1
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Overduin-de Vries AM, Vermande MM, Hessen DJ, Sterck EHM. The ability to inhibit impulses is related to social behavior in long-tailed macaques. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23587. [PMID: 38145328 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Performance in cognitive tasks has been linked to differences in species' social organization, yet to understand its function its relationship to within-species variation in behavior should also be explored. One important cognitive capacity, the ability to inhibit impulses, is typically better in egalitarian than despotic primate species and in primate species with strong fission-fusion dynamics. A different line of research indicates that a high ability to inhibit impulses is related to less aggressive behavior and more socio-positive behavior. However, within species the relationship between performance on cognitive inhibition tasks and variation in social behavior remains to be explored. Here we investigate how performance in a typical inhibition task in cognitive research is related to aggressive and socio-positive behavior in despotic long-tailed macaques. Twenty individuals living in two naturalistic mixed-sex groups were tested with the Plexiglass Hole Task. Aggressive behavior and three types of socio-positive behavior (neutral/friendly approaches, socio-positive signaling, and grooming others) among group members were measured. Individuals differed in their ability to inhibit impulses. Individuals that were not good at inhibiting impulses showed higher rates of aggressive behavior, but also more socio-positive signals, whereas inhibition was not related to neutral/friendly approaches and grooming. These results confirm the positive link between impulsiveness and aggression. In addition, the results indicate that some social-positive behavior may be enhanced when inhibition is limited. In this species, benefits potentially derived from aggression and socio-positive signals match a low ability to inhibit impulses, suggesting that a low ability to inhibit impulses may actually be advantageous. To understand differences between species in cognitive skills, understanding the benefits of variation in a cognitive capacity within a species is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Overduin-de Vries
- Animal Behaviour & Cognition, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn M Vermande
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David J Hessen
- Department of Methods and Statistics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth H M Sterck
- Animal Behaviour & Cognition, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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2
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Stevison LS, Bailey NP, Szpiech ZA, Novak TE, Melnick DJ, Evans BJ, Wall JD. Evolution of genes involved in the unusual genitals of the bear macaque, Macaca arctoides. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8897. [PMID: 35646310 PMCID: PMC9130562 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genital divergence is thought to contribute to reproductive barriers by establishing a “lock‐and‐key" mechanism for reproductive compatibility. One such example, Macaca arctoides, the bear macaque, has compensatory changes in both male and female genital morphology as compared to close relatives. M. arctoides also has a complex evolutionary history, having extensive introgression between the fascicularis and sinica macaque species groups. Here, phylogenetic relationships were analyzed via whole‐genome sequences from five species, including M. arctoides, and two species each from the putative parental species groups. This analysis revealed ~3x more genomic regions supported placement in the sinica species group as compared to the fascicularis species group. Additionally, introgression analysis of the M. arctoides genome revealed it is a mosaic of recent polymorphisms shared with both species groups. To examine the evolution of their unique genital morphology further, the prevalence of candidate genes involved in genital morphology was compared against genome‐wide outliers in various population genetic metrics of diversity, divergence, introgression, and selection, while accounting for background variation in recombination rate. This analysis identified 67 outlier genes, including several genes that influence baculum morphology in mice, which were of interest since the bear macaque has the longest primate baculum. The mean of four of the seven population genetic metrics was statistically different in the candidate genes as compared to the rest of the genome, suggesting that genes involved in genital morphology have increased divergence and decreased diversity beyond expectations. These results highlight specific genes that may have played a role in shaping the unique genital morphology in the bear macaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie S Stevison
- Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Nick P Bailey
- Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Zachary A Szpiech
- Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA.,Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA.,Institute for Computational and Data Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Taylor E Novak
- Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Don J Melnick
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York New York USA
| | - Ben J Evans
- Biology Department McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Jeffrey D Wall
- Institute for Human Genetics University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California USA
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3
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Socio-sexual behaviors and fecal hormone metabolites but not age predict female aggressive interactions in Macaca arctoides. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Zhang Q, Sun L, Xia D, Li J. Female behavioral strategies during consortship in Tibetan macaques ( Macaca thibetana). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:9665-9675. [PMID: 34306652 PMCID: PMC8293731 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Consortship has been defined as a temporary association between an adult male and an estrous/receptive female. It has been considered as male mating strategies to improve male mating success and potential reproductive success. However, the female roles have been more or less neglected, and thus, less is known about female behavioral strategies during the consortship periods. In this study, during the two consecutive mating seasons, we collected behavioral data of free-ranging Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) habituated in Mt. Huangshan, China, to investigate female behaviors when she was consorted by an adult male. The results showed that (a) females were more likely to approach and exhibit sexual solicitation to their consorting males during the consorted period, and females also exhibited less approach to their nonconsorting males; (b) females exhibited strong responses (either departed distantly or formed affiliative relationships with their consorting male partner) when their consorting males mated with rival females or showed sexual motivation toward rival females; (c) female preferences were positively correlated to the duration of consortships and the frequencies of ejaculation copulations, independent of the social ranks of their consorting male partners. Our results suggested that female strategies played much more important roles in forming and maintaining consortship than previously assumed. It provides new insight into understanding female adaptive strategies to male strategies by forming consortships in multimale-multifemale primate species when males could not identify female's fertile phase accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi‐Xin Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyHefeiChina
| | - Lixing Sun
- Department of Biological SciencesCentral Washington UniversityEllensburgWAUSA
| | - Dong‐Po Xia
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyHefeiChina
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Jin‐Hua Li
- School of Resources and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyHefeiChina
- Schools of Life SciencesHefei Normal UniversityHefeiChina
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5
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Lhota S, Roubová V, Gregorová V, Konečná M. Complex patterns of grooming and sexual activity in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus). Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e23040. [PMID: 31429113 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Grooming in primates is often considered a "currency" that can be exchanged for other "services" or "commodities" such as reciprocal grooming, coalitionary support, infant handling, tolerance around food sources, active food sharing, or mating opportunities. Previous studies on primate grooming-for-sex exchange viewed the males as the demanding class, with the females as suppliers of mating opportunities. In this study, we examine the broader context of grooming-for-mating exchange in Barbary macaques in Gibraltar. Our data show that Barbary macaque males groom females with whom they are mating more frequently and for longer periods than other females, and the relationship between grooming and mating remains significant in both sexual and nonsexual contexts. In addition, females groomed males with whom they were mating more frequently and for longer periods than other males. In both sexes, grooming was observed to be far more frequent and to occur for longer durations in sexual compared to nonsexual contexts. We did not find any difference in grooming behavior between presexual and postsexual contexts. Our data suggest that there is no simple model to describe Barbary macaque grooming patterns in sexual contexts. Although our results are partly consistent with male use of grooming as payment for mating, broadly assessed grooming-mating patterns cannot be solely explained by a male-driven grooming-for-mating exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Lhota
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Ústí nad Labem Zoo, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Roubová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Gregorová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Konečná
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Girndt A, Chng CWT, Burke T, Schroeder J. Male age is associated with extra-pair paternity, but not with extra-pair mating behaviour. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8378. [PMID: 29849085 PMCID: PMC5976671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-pair paternity is the result of copulation between a female and a male other than her social partner. In socially monogamous birds, old males are most likely to sire extra-pair offspring. The male manipulation and female choice hypotheses predict that age-specific male mating behaviour could explain this old-over-young male advantage. These hypotheses have been difficult to test because copulations and the individuals involved are hard to observe. Here, we studied the mating behaviour and pairing contexts of captive house sparrows, Passer domesticus. Our set-up mimicked the complex social environment experienced by wild house sparrows. We found that middle-aged males, which would be considered old in natural populations, gained most extra-pair paternity. However, both, female solicitation behaviour and subsequent extra-pair matings were not associated with male age. Further, copulations were more likely when solicited by females than when initiated by males (i.e. unsolicited copulations). Male initiated within-pair copulations were more common than male initiated extra-pair copulations. To conclude, our results did not support either hypothesis regarding age-specific male mating behaviour. Instead, female choice, independent of male age, governed copulation success, especially in an extra-pair context. Post-copulatory mechanisms might determine why older males sire more extra-pair offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Girndt
- Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, United Kingdom.
- International Max-Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Organismal Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Charlotte Wen Ting Chng
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, United Kingdom
| | - Terry Burke
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Schroeder
- Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, United Kingdom
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7
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Overduin-de Vries AM, Spruijt BM, de Vries H, Sterck EHM. Tactical deception to hide sexual behaviour: macaques use distance, not visibility. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015; 69:1333-1342. [PMID: 26246655 PMCID: PMC4521099 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-1946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although tactical deception (TD) may be employed to hide sexual behaviour, there is as yet no firm evidence for it. Hiding may be guided by cognitive mechanisms consistent with either no, low or high level TD, such as exploiting male peripheral positions (no TD), creating distance (TD level 1) or hiding behind screens (TD level 1.5 which involves visual perspective taking (VPT)). Macaques are capable of VPT in a food context, suggesting that they may employ TD level 1.5. We investigated, in an observational study with temporarily provided hiding screens, which strategy was used to hide sexual behaviour in captive groups of two macaque species (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis). Sexual behaviour only sporadically took place near screens, and the few copulations near screens were not systematically hidden from the alpha male, precluding TD level 1.5. Instead, both females and non-alpha males were at a larger distance from the alpha male during sexual interactions than otherwise, consistent with TD level 1. Creating peripheral locations (TD level 1) may be effective in improving sexual opportunities in many species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Overduin-de Vries
- />Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- />Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - H. de Vries
- />Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E. H. M. Sterck
- />Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- />Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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8
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Wang SJ, Huang ZP, He YC, He XD, Li DH, Sun J, Cui LW, Xiao W. [Mating behavior and birth seasonality of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Mt. Lasha]. DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2012; 33:241-8. [PMID: 22653850 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1141.2012.03241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Copulation patterns are important to understanding male mating strategies and stabilization strategies of social organizations in primates. However, information on copulation patterns of Asian primates is relatively rare. This study was undertaken to collect data on mating behavior and birth seasonality of Black-and-white Snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) using all occurrence sampling and Focal animal-scan sampling methods at Mt. Lasha, between January and December, 2011. Our study focused on observing mating frequency and birth rates. Snub-nosed monkeys mate year round, with two observable peaks: one reproductive peak during the mating season, roughly from August to October, and a second non-breeding peak during the birth season. It is unclear what biological significance this non-reproductive mating peak has. During our observation, we noted a lower ratio of mount to ejaculation and rare ejaculatory copulations, which indicated that every mating would not result in ejaculation. This study corroborates the previous view that the Rhinopithecus bieti's copulatory pattern is likely multiple-mount ejaculation (MME) or at the upper part of mating continuum of single-mount ejaculation (SME) toward MME. More ejaculatory copulations initiated by males than females indicate that MME is not only a mating strategy of males, but that males can influence the position of their copulatory pattern on the continuum between SME and MME. The mating frequencies significantly correlated with the birth rates with a delay of 6 to 7 months. Monkeys gave birth within a strict seasonality with a birth peak of March, which confirms the previous view. Infants were born with a certain degree of synchronization, but different populations displayed different modes of synchronizations.
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9
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Alfaro JWL. Male mating strategies and reproductive constraints in a group of wild tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus). Am J Primatol 2006; 67:313-28. [PMID: 16287110 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) provide an extreme example of active female sexual solicitation of males. In spite of being targeted by females for sex, males may delay copulation for hours or days. Data were collected on the sexual interactions in one wild capuchin group at the Estação Biológica de Caratinga in Brazil from September 1996 to August 1997. All successful conceptions during this year occurred in the dry season, yet sexual behavior was observed during 9 months of the year. This study tested whether male sexual response to female proceptivity was seasonally-mediated. Male consortship participation, solicitation of females, latency to copulation, and copulation frequency were compared between fertile and nonconceptive females. Seasonal patterns in copulation interference, mating style, and alternative mating strategies were also examined. Thirty-two copulations were observed. The alpha male was solicited for significantly more consortship days per female, but his mating success, in terms of copulation frequency, did not differ from that of two other adult males in the group. In the dry season, when the females were fertile, the males showed increased contest competition for mates, a higher frequency of alternative mating strategies against copulation interference, and increased monitoring of the females' condition. However, contrary to expectations, the alpha male's latency to copulation was significantly longer in the fertile season than in the nonconceptive months, and no males were observed to mate more than one time per day, even at the conceptive peak. Male mating strategies were affected by both season and rank, and there was evidence for reproductive constraints on males throughout the year. Limited male ejaculatory capacity and male choice in the timing of copulations within female proceptive phases may both be important factors in driving the sexual dynamics of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica W Lynch Alfaro
- Department of Anthropology, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.
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10
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Cerda-Molina AL, Hernández-López L, Chavira R, Cárdenas M, Paez-Ponce D, Cervantes-De la Luz H, Mondragón-Ceballos R. Endocrine changes in male stumptailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) as a response to odor stimulation with vaginal secretions. Horm Behav 2006; 49:81-7. [PMID: 16005001 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2004] [Revised: 04/22/2005] [Accepted: 04/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian species, social chemosignals are important in modulating endocrine reproductive functions. In nonhuman primates, previous studies have described a high frequency of mounting behavior by females in the follicular and periovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle. Stumptailed macaque females do not signal receptivity by means of sexual swellings, as do others macaques, therefore providing a good model in which to study chemical signaling of reproductive status. We exposed anesthetized stumptailed males to vaginal secretions of either late follicular or menses phase or to saline solution to determine the endocrine changes promoting male sexual behavior. In males exposed to follicular secretions, plasma testosterone concentrations were sustained up to 120 min after exposure. Such an effect was not observed in animals exposed to menses or saline odor sources. A luteinizing hormone surge, occurring 30 minutes after exposure to late follicular phase secretion swabs, preceded this sustained testosterone effect. The fact that late follicular scents induce sustained testosterone concentrations provides support to the idea that stumptailed males draw information concerning female reproductive status from the female's vaginal odor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lilia Cerda-Molina
- Departamento de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México, DF.
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11
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Setchell JM, Kappeler PM. Selection in Relation to Sex in Primates. ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3454(03)33003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Zumpe D, Michael RP. Social factors modulate the effects of hormones on the sexual and aggressive behavior of macaques. Am J Primatol 1999; 38:233-261. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1996)38:3<233::aid-ajp4>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/1994] [Accepted: 09/11/1995] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Zumpe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Richard P. Michael
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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13
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Butovskaya ML, Kozintsev AG. Gender-related factors affecting primate social behavior: grooming, rank, age, and kinship in heterosexual and all-male groups of stumptail macaques. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1996; 101:39-54. [PMID: 8876813 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199609)101:1<39::aid-ajpa4>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The structure of grooming relations was studied in three captive groups of stumptail macaques, two heterosexual (consisting mainly of females) and one all male. Compared to the heterosexual groups, social hierarchy in the all-male group was less linear, and agonistic and peaceful activity of low-ranking individuals toward high-ranking ones was higher. In addition, in the all-male group received grooming was more variable than performed grooming and showed stronger dependence on age. No effect of maternal kinship was found in the all-male group, and individual preferences were also less marked in this group than in heterosexual groups. These differences tend to be related to dominance style and dispersal patterns.
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14
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Bassoff TB. Behavioral changes across the menstrual cycle in isosexual groups of bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata). Primates 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02382875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Clarke AS, Boinski S. Temperament in nonhuman primates. Am J Primatol 1995; 37:103-125. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350370205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/1993] [Accepted: 02/02/1994] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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17
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Mating competition and intergroup transfer of males in Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Mt. Emei, China. Primates 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02381486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Clarke AS, Mason WA, Mendoza SP. Heart rate patterns under stress in three species of macaques. Am J Primatol 1994; 33:133-148. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350330207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/1993] [Revised: 12/15/1993] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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20
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Paul A, Kuester J, Timme A, Arnemann J. The association between rank, mating effort, and reproductive success in male Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus). Primates 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02382660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Clarke AS, Lindburg DG. Behavioral contrasts between male cynomolgus and lion-tailed macaques. Am J Primatol 1993; 29:49-59. [PMID: 31941200 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350290106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/1992] [Revised: 07/10/1992] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that primate species differ not only in social structure and concordant social propensities, but also in their approach toward novel objects, environments, and procedures. These differences in response dispositions have been described as being based on differences in characteristic stances toward the environment, also called temperaments. This report extends previous comparative primate research by describing behavioral contrasts observed among males of two macaque species, liontailed and cynomolgus macaques. The lion-tails demonstrated more interest in other animals, more vigilance and instrumental behavior, and more readily adapted to training to enter a small and unfamilar cage than the cynomolgus. These results suggest temperamental differences between the two species. Lion-tails may be characterized as bold, curious, and instrumental in their approach to the environment, while cynomolgus may be characterized as more passive or "reserved". These differences may form the basis for the well-developed sensorimotor abilities observed in liontails such as the manufacture and use of tools, and may also be related to their highly omnivorous diet. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Clarke
- Center for the Reproduction of Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - D G Lindburg
- Center for the Reproduction of Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego, California
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22
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23
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24
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Oi T. Patterns of dominance and affiliation in wild pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina nemestrina) in West Sumatra. INT J PRIMATOL 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02193005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Yeager CP. Notes on the sexual behavior of the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus). Am J Primatol 1990; 21:223-227. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350210306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/1989] [Accepted: 02/28/1990] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Dewsbury DA, Pierce JD. Copulatory patterns of primates as viewed in broad mammalian perspective. Am J Primatol 1989; 17:51-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350170106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/1988] [Revised: 08/08/1988] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Clarke AS, Mason WA. Differences among three macaque species in responsiveness to an observer. INT J PRIMATOL 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02737382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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A review of sexual initiating behavior by male and female cynomolgus monkeys and some species comparisons. Primates 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02380961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Differentiall behavioral and adrenocortical responses to stress among three macaque species. Am J Primatol 1988; 14:37-52. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350140104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/1987] [Revised: 06/23/1987] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hill DA. Social relationships between adult male and female rhesus macaques: 1. Sexual consortships. Primates 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02380860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zumpe D, Michael RP. Relation between the dominance rank of female rhesus monkeys and their access to males. Am J Primatol 1987; 13:155-169. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350130206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/1986] [Revised: 04/03/1987] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Shively C, Smith DG. Social status and reproductive success of maleMacaca fascicularis. Am J Primatol 1985; 9:129-135. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350090206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/1984] [Accepted: 04/20/1985] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zumpe D, Michael RP. Effects of ovarian hormones on the behavior of captiveMacaca fascicularis. Am J Primatol 1985; 8:167-181. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350080207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/1984] [Revised: 10/21/1984] [Accepted: 10/21/1984] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Changes in the dominance rank and reproductive behaviour of male bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata). Anim Behav 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3472(84)80212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mitchell G, Clarke AS. Contributions of behavioral primatology to veterinary science and comparative medicine. ADVANCES IN VETERINARY SCIENCE AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE 1984; 28:25-50. [PMID: 6395672 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-039228-5.50007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral primatology is a subdiscipline of the research area referred to as primatology. Like primatology, behavioral primatology is an eclectic field of study made up of researchers from diverse basic disciplines having very different historical roots and employing extremely different methodologies biased by emphases and assumptions dictated by their histories. Psychologists, zoologists, anthropologists, and psychiatrists make up the majority of those currently active in behavioral primatology, but others, including those in veterinary science, are active in research in the area. Behavioral data can be useful to veterinary scientists and to those in comparative medicine and are interesting in their own right. Veterinarians and medical scientists may specialize in behavioral disorders. In addition, those not directly interested in behavior itself may still make use of behavioral indices of potential physiologic and morphologic abnormality. Often an animal may be inadvertently stressed by social and nonsocial environmental factors, and such stress effects may be first and best recognized by behavioral means. A recognition by those not in the behavioral sciences of the basic feral behavior of primates can go a long way toward prevention or alleviation of both behavioral and physical stress of primates in captivity. Studies of free-ranging but captive troops are sources of information almost as good as, and sometimes even better than, field studies. In addition, there is a growing realization that "natural experiments" on primates in zoos can be of value, especially since many species held in zoologic parks are those least well known in more traditional captive research settings. It must be recognized that the findings from research done on captive primates living in large field cages are not directly comparable to those derived from more directly invasive but more experimental laboratory settings. A comparative perspective on captive environments, as well as on species, is strongly recommended. Behavioral primatologists, and particularly psychologists, have long been interested in behavioral development in various species of primates. A recognition of the importance of the effects of early experience, of species differences in development, of sex differences in development, of differences in species-specific social structures and in the relative plasticity of these, and of differences in symptoms of behavioral abnormality can contribute to the arsenal of techniques that might be used to improve the well-being of the primates and can help in the selection of appropriate animal models of disorder in humans for those in comparative medicine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Mitchell G. An overemphasis on males. Review ofPrimate Paradigms: Sex Roles and Social Bonds by Linda Marie Fedigan. Montreal, Canada, Eden Press, 1982, 386 pp, $18.95. Am J Primatol 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zumpe D, Michael RP. A comparison of the behavior ofMacaca fascicularis andMacaca mulatta in relation to the menstrual cycle. Am J Primatol 1983; 4:55-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/1982] [Accepted: 10/11/1982] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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