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León‐Madero LF, Fregoso‐Ron CH, De León‐Carbajal JC, Valdés‐Miranda JM. Mexican patient with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome and cleft palate: Importance of functional hemizygosity and phenotype expansion. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2451. [PMID: 38760995 PMCID: PMC11101913 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EvCS) is a chondroectodermal dysplasia caused by germline pathogenic variants in ciliary complex subunit 1 and 2 genes (EVC, EVC2) on chromosome 4p16.2. This disease has a broad phenotype, and there are few described phenotype-genotype correlations. METHODS Ethical Compliance: Written informed consent was obtained from the parents. Here, we report a genetically confirmed Mexican patient with EvCS having two inherited pathogenic variants in trans in EVC2: c.[1195C>T];[2161delC]. RESULTS This patient allowed a genotypic-phenotypic comparison with another Mexican subject who presented a more attenuated phenotype; furthermore, our patient also presented cleft palate, a rarely reported feature. CONCLUSION Our case shows the importance of comparing functional hemizygosity between patient's phenotypes when they share a variant, and our case also supports the association of alterations in the palate as part of the EvCS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe León‐Madero
- Medical Genetics DepartmentHospital General de México Dr. Eduardo LiceagaMexico CityMexico
- Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Cesar Humberto Fregoso‐Ron
- Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
- Maternal Fetal Medicine DepartmentHospital General de México Dr. Eduardo LiceagaMexico CityMexico
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Lan R, Wu Y, Dai Q, Wang F. Gene mutations and chromosomal abnormalities in syndromes with tooth agenesis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2401-2408. [PMID: 36219525 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to review the pathogenic mechanisms and clinical manifestations in syndromes with tooth agenesis (TA). Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and PubMed databases were searched for a comprehensive review. Previous publications reported complicated aetiologies of syndromic TA. Gene mutations in conserved signalling pathways (WNT, EDA, SHH, FGF, and TGF-β/BMP) and crucial molecules (PAX9, PIXT2, IRF6, the p53 family, and subunits of RNA polymerase III) are the main causes of syndromic TA. In the process of odontogenesis, antagonistic or synergistic interactions are demonstrated in patients and murine models. Mutations in some genes (WNT10A, WNT10B, AXIN2, ANTXR1, MSX1, EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD) can result in both syndromic and isolated TA. In addition, chromosomal anomalies are also responsible for syndromic TA (Down syndrome, Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, Williams syndrome, and Pierre Robin sequence). The causes and manifestations of syndromic TA are highly complex, and this constitutes a clinical challenge. Mutations in signalling pathways and crucial molecules as well as chromosomal anomalies are responsible for syndromic TA. And there are overlaps between the causative genes of syndromic and isolated TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lan
- Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinggang Dai
- Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Selleri L, Rijli FM. Shaping faces: genetic and epigenetic control of craniofacial morphogenesis. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:610-626. [PMID: 37095271 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Major differences in facial morphology distinguish vertebrate species. Variation of facial traits underlies the uniqueness of human individuals, and abnormal craniofacial morphogenesis during development leads to birth defects that significantly affect quality of life. Studies during the past 40 years have advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that establish facial form during development, highlighting the crucial roles in this process of a multipotent cell type known as the cranial neural crest cell. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in multi-omics and single-cell technologies that enable genes, transcriptional regulatory networks and epigenetic landscapes to be closely linked to the establishment of facial patterning and its variation, with an emphasis on normal and abnormal craniofacial morphogenesis. Advancing our knowledge of these processes will support important developments in tissue engineering, as well as the repair and reconstruction of the abnormal craniofacial complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Selleri
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Filippo M Rijli
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuroepigenetics, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Majd A, Richter MN, Samuel RM, Cesiulis A, Ghazizadeh Z, Wang J, Fattahi F. Combined GWAS and single cell transcriptomics uncover the underlying genes and cell types in disorders of gut-brain interaction. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.02.23290906. [PMID: 37333423 PMCID: PMC10275016 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.23290906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs), formerly known as functional gastrointestinal disorders, are extremely common and historically difficult to manage. This is largely because their cellular and molecular mechanisms have remained poorly understood and understudied. One approach to unravel the molecular underpinnings of complex disorders such as DGBIs is performing genome wide association studies (GWASs). However, due to the heterogenous and non-specific nature of GI symptoms, it has been difficult to accurately classify cases and controls. Thus, to perform reliable studies, we need to access large patient populations which has been difficult to date. Here, we leveraged the UK Biobank (UKBB) database, containing genetic and medical record data of over half a million individuals, to perform GWAS for five DGBI categories: functional chest pain, functional diarrhea, functional dyspepsia, functional dysphagia, and functional fecal incontinence. By applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, we resolved patient populations and identified genes significantly associated with each condition. Leveraging multiple human single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets, we found that the disease associated genes were highly expressed in enteric neurons, which innervate and control GI functions. Further expression and association testing-based analyses revealed specific enteric neuron subtypes consistently linked with each DGBI. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction analysis of each of the disease associated genes revealed protein networks specific to each DGBI, including hedgehog signaling for functional chest pain and neuronal function and neurotransmission for functional diarrhea and functional dyspepsia. Finally, through retrospective medical record analysis we found that drugs that inhibit these networks are associated with an increased disease risk, including serine/threonine kinase 32B drugs for functional chest pain, solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1, mitogen-activated protein kinase 6, and dual serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinase drugs for functional dyspepsia, and serotonin transporter drugs for functional diarrhea. This study presents a robust strategy for uncovering the tissues, cell types, and genes involved in DGBIs, presenting novel predictions of the mechanisms underlying these historically intractable and poorly understood diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Majd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mikayla N Richter
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ryan M Samuel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrius Cesiulis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zaniar Ghazizadeh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Faranak Fattahi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Negrete-Torres N, Chima-Galán MDC, Sierra-López EA, Sánchez-Ramos J, Álvarez-González I, Reyes-Reali J, Mendoza-Ramos MI, Garrido-Guerrero E, Amato D, Méndez-Catalá CF, Pozo-Molina G, Méndez-Cruz AR. Identification of Compound Heterozygous EVC2 Gene Variants in Two Mexican Families with Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040887. [PMID: 37107645 PMCID: PMC10137610 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EvCS) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy with a disproportionate short stature, polydactyly, dystrophic nails, oral defects, and cardiac anomalies. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the EVC or EVC2 genes. To obtain further insight into the genetics of EvCS, we identified the genetic defect for the EVC2 gene in two Mexican patients. METHODS Two Mexican families were enrolled in this study. Exome sequencing was applied in the probands to screen potential genetic variant(s), and then Sanger sequencing was used to identify the variant in the parents. Finally, a prediction of the three-dimensional structure of the mutant proteins was made. RESULTS One patient has a compound heterozygous EVC2 mutation: a novel heterozygous variant c.519_519 + 1delinsT inherited from her mother, and a heterozygous variant c.2161delC (p.L721fs) inherited from her father. The second patient has a previously reported compound heterozygous EVC2 mutation: nonsense mutation c.645G > A (p.W215*) in exon 5 inherited from her mother, and c.273dup (p.K92fs) in exon 2 inherited from her father. In both cases, the diagnostic was Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. Three-dimensional modeling of the EVC2 protein showed that truncated proteins are produced in both patients due to the generation of premature stop codons. CONCLUSION The identified novel heterozygous EVC2 variants, c.2161delC and c.519_519 + 1delinsT, were responsible for the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome in one of the Mexican patients. In the second Mexican patient, we identified a compound heterozygous variant, c.645G > A and c.273dup, responsible for EvCS. The findings in this study extend the EVC2 mutation spectrum and may provide new insights into the EVC2 causation and diagnosis with implications for genetic counseling and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Negrete-Torres
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | | | | | - Janet Sánchez-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Julia Reyes-Reali
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - María Isabel Mendoza-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Efraín Garrido-Guerrero
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Dante Amato
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Claudia Fabiola Méndez-Catalá
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Glustein Pozo-Molina
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Adolfo René Méndez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
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