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Burghel GJ, Ellingford JM, Wright R, Bradford L, Miller J, Watt C, Edgerley J, Naeem F, Banka S. Systematic reanalysis of copy number losses of uncertain clinical significance. J Med Genet 2024:jmg-2023-109559. [PMID: 38604752 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reanalysis of exome/genome data improves diagnostic yield. However, the value of reanalysis of clinical array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) data has never been investigated. Case-by-case reanalysis can be challenging in busy diagnostic laboratories. METHODS AND RESULTS We harmonised historical postnatal clinical aCGH results from ~16 000 patients tested via our diagnostic laboratory over ~7 years with current clinical guidance. This led to identification of 37 009 copy number losses (CNLs) including 33 857 benign, 2173 of uncertain significance and 979 pathogenic. We found benign CNLs to be significantly less likely to encompass haploinsufficient genes compared with the pathogenic or CNLs of uncertain significance in our database. Based on this observation, we developed a reanalysis pipeline using up-to-date disease association data and haploinsufficiency scores and shortlisted 207 CNLs of uncertain significance encompassing at least one autosomal dominant disease-gene associated with haploinsufficiency or loss-of-function mechanism. Clinical scientist reviews led to reclassification of 15 CNLs of uncertain significance as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. This was ~0.7% of the starting cohort of 2173 CNLs of uncertain significance and 7.2% of 207 shortlisted CNLs. The reclassified CNLs included first cases of CNV-mediated disease for some genes where all previously described cases involved only point variants. Interestingly, some CNLs could not be reclassified because the phenotypes of patients with CNLs seemed distinct from the known clinical features resulting from point variants, thus raising questions about accepted underlying disease mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Reanalysis of clinical aCGH data increases diagnostic yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Burghel
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie M Ellingford
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ronnie Wright
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Lauren Bradford
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jake Miller
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Watt
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan Edgerley
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Farah Naeem
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Bailey SM, Cross EM, Kinner-Bibeau L, Sebesta HC, Bedford JS, Tompkins CJ. Monitoring Genomic Structural Rearrangements Resulting from Gene Editing. J Pers Med 2024; 14:110. [PMID: 38276232 PMCID: PMC10817574 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The cytogenomics-based methodology of directional genomic hybridization (dGH) enables the detection and quantification of a more comprehensive spectrum of genomic structural variants than any other approach currently available, and importantly, does so on a single-cell basis. Thus, dGH is well-suited for testing and/or validating new advancements in CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing systems. In addition to aberrations detected by traditional cytogenetic approaches, the strand specificity of dGH facilitates detection of otherwise cryptic intra-chromosomal rearrangements, specifically small inversions. As such, dGH represents a powerful, high-resolution approach for the quantitative monitoring of potentially detrimental genomic structural rearrangements resulting from exposure to agents that induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), including restriction endonucleases and ionizing radiations. For intentional genome editing strategies, it is critical that any undesired effects of DSBs induced either by the editing system itself or by mis-repair with other endogenous DSBs are recognized and minimized. In this paper, we discuss the application of dGH for assessing gene editing-associated structural variants and the potential heterogeneity of such rearrangements among cells within an edited population, highlighting its relevance to personalized medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Bailey
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
- KromaTiD, Inc., Longmont, CO 80501, USA; (E.M.C.); (L.K.-B.); (H.C.S.)
| | - Erin M. Cross
- KromaTiD, Inc., Longmont, CO 80501, USA; (E.M.C.); (L.K.-B.); (H.C.S.)
| | | | - Henry C. Sebesta
- KromaTiD, Inc., Longmont, CO 80501, USA; (E.M.C.); (L.K.-B.); (H.C.S.)
| | - Joel S. Bedford
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
- KromaTiD, Inc., Longmont, CO 80501, USA; (E.M.C.); (L.K.-B.); (H.C.S.)
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Xue S, Wang L, Wei J, Liu Y, Ding G, Dai P. Clinical application of single nucleotide polymorphism microarray analysis in pregnancy loss in Northwest China. Front Genet 2023; 14:1319624. [PMID: 38155718 PMCID: PMC10754489 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1319624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Spontaneous abortion is the most common complication of early pregnancy. In this study, we aim to investigate the clinical application value of genetic diagnosis using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis on the products of conception and to characterize the types of genetic abnormalities and their prevalence in pregnancy loss in Northwest China. Methods: Over 48 months, we selected 652 products of conception, which included chorionic villi, fetal tissues, germ cell samples, amniotic fluid samples, cord blood samples, and a cardiac blood sample. We analyzed the distribution of chromosomal abnormalities leading to fetal arrest or abortion using SNP array. The patients were then categorized divided into groups based on maternal age, gestational age, number of miscarriages, and maternal ethnic background. The incidences of various chromosomal abnormalities in each group were compared. Results: Of the 652 cases, 314 (48.16%) exhibited chromosomal abnormalities. These included 286 cases with numerical chromosomal abnormalities, 24 cases with copy number variation, and four cases with loss of heterozygosity. Among them, there were 203 trisomy cases, 55 monosomy cases, and 28 polyploidy cases. In the subgroup analysis, significant differences were found in the frequency of numerical chromosomal abnormalities and copy number variation between the advanced and younger maternal age group as well as between the early and late abortion groups. Furthermore, we identified significant differences in the frequency of numerical chromosomal abnormalities between the first spontaneous abortion and recurrent miscarriage groups. However, there were no significant differences in the frequency of numerical chromosomal abnormalities between the Han and Uighur groups. Conclusion: Our research highlights chromosomal abnormalities as the primary cause of spontaneous abortion, with a higher incidence in early pregnancy and among women of advanced age. The use of SNP array analysis emerges as an effective and reliable technique for chromosome analysis in aborted fetuses. This method offers a comprehensive and dependable genetic investigation into the etiology of miscarriage, establishing itself as a valuable routine selection for genetic analysis in cases of natural abortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuYuan Xue
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Urumqi Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - LiXia Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Urumqi Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Urumqi Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - YuTong Liu
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - GuiFeng Ding
- Department of Obstetrics, Urumqi Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - PengGao Dai
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
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Bedoschi G, Gastaldo G, Bianco B, Christofolini DM, Barbosa CP, Roque M, Navarro PA. Live birth after single euploid frozen embryo transfer in a 39-year-old woman with high-grade mosaic Turner syndrome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2261064. [PMID: 37743347 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2261064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the reproductive and obstetric outcomes of an intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy in an advanced reproductive-age woman with high-grade mosaic Turner syndrome. METHODS Case report of a 39-year-old woman diagnosed with mosaic Turner Syndrome 45,X[90]/46,XX[10] karyotype who underwent in vitro fertilization treatment with blastocyst trophectoderm biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing using next-generation sequencing. RESULT(S) Two of the four blastocysts biopsied were euploid. The patient achieved ongoing pregnancy after the first single euploid frozen embryo transfer, followed by the birth of a healthy child. CONCLUSION Autologous intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles can be considered in a select group of advanced reproductive-age women diagnosed with high-grade mosaic Turner syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Bedoschi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Reproductive Medicine Division, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo,Brazil
| | - Guilherme Gastaldo
- Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Bianco
- Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Parente Barbosa
- Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Andrea Navarro
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Reproductive Medicine Division, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo,Brazil
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Yuan J, Jin L, Wang M, Wei S, Zhu G, Xu B. Detection of chromosome aberrations in 17 054 individuals with fertility problems and their subsequent assisted reproductive technology treatments in Central China. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:ii34-ii46. [PMID: 37982417 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How do the types and frequency of chromosome aberrations in couples in central China affect fertility and ART treatment? SUMMARY ANSWER Men with chromosome aberrations or polymorphisms have an increased risk of semen quality impairment and infertility, and couples affected by reciprocal translocations had a lower pregnancy rate compared with other chromosome aberrations. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Karyotyping is crucial for patients affected by infertility as chromosome aberrations play an important role in the etiology of male infertility. However, the influence of chromosome aberrations and polymorphisms on sperm motility and morphology remains controversial. Data on ART treatment outcomes in infertile couples affected by chromosome aberrations are insufficient. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We conducted a retrospective study involving 17 054 patients affected by infertility who underwent karyotyping in our center between January 2020 and May 2022. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Karyotyping was performed on 17 054 patients with reproductive failure. All patients were from the central regions of China. The following data were collected from a medical records system using patient identification numbers: couples' ages, history of pregnancy and childbirth, type of infertility, years of infertility, cause of infertility, chromosome karyotypes, semen analysis results, assisted reproductive techniques performed, and treatment outcomes of ART. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The incidence of chromosome aberrations was 2.04%; 2.49% in men and 1.57% in women. By analyzing the relationships between chromosome aberrations/polymorphisms and abnormal semen parameters, we found that there were significantly higher rates of asthenozoospermia, oligospermia, and teratozoospermia among men with Robertsonian translocations and sex chromosomal structural aberrations compared with those with normal karyotypes. Higher rates of asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia were also observed among men with autosomal reciprocal translocations. The incidence of chromosome aberrations in azoospermic men (13.75%), and in men with cryptozoospermia or severe oligospermia (6.97%) was significantly higher than that in men with mild oligospermia or normospermia (0.88-2.12%). In addition, we found that the progressive movement of sperm is impaired in men with Chromosome 21 polymorphisms compared with men with normal karyotypes (39.46% ± 20.51% vs 48.61% ± 18.76%, P = 0.026). The percentage of morphologically normal forms was lower in the chromosomal polymorphism group than in the normal karyotype group (5.01% ± 2.41% vs 5.59% ± 2.14%, P = 0.001), especially in men with polymorphisms on Chromosome 9 (enlarged Chromosome 9 heterochromatin [9qh+]: 4.48% ± 2.22% vs 5.59% ± 2.14%, P = 0.006; pericentric inversion of Chromosome 9 [inv(9)]: 5.09% ± 3.11% vs 5.59% ± 2.14%, P = 0.008). ART treatment was successful in 36.00% of couples affected by chromosome aberrations. However, couples affected by reciprocal translocations achieved a lower pregnancy rate (24.07%), which may be due to the lower euploidy rates (27.31%) when compared with that in other chromosome aberrations. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION First, although the initial cohort was large, chromosome aberrations were identified in a small number of patients. Second, the observational nature of the study design is limiting. Third, the couples affected by infertility in this study were all outpatients that did not undergo identical comprehensive examinations except for karyotyping, leading to the incomplete collection of medical records. Also, the population included in this study mainly focused on couples affected by infertility, which may not be included in the European Association of Urology (EAU) recommendation on male infertility. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Men with chromosome aberrations or polymorphisms have an increased risk of semen quality impairment and infertility. Constitutional chromosome analysis is recommended for men affected by infertility and severe oligospermia or azoospermia to facilitate early and appropriate guidance for the most suitable treatment. Carriers of chromosome aberrations can achieve acceptable pregnancy outcomes through IVF. However, couples affected by reciprocal translocations have lower pregnancy rates, and more treatment cycles are needed before a successful pregnancy. A possible explanation may be the fewer euploid embryos obtained. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by Grant 2021YFC2700603 from the National Key Research & Development Program of China. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Yuan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaman Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijin Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Fenech MF, Bull CF, Van Klinken BJW. Protective Effects of Micronutrient Supplements, Phytochemicals and Phytochemical-Rich Beverages and Foods Against DNA Damage in Humans: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Prospective Studies. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1337-1358. [PMID: 37573943 PMCID: PMC10721466 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage diminishes cellular health, increases risk of developmental and degenerative diseases, and accelerates aging. Optimizing nutrient intake can minimize accrual of DNA damage. The objectives of this review are to: 1) assemble and systematically analyze high-level evidence for the effect of supplementation with micronutrients and phytochemicals on baseline levels of DNA damage in humans, and 2) use this knowledge to identify which of these essential micronutrients or nonessential phytochemicals promote DNA integrity in vivo in humans. We conducted systematic literature searches of the PubMed database to identify interventional, prospective, cross-sectional, or in vitro studies that explored the association between nutrients and established biomarkers of DNA damage associated with developmental and degenerative disease risk. Biomarkers included lymphocyte chromosome aberrations, lymphocyte and buccal cell micronuclei, DNA methylation, lymphocyte/leukocyte DNA strand breaks, DNA oxidation, telomere length, telomerase activity, and mitochondrial DNA mutations. Only randomized, controlled interventions and uncontrolled longitudinal intervention studies conducted in humans were selected for evaluation and data extraction. These studies were ranked for the quality of their study design. In all, 96 of the 124 articles identified reported studies that achieved a quality assessment score ≥ 5 (from a maximum score of 7) and were included in the final review. Based on these studies, nutrients associated with protective effects included vitamin A and its precursor β-carotene, vitamins C, E, B1, B12, folate, minerals selenium and zinc, and phytochemicals such as curcumin (with piperine), lycopene, and proanthocyanidins. These findings highlight the importance of nutrients involved in (i) DNA metabolism and repair (folate, vitamin B12, and zinc) and (ii) prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation (vitamins A, C, E, lycopene, curcumin, proanthocyanidins, selenium, and zinc). Supplementation with certain micronutrients and their combinations may reduce DNA damage and promote cellular health by improving the maintenance of genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Fenech
- Molecular Diagnostics Solutions, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Caroline F Bull
- Molecular Diagnostics Solutions, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - B Jan-Willem Van Klinken
- GSK Consumer Healthcare (now named Haleon), Warren, New Jersey, USA; Brightseed, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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Lan R, Wu Y, Dai Q, Wang F. Gene mutations and chromosomal abnormalities in syndromes with tooth agenesis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2401-2408. [PMID: 36219525 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to review the pathogenic mechanisms and clinical manifestations in syndromes with tooth agenesis (TA). Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and PubMed databases were searched for a comprehensive review. Previous publications reported complicated aetiologies of syndromic TA. Gene mutations in conserved signalling pathways (WNT, EDA, SHH, FGF, and TGF-β/BMP) and crucial molecules (PAX9, PIXT2, IRF6, the p53 family, and subunits of RNA polymerase III) are the main causes of syndromic TA. In the process of odontogenesis, antagonistic or synergistic interactions are demonstrated in patients and murine models. Mutations in some genes (WNT10A, WNT10B, AXIN2, ANTXR1, MSX1, EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD) can result in both syndromic and isolated TA. In addition, chromosomal anomalies are also responsible for syndromic TA (Down syndrome, Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, Williams syndrome, and Pierre Robin sequence). The causes and manifestations of syndromic TA are highly complex, and this constitutes a clinical challenge. Mutations in signalling pathways and crucial molecules as well as chromosomal anomalies are responsible for syndromic TA. And there are overlaps between the causative genes of syndromic and isolated TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lan
- Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinggang Dai
- Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Gateva S, Jovtchev G, Angelova T, Gerasimova T, Dobreva A, Mileva M. Cytogenetic Studies on Genoprotective Effect of Rosa damascena Mill. Hydrosol in Plant and Lymphocyte Test Systems. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1753. [PMID: 37629611 PMCID: PMC10455691 DOI: 10.3390/life13081753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bulgarian Rosa damascena Mill. is has been known since ancient times for its high-quality oil, hydrosol, and other aromatic products. Rose hydrosol has various biological activities, but no research on its anticytotoxic/antigenotoxic effects exists. This study aimed to assess its defense potential against the genotoxin N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and to test its cytotoxic/genotoxic activity in plant and human lymphocyte test systems. Endpoints for cytotoxicity (mitotic index and nuclear division index) and genotoxicity (chromosome aberration and micronuclei) were used. Hydrosol was applied as a single treatment in concentrations ranging from 3% to 20% (4 h) to assess its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Its protective potential against MNNG was tested by applying an experimental scheme involving (i) conditioning treatment with non-toxic or slightly toxic concentrations of hydrosol, followed by genotoxin challenge (50 μg/mL) with a 4 h intertreatment time and (ii) treatment with hydrosol and mutagen with no time between the treatments. Hydrosol induces low cytotoxicity and clastogenicity, demonstrating cytoprotective/genoprotective effects against the mutagen in both applied test systems. The hydrosol defense potential was expressed by a more than twofold reduction in both chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei and by enhancing the mitotic activity compared with that of the mutagen, regardless of the experimental conditions. The results are promising for further hydrosol applications in pharmaceutical and medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetla Gateva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.G.); (G.J.); (T.A.); (T.G.)
| | - Gabriele Jovtchev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.G.); (G.J.); (T.A.); (T.G.)
| | - Tsveta Angelova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.G.); (G.J.); (T.A.); (T.G.)
| | - Tsvetelina Gerasimova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.G.); (G.J.); (T.A.); (T.G.)
| | - Ana Dobreva
- Institute for Roses and Aromatic Plants, Agricultural Academy, 49 Osvobojdenie Blvd, 6100 Kazanlak, Bulgaria;
| | - Milka Mileva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Brănişteanu DE, Porumb-Andrese E, Porumb V, Stărică A, Moraru AD, Nicolescu AC, Zemba M, Brănişteanu CI, Brănişteanu G, Brănişteanu DC. New Treatment Horizons in Uveal and Cutaneous Melanoma. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1666. [PMID: 37629523 PMCID: PMC10455832 DOI: 10.3390/life13081666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a complex and heterogeneous malignant tumor with distinct genetic characteristics and therapeutic challenges in both cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM). This review explores the underlying molecular features and genetic alterations in these melanoma subtypes, highlighting the importance of employing specific model systems tailored to their unique profiles for the development of targeted therapies. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in unraveling the molecular and genetic characteristics of CM and UM, leading to notable advancements in treatment options. Genetic mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway drive CM, while UM is characterized by mutations in genes like GNAQ, GNA11, BAP1, EIF1AX, and SF3B1. Chromosomal aberrations, including monosomy 3 in UM and monosomy 10 in CM, play significant roles in tumorigenesis. Immune cell infiltration differs between CM and UM, impacting prognosis. Therapeutic advancements targeting these genetic alterations, including oncolytic viruses and immunotherapies, have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies. Oncolytic viruses selectively infect malignant cells, inducing oncolysis and activating antitumor immune responses. Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is an FDA-approved oncolytic virus for CM treatment, and other oncolytic viruses, such as coxsackieviruses and HF-10, are being investigated. Furthermore, combining oncolytic viruses with immunotherapies, such as CAR-T cell therapy, holds great potential. Understanding the intrinsic molecular features of melanoma and their role in shaping novel therapeutic approaches provides insights into targeted interventions and paves the way for more effective treatments for CM and UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daciana Elena Brănişteanu
- Department of Medical Specialties (III)-Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Elena Porumb-Andrese
- Department of Medical Specialties (III)-Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Vlad Porumb
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Military Emergency Clinical Hospital “Dr. Iacob Czihac”, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Andreea Dana Moraru
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | | | - Mihail Zemba
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | | | - George Brănişteanu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.I.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Daniel Constantin Brănişteanu
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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10
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Musilova P, Kadlcikova D, Hradska H, Vozdova M, Selingerova I, Cernohorska H, Salat D, Rubes J. Chromosome damage in regions with different levels of air pollution. Environ Mol Mutagen 2023. [PMID: 37421236 DOI: 10.1002/em.22562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is an important environmental factor influencing human health. In this study, we compared chromosome damage in city policemen from three cities in the Czech Republic: industrial Ostrava characterized by high levels of benzo[a]pyrene, Prague with heavy traffic emitting nitrogen oxides, and relatively clean Ceske Budejovice located in an area with predominantly agricultural activity. Chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization with painting probes for chromosomes 1, 2, 3 and 4 in spring and autumn. An increase in the frequency of unstable chromosome aberrations, i.e. dicentric chromosomes and acentric fragments, was observed in spring samples from Ostrava (p = 0.014 and p = 0.044, respectively) and Prague (p = 0.002 and p = 0.006, respectively) in comparison with Ceske Budejovice. The difference was significant only for samples taken after the winter period, when the concentration of pollutants in the air increases due to poor dispersion conditions. An increased frequency of dicentric chromosomes was observed in spring compared to autumn in both Ostrava and Prague (p = 0.017 and p = 0.023, respectively), but not in Ceske Budejovice. More breakpoints were observed on chromosome 1 than on the other chromosomes examined (p < 0.001). The number of breakpoints in the heterochromatin region 1p11-q12 was lower than in other parts of chromosome 1 (p < 0.001), suggesting a protective function of heterochromatin against damage. Our study showed, that air pollution increased the frequency of unstable chromosome aberrations, especially dicentric chromosomes. However, we did not show an effect on stable chromosome rearrangements. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Musilova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dita Kadlcikova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hradska
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miluse Vozdova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Selingerova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Halina Cernohorska
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dusan Salat
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Jiri Rubes
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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11
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Garshin A, Altynova N, Djangalina E, Khamdiyeva O, Baratzhanova G, Tolebaeva A, Zhaniyazov Z, Khussainova E, Cakir-Kiefer C, Jurjanz S, Delannoy M, Djansugurova L. Individual Risk Assessment for Population Living on the Territories Long-Term Polluted by Organochlorine Pesticides. Toxics 2023; 11:482. [PMID: 37368581 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The long-term storage of unutilized pesticides raised new problems of long-term environmental contamination. The study presents the results of surveying 151 individuals in 7 villages living close to pesticide-contaminated localities. All individuals have been surveyed concerning their consumption habits and lifestyle characteristics. An assessment of the general exposure risks of the local population was carried out using the analysis of pollutants in food products and the average levels of their consumption in the region. The cohort risk evaluation revealed that the greatest risk was associated with the regular consumption of cucumbers, pears, bell peppers, meat, and milk. The new model to estimate individual risks of long-term pesticide pollution was proposed as a calculation of the combined action of 9 risk factors, including individual genotypes, age, lifestyle, and personal pesticide consumption rates. The analysis of the predictive ability of this model showed that the final score for individual health risks corresponded to the development of chronic diseases. A high level of chromosomal aberrations was evidenced for individual genetic risk manifestations. The combined influence of all risk factors revealed contributions of 24.7% for health status and 14.2% for genetic status, while other impacts go to all unaccounted factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Garshin
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Nazym Altynova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Erika Djangalina
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Ozada Khamdiyeva
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulminyam Baratzhanova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- INRAE, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Anar Tolebaeva
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhasulan Zhaniyazov
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Elmira Khussainova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Stefan Jurjanz
- INRAE, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Leyla Djansugurova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
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12
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Pilesi E, Angioli C, Graziani C, Parroni A, Contestabile R, Tramonti A, Vernì F. A gene-nutrient interaction between vitamin B6 and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) affects genome integrity in Drosophila. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37183313 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the catalytically active form of vitamin B6, participates as a cofactor to one carbon (1C) pathway that produces precursors for DNA metabolism. The concerted action of PLP-dependent serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) and thymidylate synthase (TS) leads to the biosynthesis of thymidylate (dTMP), which plays an essential function in DNA synthesis and repair. PLP deficiency causes chromosome aberrations (CABs) in Drosophila and human cells, rising the hypothesis that an altered 1C metabolism may be involved. To test this hypothesis, we used Drosophila as a model system and found, firstly, that in PLP deficient larvae SHMT activity is reduced by 40%. Second, we found that RNAi-induced SHMT depletion causes chromosome damage rescued by PLP supplementation and strongly exacerbated by PLP depletion. RNAi-induced TS depletion causes severe chromosome damage, but this is only slightly enhanced by PLP depletion. dTMP supplementation rescues CABs in both PLP-deficient and PLP-proficient SHMTRNAi . Altogether these data suggest that a reduction of SHMT activity caused by PLP deficiency contributes to chromosome damage by reducing dTMP biosynthesis. In addition, our work brings to light a gene-nutrient interaction between SHMT decreased activity and PLP deficiency impacting on genome stability that may be translated to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Pilesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Angioli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Graziani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Parroni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Contestabile
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Tramonti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Vernì
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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Locher M, Jukic E, Vogi V, Keller MA, Kröll T, Schwendinger S, Oberhuber K, Verdorfer I, Mühlegger BE, Witsch-Baumgartner M, Nachbaur D, Willenbacher W, Gunsilius E, Wolf D, Zschocke J, Steiner N. Amp(1q) and tetraploidy are commonly acquired chromosomal abnormalities in relapsed multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2023; 110:296-304. [PMID: 36433728 PMCID: PMC10107198 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Long-term disease control in multiple myeloma (MM) is typically an unmet medical need, and most patients experience multiple relapses. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the standard technique to detect chromosomal abnormalities (CAs), which are important to estimate the prognosis of MM and the allocation of risk adapted therapies. In advanced stages, the importance of CAs needs further investigation. From 148 MM patients, two or more paired samples, at least one of which was collected at relapse, were analyzed by FISH. Using targeted next-generation sequencing, we molecularly investigated samples harboring relapse-associated CAs. Sixty-one percent of the patients showed a change in the cytogenetic profile during the disease course, including 10% who acquired high-risk cytogenetics. Amp(1q) (≥4 copies of 1q21), driven by an additional increase in copy number in patients who already had 3 copies of 1q21, was the most common acquired CA with 16% affected patients. Tetraploidy, found in 10% of the samples collected at the last time-point, was unstable over the course of the disease and was associated with TP53 lesions. Our results indicate that cytogenetic progression is common in relapsed patients. The relatively high frequency of amp(1q) suggests an active role for this CA in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurus Locher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Emina Jukic
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Vogi
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus A Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teresa Kröll
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Schwendinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Oberhuber
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Irmgard Verdorfer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beatrix E Mühlegger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - David Nachbaur
- Internal Medicine V (Hematology & Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Willenbacher
- Internal Medicine V (Hematology & Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,syndena GmbH, connect to cure, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eberhard Gunsilius
- Internal Medicine V (Hematology & Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Internal Medicine V (Hematology & Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Medical Clinic 3, Oncology, Hematology, Immunoncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Normann Steiner
- Internal Medicine V (Hematology & Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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14
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Zhang S, Pei Z, Lei C, Zhu S, Deng K, Zhou J, Yang J, Lu D, Sun X, Xu C, Xu C. Detection of cryptic balanced chromosomal rearrangements using high-resolution optical genome mapping. J Med Genet 2023; 60:274-284. [PMID: 35710108 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2022-108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal rearrangements have profound consequences in diverse human genetic diseases. Currently, the detection of balanced chromosomal rearrangements (BCRs) mainly relies on routine cytogenetic G-banded karyotyping. However, cryptic BCRs are hard to detect by karyotyping, and the risk of miscarriage or delivering abnormal offspring with congenital malformations in carrier couples is significantly increased. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential of single-molecule optical genome mapping (OGM) in unravelling cryptic chromosomal rearrangements. METHODS Eleven couples with normal karyotypes that had abortions/affected offspring with unbalanced rearrangements were enrolled. Ultra-high-molecular-weight DNA was isolated from peripheral blood cells and processed via OGM. The genome assembly was performed followed by variant calling and annotation. Meanwhile, multiple detection strategies, including FISH, long-range-PCR amplicon-based next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were implemented to confirm the results obtained from OGM. RESULTS High-resolution OGM successfully detected cryptic reciprocal translocation in all recruited couples, which was consistent with the results of FISH and sequencing. All high-confidence cryptic chromosomal translocations detected by OGM were confirmed by sequencing analysis of rearrangement breakpoints. Moreover, OGM revealed additional complex rearrangement events such as inverted aberrations, further refining potential genetic interpretation. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study wherein OGM facilitate the rapid and robust detection of cryptic chromosomal reciprocal translocations in clinical practice. With the excellent performance, our findings suggest that OGM is well qualified as an accurate, comprehensive and first-line method for detecting cryptic BCRs in routine clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenle Pei
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Lei
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Saijuan Zhu
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Deng
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning, Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Daru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning, Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Sun
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenming Xu
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Ramos RL, Carante MP, Ferrari A, Sala P, Vercesi V, Ballarini F. A Mission to Mars: Prediction of GCR Doses and Comparison with Astronaut Dose Limits. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032328. [PMID: 36768652 PMCID: PMC9916691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term human space missions such as a future journey to Mars could be characterized by several hazards, among which radiation is one the highest-priority problems for astronaut health. In this work, exploiting a pre-existing interface between the BIANCA biophysical model and the FLUKA Monte Carlo transport code, a study was performed to calculate astronaut absorbed doses and equivalent doses following GCR exposure under different shielding conditions. More specifically, the interface with BIANCA allowed us to calculate both the RBE for cell survival, which is related to non-cancer effects, and that for chromosome aberrations, related to the induction of stochastic effects, including cancer. The results were then compared with cancer and non-cancer astronaut dose limits. Concerning the stochastic effects, the equivalent doses calculated by multiplying the absorbed dose by the RBE for chromosome aberrations ("high-dose method") were similar to those calculated using the Q-values recommended by ICRP. For a 650-day mission at solar minimum (representative of a possible Mars mission scenario), the obtained values are always lower than the career limit recommended by ICRP (1 Sv), but higher than the limit of 600 mSv recently adopted by NASA. The comparison with the JAXA limits is more complex, since they are age and sex dependent. Concerning the deterministic limits, even for a 650-day mission at solar minimum, the values obtained by multiplying the absorbed dose by the RBE for cell survival are largely below the limits established by the various space agencies. Following this work, BIANCA, interfaced with an MC transport code such as FLUKA, can now predict RBE values for cell death and chromosome aberrations following GCR exposure. More generally, both at solar minimum and at solar maximum, shielding of 10 g/cm2 Al seems to be a better choice than 20 g/cm2 for astronaut protection against GCR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario P. Carante
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ferrari
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paola Sala
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Ballarini
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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16
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Ciğerci İH, Liman R, İstifli ES, Akyıl D, Özkara A, Bonciu E, Colă F. Cyto-Genotoxic and Behavioral Effects of Flubendiamide in Allium cepa Root Cells, Drosophila melanogaster and Molecular Docking Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36675079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Flubendiamide (FLB) is an insecticide that is commonly employed to control pests on a variety of vegetables and fruits, with low toxicity for non-target organisms. However, due to its widespread use, the environmental risks and food safety have become major concerns. In this study, the toxicity potential of FLB was studied in the model organisms, Allium cepa and Drosophila melanogaster. The cyto-genotoxic effects of FLB on the root growth, mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in A. cepa root meristematic cells were investigated using the root growth inhibition Allium test and Comet assays. FLB caused CAs in the form of disturbed ana-telophase, chromosome laggards, stickiness, anaphase-bridge and polyploidy depending on the concentration and the exposure time. The toxicity and genotoxicity of FLB at various doses (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM) on D. melanogaster were investigated from the point of view of larval weight and movement, pupal formation success, pupal position, emergence success and DNA damage, respectively. FLB exposure led to a significant reduction of the locomotor activity at the highest concentration. While DNA damage increased significantly in the FLB-treated onions depending on the concentration and time, DNA damage in the FLB-treated D. melanogaster significantly increased only at the highest dose compared to that which occurred in the control group. Moreover, to provide a mechanistic insight into the genotoxic and locomotion-disrupting effects of FLB, molecular docking simulations of this pesticide were performed against the DNA and diamondback moth (DBM) ryanodine receptor (RyR) Repeat34 domain. The docking studies revealed that FLB binds strongly to a DNA region that is rich in cytosine-guanine-adenine bases (C-G-A) in the minor groove, and it displayed a remarkable binding affinity against the DBM RyR Repeat34 domain.
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17
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Daum H, Segel R, Meiner V, Goldberg Y, Zeligson S, Weiss O, Stern S, Frumkin A, Zenvirt S, Ganz G, Shkedi-Rafid S. Detection of copy number variants associated with late-onset conditions in ~16 200 pregnancies: parameters for disclosure and pregnancy outcome. J Med Genet 2023; 60:99-105. [PMID: 35264407 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variants (CNVs) associated with late-onset medical conditions are rare but important secondary findings in chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) performed during pregnancy. Here, we critically review the cases at two tertiary centres to assess the criteria which guide the disclosure of such findings and develop a disclosure decision tool (DDT) aimed at facilitating disclosure decision. Parental decisions on receiving CNVs associated with risks for late-onset conditions were also recorded. METHODS Prenatal CMAs in Hadassah and Shaare Zedek Medical Centers from November 2013 to October 2021 were reviewed for CNVs associated with late-onset conditions. The DDT proposed uses a five-parameter scoring system, which considers the severity, median age of onset, penetrance, understanding of genotype-phenotype correlation and actionability of the finding. RESULTS Out of 16 238 prenatal CMAs, 16 (0.1%) harboured CNVs associated with late-onset conditions, 15 of which were disclosed. Outcome information was available on 13 of the 16 pregnancies, all of which continued to delivery. CONCLUSIONS Our suggested DDT will help clinicians to quantitatively weigh the variables associated with CNVs of this type and arrive at a well thought out clinical decision regarding disclosure. Although the prevalence of late-onset conditions as a major finding in the prenatal setup is low, it is expected to rise with the increasing use of non-invasive CMA testing and whole exome and genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Daum
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reeval Segel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vardiella Meiner
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Goldberg
- Rabin Medical Center, Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Zeligson
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omri Weiss
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shira Stern
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayala Frumkin
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shamir Zenvirt
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gael Ganz
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shiri Shkedi-Rafid
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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18
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Moore MM, Abraham I, Ballantyne M, Behrsing H, Cao X, Clements J, Gaca M, Gillman G, Hashizume T, Heflich RH, Hurtado S, Jordan KG, Leverette R, McHugh D, Miller-Holt J, Phillips G, Recio L, Roy S, Scian M, Simms L, Smart DJ, Stankowski LF, Tarran R, Thorne D, Weber E, Wieczorek R, Yoshino K, Curren R. Key Challenges and Recommendations for In Vitro Testing of Tobacco Products for Regulatory Applications: Consideration of Test Materials and Exposure Parameters. Altern Lab Anim 2023; 51:55-79. [PMID: 36821083 DOI: 10.1177/02611929221146536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The Institute for In Vitro Sciences (IIVS) is sponsoring a series of workshops to identify, discuss and develop recommendations for optimal scientific and technical approaches for conducting in vitro assays, to assess potential toxicity within and across tobacco and various next generation nicotine and tobacco products (NGPs), including heated tobacco products (HTPs) and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). The third workshop (24-26 February 2020) summarised the key challenges and made recommendations concerning appropriate methods of test article generation and cell exposure from combustible cigarettes, HTPs and ENDS. Expert speakers provided their research, perspectives and recommendations for the three basic types of tobacco-related test articles: i) pad-collected material (PCM); ii) gas vapour phase (GVP); and iii) whole smoke/aerosol. These three types of samples can be tested individually, or the PCM and GVP can be combined. Whole smoke/aerosol can be bubbled through media or applied directly to cells at the air-liquid interface. Summaries of the speaker presentations and the recommendations developed by the workgroup are presented. Following discussion, the workshop concluded the following: that there needs to be greater standardisation in aerosol generation and collection processes; that methods for testing the NGPs need to be developed and/or optimised, since simply mirroring cigarette smoke testing approaches may be insufficient; that understanding and quantitating the applied dose is fundamental to the interpretation of data and conclusions from each study; and that whole smoke/aerosol approaches must be contextualised with regard to key information, including appropriate experimental controls, environmental conditioning, analytical monitoring, verification and performance criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Ballantyne
- 63899Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Holger Behrsing
- 329003Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Xuefei Cao
- 4136National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Julie Clements
- 63899Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Marianna Gaca
- 195179British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Gene Gillman
- 520154Enthalpy Analytical, Inc., Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tsuneo Hashizume
- 74193Japan Tobacco Inc., Scientific Product Assessment Centre, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Robert H Heflich
- 4136National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Sara Hurtado
- 66661Charles River Laboratories - Skokie, LLC., Skokie, IL, USA
| | - Kristen G Jordan
- RAI Services Company, Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Robert Leverette
- RAI Services Company, Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Damian McHugh
- 161931Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Gary Phillips
- Life Science Technologies Ltd, Eastleigh, Hampshire, UK
| | - Leslie Recio
- 298616ILS, PO Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel J Smart
- 161931Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Robert Tarran
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, 2332University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David Thorne
- 195179British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Elisabeth Weber
- 588402Oekolab Ges. f. Umweltanalytik, A Member of the JT International Group of Companies, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Kei Yoshino
- 74193Japan Tobacco Inc., Scientific Product Assessment Centre, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rodger Curren
- 329003Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Panagopoulos I, Andersen K, Gorunova L, Eilert-Olsen M, Lund-Iversen M, Wessel-Aas T, Lloret I, Micci F, Heim S. Presence of a t(12;18)(q14;q21) Chromosome Translocation and Fusion of the Genes for High-mobility Group AT-Hook 2 ( HMGA2) and WNT Inhibitory Factor 1 ( WIF1) in Infrapatellar Fat Pad Cells from a Patient With Hoffa's Disease. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:584-590. [PMID: 35985683 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Hoffa's disease is anterior knee pain presumably stemming from inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia of the infrapatellar fat pad (Hoffa's pad). The etiology and pathogenesis are unclear, however, and no genetic information about the disease has been published. We report the genetic findings in cells from the fat pad of a patient with Hoffa's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Infrapatellar fat pad cells from a patient with Hoffa's disease were examined using cytogenetic, RNA sequencing, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Sanger sequencing techniques. RESULTS Cytogenetic examination of short-term cultured cells from the Hoffa's pad revealed a balanced t(12;18)(q14;q21) translocation as the sole chromosomal aberration. RNA sequencing detected an out-of-frame fusion of exon 3 of the gene coding for high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) with exon 9 of the gene coding for WNT inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1). The fusion was subsequently verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction together with Sanger sequencing. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that Hoffa's disease is a neoplastic process with acquired genetic aberrations similar to those found in many benign tumors of connective tissues. The genetic aberrations are presumably acquired by mesenchymal stem cells of the infrapatellar fat pad inducing proliferation and differentiation into adipocytes or other mature connective tissue cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;
| | - Kristin Andersen
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludmila Gorunova
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martine Eilert-Olsen
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Lund-Iversen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Wessel-Aas
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabel Lloret
- Department of Radiology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Ogunyemi AK, Abayomi AA, Opawale RO, Samuel TA, Ilori MO, Amund OO, Alo BI. Alkaline-extracted cyanide from cassava wastewater and its sole induction of chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa L. root tips. Environ Technol 2022; 43:3097-3106. [PMID: 33843491 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1916088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cassava, a staple crop in Nigeria, processed by numerous factories in rural and suburban locations is known to contain some level of cyano compounds. Lack of stringent environmental regulations on the management of cassava wastewater (CWW) from cassava-processing factories had led to its indiscriminate discharge on the environment. CWW samples were obtained from cassava-processing factories from selected states (Lagos (A), Oyo (B), Ogun 1 (C1), Ogun 2 (C2) and Cross River (D)) in Nigeria to determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of extracted cyanide from the wastewaters. The cyanide was hydrolysed via chemical degradation utilizing 1.25 M NaOH and subsequently titrated using silver nitrate with p-dimethylaminobenzalrhodamine as indicator. Further, in order to explore the potential toxicity of this pollutant present in the effluent, a battery of short-term biological assay (Allium cepa chromosomal aberration test) was used. Bulbs with roots of Allium cepa L. were treated with different concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8%) of CWW, and after 48 h, the root tips were processed for cytological studies by the aceto-orcein squash procedure. The results revealed that cyanide concentrations on re-fluxing were in the range of 1.0 and 1.3 mg/L. All concentrations induced a number of chromosomal aberrations in the root tip cells. The mitotic index decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing concentration. The cytotoxic effects showed strong concentration-dependent root growth inhibition with EC50 values of 30%, 20%, 37%, 43% and 22% for A, B, C1, C2 and D, after 72 h. The findings thus indicate that alkali treatment is very efficient in degrading the cyanide content of CWW and has shown that the combination of physico-chemical analysis along with the sole toxicity assessment could provide valuable information about the sole toxicity of cyanide as a chemical pollutant present in the cassava effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Titilola Aderonke Samuel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Olukayode Oladipo Amund
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Elizade University, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Babajide Ibitayo Alo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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21
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Koryakina E, Potetnya VI, Troshina M, Baykuzina R, Koryakin S, Lychagin A, Solovev A, Saburov V, Pikalov V, Shegay P, Ivanov S, Kaprin A. Hypersensitivity and Induced Radioresistance in Chinese Hamster Cells Exposed to Radiations with Different LET Values. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126765. [PMID: 35743215 PMCID: PMC9223725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the impact of radiation LET on manifestation of HRS/IRR response in Chinese hamster cells ovary cells exposed to radiations used in radiotherapy. Earlier we have investigated this response to carbon ions (455 MeV/amu) in the pristine Bragg curve plateau and behind the Bragg peak, 60Co γ-rays, and 14.5 MeV neutrons. Now we present results of cytogenetic metaphase analysis in plateau-phase CHO-K1 cells irradiated with scanning beam protons (83 MeV) at doses < 1 Gy and additional data for 14.5 MeV neutrons. Dose curves for frequency of total chromosome aberrations (CA, protons), paired fragments (protons, neutrons), aberrant cells (neutrons) had typical HRS/IRR structure: HRS region (up to 0.1 and 0.15 Gy), IRR region (0.1−0.6 Gy and 0.15−0.35 Gy) for protons and neutrons, respectively, and regular dose dependence. Taken together with previous results, the data show that LET increase shifts the HRS upper border (from 0.08−0.1 Gy for γ-rays, protons and plateau carbons to 0.12−0.15 Gy for “tail” carbons and neutrons). The IRR regions shortens (0.52−0.4 γ-rays and protons, 0.25 plateau carbons, 0.2 Gy “tail” carbons and neutrons). CA level of IRR increases by 1.5−2.5 times for carbons as compared to γ-rays and protons. Outside HRS/IRR the yield of CA also enhanced with LET increase. The results obtained for different LET radiations suggest that CHO-K1 cells with G1-like CA manifested the general feature of the HRS/IRR phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Koryakina
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia; (V.I.P.); (M.T.); (R.B.); (S.K.); (A.L.); (A.S.); (V.S.); (S.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-910-5453734
| | - Vladimir I. Potetnya
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia; (V.I.P.); (M.T.); (R.B.); (S.K.); (A.L.); (A.S.); (V.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Marina Troshina
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia; (V.I.P.); (M.T.); (R.B.); (S.K.); (A.L.); (A.S.); (V.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Raisa Baykuzina
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia; (V.I.P.); (M.T.); (R.B.); (S.K.); (A.L.); (A.S.); (V.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Sergey Koryakin
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia; (V.I.P.); (M.T.); (R.B.); (S.K.); (A.L.); (A.S.); (V.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Anatoliy Lychagin
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia; (V.I.P.); (M.T.); (R.B.); (S.K.); (A.L.); (A.S.); (V.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Aleksei Solovev
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia; (V.I.P.); (M.T.); (R.B.); (S.K.); (A.L.); (A.S.); (V.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Vyacheslav Saburov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia; (V.I.P.); (M.T.); (R.B.); (S.K.); (A.L.); (A.S.); (V.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Vladimir Pikalov
- Institute for High Energy Physics Named by A. A. Logunov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», 142280 Protvino, Russia;
| | - Petr Shegay
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 246036 Obninsk, Russia; (P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia; (V.I.P.); (M.T.); (R.B.); (S.K.); (A.L.); (A.S.); (V.S.); (S.I.)
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia”, Medical Institute, Department of Oncology and Radiology Named after N.P. Kharchenko, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 246036 Obninsk, Russia; (P.S.); (A.K.)
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia”, Medical Institute, Department of Oncology and Radiology Named after N.P. Kharchenko, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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22
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Porrazzo A, Esposito G, Grifoni D, Cenci G, Morciano P, Tabocchini MA. Reduced Environmental Dose Rates Are Responsible for the Increased Susceptibility to Radiation-Induced DNA Damage in Larval Neuroblasts of Drosophila Grown inside the LNGS Underground Laboratory. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105472. [PMID: 35628279 PMCID: PMC9143493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A large amount of evidence from radiobiology studies carried out in Deep Underground Laboratories support the view that environmental radiation may trigger biological mechanisms that enable both simple and complex organisms to cope with genotoxic stress. In line with this, here we show that the reduced radiation background of the LNGS underground laboratory renders Drosophila neuroblasts more sensitive to ionizing radiation-induced (but not to spontaneous) DNA breaks compared to fruit flies kept at the external reference laboratory. Interestingly, we demonstrate that the ionizing radiation sensitivity of flies kept at the LNGS underground laboratory is rescued by increasing the underground gamma dose rate to levels comparable to the low-LET reference one. This finding provides the first direct evidence that the modulation of the DNA damage response in a complex multicellular organism is indeed dependent on the environmental dose rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Porrazzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Centro Nazionale per le Tecnologie Innovative in Sanità Pubblica (TISP), Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione Roma 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.E.); (P.M.)
| | - Daniela Grifoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze Della Vita e Dell’ambiente, Università Dell’aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Cenci
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (G.C.)
- Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Istituto Pasteur, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Morciano
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), INFN, Assergi, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.E.); (P.M.)
| | - Maria Antonella Tabocchini
- Centro Nazionale per le Tecnologie Innovative in Sanità Pubblica (TISP), Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione Roma 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
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23
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Bolsunovsky AY, Trofimova EA, Zueva AV, Dementyev DV, Petrichenkov MV. Effect of Gamma Radiation on Cytogenetic and Growth Endpoints of Allium cepa Seedlings in Long-Term Experiments. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2022; 503:85-89. [PMID: 35538284 PMCID: PMC9090888 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672922020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of γ-radiation on the growth and cytogenetic endpoints of Allium cepa L. seedlings in a long period after irradiation in absorbed doses from 1.0 to 10.7 Gy were examined. The chromosome aberration rate was most sensitive to the radiation: it increased immediately after exposure at all doses. In the recovery period (up to 216 h) after irradiation, the chromosome aberration frequency naturally decreased but at the end of experiment in maximum doses remained above the control values. The impact of the initial level of chromosome aberrations on the inhibition of onion roots growth in the long terms after irradiation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ya Bolsunovsky
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - E A Trofimova
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A V Zueva
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - D V Dementyev
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - M V Petrichenkov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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24
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Tričković JF, Šobot AV, Joksić I, Joksić G. Telomere fragility in radiology workers occupationally exposed to low doses of ionising radiation. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2022; 73:23-30. [PMID: 35390241 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionising radiation damages DNA directly and indirectly through increased production of reactive oxygen species. Although telomeres have been reported as indicators of radiosensitivity, their maintenance in response to occupational exposure to low radiation doses is still a matter of debate. In this work we aimed to investigate telomere length and structure in hospital workers occupationally exposed to X-rays and to relate these findings to oxidation of biomolecules and chromosome aberrations. Blood samples of exposed participants and matching controls were taken during periodical check-ups. Chromosome aberrations and telomere length and structure were analysed in peripheral blood lymphocytes using Q-FISH, whereas oxidative stress parameters [pro/antioxidant balance (PAB), lipid peroxidation, and 8-oxo-dG] were measured in plasma samples. Based on the CA findings we divided the exposed group into two subgroups, of which one had chromosome aberrations in the first division metaphases and the other did not. There was no significant difference in telomere length between any of the groups. However, both subgroups showed significantly higher rate of fragile telomeres and higher lipid peroxidation product and 8-oxo-dG levels than controls. The rate of fragile telomeres significantly correlated with plasma levels of 8-oxo-dG, which suggests that continuous exposure to low radiation doses induces oxidative base damage of guanine resulting in telomere fragility.
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25
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Poignant F, Plante I, Crespo L, Slaba T. Impact of Radiation Quality on Microdosimetry and Chromosome Aberrations for High-Energy (>250 MeV/n) Ions. Life (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 35330109 DOI: 10.3390/life12030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying energy deposition by space radiation at the cellular scale provides insights on health risks to astronauts. Using the Monte Carlo track structure code RITRACKS, and the chromosome aberrations code RITCARD, we performed a modeling study of single-ion energy deposition spectra and chromosome aberrations for high-energy (>250 MeV/n) ion beams with linear energy transfer (LET) varying from 0.22 to 149.2 keV/µm. The calculations were performed using cells irradiated directly by mono-energetic ion beams, and by poly-energetic beams after particle transport in a digital mouse model, representing the radiation exposure of a cell in a tissue. To discriminate events from ion tracks directly traversing the nucleus, to events from δ-electrons emitted by distant ion tracks, we categorized ion contributions to microdosimetry or chromosome aberrations into direct and indirect contributions, respectively. The ions were either ions of the mono-energetic beam or secondary ions created in the digital mouse due to interaction of the beam with tissues. For microdosimetry, the indirect contribution is largely independent of the beam LET and minimally impacted by the beam interactions in mice. In contrast, the direct contribution is strongly dependent on the beam LET and shows increased probabilities of having low and high-energy deposition events when considering beam transport. Regarding chromosome aberrations, the indirect contribution induces a small number of simple exchanges, and a negligible number of complex exchanges. The direct contribution is responsible for most simple and complex exchanges. The complex exchanges are significantly increased for some low-LET ion beams when considering beam transport.
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26
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Haverić S, Haverić A, Hadžić M, Ćetković T, Čaluk Klačar L, Hadžiselimović R. Sporadic chromosome translocation frequencies in lymphocyte cultures - a retrospective study in a cohort of patients from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Med Glas (Zenica) 2022; 19. [PMID: 35048628 DOI: 10.17392/1423-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aim Chromosome translocations are considered as one of the most severe forms of genome defects. Because of the clinical significance of chromosome translocations and scarce data on the incidence of sporadic translocations in population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, we aimed to report sporadic translocation frequencies in samples karyotyped in our laboratory. Methods The study group consisted of 108 samples. Whole blood was cultivated in complete medium for 72 hours with the thymidine application at 48th hour to synchronize the cell culture. Metaphases were arrested by colcemid 60 minutes before harvesting. Following hypotonic treatment, cells were fixed and cell suspension was dropped on coded slides. Dried slides were subjected to conventional GTG (G-banding with trypsin-Giemsa) banding and analyzed under 1000x magnification in the accordance with ISCN (International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature) and E.C.A. Cytogenetic Guidelines and Quality Assurance. Results The incidence of all detected sporadic translocations was 27.81 x 10-4 per metaphase. The incidence of sporadic translocations involving chromosomes 7 and 14, being considered as the most frequent sporadic translocations of the human karyotype in phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated lymphocytes, was 15.89 x 10-4 per metaphase. The most frequent breakpoints were 7p21, 14q11 and 14q21. Other detected sporadic translocation breakpoints were: 1q25, 3p22, 7p13, 7q11.22, 7q33, 14q23 and 19q13.4. Conclusion Higher incidence of sporadic translocations compared to the similar studies was registered. Since potential explanations for this issue are smaller sample size and higher exposure of examined population to genotoxic agents, further monitoring of sporadic translocation incidences is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanin Haverić
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anja Haverić
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maida Hadžić
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Tamara Ćetković
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lejla Čaluk Klačar
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Rifat Hadžiselimović
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Kwasniewska J, Bara AW. Plant Cytogenetics in the Micronuclei Investigation-The Past, Current Status, and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1306. [PMID: 35163228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic approaches play an essential role as a quick evaluation of the first genetic effects after mutagenic treatment. Although labor-intensive and time-consuming, they are essential for the analyses of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in mutagenesis and environmental monitoring. Over the years, conventional cytogenetic analyses were a part of routine laboratory testing in plant genotoxicity. Among the methods that are used to study genotoxicity in plants, the micronucleus test particularly represents a significant force. Currently, cytogenetic techniques go beyond the simple detection of chromosome aberrations. The intensive development of molecular biology and the significantly improved microscopic visualization and evaluation methods constituted significant support to traditional cytogenetics. Over the past years, distinct approaches have allowed an understanding the mechanisms of formation, structure, and genetic activity of the micronuclei. Although there are many studies on this topic in humans and animals, knowledge in plants is significantly limited. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on micronuclei characteristics in plants. We pay particular attention to how the recent contemporary achievements have influenced the understanding of micronuclei in plant cells. Together with the current progress, we present the latest applications of the micronucleus test in mutagenesis and assess the state of the environment.
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Ricketts CJ, Vocke CD, Lang M, Chen X, Zhao Y, Tran B, Tandon M, Schmidt LS, Ball MW, Linehan WM. A germline 1;3 translocation disrupting the VHL gene: a novel genetic cause for von Hippel-Lindau. J Med Genet 2022; 59:18-22. [PMID: 33067352 PMCID: PMC8080673 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant hereditary tumour susceptibility disease caused by germline pathogenic variation of the VHL tumour suppressor gene. Affected individuals are at risk of developing multiple malignant and benign tumours in a number of organs.In this report, a male patient in his 20s who presented to the Urologic Oncology Branch at the National Cancer Institute with a clinical diagnosis of VHL was found to have multiple cerebellar haemangioblastomas, bilateral epididymal cysts, multiple pancreatic cysts, and multiple, bilateral renal tumours and cysts. The patient had no family history of VHL and was negative for germline VHL mutation by standard genetic testing. Further genetic analysis demonstrated a germline balanced translocation between chromosomes 1 and 3, t(1;3)(p36.3;p25) with a breakpoint on chromosome 3 within the second intron of the VHL gene. This created a pathogenic germline alteration in VHL by a novel mechanism that was not detectable by standard genetic testing.Karyotype analysis is not commonly performed in existing genetic screening protocols for patients with VHL. Based on this case, protocols should be updated to include karyotype analysis in patients who are clinically diagnosed with VHL but demonstrate no detectable mutation by existing genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Ricketts
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Cathy D Vocke
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin Lang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institue, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiongfong Chen
- CCR Sequencing Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- CCR Sequencing Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Bao Tran
- CCR Sequencing Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mayank Tandon
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura S Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark W Ball
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institue, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The objective of the study was to improve the biological dosimetry approach among patients with acute radiationsickness of various degrees based on the analysis of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in peripheral bloodlymphocytes of the victims. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was based on primary cytogenetic data obtained in May 1986 within examina-tion of the 30 clean-up workers («liquidators») having got stage I-III acute radiation sickness. Dose verificationwas performed using the cytogenetic dosimetry based on a culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes with metaphaseanalysis of chromosome aberrations. RESULTS A new method of evaluating the results of patients' cytogenetic examination at the beginning of specifictherapy has been developed. Procedure was performed using a model of multiple linear regression (complex of cyto-genetic parameters) and provided a satisfactory diagnostic level (featuring a compliance with initially definedclinical and laboratory diagnoses). Overall frequency of the aberrant cells and radiation markers increased in high-er disease stages. There was a trend of the frequency growth of chromatid-type aberrations with increasing of radi-ation burden. Adequacy of the proposed method based on the regression analysis of cytogenetic results was con-firmed through the preservation of group differences in estimates of disease stage in subjects with verified diagnosis. CONCLUSION Cytogenetic dosimetry in the scope of examination of persons exposed to ionizing radiation is an oblig-atory component of radiation sickness stage verification. The recommended method of cytogenetic data evaluationbefore and at the beginning of detoxification therapy provides a satisfactory level of diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Djomina
- R. E. Kavetsky Institute Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of National Academy Science of Ukraine, 45 Vasylkivska Str., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - V V Talko
- SI «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» (NRCRM), 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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Silvera Redondo C, Avendaño Capriles CA, Fernández Sánchez D, David Espinosa R, Acostamadiedo Marx AS. 19p13.3 Deletion With Polyotia: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2021; 13:e19661. [PMID: 34976455 PMCID: PMC8680017 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations at chromosome 19 are rare, and reports in the literature are scarce and clinically variable. This chromosome has a high genetic density, and hence a given deletion can cause distinctive effects on body systems and, in addition, result in a characteristic phenotype. We report the case of a patient who presented with distinctive signs and symptoms such as delayed psychomotor development, severe postnatal delay, dolichocephaly, polyotia, and ocular hypertelorism. Even though all cases with a chromosome 19 deletion do not present in the same way, they still share some clinical manifestations that should be considered, which prompted us to present a summary of the available literature on the subject. Additionally, to our knowledge, this is the first and only case with polyotia in its phenotype to be reported in Colombia to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilo Andrés Avendaño Capriles
- Foundations of Clinical Research (FCR) Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, COL
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Bisht K, Walker B, Kumar SK, Spicka I, Moreau P, Martin T, Costa LJ, Richter J, Fukao T, Macé S, van de Velde H. Chromosomal 1q21 abnormalities in multiple myeloma: a review of translational, clinical research, and therapeutic strategies. Expert Rev Hematol 2021; 14:1099-1114. [PMID: 34551651 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2021.1983427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease with a median overall survival of approximately 5 years. Gain or amplification of 1q21 (1q21+) occurs in around 40% of patients with MM and generally portends a poor prognosis. Patients with MM who harbor 1q21+ are at increased risk of drug resistance, disease progression, and death. New pharmacotherapies with novel modes of action are required to overcome the negative prognostic impact of 1q21+. Areas covered: This review discusses the detection, biology, prognosis, and therapeutic targeting of 1q21+ in newly diagnosed and relapsed MM. Patients with MM and 1q21+ tend to present with higher tumor burden, greater end-organ damage, and more co-occurring high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities than patients without 1q21+. The chromosomal rearrangements associated with 1q21+ result in dysregulation of genes involved in oncogenesis. Identification and characterization of the 1q21+ molecular targets are needed to inform on prognosis and treatment strategy. Clinical trial data are emerging that addition of isatuximab to combination therapies may improve outcomes in patients with 1q21+ MM. Expert opinion: In the next 5 years, the results of ongoing research and trials are likely to focus on the therapeutic impact and treatment decisions associated with 1q21+ in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Bisht
- Oncology Therapeutic Area, Sanofi Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian Walker
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shaji K Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ivan Spicka
- First Department of Medicine, Department of Hematology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Tom Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luciano J Costa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joshua Richter
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Taro Fukao
- Oncology Therapeutic Area, Sanofi Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sandrine Macé
- Sanofi Research and Development, Sanofi, Vitry-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Helgi van de Velde
- Oncology Therapeutic Area, Sanofi Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Embriaco A, Ramos R, Carante M, Ferrari A, Sala P, Vercesi V, Ballarini F. Healthy Tissue Damage Following Cancer Ion Therapy: A Radiobiological Database Predicting Lymphocyte Chromosome Aberrations Based on the BIANCA Biophysical Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10877. [PMID: 34639218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome aberrations are widely considered among the best biomarkers of radiation health risk due to their relationship with late cancer incidence. In particular, aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) can be regarded as indicators of hematologic toxicity, which is a major limiting factor of radiotherapy total dose. In this framework, a radiobiological database describing the induction of PBL dicentrics as a function of ion type and energy was developed by means of the BIANCA (BIophysical ANalysis of Cell death and chromosome Aberrations) biophysical model, which has been previously applied to predict the effectiveness of therapeutic-like ion beams at killing tumour cells. This database was then read by the FLUKA Monte Carlo transport code, thus allowing us to calculate the Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) for dicentric induction along therapeutic C-ion beams. A comparison with previous results showed that, while in the higher-dose regions (e.g., the Spread-Out Bragg Peak, SOBP), the RBE for dicentrics was lower than that for cell survival. In the lower-dose regions (e.g., the fragmentation tail), the opposite trend was observed. This work suggests that, at least for some irradiation scenarios, calculating the biological effectiveness of a hadrontherapy beam solely based on the RBE for cell survival may lead to an underestimation of the risk of (late) damage to healthy tissues. More generally, following this work, BIANCA has gained the capability of providing RBE predictions not only for cell killing, but also for healthy tissue damage.
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Hai Long N, Danh Cuong T, Toan Anh N. Relation Between Increased Fetal Nuchal Translucency Thickness and Chromosomal Defects in Northern Vietnam. Cureus 2021; 13:e18446. [PMID: 34745772 PMCID: PMC8563143 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the prevalence of all chromosomal defects amongst fetuses with increased nuchal translucency thickness (NT). Methods This is a retrospective study amongst pregnant women indicated for amniocentesis by nuchal translucency above 3.0 mm and consent to the study. A total of 2,720 cases were recruited during the six-year period from 2015 to 2020. All singleton pregnancies were offered fetal karyotype when the fetal nuchal translucency was ≥2.5 mm. The prevalence of chromosomal defects was divided into five NT categories: 2.5-3.4 mm, 3.5-4.4 mm, 4.5-5.4 mm, 5.5-6.4 mm, ≥6.5 mm. Results The study identified 2,720 amniocentesis for increased NT. The mean maternal age was 29.19 (range 17-46) years, and the mean fetal crown-rump length was 66.9 (range 45-84) mm. The fetal karyotype was abnormal in 560 (20.6%) participants. The most frequent chromosomal disorders were trisomy 21 (55%), trisomy 18 (11.2%), trisomy 13 (3.9%), 45,XO (2.7%). The prevalence of chromosomal aberrations was ranged from 17.9% (NT between 2.5-3.4 mm) to 29.7% (NT≥6.5 mm). A majority of fetuses with trisomy 13, 18, or 21 has NT measurement lower than 5.5 mm. In those with Turner syndrome, there was no difference between the group with NT <5.5 mm and the group with NT ≥5.5 mm. Increased maternal age is a risk factor for chromosomal aberrations with the rate increased from 17.6% at the youngest maternal age of 30-34 to 34% at maternal age of 35-39 and to 50% at maternal age of ≥40. Conclusion In fetuses with increased NT, more than a half of the chromosomal abnormalities were affected by defects other than trisomy 21. The distribution of NT was different between Turner syndrome and trisomy 13, 18, 21 syndromes. Women aged 35 years or older had a higher risk of chromosomal aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hai Long
- Department of Obstetrics, Haiphong Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haiphong, VNM
| | - Tran Danh Cuong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, VNM
| | - Ngo Toan Anh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi, VNM
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Richardson PG, Schjesvold F, Weisel K, Moreau P, Anderson LD, White D, Rodriguez-Otero P, Sonneveld P, Engelhardt M, Jenner M, Corso A, Dürig J, Pavic M, Salomo M, Beksac M, Oriol A, Lindsay J, Liberati AM, Galli M, Robak P, Larocca A, Yagci M, Vural F, Kanate AS, Jiang R, Grote L, Peluso T, Dimopoulos M. Pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone at first relapse in lenalidomide-pretreated myeloma: A subanalysis of OPTIMISMM by clinical characteristics. Eur J Haematol 2021; 108:73-83. [PMID: 34496096 PMCID: PMC9293199 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective We evaluated the efficacy and safety of pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (PVd) vs bortezomib and dexamethasone (Vd) by age, renal function, and high‐risk cytogenetic abnormalities in lenalidomide‐pretreated patients with multiple myeloma at first relapse. Methods OPTIMISMM was a phase 3, multicenter, open‐label, randomized study (NCT01734928; N = 559). The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). Results Overall, 226 patients had received one prior line of therapy. PVd significantly prolonged PFS vs Vd in patients aged ≤65 years (median, 22.0 vs 13.1 months; P = .0258) and >65 years (median, 17.6 vs 9.9 months; P = .0369). Median PFS in patients with renal impairment (RI; creatinine clearance <60 mL/min) was 15.1 months with PVd vs 9.5 months with Vd (hazard ratio [HR], 0.67 [95% CI, 0.34‐1.34]). In patients without RI, median PFS was 22.0 vs 13.1 months (HR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.27‐0.76]). In patients with high‐risk cytogenetics, median PFS was 14.7 vs 9.9 months (HR, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.13‐1.17]). PVd significantly improved overall response rate vs Vd in all subgroups. The safety profile of PVd was consistent with previous reports. Conclusions These findings confirmed the benefits of PVd at first relapse, including in patients with poor prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fredrik Schjesvold
- Oslo Myeloma Center at Oslo University Hospital, KG Jebsen Center for B-Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katja Weisel
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Larry D Anderson
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Darrell White
- Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan Dürig
- University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michel Pavic
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Sherbrooke (CHUS), Centre de Recherche Clinique Etienne-Le Bel (CRCELB) Hopital Fleurimont, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Morten Salomo
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Albert Oriol
- Institut Català d'Oncologia I Institut Josep Carreras, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jindriska Lindsay
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Canterbury, UK
| | | | - Monica Galli
- Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, U.O. di Ematologia, Ispedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | - Munci Yagci
- Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Ruiyun Jiang
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lara Grote
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Teresa Peluso
- Celgene International Sàrl, a Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Boudry, Switzerland
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Abstract
PURPOSE My journey to the stars began as I - along with the whole world - stood still and watched Neil Armstrong take those first small steps on the Moon. Fast forward 50 years and NASA astronauts Scott Kelly and Christina Koch each spend nearly a year in space aboard the International Space Station (ISS), a remarkable multinational collaborative project and floating U.S. National Laboratory that has supported continuous human presence in low Earth orbit for the past 20 years. Marking a new era of human space exploration, the first commercial rocket, SpaceX Falcon 9, recently launched NASA astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken in the Crew Dragon spacecraft Endeavor to the ISS and returned safely to Earth. NASA and its commercial partners are rapidly advancing innovative space technologies, and with the recently announced Artemis team of astronauts, plans to send the first woman and next man back to the moon and establish sustainable exploration by the end of the decade. Humankind will then be poised to take the next giant leap - pioneering human exploration of Mars. CONCLUSIONS Historically, fewer than 600 individuals have participated in spaceflight, the vast majority of whom have been middle aged males (35-55 years) on short duration missions (less than 20 days). Thus, as the number and diversity of space travelers increase, a better understanding of how long-duration spaceflight affects human health is essential to maintaining individual astronaut performance during, and improving disease and aging trajectories following, future exploration missions. Here, I review findings from our NASA Twins Study and Telomeres investigations, highlighting potential mechanistic roles of chronic space radiation exposure in changes in telomere length and persistent DNA damage responses associated with long-duration spaceflight. Importantly, similar trends were observed in prostate cancer patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), additional support specifically for the role of radiation exposure. Individual differences in response were also observed in both cohorts, underscoring the importance of developing personalized approaches for evaluating human health effects and long-term outcomes associated with radiation exposures, whether on Earth or living in the extreme environment of space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Bailey
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jared J Luxton
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Miles J McKenna
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lynn E Taylor
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Llimpe Y. Cytogenetic risk groups for childhood acute myeloid leukemia based on survival analysis in a cancer referral hospital from Perú. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 41:302-13. [PMID: 34214271 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by immature myeloid cell proliferation. Cytogenetic analysis has revealed the presence of chromosomal aberrations important to patient prognosis.
Objective: To determine cytogenetic risk groups of pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia according to overall survival.
Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, the clinical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with de novo acute myeloid leukemia admitted to the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas between 2001 and 2011 with cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow were included. Cytogenetic risk groups were established according to the criteria of the Medical Research Council. Overall survival curves were generated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Mantel-Cox test and Cox regression with the software R, version 3.3.2.
Results: A total of 130 patients were included, 68 males (52.3%) and 62 females (47.7%), most of them with subtype M2 (33%). The average age was 7.7 years (range: 0-15 years). Chromosomal aberrations were observed in 60.8% of the patients, the most frequent of which was the translocation t(8;21). According to the overall survival analysis, two cytogenetic risk groups were established: favorable and unfavorable.
Conclusion: Two groups of cytogenetic risk were determined: high (or unfavorable) and standard (favorable).
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Bláha P, Feoli C, Agosteo S, Calvaruso M, Cammarata FP, Catalano R, Ciocca M, Cirrone GAP, Conte V, Cuttone G, Facoetti A, Forte GI, Giuffrida L, Magro G, Margarone D, Minafra L, Petringa G, Pucci G, Ricciardi V, Rosa E, Russo G, Manti L. The Proton-Boron Reaction Increases the Radiobiological Effectiveness of Clinical Low- and High-Energy Proton Beams: Novel Experimental Evidence and Perspectives. Front Oncol 2021; 11:682647. [PMID: 34262867 PMCID: PMC8274279 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protontherapy is a rapidly expanding radiotherapy modality where accelerated proton beams are used to precisely deliver the dose to the tumor target but is generally considered ineffective against radioresistant tumors. Proton-Boron Capture Therapy (PBCT) is a novel approach aimed at enhancing proton biological effectiveness. PBCT exploits a nuclear fusion reaction between low-energy protons and 11B atoms, i.e. p+11B→ 3α (p-B), which is supposed to produce highly-DNA damaging α-particles exclusively across the tumor-conformed Spread-Out Bragg Peak (SOBP), without harming healthy tissues in the beam entrance channel. To confirm previous work on PBCT, here we report new in-vitro data obtained at the 62-MeV ocular melanoma-dedicated proton beamline of the INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Catania, Italy. For the first time, we also tested PBCT at the 250-MeV proton beamline used for deep-seated cancers at the Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO), Pavia, Italy. We used Sodium Mercaptododecaborate (BSH) as 11B carrier, DU145 prostate cancer cells to assess cell killing and non-cancer epithelial breast MCF-10A cells for quantifying chromosome aberrations (CAs) by FISH painting and DNA repair pathway protein expression by western blotting. Cells were exposed at various depths along the two clinical SOBPs. Compared to exposure in the absence of boron, proton irradiation in the presence of BSH significantly reduced DU145 clonogenic survival and increased both frequency and complexity of CAs in MCF-10A cells at the mid- and distal SOBP positions, but not at the beam entrance. BSH-mediated enhancement of DNA damage response was also found at mid-SOBP. These results corroborate PBCT as a strategy to render protontherapy amenable towards radiotherapy-resilient tumor. If coupled with emerging proton FLASH radiotherapy modalities, PBCT could thus widen the protontherapy therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Bláha
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Feoli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Agosteo
- Energy Department, Politecnico di Milano, and INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Calvaruso
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBFM-CNR), Cefalù, Italy.,Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Cammarata
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBFM-CNR), Cefalù, Italy.,Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), INFN, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Mario Ciocca
- Medical Physics Unit & Research Department, Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO) & INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Conte
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), INFN, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Angelica Facoetti
- Medical Physics Unit & Research Department, Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO) & INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giusi Irma Forte
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBFM-CNR), Cefalù, Italy.,Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Giuffrida
- Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI)-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics (FZU), Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Giuseppe Magro
- Medical Physics Unit & Research Department, Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO) & INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Margarone
- Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI)-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics (FZU), Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Luigi Minafra
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBFM-CNR), Cefalù, Italy.,Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - Giada Petringa
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), INFN, Catania, Italy.,Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI)-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics (FZU), Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Gaia Pucci
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBFM-CNR), Cefalù, Italy.,Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STeBiCeF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Ricciardi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Mathematics & Physics, Università L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Enrico Rosa
- Radiation Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics "E. Pancini", Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Russo
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBFM-CNR), Cefalù, Italy.,Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), INFN, Catania, Italy.,The Sicilian Center of Nuclear Physics and the Structure of Matter (CSFNSM), Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Manti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Radiation Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics "E. Pancini", Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Siri SO, Martino J, Gottifredi V. Structural Chromosome Instability: Types, Origins, Consequences, and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3056. [PMID: 34205328 PMCID: PMC8234978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) refers to an increased rate of acquisition of numerical and structural changes in chromosomes and is considered an enabling characteristic of tumors. Given its role as a facilitator of genomic changes, CIN is increasingly being considered as a possible therapeutic target, raising the question of which variables may convert CIN into an ally instead of an enemy during cancer treatment. This review discusses the origins of structural chromosome abnormalities and the cellular mechanisms that prevent and resolve them, as well as how different CIN phenotypes relate to each other. We discuss the possible fates of cells containing structural CIN, focusing on how a few cell duplication cycles suffice to induce profound CIN-mediated genome alterations. Because such alterations can promote tumor adaptation to treatment, we discuss currently proposed strategies to either avoid CIN or enhance CIN to a level that is no longer compatible with cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Omar Siri
- Cell Cycle and Genome Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir, C1405 BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1405 BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Martino
- Cell Cycle and Genome Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir, C1405 BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Vanesa Gottifredi
- Cell Cycle and Genome Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir, C1405 BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1405 BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Burroughs Garcìa J, Eufemiese RA, Storti P, Sammarelli G, Craviotto L, Todaro G, Toscani D, Marchica V, Giuliani N. Role of 1q21 in Multiple Myeloma: From Pathogenesis to Possible Therapeutic Targets. Cells 2021; 10:1360. [PMID: 34205916 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by an accumulation of malignant plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow (BM). The amplification of 1q21 is one of the most common cytogenetic abnormalities occurring in around 40% of de novo patients and 70% of relapsed/refractory MM. Patients with this unfavorable cytogenetic abnormality are considered to be high risk with a poor response to standard therapies. The gene(s) driving amplification of the 1q21 amplicon has not been fully studied. A number of clear candidates are under investigation, and some of them (IL6R, ILF2, MCL-1, CKS1B and BCL9) have been recently proposed to be potential drivers of this region. However, much remains to be learned about the biology of the genes driving the disease progression in MM patients with 1q21 amp. Understanding the mechanisms of these genes is important for the development of effective targeted therapeutic approaches to treat these patients for whom effective therapies are currently lacking. In this paper, we review the current knowledge about the pathological features, the mechanism of 1q21 amplification, and the signal pathway of the most relevant candidate genes that have been suggested as possible therapeutic targets for the 1q21 amplicon.
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40
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Berntsen S, Laivuori H, la Cour Freiesleben N, Loft A, Söderström-Anttila V, B Oldereid N, Romundstad LB, Magnusson Å, Petzold M, Bergh C, Pinborg A. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between ICSI and chromosome abnormalities. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:801-847. [PMID: 33956940 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the decade following the introduction of ICSI, a higher prevalence of de novo chromosome abnormalities, in particular sex chromosome and autosomal structural abnormalities, as well as inherited abnormalities was described in children conceived by ICSI compared to both naturally conceived (NC) children and children conceived by standard IVF. The explanation for the observed increase in prevalence is not clear and has been suggested to reflect parental factors (e.g. age or sperm quality) or to be a result of the ICSI procedure itself. Over the years, the procedure, as well as the patient group, and indications for ICSI treatment have changed. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of chromosome abnormalities in ICSI pregnancies and children and to examine any potentially increased risk compared to standard IVF and NC. SEARCH METHODS Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Libraries and Web of Science up to October 2020 were searched. Primary outcome measures were overall chromosome abnormalities and de novo abnormalities (including sex chromosome abnormalities and autosomal abnormalities). The secondary outcome was inherited abnormalities. We followed the PRISMA guidelines and relevant meta-analyses were performed. OUTCOMES The search included 4648 articles, out of which 27 met the inclusion criteria, and 19 were included in quantitative synthesis (meta-analyses). The prevalence of chromosome abnormalities varied considerably between studies, possibly explained by large differences in sample size and patient demographics. Only five studies were eligible for pooled analyses on adjusted data. All studies had a critical risk of bias. Results from pooled adjusted data showed no evidence of an increased risk of overall chromosome abnormalities when comparing ICSI to either standard IVF (aOR 0.75 (95% CI 0.41-1.38)) or NC (aOR 1.29 (95% CI 0.69-2.43)). In contrast, meta-analyses on unadjusted data showed an increased risk of overall chromosome abnormalities in ICSI compared to both standard IVF (OR 1.42 (95% CI 1.09-1.85)) and NC (OR 2.46 (95% CI 1.52-3.99)) and an increased risk of de novo abnormalities in ICSI compared to NC (OR 2.62 (95% CI 2.07-3.31)). Yet, based on a very low certainty of evidence, the conclusion remains, that no indication of an increased risk of chromosome abnormalities in ICSI offspring could be found. If an increased risk of chromosome abnormalities in selected ICSI offspring should exist, the absolute risk continues to be small. WIDER IMPLICATIONS This review provides an extensive overview of the existing evidence on the relationship between ICSI and chromosome abnormalities in the offspring. We highlight the need for well-designed large, prospective, controlled studies with systematic cytogenetic testing. Existing data are limited and, in many cases, marred by critical levels of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sine Berntsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Elämänaukio, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina la Cour Freiesleben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anne Loft
- Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Viveca Söderström-Anttila
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Liv Bente Romundstad
- Spiren Fertility Clinic, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åsa Magnusson
- Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Max Petzold
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Bergh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Reproductive Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anja Pinborg
- Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gorunova L, Bjerkehagen B, Micci F, Heim S, Panagopoulos I. Cytogenetic and Molecular Study of an Adult Sclerosing Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Extremity: MYOD1-mutation and Clonal Evolution. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:563-569. [PMID: 32859634 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma is a genomically heterogeneous, uncommon subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma, particularly rare in adults. Its MYOD1-mutant variant is aggressive irrespective of age. Cytogenetic data on spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma are sparse and disparate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytogenetic and molecular analyses were performed on an adult sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma. RESULTS The karyotype of the sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma displayed clonal evolution corresponding to two hyperdiploid clones: 48,XY,+i(19)(p10),+22/48,idem,der(9)t(2;9)(q21~22;p21). The changes were gain of chromosome 19 with the overrepresentation of 19p arm, gain of chromosome 22, gain of the 2q arm, and loss of 9p21. Mutation analysis revealed a homozygous c.T365G (p.L122R) mutation of the MYOD1 gene, but none of PIK3CA. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first adult MYOD1-mutant sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma studied cytogenetically. The only other reported sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma with MYOD1 mutation and abnormal karyotype was pediatric. Since these tumors are highly aggressive, further studies unravelling their cytogenetic and molecular characteristics are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Gorunova
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bodil Bjerkehagen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Privitera AP, Barresi V, Condorelli DF. Aberrations of Chromosomes 1 and 16 in Breast Cancer: A Framework for Cooperation of Transcriptionally Dysregulated Genes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1585. [PMID: 33808143 PMCID: PMC8037453 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivative chromosome der(1;16), isochromosome 1q, and deleted 16q-producing arm-level 1q-gain and/or 16q-loss-are recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities in breast cancer, but their exact role in determining the malignant phenotype is still largely unknown. We exploited The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data to generate and analyze groups of breast invasive carcinomas, called 1,16-chromogroups, that are characterized by a pattern of arm-level somatic copy number aberrations congruent with known cytogenetic aberrations of chromosome 1 and 16. Substantial differences were found among 1,16-chromogroups in terms of other chromosomal aberrations, aneuploidy scores, transcriptomic data, single-point mutations, histotypes, and molecular subtypes. Breast cancers with a co-occurrence of 1q-gain and 16q-loss can be distinguished in a "low aneuploidy score" group, congruent to der(1;16), and a "high aneuploidy score" group, congruent to the co-occurrence of isochromosome 1q and deleted 16q. Another three groups are formed by cancers showing separately 1q-gain or 16q-loss or no aberrations of 1q and 16q. Transcriptome comparisons among the 1,16-chromogroups, integrated with functional pathway analysis, suggested the cooperation of overexpressed 1q genes and underexpressed 16q genes in the genesis of both ductal and lobular carcinomas, thus highlighting the putative role of genes encoding gamma-secretase subunits (APH1A, PSEN2, and NCSTN) and Wnt enhanceosome components (BCL9 and PYGO2) in 1q, and the glycoprotein E-cadherin (CDH1), the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase WWP2, the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD, and the transcription factor CBFB in 16q. The analysis of 1,16-chromogroups is a strategy with far-reaching implications for the selection of cancer cell models and novel experimental therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenza Barresi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89-97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Daniele Filippo Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89-97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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Mascolo E, Liguori F, Stufera Mecarelli L, Amoroso N, Merigliano C, Amadio S, Volonté C, Contestabile R, Tramonti A, Vernì F. Functional Inactivation of Drosophila GCK Orthologs Causes Genomic Instability and Oxidative Stress in a Fly Model of MODY-2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020918. [PMID: 33477627 PMCID: PMC7831483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) type 2 is caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations in the gene encoding glucokinase (GCK), a pivotal enzyme for glucose homeostasis. In the pancreas GCK regulates insulin secretion, while in the liver it promotes glucose utilization and storage. We showed that silencing the DrosophilaGCK orthologs Hex-A and Hex-C results in a MODY-2-like hyperglycemia. Targeted knock-down revealed that Hex-A is expressed in insulin producing cells (IPCs) whereas Hex-C is specifically expressed in the fat body. We showed that Hex-A is essential for insulin secretion and it is required for Hex-C expression. Reduced levels of either Hex-A or Hex-C resulted in chromosome aberrations (CABs), together with an increased production of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This result suggests that CABs, in GCK depleted cells, are likely due to hyperglycemia, which produces oxidative stress through AGE metabolism. In agreement with this hypothesis, treating GCK-depleted larvae with the antioxidant vitamin B6 rescued CABs, whereas the treatment with a B6 inhibitor enhanced genomic instability. Although MODY-2 rarely produces complications, our data revealed the possibility that MODY-2 impacts genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mascolo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (L.S.M.); (N.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Francesco Liguori
- Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (S.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Lorenzo Stufera Mecarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (L.S.M.); (N.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Noemi Amoroso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (L.S.M.); (N.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Chiara Merigliano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (L.S.M.); (N.A.); (C.M.)
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Susanna Amadio
- Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (S.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Cinzia Volonté
- Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (S.A.); (C.V.)
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “A. Ruberti”, National Research Council (IASI-CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Contestabile
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Angela Tramonti
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (A.T.)
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Vernì
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (L.S.M.); (N.A.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Vinnikov V, Hande MP, Wilkins R, Wojcik A, Zubizarreta E, Belyakov O. Prediction of the Acute or Late Radiation Toxicity Effects in Radiotherapy Patients Using Ex Vivo Induced Biodosimetric Markers: A Review. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E285. [PMID: 33339312 PMCID: PMC7766345 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A search for effective methods for the assessment of patients' individual response to radiation is one of the important tasks of clinical radiobiology. This review summarizes available data on the use of ex vivo cytogenetic markers, typically used for biodosimetry, for the prediction of individual clinical radiosensitivity (normal tissue toxicity, NTT) in cells of cancer patients undergoing therapeutic irradiation. In approximately 50% of the relevant reports, selected for the analysis in peer-reviewed international journals, the average ex vivo induced yield of these biodosimetric markers was higher in patients with severe reactions than in patients with a lower grade of NTT. Also, a significant correlation was sometimes found between the biodosimetric marker yield and the severity of acute or late NTT reactions at an individual level, but this observation was not unequivocally proven. A similar controversy of published results was found regarding the attempts to apply G2- and γH2AX foci assays for NTT prediction. A correlation between ex vivo cytogenetic biomarker yields and NTT occurred most frequently when chromosome aberrations (not micronuclei) were measured in lymphocytes (not fibroblasts) irradiated to relatively high doses (4-6 Gy, not 2 Gy) in patients with various grades of late (not early) radiotherapy (RT) morbidity. The limitations of existing approaches are discussed, and recommendations on the improvement of the ex vivo cytogenetic testing for NTT prediction are provided. However, the efficiency of these methods still needs to be validated in properly organized clinical trials involving large and verified patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Vinnikov
- S.P. Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology, National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, 61024 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Manoor Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD9, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
| | - Ruth Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada;
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, MBW Department, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, Room 515, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Eduardo Zubizarreta
- Section of Applied Radiation Biology and Radiotherapy, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Oleg Belyakov
- Section of Applied Radiation Biology and Radiotherapy, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria;
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45
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Pignata L, Palumbo O, Cerrato F, Acurzio B, de Álava E, Roma J, Gallego S, Mora J, Carella M, Riccio A, Verde G. Both Epimutations and Chromosome Aberrations Affect Multiple Imprinted Loci in Aggressive Wilms Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113411. [PMID: 33217932 PMCID: PMC7698742 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryonal renal cancer Wilms tumor (WT) accounts for 7% of all children's malignancies. Its most frequent molecular defect is represented by DNA methylation abnormalities at the imprinted 11p15.5 region. Multiple imprinted methylation alterations dictated by chromosome copy-number variations have been recently demonstrated in adult cancers, raising the question of whether multiple imprinted loci were also affected in WT. To address this issue, we analyzed DNA methylation and chromosome profiles of 7 imprinted loci in 48 WT samples. The results demonstrated that methylation abnormalities of multiple imprinted loci occurred in 35% of the cases, but that they were associated with either chromosome aberrations or normal chromosome profiles. Multiple imprinted methylation changes were correlated with tumor stage and presence of metastasis, indicating that these epimutations were more frequent in highly aggressive tumors. When chromosome profiles were affected, these alterations were extended to flanking cancer driver genes. Overall, this study demonstrates the presence of multiple imprinted methylation defects in aggressive WTs and suggests that the mechanism by which they arise in embryonal and adult cancers is different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pignata
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (L.P.); (F.C.)
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ‘Adriano Buzzati-Traverso’ CNR, 80131-Napoli, Italy;
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy; (O.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Flavia Cerrato
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (L.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Basilia Acurzio
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ‘Adriano Buzzati-Traverso’ CNR, 80131-Napoli, Italy;
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 08035 Seville, Spain
| | - Josep Roma
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Soledad Gallego
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Jaume Mora
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Massimo Carella
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy; (O.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (L.P.); (F.C.)
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ‘Adriano Buzzati-Traverso’ CNR, 80131-Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (G.V.)
| | - Gaetano Verde
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (L.P.); (F.C.)
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ‘Adriano Buzzati-Traverso’ CNR, 80131-Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (G.V.)
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Kutsunugi S, Tsujino K, Murakami K, Iida K, Gima T, Endoh Y, Tamashiro Y, Stone TE, Kobayashi J. Mothers' experiences of parenting a child with chromosomal structural abnormalities: The journey to acceptance. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2020; 18:e12387. [PMID: 33025752 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the process mothers go through in coming to terms with raising a child with chromosomal structural abnormalities. METHODS Sixteen mothers living in Japan were interviewed and a modified grounded theory approach was used for the analysis. RESULTS A total of 35 concepts, nine subcategories, and six categories were extracted. The six categories were: (a) Concern about abnormalities; (b) A healthy child is considered as a standard; (c) Deepening attachment to the child; (d) Acceptance of the child as s/he is; (e) Changing attitude toward disabilities; (f) Creating a frontier for other mothers. The parenting journey meant that parents did not move in a straightforward way from the beginning of the process to the endpoint but instead moved between "Deepening attachment to the child" and "Acceptance of the child as s/he is" before they moved ahead. CONCLUSION Having support and meeting peers of mothers with similar issues is essential for mothers to review their perspectives that healthy children are the standard against which to measure their child and to motivate them to raise their children, but it was extremely difficult to have such opportunities due to rarity of the disorder. It is crucial to accumulate more practical information so that mothers can access and use it. Mothers also need support to enhance their self-worth while giving due consideration to the possibility that they may be conscious of being stigmatized. Nurses need to advocate for these children and families to get the appropriate help, understanding and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Kutsunugi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kumiko Tsujino
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Kyoko Murakami
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazuko Iida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tsugiko Gima
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Yumiko Endoh
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Yoko Tamashiro
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Teresa E Stone
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
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47
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Mehrjardi NZ, Molcanyi M, Hatay FF, Timmer M, Shahbazi E, Ackermann JP, Herms S, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Wunderlich TF, Prochnow N, Haghikia A, Lampert A, Hescheler J, Neugebauer EAM, Baharvand H, Šarić T. Acquisition of chromosome 1q duplication in parental and genome-edited human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells results in their higher proliferation rate in vitro and in vivo. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12892. [PMID: 32918782 PMCID: PMC7574866 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Genetic engineering of human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neural stem cells (hiPSC‐NSC) may increase the risk of genomic aberrations. Therefore, we asked whether genetic modification of hiPSC‐NSCs exacerbates chromosomal abnormalities that may occur during passaging and whether they may cause any functional perturbations in NSCs in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods The transgenic cassette was inserted into the AAVS1 locus, and the genetic integrity of zinc‐finger nuclease (ZFN)‐modified hiPSC‐NSCs was assessed by the SNP‐based karyotyping. The hiPSC‐NSC proliferation was assessed in vitro by the EdU incorporation assay and in vivo by staining of brain slices with Ki‐67 antibody at 2 and 8 weeks after transplantation of ZFN‐NSCs with and without chromosomal aberration into the striatum of immunodeficient rats. Results During early passages, no chromosomal abnormalities were detected in unmodified or ZFN‐modified hiPSC‐NSCs. However, at higher passages both cell populations acquired duplication of the entire long arm of chromosome 1, dup(1)q. ZNF‐NSCs carrying dup(1)q exhibited higher proliferation rate than karyotypically intact cells, which was partly mediated by increased expression of AKT3 located on Chr1q. Compared to karyotypically normal ZNF‐NSCs, cells with dup(1)q also exhibited increased proliferation in vivo 2 weeks, but not 2 months, after transplantation. Conclusions These results demonstrate that, independently of ZFN‐editing, hiPSC‐NSCs have a propensity for acquiring dup(1)q and this aberration results in increased proliferation which might compromise downstream hiPSC‐NSC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Zare Mehrjardi
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marek Molcanyi
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Firuze Fulya Hatay
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marco Timmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ebrahim Shahbazi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Justus P Ackermann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, Medical Genetics, Research Group Genomics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas F Wunderlich
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research and Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Nora Prochnow
- Clinic for Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Clinic of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aiden Haghikia
- Clinic for Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Clinic of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Angelika Lampert
- Institute of Physiology, Uniklinik, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Edmund A M Neugebauer
- Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Campus Neuruppin, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tomo Šarić
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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48
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Zahnreich S, Poplawski A, Hartel C, Eckhard LS, Galetzka D, Hankeln T, Löbrich M, Marron M, Mirsch J, Ritter S, Scholz-Kreisel P, Spix C, Schmidberger H. Spontaneous and Radiation-Induced Chromosome Aberrations in Primary Fibroblasts of Patients With Pediatric First and Second Neoplasms. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1338. [PMID: 32850427 PMCID: PMC7427586 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether former childhood cancer patients who developed a subsequent secondary primary neoplasm (SPN) are characterized by elevated spontaneous chromosomal instability or cellular and chromosomal radiation sensitivity as surrogate markers of compromised DNA repair compared to childhood cancer patients with a first primary neoplasm (FPN) only or tumor-free controls. Primary skin fibroblasts were obtained in a nested case-control study including 23 patients with a pediatric FPN, 22 matched patients with a pediatric FPN and an SPN, and 22 matched tumor-free donors. Clonogenic cell survival and cytogenetic aberrations in Giemsa-stained first metaphases were assessed after X-irradiation in G1 or on prematurely condensed chromosomes of cells irradiated and analyzed in G2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to investigate spontaneous transmissible aberrations in selected donors. No significant difference in clonogenic survival or the average yield of spontaneous or radiation-induced aberrations was found between the study populations. However, two donors with an SPN showed striking spontaneous chromosomal instability occurring as high rates of numerical and structural aberrations or non-clonal and clonal translocations. No correlation was found between radiation sensitivity and a susceptibility to a pediatric FPN or a treatment-associated SPN. Together, the results of this unique case-control study show genomic stability and normal radiation sensitivity in normal somatic cells of donors with an early and high intrinsic or therapy-associated tumor risk. These findings provide valuable information for future studies on the etiology of sporadic childhood cancer and therapy-related SPN as well as for the establishment of predictive biomarkers based on altered DNA repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zahnreich
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alicia Poplawski
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carola Hartel
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lukas Stefan Eckhard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Danuta Galetzka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular Genetics and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Löbrich
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Manuela Marron
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiologic Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Johanna Mirsch
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sylvia Ritter
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Peter Scholz-Kreisel
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Spix
- German Childhood Cancer Registry, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz Schmidberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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49
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Xiao X, He X, Li Q, Zhang W, Zhu H, Yang W, Li Y, Geng L, Liu H, Li L, Wang H, Fu R, Zhao M, Chen Z, Shao Z. Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Array Technique Generating Valuable Risk-Stratification Information for Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Front Oncol 2020; 10:962. [PMID: 32733790 PMCID: PMC7358551 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chromosomal abnormalities play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). The single-nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-A) technique has gained popularity due to its improved resolution compared to that of metaphase cytogenetic (MC) analysis. Methods: A total of 376 individuals were recruited from two medical centers in China, including 350 patients and 26 healthy individuals. Among these patients, 200 were diagnosed with de novo MDS, 25 with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), 63 with primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 62 with idiopathic cytopenia of undetermined significance (ICUS). We evaluated the significance of abnormal chromosomes detected by SNP-A in the diagnosis and prognosis of MDS-related disorders. Results: (1) When certain chromosomal abnormalities could not be detected by conventional MC methods, these abnormalities could be detected more efficiently by the SNP-A method. With SNP-A, the detection rates of submicroscopic or cryptic aberrations in the MDS, MPN, and AML patients with normal MC findings were 32.8, 30.8, and 30%, respectively. (2) The chromosomal abnormalities detected by SNP-A had a very important value for the prognosis of patients with MDSs, especially in the low-risk group. The survival of patients with abnormal chromosomes detected by SNP-A was significantly lower than that of patients with no detected chromosomal abnormalities; this difference was observed in overall survival (OS) (P = 0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS) [24 months vs. not reach (NR); P = 0.008]. The patients with multiple chromosomal abnormalities detected by SNP-A had an inferior prognosis, and SNP-A abnormalities (≥3 per patient) were found to be an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with MDSs [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.40, P = 0.002]. (3) Patients with ICUS may progress to myeloid malignancies, but most patients often maintain a stable ICUS status for many years without progression. An ICUS patient found to have an MDS-related karyotype would be rediagnosed with MDS. SNP-A can efficiently detect chromosomal abnormalities, which would be important for assessing the evolution of ICUS. In our study, 17 ICUS patients with SNP-A-detected abnormalities developed typical MDSs. Conclusions: SNP-A can help evaluate the prognosis of patients with MDSs and better assess the risk of disease progression for patients with ICUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyuan He
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihong Yang
- Wuhan Kindstar Diagnostics Co./Kindstar Global Gene (Beijing) Technology, Inc., Wuhan, China
| | - Yuming Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Geng
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaquan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingfeng Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Wuhan Kindstar Diagnostics Co./Kindstar Global Gene (Beijing) Technology, Inc., Wuhan, China
| | - Zonghong Shao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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50
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Meistrich ML. Risks of genetic damage in offspring conceived using spermatozoa produced during chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Andrology 2020; 8:545-558. [PMID: 31821745 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who have just started cytotoxic therapy for cancer are uncertain and concerned about whether spermatozoa collected or pregnancies occurring during therapy might be transmitting genetic damage to offspring. There are no comprehensive guidelines on the risks of different doses of the various cytotoxic, and usually genotoxic, antineoplastic agents. OBJECTIVES To develop a schema showing the risks of mutagenic damage when spermatozoa, exposed to various genotoxic agents during spermatogenesis, are collected or used to produce a pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature review was performed updating the data on genetic and epigenetic effects of genotoxic agents on animal and human spermatozoa exposed during spermatogenic development. RESULTS Relevant data on human spermatozoa and offspring are extremely limited, but there are extensive genetic studies in experimental animals that define sensitivities for specific drugs and times. The animal data were extrapolated to humans based on the stage when the cells were exposed and the relative kinetics of spermatogenesis and were consistent with the limited human data. In humans, alkylating agents and radiation should already induce a high risk of mutations in spermatozoa produced within 1 or 2 weeks after initiation of therapy. Topoisomerase II inhibitors and possibly microtubule inhibitors produce the greatest risk at weeks 5-7 of therapy. Nucleoside analogs, antimetabolites, and bleomycin exert their mutagenic effects on spermatozoa collected at 7-10 weeks of therapy. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS A schema showing the time from initiation of therapy at which specific antineoplastic agents can cause significant levels of genetic damage in conceptuses and live offspring was developed. The estimates and methods for computing the level of such risk from an individual patient's treatment regimen will enable patients and counselors to make informed decisions on the use of spermatozoa or continuation of a pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin L Meistrich
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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