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Obara K, Abe E, Mamiya S, Toyoshima I. Cerebellar Hypoperfusion in Two Patients with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome with Novel NIPBL Variants. Mol Syndromol 2023; 14:51-58. [PMID: 36777704 PMCID: PMC9911990 DOI: 10.1159/000525681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare congenital malformation characterized by distinctive facial features, short stature, and limb defects. In addition, half of the patients with CdLS exhibit repetitive self-injurious behaviors (SIBs) related to intellectual disability with autistic traits. CdLS is caused by pathogenic variants of genes encoding the cohesin complex pathway, with 70% of these variants identified in the nipped-B-like (NIPBL) gene. Case Presentation We report 2 patients with CdLS who exhibited repetitive SIBs. Patient 1, a 40-year-old male, carried a novel heterozygous duplication variant, c.1458dup, p.(Glu487*), in exon 9 of the NIPBL gene. Patient 2, a 49-year-old female, carried a novel heterozygous insertion variant, c.1751_1752ins[A;1652_1751], p.(Asp584Glufs*8), in exon 10 of the NIPBL gene. These variants were predicted to confer loss of function to the protein because of a premature stop codon. In both patients, single-photon emission computed tomography using N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine (IMP-SPECT) revealed diffuse hypoperfusion in the cerebellum. Discussion This report identified 2 novel pathogenic variants in the NIPBL gene and the relationship between SIBs and cerebellar hypoperfusion in patients with CdLS. The cerebellar hypoperfusion might have been caused by the dysfunction of the cohesin complex via the downregulation of the NIPBL gene products. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the contribution of the NIPBL gene to the development of the cerebello-cerebral cortical circuits associated with behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Obara
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Akita National Hospital, Yurihonjo, Japan,*Koji Obara,
| | - Erika Abe
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Akita National Hospital, Yurihonjo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Mamiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Akita National Hospital, Yurihonjo, Japan
| | - Itaru Toyoshima
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Akita National Hospital, Yurihonjo, Japan
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2
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Barañano KW, Kimball A, Fong SL, Egense AS, Hudon C, Kline AD. Further Characterization of SMC1A Loss of Function Epilepsy Distinct From Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. J Child Neurol 2022; 37:390-396. [PMID: 35238682 DOI: 10.1177/08830738221081244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a rare developmental malformation syndrome characterized by small stature, limb anomalies, distinctive facial features, developmental delays, and behavioral issues. The diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange syndrome is made clinically or on the basis of an identified variant in one of the genes associated with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. SMC1A variants are the cause of 5% of the cases of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. SMC1A is located on the X-chromosome and is thought to escape X-inactivation in some females. Patients with SMC1A variants are being increasingly identified through panel testing or exome sequencing without prior clinical suspicion of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. In general, intractable epilepsy is not considered a prominent feature of Cornelia de Lange syndrome, yet this is found in these patients with SMC1A variants. Here we report on a series of patients with SMC1A variants and intractable epilepsy. In contrast to patients with typical SMC1A-associated Cornelia de Lange syndrome, all of the identified patients were female, and when available, X-inactivation studies were highly skewed with truncating variants. We describe the medical involvement and physical appearance of the participants, compared to the diagnostic criteria used for classical Cornelia de Lange syndrome. We also report on the clinical characteristics of the epilepsy, including age of onset, types of seizures, electroencephalographic (EEG) findings, and response to various antiepileptic medications. These findings allow us to draw conclusions about how this population of patients with SMC1A variants fit into the spectrum of Cornelia de Lange syndrome and the broader spectrum of cohesinopathies and allow generalizations that may impact clinical care and, in particular, epilepsy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin W Barañano
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy Kimball
- Harvey Institute for Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan L Fong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alena S Egense
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Hudon
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antonie D Kline
- Harvey Institute for Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Ithal D, Sukumaran SK, Bhattacharjee D, Vemula A, Nadella R, Mahadevan J, Sud R, Viswanath B, Purushottam M, Jain S. Exome hits demystified: The next frontier. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 59:102640. [PMID: 33892377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have complex inheritance patterns, involving both common and rare variants. Whole exome sequencing is a promising approach to find out the rare genetic variants. We had previously reported several rare variants in multiplex families with severe mental illnesses. The current article tries to summarise the biological processes and pattern of expression of genes harbouring the aforementioned variants, linking them to known clinical manifestations through a methodical narrative review. Of the 28 genes considered for this review from 7 families with multiple affected individuals, 6 genes are implicated in various neuropsychiatric manifestations including some variations in the brain morphology assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Another 15 genes, though associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations, did not have established brain morphological changes whereas the remaining 7 genes did not have any previously recorded neuropsychiatric manifestations at all. Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway was associated with 6 of these genes and PI3K/AKT, calcium signaling, ERK, RhoA and notch signaling pathways had at least 2 gene associations. We present a comprehensive review of biological and clinical knowledge about the genes previously reported in multiplex families with severe mental illness. A 'disease in dish approach' can be helpful to further explore the fundamental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruva Ithal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Salil K Sukumaran
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharjee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Alekhya Vemula
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Nadella
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayant Mahadevan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Reeteka Sud
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Meera Purushottam
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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4
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Grazioli P, Parodi C, Mariani M, Bottai D, Di Fede E, Zulueta A, Avagliano L, Cereda A, Tenconi R, Wierzba J, Adami R, Iascone M, Ajmone PF, Vaccari T, Gervasini C, Selicorni A, Massa V. Lithium as a possible therapeutic strategy for Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:34. [PMID: 33597506 PMCID: PMC7889653 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a rare developmental disorder affecting a multitude of organs including the central nervous system, inducing a variable neurodevelopmental delay. CdLS malformations derive from the deregulation of developmental pathways, inclusive of the canonical WNT pathway. We have evaluated MRI anomalies and behavioral and neurological clinical manifestations in CdLS patients. Importantly, we observed in our cohort a significant association between behavioral disturbance and structural abnormalities in brain structures of hindbrain embryonic origin. Considering the cumulative evidence on the cohesin-WNT-hindbrain shaping cascade, we have explored possible ameliorative effects of chemical activation of the canonical WNT pathway with lithium chloride in different models: (I) Drosophila melanogaster CdLS model showing a significant rescue of mushroom bodies morphology in the adult flies; (II) mouse neural stem cells restoring physiological levels in proliferation rate and differentiation capabilities toward the neuronal lineage; (III) lymphoblastoid cell lines from CdLS patients and healthy donors restoring cellular proliferation rate and inducing the expression of CyclinD1. This work supports a role for WNT-pathway regulation of CdLS brain and behavioral abnormalities and a consistent phenotype rescue by lithium in experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Grazioli
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Parodi
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Bottai
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822“Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Fede
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Aida Zulueta
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Avagliano
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Cereda
- Department of Pediatrics-ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Romano Tenconi
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jolanta Wierzba
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine Nursing, Department of Rare Disorders, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Raffaella Adami
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Department of Pediatrics-ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Paola Francesca Ajmone
- grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Vaccari
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822“Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Massa
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822“Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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5
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Glasson EJ, Buckley N, Chen W, Leonard H, Epstein A, Skoss R, Jacoby P, Blackmore AM, Bourke J, Downs J. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Mental Health in Children With Neurogenetic Disorders Associated With Intellectual Disability. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 59:1036-1048. [PMID: 31945412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The behavioral phenotype of neurogenetic disorders associated with intellectual disability often includes psychiatric comorbidity. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to systematically review the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and symptoms in children and adolescents with these disorders and compare phenotypic signatures between syndromes. METHOD MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles from study inception to December 2018. Eligible articles were peer reviewed, were published in English, and reported prevalence data for psychiatric disorders and symptoms in children and adolescents aged 4 to 21 years using a formal psychiatric assessment or a standardized assessment of mental health symptoms. Pooled prevalence was determined using a random-effects meta-analysis in studies with sufficient data. Prevalence estimates were compared with general population data using a test of binomial proportions. RESULTS Of 2,301 studies identified for review, 39 articles were included in the final pool, which provided data on 4,039 children and adolescents. Ten syndromes were represented, and five were predominant: Down syndrome, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, fragile X syndrome, Williams syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome. The Child Behavior Checklist was the most commonly used assessment tool for psychiatric symptoms. The pooled prevalence with total scores above the clinical threshold was lowest for Down syndrome (32% [95% confidence interval, 19%-44%]) and highest for Prader-Willi syndrome (74% [95% CI, 65%-82%]) with each syndrome associated with significantly higher prevalence than in the general population. Parallel trends were observed for the internalizing and externalizing domains and social subscale scores. CONCLUSION Differential vulnerability for psychiatric phenotype expression across the disorders was observed. Syndromes with higher levels of social ability or competence appear to offer relative protection against developing psychopathology. This preliminary finding merits further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Glasson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nicholas Buckley
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Wai Chen
- Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service, Perth, Australia; and the Centre and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Helen Leonard
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Amy Epstein
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rachel Skoss
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter Jacoby
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Jenny Bourke
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jenny Downs
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
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6
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Liu C, Li X, Cui J, Dong R, Lv Y, Wang D, Zhang H, Li X, Li Z, Ma J, Liu Y, Gai Z. Analysis of clinical and genetic characteristics in 10 Chinese individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome and literature review. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1471. [PMID: 32856424 PMCID: PMC7549606 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare congenital developmental disorder with variable multisystem involvement and genetic heterogeneity. We aimed to analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese individuals with CdLS. Methods We collected data regarding the neonatal period, maternal status, clinical manifestation, including facial dimorphisms and development, and follow‐up treatment for individuals diagnosed with CdLS. In individuals with suspected CdLS, high‐throughput sequencing, Sanger sequencing, and real‐time qualitative PCR were used to verify the diagnosis. Results Variants, including six that were novel, were concentrated in the NIPBL (70%), HDAC8 (20%), and SMC3 (10%) genes. We found two nonsense, three splicing, and two deletion variants in NIPBL; a missense variant and an absence variant in HDAC8; and a missense variant in SMC3. Eleven cardinal features of CdLS were present in more than 80% of Chinese individuals. Compared with non‐Chinese individuals of diverse ancestry, there were significant differences in the clinical characteristics of eight of these features. Conclusion Six novel pathological variants were identified; thus, the study expanded the gene variant spectrum. Furthermore, most cardinal features of CdLS found in Chinese individuals were also found in individuals from other countries. However, there were significant differences in eight clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Neonatology, Pediatric Research Institute, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Neonatology, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Neonatology, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yvqiang Lv
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Neonatology, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zilong Li
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongtao Gai
- Department of Neonatology, Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Neonatology, Pediatric Research Institute, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, China
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7
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Kline AD, Moss JF, Selicorni A, Bisgaard AM, Deardorff MA, Gillett PM, Ishman SL, Kerr LM, Levin AV, Mulder PA, Ramos FJ, Wierzba J, Ajmone PF, Axtell D, Blagowidow N, Cereda A, Costantino A, Cormier-Daire V, FitzPatrick D, Grados M, Groves L, Guthrie W, Huisman S, Kaiser FJ, Koekkoek G, Levis M, Mariani M, McCleery JP, Menke LA, Metrena A, O'Connor J, Oliver C, Pie J, Piening S, Potter CJ, Quaglio AL, Redeker E, Richman D, Rigamonti C, Shi A, Tümer Z, Van Balkom IDC, Hennekam RC. Diagnosis and management of Cornelia de Lange syndrome: first international consensus statement. Nat Rev Genet 2018; 19:649-666. [PMID: 29995837 PMCID: PMC7136165 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-018-0031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is an archetypical genetic syndrome that is characterized by intellectual disability, well-defined facial features, upper limb anomalies and atypical growth, among numerous other signs and symptoms. It is caused by variants in any one of seven genes, all of which have a structural or regulatory function in the cohesin complex. Although recent advances in next-generation sequencing have improved molecular diagnostics, marked heterogeneity exists in clinical and molecular diagnostic approaches and care practices worldwide. Here, we outline a series of recommendations that document the consensus of a group of international experts on clinical diagnostic criteria, both for classic CdLS and non-classic CdLS phenotypes, molecular investigations, long-term management and care planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonie D Kline
- Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Centre, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joanna F Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Department of Paediatrics, Presidio S. Femro, ASST Lariana, Como, Italy
| | - Anne-Marie Bisgaard
- Kennedy Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Matthew A Deardorff
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter M Gillett
- GI Department, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Stacey L Ishman
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lynne M Kerr
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Utah Medical Centre, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alex V Levin
- Paediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul A Mulder
- Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Feliciano J Ramos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Paediatrics, University Clinic Hospital 'Lozano Blesa' CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragón, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology and Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jolanta Wierzba
- Department of Paediatrics, Haematology and Oncology, Department of General Nursery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paola Francesca Ajmone
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - David Axtell
- CdLS Foundation UK and Ireland, The Tower, North Stifford, Grays, Essex, UK
| | - Natalie Blagowidow
- Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Cereda
- Department of Paediatrics, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Antonella Costantino
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Genetics, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - David FitzPatrick
- Human Genetics Unit, Medical and Developmental Genetics, University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Marco Grados
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Groves
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Whitney Guthrie
- Centre for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvia Huisman
- Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank J Kaiser
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Mary Levis
- Wicomico County Board of Education, Salisbury, MD, USA
| | - Milena Mariani
- Clinical Paediatric Genetics Unit, Paediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Joseph P McCleery
- Centre for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leonie A Menke
- Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Julia O'Connor
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chris Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Juan Pie
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Paediatrics, University Clinic Hospital 'Lozano Blesa' CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragón, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology and Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sigrid Piening
- Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Carol J Potter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ana L Quaglio
- Genética Médica, Hospital del Este, Eva Perón, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Egbert Redeker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David Richman
- Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Rigamonti
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Angell Shi
- The Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Kennedy Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Ingrid D C Van Balkom
- Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
- Rob Giel Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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8
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Bettini LR, Graziola F, Fazio G, Grazioli P, Scagliotti V, Pasquini M, Cazzaniga G, Biondi A, Larizza L, Selicorni A, Gaston-Massuet C, Massa V. Rings and Bricks: Expression of Cohesin Components is Dynamic during Development and Adult Life. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E438. [PMID: 29389897 PMCID: PMC5855660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohesin complex components exert fundamental roles in animal cells, both canonical in cell cycle and non-canonical in gene expression regulation. Germline mutations in genes coding for cohesins result in developmental disorders named cohesinopaties, of which Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is the best-known entity. However, a basic description of mammalian expression pattern of cohesins in a physiologic condition is still needed. Hence, we report a detailed analysis of expression in murine and human tissues of cohesin genes defective in CdLS. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods in fetal and adult tissues, cohesin genes were found to be ubiquitously and differentially expressed in human tissues. In particular, abundant expression was observed in hematopoietic and central nervous system organs. Findings of the present study indicate tissues which should be particularly sensitive to mutations, germline and/or somatic, in cohesin genes. Hence, this expression analysis in physiological conditions may represent a first core reference for cohesinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rachele Bettini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.
- Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano-Bicocca Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Federica Graziola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Paolo Grazioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Valeria Scagliotti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Mariavittoria Pasquini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano-Bicocca Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, 20900 Monza, Italy.
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20154 Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Carles Gaston-Massuet
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Valentina Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.
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Avagliano L, Grazioli P, Mariani M, Bulfamante GP, Selicorni A, Massa V. Integrating molecular and structural findings: Wnt as a possible actor in shaping cognitive impairment in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:174. [PMID: 29162129 PMCID: PMC5696803 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a choesinopathy: a severe genetic disorder caused by mutations in the cohesin complex genes. The phenotype is characterized by typical facial dysmorphism, growth impairment and multiorgan abnormalities including brain alterations. Wnt pathway is known to play a fundamental role in central nervous system development and it has been shown that Wnt pathway is disrupted in CdLS animal models and patients cells. In this review we investigate the possible link between Wnt pathway disruption and brain abnormalities in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome as such molecular impairment could lead to an abnormal embryonic development resulting in brain abnormalities (i.e. microcephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, abnormal cortical development) in patients with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Avagliano
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Grazioli
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gaetano P Bulfamante
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Massa
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic syndrome with clinical manifestations due to multiple affected organ systems including limbs, gastrointestinal, skin, and central nervous systems. Although the genetic basis of CdLS is now uncovered, how behavioral manifestations are associated with genetic and brain differences are less well understood. The current focused review systematically describes the main behavioral observations to date in individuals with CdLS, which have a significant impact on quality of life and adaptive functioning. RECENT FINDINGS The CdLS behavioral phenotype includes autistic traits as a prominent feature; however, brain imaging studies, required to understand gene-brain-behavior connections in CdLS, are scarce. Moreover, autistic features in CdLS have a greater emphasis on repetitive behaviors, including self-injurious behaviors (SIB) and expressive communication deficits, different that the core social deficit seen in idiopathic autism. Current data strongly support the use of CdLS as a model disease for repetitive behaviors and associated developmental delay manifestations. SUMMARY Behavioral phenotype characteristics in CdLS point to a preponderance of repetitive clinical phenomena as well as expressive verbal deficits that ought to inform specific treatment approaches in CdLS. In particular, repetitive behaviors associated with self-injury are of high negative impact on the quality of life for individuals with CdLS and their families. Treatment approaches geared to manage repetitive behaviors and self-injurious behaviors in CdLS are required in this developmental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Grados
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hassan Alvi
- Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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