasian family. Segregation analysis of selected rare variants with pathogenic potential identified a set of compound heterozygous changes p.Arg266*:c.796C>T and p.Ala568Thr:c.1702G>A in the intraflagellar transport protein-88 (IFT88) gene segregating with IRD. Expression of IFT88 with the p.Arg266* and p.Ala568Thr mutations in mIMDC3 cells by transient transfection and in HeLa cells by introducing the mutations using CRISPR-cas9 system suggested that both mutations result in the formation of abnormal ciliary structures. The introduction of the IFT88 p.Arg266* variant in the homozygous state in HeLa cells by CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing revealed that the mutant transcript undergoes nonsense-mediated decay leading to a significant depletion of IFT88 transcript. Additionally, abnormal ciliogenesis was observed in these cells. These observations suggest that the rare and unique combination of IFT88 alleles observed in this study provide insight into the physiological role of IFT88 in humans and the likely mechanism underlying retinal pathology in the pedigree with IRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Chekuri
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, JRC 206, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Aditya A Guru
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, JRC 206, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Pooja Biswas
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, JRC 206, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,School of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kari Branham
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shyamanga Borooah
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, JRC 206, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Angel Soto-Hermida
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, JRC 206, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Naheed W Khan
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hiroko Matsui
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Akhila Alapati
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, JRC 206, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Pongali B Raghavendra
- School of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University-MAHE, Bangalore, India
| | - Susanne Roosing
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - John R Heckenlively
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Amer Riazuddin
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Genome Information Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Sieving
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Radha Ayyagari
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, JRC 206, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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20
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Hua K, Ferland RJ. Primary cilia proteins: ciliary and extraciliary sites and functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1521-1540. [PMID: 29305615 PMCID: PMC5899021 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are immotile organelles known for their roles in development and cell signaling. Defects in primary cilia result in a range of disorders named ciliopathies. Because this organelle can be found singularly on almost all cell types, its importance extends to most organ systems. As such, elucidating the importance of the primary cilium has attracted researchers from all biological disciplines. As the primary cilia field expands, caution is warranted in attributing biological defects solely to the function of this organelle, since many of these "ciliary" proteins are found at other sites in cells and likely have non-ciliary functions. Indeed, many, if not all, cilia proteins have locations and functions outside the primary cilium. Extraciliary functions are known to include cell cycle regulation, cytoskeletal regulation, and trafficking. Cilia proteins have been observed in the nucleus, at the Golgi apparatus, and even in immune synapses of T cells (interestingly, a non-ciliated cell). Given the abundance of extraciliary sites and functions, it can be difficult to definitively attribute an observed phenotype solely to defective cilia rather than to some defective extraciliary function or a combination of both. Thus, extraciliary sites and functions of cilia proteins need to be considered, as well as experimentally determined. Through such consideration, we will understand the true role of the primary cilium in disease as compared to other cellular processes' influences in mediating disease (or through a combination of both). Here, we review a compilation of known extraciliary sites and functions of "cilia" proteins as a means to demonstrate the potential non-ciliary roles for these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiet Hua
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| | - Russell J Ferland
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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21
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Kinesin 1 regulates cilia length through an interaction with the Bardet-Biedl syndrome related protein CCDC28B. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3019. [PMID: 29445114 PMCID: PMC5813027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy characterized by retinal degeneration, obesity, polydactyly, renal disease and mental retardation. CCDC28B is a BBS-associated protein that we have previously shown plays a role in cilia length regulation whereby its depletion results in shortened cilia both in cells and Danio rerio (zebrafish). At least part of that role is achieved by its interaction with the mTORC2 component SIN1, but the mechanistic details of this interaction and/or additional functions that CCDC28B might play in the context of cilia remain poorly understood. Here we uncover a novel interaction between CCDC28B and the kinesin 1 molecular motor that is relevant to cilia. CCDC28B interacts with kinesin light chain 1 (KLC1) and the heavy chain KIF5B. Notably, depletion of these kinesin 1 components results in abnormally elongated cilia. Furthermore, through genetic interaction studies we demonstrate that kinesin 1 regulates ciliogenesis through CCDC28B. We show that kinesin 1 regulates the subcellular distribution of CCDC28B, unexpectedly, inhibiting its nuclear accumulation, and a ccdc28b mutant missing a nuclear localization motif fails to rescue the phenotype in zebrafish morphant embryos. Therefore, we uncover a previously unknown role of kinesin 1 in cilia length regulation that relies on the BBS related protein CCDC28B.
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22
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Prieto-Echagüe V, Lodh S, Colman L, Bobba N, Santos L, Katsanis N, Escande C, Zaghloul NA, Badano JL. BBS4 regulates the expression and secretion of FSTL1, a protein that participates in ciliogenesis and the differentiation of 3T3-L1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9765. [PMID: 28852127 PMCID: PMC5575278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a model ciliopathy. Although the characterization of BBS proteins has evidenced their involvement in cilia, extraciliary functions for some of these proteins are also being recognized. Importantly, understanding both cilia and cilia-independent functions of the BBS proteins is key to fully dissect the cellular basis of the syndrome. Here we characterize a functional interaction between BBS4 and the secreted protein FSTL1, a protein linked to adipogenesis and inflammation among other functions. We show that BBS4 and cilia regulate FSTL1 mRNA levels, but BBS4 also modulates FSTL1 secretion. Moreover, we show that FSTL1 is a novel regulator of ciliogenesis thus underscoring a regulatory loop between FSTL1 and cilia. Finally, our data indicate that BBS4, cilia and FSTL1 are coordinated during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and that FSTL1 plays a role in this process, at least in part, by modulating ciliogenesis. Therefore, our findings are relevant to fully understand the development of BBS-associated phenotypes such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Prieto-Echagüe
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay.,INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay
| | - Sukanya Lodh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Laura Colman
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay.,Metabolic Diseases and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Bobba
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay.,Metabolic Diseases and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay
| | - Leonardo Santos
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay.,Metabolic Diseases and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Carlos Escande
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay.,Metabolic Diseases and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay
| | - Norann A Zaghloul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jose L Badano
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay. .,INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay.
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23
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A novel BBS10 mutation identified in a patient with Bardet-Biedl syndrome with a violent emotional outbreak. Hum Genome Var 2017; 4:17033. [PMID: 28808579 PMCID: PMC5550758 DOI: 10.1038/hgv.2017.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 10-year-old girl with Bardet–Biedl syndrome caused by a novel mutation in the Bardet–Biedl syndrome 10 (BBS10) gene. She had multiple malformations, including a dysmorphic face, postaxial polydactyly, polycystic kidney and amblyopia. She presented with typical BBS features, including intellectual disability with emotional outbursts and mild obesity. Whole-exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous mutations with NM_024685.3:c.1677C>A [p.(Tyr559*)] and c.1974T>G [p.(Tyr658*)]. To our knowledge, the latter mutation has never been reported previously.
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24
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Álvarez-Satta M, Castro-Sánchez S, Valverde D. Bardet-Biedl Syndrome as a Chaperonopathy: Dissecting the Major Role of Chaperonin-Like BBS Proteins (BBS6-BBS10-BBS12). Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:55. [PMID: 28824921 PMCID: PMC5534436 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare genetic disorder that belongs to the group of ciliopathies, defined as diseases caused by defects in cilia structure and/or function. The six diagnostic features considered for this syndrome include retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, cognitive impairment and renal and urogenital anomalies. Furthermore, three of the 21 genes currently known to be involved in BBS encode chaperonin-like proteins (MKKS/BBS6, BBS10, and BBS12), so BBS can be also considered a member of the growing group of chaperonopathies. Remarkably, up to 50% of clinically-diagnosed BBS families can harbor disease-causing variants in these three genes, which highlights the importance of chaperone defects as pathogenic factors even for genetically heterogeneous syndromes such as BBS. In addition, it is interesting to note that BBS families with deleterious variants in MKKS/BBS6, BBS10 or BBS12 genes generally display more severe phenotypes than families with changes in other BBS genes. The chaperonin-like BBS proteins have structural homology to the CCT family of group II chaperonins, although they are believed to conserve neither the ATP-dependent folding activity of canonical CCT chaperonins nor the ability to form CCT-like oligomeric complexes. Thus, they play an important role in the initial steps of assembly of the BBSome, which is a multiprotein complex essential for mediating the ciliary trafficking activity. In this review, we present a comprehensive review of those genetic, functional and evolutionary aspects concerning chaperonin-like BBS proteins, trying to provide a new perspective that expands the classical conception of BBS only from a ciliary point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Álvarez-Satta
- Grupo de Biomarcadores Moleculares, Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de VigoVigo, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGOVigo, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia 2016-2019), Universidad de VigoVigo, Spain
| | - Sheila Castro-Sánchez
- Grupo de Biomarcadores Moleculares, Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de VigoVigo, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGOVigo, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia 2016-2019), Universidad de VigoVigo, Spain
| | - Diana Valverde
- Grupo de Biomarcadores Moleculares, Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de VigoVigo, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGOVigo, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia 2016-2019), Universidad de VigoVigo, Spain
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25
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Lobo GP, Fulmer D, Guo L, Zuo X, Dang Y, Kim SH, Su Y, George K, Obert E, Fogelgren B, Nihalani D, Norris RA, Rohrer B, Lipschutz JH. The exocyst is required for photoreceptor ciliogenesis and retinal development. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14814-14826. [PMID: 28729419 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.795674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously have shown that the highly conserved eight-protein exocyst trafficking complex is required for ciliogenesis in kidney tubule cells. We hypothesized here that ciliogenic programs are conserved across organs and species. To determine whether renal primary ciliogenic programs are conserved in the eye, and to characterize the function and mechanisms by which the exocyst regulates eye development in zebrafish, we focused on exoc5, a central component of the exocyst complex, by analyzing both exoc5 zebrafish mutants, and photoreceptor-specific Exoc5 knock-out mice. Two separate exoc5 mutant zebrafish lines phenocopied exoc5 morphants and, strikingly, exhibited a virtual absence of photoreceptors, along with abnormal retinal development and cell death. Because the zebrafish mutant was a global knockout, we also observed defects in several ciliated organs, including the brain (hydrocephalus), heart (cardiac edema), and kidney (disordered and shorter cilia). exoc5 knockout increased phosphorylation of the regulatory protein Mob1, consistent with Hippo pathway activation. exoc5 mutant zebrafish rescue with human EXOC5 mRNA completely reversed the mutant phenotype. We accomplished photoreceptor-specific knockout of Exoc5 with our Exoc5 fl/fl mouse line crossed with a rhodopsin-Cre driver line. In Exoc5 photoreceptor-specific knock-out mice, the photoreceptor outer segment structure was severely impaired at 4 weeks of age, although a full-field electroretinogram indicated a visual response was still present. However, by 6 weeks, visual responses were eliminated. In summary, we show that ciliogenesis programs are conserved in the kidneys and eyes of zebrafish and mice and that the exocyst is necessary for photoreceptor ciliogenesis and retinal development, most likely by trafficking cilia and outer-segment proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn P Lobo
- From the Departments of Medicine.,Ophthalmology, and
| | - Diana Fulmer
- From the Departments of Medicine.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Lilong Guo
- From the Departments of Medicine.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ben Fogelgren
- the Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
| | | | - Russell A Norris
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Bärbel Rohrer
- Ophthalmology, and.,the Division of Research, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401, and
| | - Joshua H Lipschutz
- From the Departments of Medicine, .,the Department of Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
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26
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Ivanova AA, Caspary T, Seyfried NT, Duong DM, West AB, Liu Z, Kahn RA. Biochemical characterization of purified mammalian ARL13B protein indicates that it is an atypical GTPase and ARL3 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11091-11108. [PMID: 28487361 PMCID: PMC5491791 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.784025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia play central roles in signaling during metazoan development. Several key regulators of ciliogenesis and ciliary signaling are mutated in humans, resulting in a number of ciliopathies, including Joubert syndrome (JS). ARL13B is a ciliary GTPase with at least three missense mutations identified in JS patients. ARL13B is a member of the ADP ribosylation factor family of regulatory GTPases, but is atypical in having a non-homologous, C-terminal domain of ∼20 kDa and at least one key residue difference in the consensus GTP-binding motifs. For these reasons, and to establish a solid biochemical basis on which to begin to model its actions in cells and animals, we developed preparations of purified, recombinant, murine Arl13b protein. We report results from assays for solution-based nucleotide binding, intrinsic and GTPase-activating protein-stimulated GTPase, and ARL3 guanine nucleotide exchange factor activities. Biochemical analyses of three human missense mutations found in JS and of two consensus GTPase motifs reinforce the atypical properties of this regulatory GTPase. We also discovered that murine Arl13b is a substrate for casein kinase 2, a contaminant in our preparation from human embryonic kidney cells. This activity, and the ability of casein kinase 2 to use GTP as a phosphate donor, may be a source of differences between our data and previously published results. These results provide a solid framework for further research into ARL13B on which to develop models for the actions of this clinically important cell regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamara Caspary
- Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 and
| | | | | | - Andrew B West
- the Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- the Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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27
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Evans CM, Fingerlin TE, Schwarz MI, Lynch D, Kurche J, Warg L, Yang IV, Schwartz DA. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Genetic Disease That Involves Mucociliary Dysfunction of the Peripheral Airways. Physiol Rev 2017; 96:1567-91. [PMID: 27630174 PMCID: PMC5243224 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an incurable complex genetic disorder that is associated with sequence changes in 7 genes (MUC5B, TERT, TERC, RTEL1, PARN, SFTPC, and SFTPA2) and with variants in at least 11 novel loci. We have previously found that 1) a common gain-of-function promoter variant in MUC5B rs35705950 is the strongest risk factor (genetic and otherwise), accounting for 30-35% of the risk of developing IPF, a disease that was previously considered idiopathic; 2) the MUC5B promoter variant can potentially be used to identify individuals with preclinical pulmonary fibrosis and is predictive of radiologic progression of preclinical pulmonary fibrosis; and 3) MUC5B may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis with MUC5B message and protein expressed in bronchiolo-alveolar epithelia of IPF and the characteristic IPF honeycomb cysts. Based on these considerations, we hypothesize that excessive production of MUC5B either enhances injury due to reduced mucociliary clearance or impedes repair consequent to disruption of normal regenerative mechanisms in the distal lung. In aggregate, these novel considerations should have broad impact, resulting in specific etiologic targets, early detection of disease, and novel biologic pathways for use in the design of future intervention, prevention, and mechanistic studies of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tasha E Fingerlin
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Marvin I Schwarz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jonathan Kurche
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura Warg
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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28
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Brown JM, Mosley M, Montes-Berrueta D, Hou Y, Yang F, Scarbrough C, Witman GB, Wirschell M. Characterization of a new oda3 allele, oda3-6, defective in assembly of the outer dynein arm-docking complex in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173842. [PMID: 28291812 PMCID: PMC5349678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used an insertional mutagenesis approach to generate new C. reinhardtii motility mutants. Of 56 mutants isolated, one is a new allele at the ODA3 locus, called oda3-6. Similar to the previously characterized oda3 alleles, oda3-6 has a slow-jerky swimming phenotype and reduced swimming speed. The oda3-6 mutant fails to assemble the outer dynein arm motor and outer dynein arm—docking complex (ODA-DC) in the ciliary axoneme due to an insertion in the 5’ end of the DCC1 gene, which encodes the DC1 subunit of the ODA-DC. Transformation of oda3-6 with the wild-type DCC1 gene rescues the mutant swimming phenotype and restores assembly of the ODA-DC and the outer dynein arm in the cilium. This is the first oda3 mutant to be characterized at the molecular level and is likely to be very useful for further analysis of DC1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Brown
- Department of Biology, Salem State University, Salem, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew Mosley
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Daniela Montes-Berrueta
- Department of Biology, Salem State University, Salem, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuqing Hou
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fan Yang
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Chasity Scarbrough
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - George B. Witman
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maureen Wirschell
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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AlKattan WM, Al-Qattan MM, Bafaqeeh SA. The pathogenesis of the clinical features of oral-facial-digital syndrome type I. Saudi Med J 2016; 36:1277-84. [PMID: 26593159 PMCID: PMC4673363 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.11.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral-facial-digital syndrome type I (OFDI) is an X-linked syndrome, which has several craniofacial and limb features; and hence, patients frequently present to craniofacial and plastic surgeons. Oral-facial-digital syndrome type I is caused by mutations in the CXORF5 gene. The gene product is one of the basal body proteins of a slim microtubule-based organelle called the “primary cilium”. Most of the clinical features of OFDI patients are related to dysfunctions of the primary cilium leading to abnormal Hedgehog signal transduction, depressed planar cell polarity pathway, and errors in cell cycle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M AlKattan
- Department of Surgery, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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30
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Lepanto P, Badano JL, Zolessi FR. Neuron's little helper: The role of primary cilia in neurogenesis. NEUROGENESIS 2016; 3:e1253363. [PMID: 28090545 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2016.1253363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The generation of new neurons involves a great variety of cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic signals. The primary cilium, long regarded as an "evolutionary vestige," has emerged as an essential signaling hub in many cells, including neural progenitors and differentiating neurons. Most progenitors harbor an apically-localized primary cilium, which is assembled and disassembled following the cell cycle, while the presence, position and length of this organelle appears to be even more variable in differentiating neurons. One of the main extracellular cues acting through the cilium is Sonic Hedgehog, which modulates spatial patterning, the progression of the cell cycle and the timing of neurogenesis. Other extracellular signals appear to bind to cilia-localized receptors and affect processes such as dendritogenesis. All the observed dynamics, as well as the many signaling pathways depending on cilia, indicate this organelle as an important structure involved in neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lepanto
- Cell Biology of Neural Development Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jose L Badano
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Flavio R Zolessi
- Cell Biology of Neural Development Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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31
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Torrado B, Graña M, Badano JL, Irigoín F. Ciliary Entry of the Hedgehog Transcriptional Activator Gli2 Is Mediated by the Nuclear Import Machinery but Differs from Nuclear Transport in Being Imp-α/β1-Independent. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162033. [PMID: 27579771 PMCID: PMC5007031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gli2 is the primary transcriptional activator of Hedgehog signalling in mammals. Upon stimulation of the pathway, Gli2 moves into the cilium before reaching the nucleus. However, the mechanisms underlying its entry into the cilium are not completely understood. Since several similarities have been reported between nuclear and ciliary import, we investigated if the nuclear import machinery participates in Gli2 ciliary entry. Here we show that while two conserved classical nuclear localization signals mediate Gli2 nuclear localization via importin (Imp)-α/β1, these sequences are not required for Gli2 ciliary import. However, blocking Imp-mediated transport through overexpression of GTP-locked Ran reduced the percentage of Gli2 positive cilia, an effect that was not explained by increased CRM1-dependent export of Gli2 from the cilium. We explored the participation of Imp-β2 in Gli2 ciliary traffic and observed that this transporter is involved in moving Gli2 into the cilium, as has been described for other ciliary proteins. In addition, our data indicate that Imp-β2 might also collaborate in Gli2 nuclear entry. How does Imp-β2 determine the final destination of a protein that can localize to two distinct subcellular compartments remains an open question. Therefore, our data shows that the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling machinery plays a critical role mediating the subcellular distribution of Gli2 and the activation of the pathway, but distinct importins likely play a differential role mediating its ciliary and nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Torrado
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo CP11400, Uruguay
| | - Martín Graña
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo CP11400, Uruguay
| | - José L. Badano
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo CP11400, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Irigoín
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo CP11400, Uruguay
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo CP11800, Uruguay
- * E-mail:
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32
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Lin L, Ren L, Wen L, Wang Y, Qi J. Effect of evodiamine on the proliferation and apoptosis of A549 human lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2832-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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33
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Leventea E, Hazime K, Zhao C, Malicki J. Analysis of cilia structure and function in zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 133:179-227. [PMID: 27263414 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based protrusions on the surface of most eukaryotic cells. They are found in most, if not all, vertebrate organs. Prominent cilia form in sensory structures, the eye, the ear, and the nose, where they are crucial for the detection of environmental stimuli, such as light and odors. Cilia are also involved in developmental processes, including left-right asymmetry formation, limb morphogenesis, and the patterning of neurons in the neural tube. Some cilia, such as those found in nephric ducts, are thought to have mechanosensory roles. Zebrafish proved very useful in genetic analysis and imaging of cilia-related processes, and in the modeling of mechanisms behind human cilia abnormalities, known as ciliopathies. A number of zebrafish defects resemble those seen in human ciliopathies. Forward and reverse genetic strategies generated a wide range of cilia mutants in zebrafish, which can be studied using sophisticated genetic and imaging approaches. In this chapter, we provide a set of protocols to examine cilia morphology, motility, and cilia-related defects in a variety of organs, focusing on the embryo and early postembryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Leventea
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - K Hazime
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - C Zhao
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - J Malicki
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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34
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Djakow J, Kramná L, Dušátková L, Uhlík J, Pursiheimo JP, Svobodová T, Pohunek P, Cinek O. An effective combination of sanger and next generation sequencing in diagnostics of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Pediatr Pulmonol 2016; 51:498-509. [PMID: 26228299 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a multigenic autosomal recessive condition affecting respiratory tract and other organs where ciliary motility is required. The extent of its genetic heterogeneity is remarkable. The aim of the study was to develop a cost-effective pipeline for genetic diagnostics using a combination of Sanger and next generation sequencing (NGS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data and samples of 33 families with 38 affected subjects with PCD diagnosed in childhood were collected over the territory of the Czech Republic. A panel of 18 PCD causative or candidate genes was implemented into an Illumina TruSeq Custom Amplicon NGS assay, and three ancestral mutations in SPAG1 were screened by conventional Sanger sequencing, which was also used for the confirmation of the NGS results and for the analysis of familial segregation. RESULTS The causative gene was DNAH5 in 11/33 (33%) probands, SPAG1 in 8/33 (24%), and DNAI1, CCDC40, LRRC6 in one family each. If the high proportion of subjects with bi-allelic ancestral mutations in SPAG1 is corroborated in other Caucasian populations, a simple Sanger sequencing test for these three mutations may serve as an effective pre-screening step, being followed by an NGS panel for other, much larger, PCD genes. CONCLUSIONS We present a combination of Sanger sequencing with an NGS panel for known and candidate PCD genes, implemented in a moderate-size national collection of patients. This strategy has proven to be cost-effective, rapid and reliable, and was able to detect the causative gene in two thirds of our PCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Djakow
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kramná
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Dušátková
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Uhlík
- Department of Histology and Embryology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juha-Pekka Pursiheimo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tamara Svobodová
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pohunek
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Cinek
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic
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Lepanto P, Davison C, Casanova G, Badano JL, Zolessi FR. Characterization of primary cilia during the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells in the zebrafish. Neural Dev 2016; 11:10. [PMID: 27053191 PMCID: PMC4823885 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-016-0064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation in vivo is a highly stereotyped process, likely resulting from the interaction of cell type-specific transcription factors and tissue-derived signaling factors. The primary cilium, as a signaling hub in the cell, may have a role during this process but its presence and localization during RGC generation, and its contribution to the process of cell differentiation, have not been previously assessed in vivo. Methods In this work we analyzed the distribution of primary cilia in vivo using laser scanning confocal microscopy, as well as their main ultrastructural features by transmission electron microscopy, in the early stages of retinal histogenesis in the zebrafish, around the time of RGC generation and initial differentiation. In addition, we knocked-down ift88 and elipsa, two genes with an essential role in cilia generation and maintenance, a treatment that caused a general reduction in organelle size. The effect on retinal development and RGC differentiation was assessed by confocal microscopy of transgenic or immunolabeled embryos. Results Our results show that retinal neuroepithelial cells have an apically-localized primary cilium usually protruding from the apical membrane. We also found a small proportion of sub-apical cilia, before and during the neurogenic period. This organelle was also present in an apical position in neuroblasts during apical process retraction and dendritogenesis, although between these stages cilia appeared highly dynamic regarding both presence and position. Disruption of cilia caused a decrease in the proliferation of retinal progenitors and a reduction of neural retina volume. In addition, retinal histogenesis was globally delayed albeit RGC layer formation was preferentially reduced with respect to the amacrine and photoreceptor cell layers. Conclusions These results indicate that primary cilia exhibit a highly dynamic behavior during early retinal differentiation, and that they are required for the proliferation and survival of retinal progenitors, as well as for neuronal generation, particularly of RGCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13064-016-0064-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lepanto
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Camila Davison
- Cell Biology of Neural Development Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay.,Sección Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Casanova
- Unidad de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Jose L Badano
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Flavio R Zolessi
- Cell Biology of Neural Development Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay. .,Sección Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay.
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36
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Liu YP, Bosch DGM, Siemiatkowska AM, Rendtorff ND, Boonstra FN, Möller C, Tranebjærg L, Katsanis N, Cremers FPM. Putative digenic inheritance of heterozygous RP1L1 and C2orf71 null mutations in syndromic retinal dystrophy. Ophthalmic Genet 2016; 38:127-132. [PMID: 27029556 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2016.1151898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common cause of inherited retinal degeneration and can occur in non-syndromic and syndromic forms. Syndromic RP is accompanied by other symptoms such as intellectual disability, hearing loss, or congenital abnormalities. Both forms are known to exhibit complex genetic interactions that can modulate the penetrance and expressivity of the phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an individual with atypical RP, hearing loss, ataxia and cerebellar atrophy, whole exome sequencing was performed. The candidate pathogenic variants were tested by developing an in vivo zebrafish model and assaying for retinal and cerebellar integrity. RESULTS Exome sequencing revealed a complex heterozygous protein-truncating mutation in RP1L1, p.[(Lys111Glnfs*27; Gln2373*)], and a heterozygous nonsense mutation in C2orf71, p.(Ser512*). Mutations in both genes have previously been implicated in autosomal recessive non-syndromic RP, raising the possibility of a digenic model in this family. Functional testing in a zebrafish model for two key phenotypes of the affected person showed that the combinatorial suppression of rp1l1 and c2orf71l induced discrete pathology in terms of reduction of eye size with concomitant loss of rhodopsin in the photoreceptors, and disorganization of the cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the combination of heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in these genes drives syndromic retinal dystrophy, likely through the genetic interaction of at least two loci. Haploinsufficiency at each of these loci is insufficient to induce overt pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan P Liu
- a Center for Human Disease Modeling , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , North Carolina , USA
| | - Daniëlle G M Bosch
- b Bartiméus, Institute for the Visually Impaired , Zeist , the Netherlands.,c Department of Human Genetics , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,d Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,e Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Anna M Siemiatkowska
- c Department of Human Genetics , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,d Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Nanna Dahl Rendtorff
- f Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , ICMM, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,g Department of Audiology , Bispebjerg Hospital and Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - F Nienke Boonstra
- b Bartiméus, Institute for the Visually Impaired , Zeist , the Netherlands.,e Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Claes Möller
- h Audiological Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health , Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Tranebjærg
- f Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , ICMM, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,g Department of Audiology , Bispebjerg Hospital and Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- a Center for Human Disease Modeling , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , North Carolina , USA
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- c Department of Human Genetics , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,d Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,e Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
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Moosa S, Obregon MG, Altmüller J, Thiele H, Nürnberg P, Fano V, Wollnik B. Novel IFT122 mutations in three Argentinian patients with cranioectodermal dysplasia: Expanding the mutational spectrum. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170A:1295-301. [PMID: 26792575 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED), also known as Sensenbrenner syndrome, is an autosomal recessive ciliary chondrodysplasia characterized by a recognizable craniofacial gestalt, skeletal abnormalities, and ectodermal features. To date, four genes have been shown to underlie the syndrome, namely, IFT122 (WDR10), WDR35 (IFT121), IFT43 (C14orf179), and WDR19 (IFT144). Clinical characterization of a larger cohort of patients with CED has been undertaken previously. Nevertheless, there are too few molecularly confirmed patients reported in the literature to determine precise genotype-phenotype correlations. To date, biallelic IFT122 mutations have been described in only five families. We therefore studied three unrelated Argentinian patients with typical features of CED using a 4813 next-generation sequencing (NGS) gene panel, which we call the "Mendeliome." The three patients had different, novel, compound heterozygous mutations in IFT122. Consequently, we compared these three patients to those previously described with IFT122 mutations. Thus, our report serves to add 6 novel mutations to the IFT122 mutation spectrum and to contribute to the IFT122-related clinical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Moosa
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Janine Altmüller
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Virginia Fano
- Department of Growth and Development, Garrahan Pediatrics Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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38
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Lodh S, Hostelley TL, Leitch CC, O'Hare EA, Zaghloul NA. Differential effects on β-cell mass by disruption of Bardet-Biedl syndrome or Alstrom syndrome genes. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:57-68. [PMID: 26494903 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare genetic syndromes characterized by early-onset type 2 diabetes have revealed the importance of pancreatic β-cells in genetic susceptibility to diabetes. However, the role of genetic regulation of β-cells in disorders that are also characterized by highly penetrant obesity, a major additional risk factor, is unclear. In this study, we investigated the contribution of genes associated with two obesity ciliopathies, Bardet-Biedl Syndrome and Alstrom Syndrome, to the production and maintenance of pancreatic β-cells. Using zebrafish models of these syndromes, we identified opposing effects on production of β-cells. Loss of the Alstrom gene, alms1, resulted in a significant decrease in β-cell production whereas loss of BBS genes, bbs1 or bbs4, resulted in a significant increase. Examination of the regulatory program underlying β-cell production suggested that these effects were specific to β-cells. In addition to the initial production of β-cells, we observed significant differences in their continued maintenance. Under prolonged exposure to high glucose conditions, alms1-deficient β-cells were unable to continually expand as a result of decreased proliferation and increased cell death. Although bbs1-deficient β-cells were similarly susceptible to apoptosis, the overall maintenance of β-cell number in those animals was sustained likely due to increased proliferation. Taken together, these findings implicate discrepant production and maintenance of β-cells in the differential susceptibility to diabetes found between these two genetic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Lodh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Timothy L Hostelley
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Carmen C Leitch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Elizabeth A O'Hare
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Norann A Zaghloul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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Choi SY, Baek JI, Zuo X, Kim SH, Dunaief JL, Lipschutz JH. Cdc42 and sec10 Are Required for Normal Retinal Development in Zebrafish. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:3361-70. [PMID: 26024121 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the function and mechanisms of cdc42 and sec10 in eye development in zebrafish. METHODS Knockdown of zebrafish cdc42 and sec10 was carried out using antisense morpholino injection. The phenotype of morphants was characterized by histology, immunohistology, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To investigate a synergistic genetic interaction between cdc42 and sec10, we titrated suboptimal doses of cdc42 and sec10 morpholinos, and coinjected both morpholinos. To study trafficking, a melanosome transport assay was performed using epinephrine. RESULTS Cdc42 and sec10 knockdown in zebrafish resulted in both abnormal eye development and increased retinal cell death. Cdc42 morphants had a relatively normal retinal structure, aside from the absence of most connecting cilia and outer segments, whereas in sec10 morphants, much of the outer nuclear layer, which is composed of the photoreceptor nuclei, was missing and RPE cell thickness was markedly irregular. Knockdown of cdc42 and sec10 also resulted in an intracellular transport defect affecting retrograde melanosome transport. Furthermore, there was a synergistic genetic interaction between zebrafish cdc42 and sec10, suggesting that cdc42 and sec10 act in the same pathway in retinal development. CONCLUSIONS We propose a model whereby sec10 and cdc42 play a central role in development of the outer segment of the retinal photoreceptor cell by trafficking proteins necessary for ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Choi
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Jeong-In Baek
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Zuo
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Joshua L Dunaief
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Joshua H Lipschutz
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States 3Department of Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
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Novas R, Cardenas-Rodriguez M, Irigoín F, Badano JL. Bardet-Biedl syndrome: Is it only cilia dysfunction? FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3479-91. [PMID: 26231314 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetically heterogeneous, pleiotropic disorder, characterized by both congenital and late onset defects. From the analysis of the mutational burden in patients to the functional characterization of the BBS proteins, this syndrome has become a model for both understanding oligogenic patterns of inheritance and the biology of a particular cellular organelle: the primary cilium. Here we briefly review the genetics of BBS to then focus on the function of the BBS proteins, not only in the context of the cilium but also highlighting potential extra-ciliary roles that could be relevant to the etiology of the disorder. Finally, we provide an overview of how the study of this rare syndrome has contributed to the understanding of cilia biology and how this knowledge has informed on the cellular basis of different clinical manifestations that characterize BBS and the ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossina Novas
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo CP11400, Uruguay
| | | | - Florencia Irigoín
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo CP11400, Uruguay; Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo CP11800, Uruguay
| | - Jose L Badano
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo CP11400, Uruguay.
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41
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Álvarez-Satta M, Castro-Sánchez S, Valverde D. Alström syndrome: current perspectives. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2015; 8:171-9. [PMID: 26229500 PMCID: PMC4516341 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s56612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alström syndrome (ALMS) is a rare genetic disorder that has been included in the ciliopathies group, in the last few years. Ciliopathies are a growing group of diseases associated with defects in ciliary structure and function. The development of more powerful genetic approaches has been replaced the strategies to follow for getting a successful molecular diagnosis for these patients, especially for those without the typical ALMS phenotype. In an effort to deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis of ALMS disease, much work has been done, in order to establish the biological implication of ALMS1 protein, which is still being elucidated. In addition to its role in ciliary function and structure maintenance, this protein has been implicated in intracellular trafficking, regulation of cilia signaling pathways, and cellular differentiation, among others. All these progresses will lead to identifying therapeutic targets, thus opening the way to future personalized therapies for human ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Álvarez-Satta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sheila Castro-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Diana Valverde
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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42
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Cao Y, Shao C, Song Y, Bai C, He L. Clinical analysis of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia in mainland China. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2015; 10:765-771. [PMID: 25764361 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, genetic disorder featured with dysfunctional motility of cilia. Clinical presentations of PCD include situs inversus, repeated respiratory tract infections, otitis media, sinusitis and infertility. This study aims to provide clinical strategies on diagnosis and treatment of PCD. METHODS Clinical data of seven patients diagnosed as PCD in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were analyzed. We also extracted data from other cases in mainland China from the China Academic Journals Full-Text Database by the end of 2012. A total of 127 cases of PCD were summarized and analyzed in this study. RESULTS Seven patients in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were finally confirmed to have PCD. All of them had clinical history of recurrent respiratory infection. Imaging analysis showed varying degrees of bronchiectasis. Pulmonary function tests in four patients showed combined obstructive and restrictive patterns. Three cases were confirmed to have PCD by electron microscopy. We then further extracted information from literature for those 127 PCD patients in mainland China. All of them had chronic respiratory infection. Seven cases were complicated with recurrent otitis media and 15 cases were complicated with infertility. A total of 119 patients were diagnosed with situs inversus totalis (94%). Among those 127 patients, only 9 patients' diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopy. Four patients received sinus resection, and one patient received pulmonary lobectomy due to recurrent hemoptysis. One patient died of massive hemoptysis. CONCLUSIONS Being a rare disease and easily confused with uncomplicated bronchiectasis, PCD diagnosis warrants particular attention. Recurrent respiratory infection, especially situs inversus could be the most important indicator of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Cao
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The Forth People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Changzhou Shao
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixian He
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Al-Qattan MM, Javed K. Variability of expression of oral-facial-digital syndrome type I in 15 Saudi girls: Why is there a high rate of median cleft lip in the phenotype? Plast Surg (Oakv) 2014; 22:229-32. [PMID: 25535458 DOI: 10.4172/plastic-surgery.1000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that the incidence of nonsyndromal cleft lip and palate varies greatly according to ancestry: 0.3 to 0.4 per 1000 live births in blacks, one in 1000 in Caucasians, and two in 1000 in Asians and individuals from the central province of Saudi Arabia. Median cleft lip is a variable feature in oral-facial-digital syndrome type I (OFD-I). OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that genetic factors may determine the lip phenotype in OFD-I patients. METHODS A study involving 15 Saudi girls (from the central province of Saudi Arabia) with OFD-I showed a high rate (93.3%) of median cleft lip and palate. This rate in OFD-I patients is known to range from 33% to 56% in Caucasians and also known to be very low in blacks. The authors compared the rate of median cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the Arabian series (93.3%) with the rate in Caucasians and blacks. RESULTS The difference in median cleft lip with or without cleft palate among the three groups was significant. CONCLUSION This supports the hypothesis that ancestral genetic factors may determine the lip phenotype in OFD-I patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Al-Qattan
- Plastic Surgery Division, King Saud University and Plastic Surgery Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Javed
- Plastic Surgery Division, King Saud University and Plastic Surgery Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Qattan MM, Javed K. Variability of expression of oral-facial-digital syndrome type I in 15 Saudi girls: Why is there a high rate of median cleft lip in the phenotype? Plast Surg (Oakv) 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/229255031402200413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that the incidence of nonsyndromal cleft lip and palate varies greatly according to ancestry: 0.3 to 0.4 per 1000 live births in blacks, one in 1000 in Caucasians, and two in 1000 in Asians and individuals from the central province of Saudi Arabia. Median cleft lip is a variable feature in oral-facial-digital syndrome type I (OFD-I). Objective To test the hypothesis that genetic factors may determine the lip phenotype in OFD-I patients. Methods A study involving 15 Saudi girls (from the central province of Saudi Arabia) with OFD-I showed a high rate (93.3%) of median cleft lip and palate. This rate in OFD-I patients is known to range from 33% to 56% in Caucasians and also known to be very low in blacks. The authors compared the rate of median cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the Arabian series (93.3%) with the rate in Caucasians and blacks. Results The difference in median cleft lip with or without cleft palate among the three groups was significant. Conclusion This supports the hypothesis that ancestral genetic factors may determine the lip phenotype in OFD-I patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Al-Qattan
- Plastic Surgery Division, King Saud University and Plastic Surgery Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Javed
- Plastic Surgery Division, King Saud University and Plastic Surgery Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Popatia R, Haver K, Casey A. Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: An Update on New Diagnostic Modalities and Review of the Literature. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY IMMUNOLOGY AND PULMONOLOGY 2014; 27:51-59. [PMID: 24963453 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2013.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic condition affecting approximately 1 in 15,000-20,000 individuals, and the majority of cases exhibit an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. However, genetic heterogenicity is seen in PCD and reflects the complexity of ciliary structure and biogenesis. There have been many recent advances in the diagnosis and management of PCD in the last few years, including advanced genetic sequencing, nasal nitric oxide assay, and ciliary motility tests. This article focuses on the ultrastructure and pathophysiology of ciliary dyskinesias, along with a review of clinical features, screening, and diagnostic tests. It also reflects upon the diagnostic challenge caused by the diverse clinical presentation, which will be of great value to pediatricians for considering PCD in their differential list, henceforth leading to early recognition and management, along with awareness of the recent advances in the field of genetics and other techniques for diagnosis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Popatia
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenan Haver
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alicia Casey
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
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Huynh Cong E, Bizet AA, Boyer O, Woerner S, Gribouval O, Filhol E, Arrondel C, Thomas S, Silbermann F, Canaud G, Hachicha J, Ben Dhia N, Peraldi MN, Harzallah K, Iftene D, Daniel L, Willems M, Noel LH, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschké P, Gubler MC, Mollet G, Saunier S, Antignac C. A homozygous missense mutation in the ciliary gene TTC21B causes familial FSGS. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:2435-43. [PMID: 24876116 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013101126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several genes, mainly involved in podocyte cytoskeleton regulation, have been implicated in familial forms of primary FSGS. We identified a homozygous missense mutation (p.P209L) in the TTC21B gene in seven families with FSGS. Mutations in this ciliary gene were previously reported to cause nephronophthisis, a chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy. Notably, tubular basement membrane thickening reminiscent of that observed in nephronophthisis was present in patients with FSGS and the p.P209L mutation. We demonstrated that the TTC21B gene product IFT139, an intraflagellar transport-A component, mainly localizes at the base of the primary cilium in developing podocytes from human fetal tissue and in undifferentiated cultured podocytes. In contrast, in nonciliated adult podocytes and differentiated cultured cells, IFT139 relocalized along the extended microtubule network. We further showed that knockdown of IFT139 in podocytes leads to primary cilia defects, abnormal cell migration, and cytoskeleton alterations, which can be partially rescued by p.P209L overexpression, indicating its hypomorphic effect. Our results demonstrate the involvement of a ciliary gene in a glomerular disorder and point to a critical function of IFT139 in podocytes. Altogether, these data suggest that this homozygous TTC21B p.P209L mutation leads to a novel hereditary kidney disorder with both glomerular and tubulointerstitial damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Huynh Cong
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Albane A Bizet
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Boyer
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Woerner
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Gribouval
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Filhol
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Arrondel
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Thomas
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris, France
| | - Flora Silbermann
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Canaud
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation and Intensive Care Unit, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jamil Hachicha
- Department of Nephrology, University of Sfax, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nasr Ben Dhia
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Marie-Noëlle Peraldi
- INSERM U940, Paris Diderot University and Nephrology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Kais Harzallah
- Faculty of Medicine, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Daouia Iftene
- Department of Nephrology-Dialysis, Army Central Hospital, Kouba, Alger, Algeria
| | - Laurent Daniel
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Department of Pathology, la Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Marjolaine Willems
- INSERM U844, Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Laure-Hélène Noel
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation and Intensive Care Unit, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Genomic Core Facility, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschké
- Paris-Descartes Sorbonne Paris-Cité University, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claire Gubler
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Mollet
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Saunier
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Antignac
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Genetics, Necker Hospital, Paris, France;
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Leitch CC, Zaghloul NA. BBS4 is necessary for ciliary localization of TrkB receptor and activation by BDNF. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98687. [PMID: 24867303 PMCID: PMC4035337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia regulate an expanding list of signaling pathways in many different cell types. It is likely that identification of the full catalog of pathways associated with cilia will be necessary to fully understand their role in regulation of signaling and the implications for diseases associated with their dysfunction, ciliopathies. Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is one such ciliopathy which is characterized by a spectrum of phenotypes. These include neural defects such as impaired cognitive development, centrally mediated hyperphagia and peripheral sensory defects. Here we investigate potential defects in a signaling pathway associated with neuronal function, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Upon loss of BBS4 expression in cultured cells, we observed decreased phosphorylation and activation by BDNF of its target receptor, TrkB. Assessment of ciliary localization revealed that, TrkB localized to the axonemes or basal bodies of cilia only in the presence of BDNF. Axonemal localization, specifically, was abrogated with loss of BBS4. Finally, we present evidence that loss of the ciliary axoneme through depletion of KIF3A impedes activation of TrkB. Taken together, these data suggest the possibility of a previously uninvestigated pathway associated with perturbation of ciliary proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C. Leitch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norann A. Zaghloul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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diIorio P, Rittenhouse AR, Bortell R, Jurczyk A. Role of cilia in normal pancreas function and in diseased states. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 102:126-38. [PMID: 24861006 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia play an essential role in modulating signaling cascades that shape cellular responses to environmental cues to maintain proper tissue development. Mutations in primary cilium proteins have been linked to several rare developmental disorders, collectively known as ciliopathies. Together with other disorders associated with dysfunctional cilia/centrosomes, affected individuals have increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome, neurologic disorders, and diabetes. In pancreatic tissues, cilia are found exclusively in islet and ductal cells where they play an essential role in pancreatic tissue organization. Their absence or disorganization leads to pancreatic duct abnormalities, acinar cell loss, polarity defects, and dysregulated insulin secretion. Cilia in pancreatic tissues are hubs for cellular signaling. Many signaling components, such as Hh, Notch, and Wnt, localize to pancreatic primary cilia and are necessary for proper development of pancreatic epithelium and β-cell morphogenesis. Receptors for neuroendocrine hormones, such as Somatostatin Receptor 3, also localize to the cilium and may play a more direct role in controlling insulin secretion due to somatostatin's inhibitory function. Finally, unique calcium signaling, which is at the heart of β-cell function, also occurs in primary cilia. Whereas voltage-gated calcium channels trigger insulin secretion and serve a variety of homeostatic functions in β-cells, transient receptor potential channels regulate calcium levels within the cilium that may serve as a feedback mechanism, regulating insulin secretion. This review article summarizes our current understanding of the role of primary cilia in normal pancreas function and in the diseased state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip diIorio
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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Ruppersburg CC, Hartzell HC. The Ca2+-activated Cl- channel ANO1/TMEM16A regulates primary ciliogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1793-807. [PMID: 24694595 PMCID: PMC4038505 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-10-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+-activated Cl− channel ANO1/TMEM16A is located in the primary cilium, and blocking it pharmacologically or knocking it down with shRNA interferes with ciliogenesis. Before ciliogenesis, the channel is organized into a torus-shaped structure (the “nimbus”) enriched in proteins required for ciliogenesis. Many cells possess a single, nonmotile, primary cilium highly enriched in receptors and sensory transduction machinery that plays crucial roles in cellular morphogenesis. Although sensory transduction requires ion channels, relatively little is known about ion channels in the primary cilium (with the exception of TRPP2). Here we show that the Ca2+-activated Cl− channel anoctamin-1 (ANO1/TMEM16A) is located in the primary cilium and that blocking its channel function pharmacologically or knocking it down with short hairpin RNA interferes with ciliogenesis. Before ciliogenesis, the channel becomes organized into a torus-shaped structure (“the nimbus”) enriched in proteins required for ciliogenesis, including the small GTPases Cdc42 and Arl13b and the exocyst complex component Sec6. The nimbus excludes F-actin and coincides with a ring of acetylated microtubules. The nimbus appears to form before, or independent of, apical docking of the mother centriole. Our data support a model in which the nimbus provides a scaffold for staging of ciliary components for assembly very early in ciliogenesis and chloride transport by ANO1/TMEM16A is required for the genesis or maintenance of primary cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Criss Hartzell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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50
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Leitch CC, Lodh S, Prieto-Echagüe V, Badano JL, Zaghloul NA. Basal body proteins regulate Notch signaling through endosomal trafficking. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2407-19. [PMID: 24681783 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.130344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins associated with primary cilia and basal bodies mediate numerous signaling pathways, but little is known about their role in Notch signaling. Here, we report that loss of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome proteins BBS1 or BBS4 produces increased Notch-directed transcription in a zebrafish reporter line and in human cell lines. Pathway overactivation is accompanied by reduced localization of Notch receptor at both the plasma membrane and the cilium. In Drosophila mutants, overactivation of Notch can result from receptor accumulation in endosomes, and recent studies implicate ciliary proteins in endosomal trafficking, suggesting a possible mechanism by which overactivation occurs in BBS mutants. Consistent with this, we observe genetic interaction of BBS1 and BBS4 with the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) gene TSG101 and accumulation of receptor in late endosomes, reduced endosomal recycling and reduced receptor degradation in lysosomes. We observe similar defects with disruption of BBS3. Loss of another basal body protein, ALMS1, also enhances Notch activation and the accumulation of receptor in late endosomes, but does not disrupt recycling. These findings suggest a role for these proteins in the regulation of Notch through endosomal trafficking of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Leitch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sukanya Lodh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | - Jose L Badano
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, CP11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Norann A Zaghloul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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