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Hasegawa A, Murata M, Fujikawa T, Katagiri K, Nagano Y, Masuda T, Kuramitsu M, Nakajima S, Fujisawa JI, Okuma K, Grover P, Kidiga M, Akari H, Kannagi M. Vaccination with short-term-cultured autologous PBMCs efficiently activated STLV-1-specific CTLs in naturally STLV-1-infected Japanese monkeys with impaired CTL responses. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011104. [PMID: 36730466 PMCID: PMC9928132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A small proportion of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, a chemotherapy-resistant lymphoproliferative disease with a poor prognosis. HTLV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), potential anti-tumor/virus effectors, are impaired in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patients. Here, using Japanese monkeys naturally infected with simian T-cell leukemia/T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (STLV-1) as a model, we demonstrate that short-term-cultured autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can serve as a therapeutic vaccine to activate such CTLs. In a screening test, STLV-1-specific CTL activity was detectable in 8/10 naturally STLV-1-infected monkeys. We conducted a vaccine study in the remaining two monkeys with impaired CTL responses. The short-term-cultured PBMCs of these monkeys spontaneously expressed viral antigens, in a similar way to PBMCs from human HTLV-1 carriers. The first monkey was subcutaneously inoculated with three-day-cultured and mitomycin C (MMC)-treated autologous PBMCs, and then boosted with MMC-treated autologous STLV-1-infected cell line cells. The second monkey was inoculated with autologous PBMC-vaccine alone twice. In addition, a third monkey that originally showed a weak STLV-1-specific CTL response was inoculated with similar autologous PBMC-vaccines. In all three vaccinated monkeys, marked activation of STLV-1-specific CTLs and a mild reduction in the STLV-1 proviral load were observed. Follow-up analyses on the two monkeys vaccinated with PBMCs alone indicated that STLV-1-specific CTL responses peaked at 3-4 months after vaccination, and then diminished but remained detectable for more than one year. The significant reduction in the proviral load and the control of viral expression were associated with CTL activation but also diminished 6 and 12 months after vaccination, respectively, suggesting the requirement for a booster. The vaccine-induced CTLs in these monkeys recognized epitopes in the STLV-1 Tax and/or Envelope proteins, and efficiently killed autologous STLV-1-infected cells in vitro. These findings indicated that the autologous PBMC-based vaccine could induce functional STLV-1-specific CTLs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Hasegawa
- Deparment of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Megumi Murata
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoka Fujikawa
- Deparment of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniko Katagiri
- Deparment of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nagano
- Deparment of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Masuda
- Deparment of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Kuramitsu
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazu Okuma
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Poonam Grover
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maureen Kidiga
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mari Kannagi
- Deparment of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Yee JL, Grant R, Haertel AJ, Allers C, Carpenter AB, Van Rompay KKA, Roberts JA. Multi-site proficiency testing for validation and standardization of assays to detect specific pathogen-free viruses, coronaviruses, and other agents in nonhuman primates. J Med Primatol 2022; 51:234-245. [PMID: 35426147 PMCID: PMC9851150 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In efforts to increase rigor and reproducibility, the USA National Primate Research Centers (NPRCs) have focused on qualification of reagents, cross-laboratory validations, and proficiency testing for methods to detect infectious agents and accompanying immune responses in nonhuman primates. The pathogen detection working group, comprised of laboratory scientists, colony managers, and leaders from the NPRCs, has championed the effort to produce testing that is reliable and consistent across laboratories. Through multi-year efforts with shared proficiency samples, testing percent agreement has increased from as low as 67.1% for SRV testing in 2010 to 92.1% in 2019. The 2019 average agreement for the four basic SPF agents improved to >96% (86.5% BV, 98.9 SIV, 92.1 SRV, and 97.0 STLV). As new pathogens such as SARS coronavirus type 2 emerge, these steps can now be quickly replicated to develop and implement new assays that ensure rigor, reproducibly, and quality for NHP pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn L. Yee
- Primate Assay Laboratory, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Richard Grant
- Primate Pathogen Detection Services Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrew J. Haertel
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Carolina Allers
- Pathogen Detection and Quantification Core, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA
| | - Amanda B. Carpenter
- Primate Assay Laboratory, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Koen K. A. Van Rompay
- Primate Assay Laboratory, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis , CA
| | - Jeffrey A. Roberts
- Primate Assay Laboratory, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA,Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
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van der Kuyl AC. Contemporary Distribution, Estimated Age, and Prehistoric Migrations of Old World Monkey Retroviruses. EPIDEMIOLGIA (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 2:46-67. [PMID: 36417189 PMCID: PMC9620922 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia2010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Old World monkeys (OWM), simians inhabiting Africa and Asia, are currently affected by at least four infectious retroviruses, namely, simian foamy virus (SFV), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), simian T-lymphotropic virus (STLV), and simian type D retrovirus (SRV). OWM also show chromosomal evidence of having been infected in the past with four more retroviral species, baboon endogenous virus (BaEV), Papio cynocephalus endogenous virus (PcEV), simian endogenous retrovirus (SERV), and Rhesus endogenous retrovirus-K (RhERV-K/SERV-K1). For some of the viruses, transmission to other primates still occurs, resulting, for instance, in the HIV pandemic. Retroviruses are intimately connected with their host as they are normally spread by close contact. In this review, an attempt to reconstruct the distribution and history of OWM retroviruses will be made. A literature overview of the species infected by any of the eight retroviruses as well as an age estimation of the pathogens will be given. In addition, primate genomes from databases have been re-analyzed for the presence of endogenous retrovirus integrations. Results suggest that some of the oldest retroviruses, SERV and PcEV, have travelled with their hosts to Asia during the Miocene, when a higher global temperature allowed simian expansions. In contrast, younger viruses, such as SIV and SRV, probably due to the lack of a primate continuum between the continents in later times, have been restricted to Africa and Asia, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette C van der Kuyl
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Afonso PV, Fagrouch Z, Deijs M, Niphuis H, Bogers W, Gessain A, van der Hoek L, Verschoor EJ. Absence of accessory genes in a divergent simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 isolated from a bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007521. [PMID: 31283766 PMCID: PMC6638983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primate T-lymphotropic viruses type 1 (PTLV-1) are complex retroviruses infecting both human (HTLV-1) and simian (STLV-1) hosts. They share common epidemiological, clinical and molecular features. In addition to the canonical gag, pol, env retroviral genes, PTLV-1 purportedly encodes regulatory (i.e. Tax, Rex, and HBZ) and accessory proteins (i.e. P12/8, P13, P30). The latter have been found essential for viral persistence in vivo. Methodology/Principal findings We have isolated a STLV-1 virus from a bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata–Mra18C9), a monkey from India. The complete sequence was obtained and phylogenetic analyses were performed. The Mra18C9 strain is highly divergent from the known PTLV-1 strains. Intriguingly, the Mra18C9 lacks the 3 accessory open reading frames. In order to determine if the absence of accessory proteins is specific to this particular strain, a comprehensive analysis of the complete PTLV-1 genomes available in Genbank was performed and found that the lack of one or many accessory ORF is common among PTLV-1. Conclusion This study raises many questions regarding the actual nature, role and importance of accessory proteins in the PTLV-1 biology. Primate T-lymphotropic viruses type 1 (PTLV-1) are complex retroviruses infecting both human (HTLV-1) and simian (STLV-1) hosts. It has been shown that the persistence and pathogenesis of these viruses depend on the expression of small, accessory proteins. A bonnet macaque (a monkey present in India) was found infected with STLV-1. The genome was sequenced and found quite divergent from the other STLV-1 genomes previously described. Intriguingly, this virus does not encode accessory proteins. Analysis of other available sequences found that most strains lack at least one accessory gene. Thus the importance and the role of these proteins in the PTLV-1 biology should be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe V. Afonso
- Unité EPVO, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3569 CNRS, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (PVA); (EJV)
| | - Zahra Fagrouch
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Deijs
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University Of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk Niphuis
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Willy Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lia van der Hoek
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University Of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (PVA); (EJV)
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Yee JL, Vanderford TH, Didier ES, Gray S, Lewis A, Roberts J, Taylor K, Bohm RP. Specific pathogen free macaque colonies: a review of principles and recent advances for viral testing and colony management. J Med Primatol 2016; 45:55-78. [PMID: 26932456 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Specific pathogen free (SPF) macaques provide valuable animal models for biomedical research. In 1989, the National Center for Research Resources [now Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (ORIP)] of the National Institutes of Health initiated experimental research contracts to establish and maintain SPF colonies. The derivation and maintenance of SPF macaque colonies is a complex undertaking requiring knowledge of the biology of the agents for exclusion and normal physiology and behavior of macaques, application of the latest diagnostic technology, facilitiy management, and animal husbandry. This review provides information on the biology of the four viral agents targeted for exclusion in ORIP SPF macaque colonies, describes current state-of-the-art viral diagnostic algorithms, presents data from proficiency testing of diagnostic assays between laboratories at institutions participating in the ORIP SPF program, and outlines management strategies for maintaining the integrity of SPF colonies using results of diagnostic testing as a guide to decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn L Yee
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth S Didier
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Stanton Gray
- Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Anne Lewis
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey Roberts
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kerry Taylor
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Rudolf P Bohm
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, USA
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Abstract
Despite important differences between infectious diseases and cancers, tumour development (neoplasia) can nonetheless be closely compared to infectious disease because of the similarity of their effects on the body. On this basis, we predict that many of the life-history (LH) responses observed in the context of host-parasite interactions should also be relevant in the context of cancer. Parasites are thought to affect LH traits of their hosts because of strong selective pressures like direct and indirect mortality effects favouring, for example, early maturation and reproduction. Cancer can similarly also affect LH traits by imposing direct costs and/or indirectly by triggering plastic adjustments and evolutionary responses. Here, we discuss how and why a LH focus is a potentially productive but under-exploited research direction for cancer research, by focusing our attention on similarities between infectious disease and cancer with respect to their effects on LH traits and their evolution. We raise the possibility that LH adjustments can occur in response to cancer via maternal/paternal effects and that these changes can be heritable to (adaptively) modify the LH traits of their offspring. We conclude that LH adjustments can potentially influence the transgenerational persistence of inherited oncogenic mutations in populations.
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Comparison of physiologic and pharmacologic parameters in Asian and mauritius cynomolgus macaques. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 73:27-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Modes of transmission of Simian T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in semi-captive mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx). Vet Microbiol 2015; 179:155-61. [PMID: 26143560 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) often live in inaccessible areas, have cryptic behaviors, and are difficult to follow in the wild. Here, we present a study on the spread of the simian T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (STLV-1), the simian counterpart of the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in a semi-captive mandrill colony. This study combines 28 years of longitudinal monitoring, including behavioral data, with a dynamic mathematical model and Bayesian inference. Three transmission modes were suspected: aggressive, sexual and familial. Our results show that among males, STLV-1 transmission occurs preferentially via aggression. Because of their impressive aggressive behavior male mandrills can easily transmit the virus during fights. On the contrary, sexual activity seems to have little effect. Thus transmission appears to occur primarily via male-male and female-female contact. In addition, for young mandrills, familial transmission appears to play an important role in virus spread.
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Zhu L, Han JB, Zhang XH, Ma JP, Lv LB, Zhang GH, Zheng YT. [Epidemiological survey of a captive Chinese rhesus macaque breeding colony in Yunnan for SRV, STLV and BV]. DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2012; 33:49-54. [PMID: 22345008 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1141.2012.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates are critical resources for biomedical research. Rhesus macaque is a popularly used laboratory nonhuman primate that share many characteristics with humans. However, rhesus macaques are the natural host of two exogenous retroviruses, SRV (simian type D retrovirus) and STLV (simian T lymphotropic virus). SRV and STLV may introduce potentially significant confounding factors into the study of AIDS model. Moreover, B virus (ceropithecine herpesvirus 1) is likely to harm not only rhesus macaque but also humans in experiments involving rhesus macaque. Yunnan province has large-scale breeding colonies of Chinese rhesus macaque. Therefore there is an urgent need for SPF Chinese rhesus macaque colonies. Here we investigated SRV, STLV and BV infections in 411 Chinese rhesus macaque by PCR technique. The results showed that the prevalence of SRV, STLV and BV among Chinese rhesus macaque breeding colony was 19.71% (81/411), 13.38% (55/411) and 23.11% (95/411), respectively. Comparison of viruses infection in different age-groups and male/female of Chinese rhesus macaque was also analyzed. This study will contribute to establishment of SPF Chinese rhesus macaque breeding colony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Diagnosis | T-cell lymphoma associated with simian T-cell lymphotropic virus 1. Lab Anim (NY) 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/laban0611-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mee ET, Murrell CK, Watkins J, Almond N, Cutler K, Rose NJ. Low rates of transmission of SRV-2 and STLV-I to juveniles in a population of Macaca fascicularis facilitate establishment of specific retrovirus-free colonies. J Med Primatol 2009; 38:160-70. [PMID: 19320800 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2008.00335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of simian retrovirus-2 (SRV-2) and simian T lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-I), was unknown in 337 captive cynomolgus macaques. METHODS AND RESULTS Molecular assays identified 29% of animals as SRV-2 mono-infected, 4% of animals as STLV-I mono-infected and 9% of animals as dual-infected. Of 108 juvenile animals, 83% were SRV-2-negative and no juvenile animal was STLV-I-positive. A subsequent study of juvenile macaques over a period of 2.5 years detected no STLV-I and 10 SRV-2 infections, six of which occurred between testing and day of colony formation. The study also highlighted that an anti-SRV-2 serological response does not presuppose infection. Tissue reservoirs of latent SRV-2 were not identified in suspected SRV-2 infections. CONCLUSIONS Low transmissibility of the viruses present in the parental cohort and improved knowledge of the host response to SRV-2 has facilitated the creation of specific-retrovirus-free colonies of cynomolgus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Mee
- Division of Retrovirology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, UK
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Morton WR, Agy MB, Capuano SV, Grant RF. Specific Pathogen-Free Macaques: Definition, History, and Current Production. ILAR J 2008; 49:137-44. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar.49.2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sariol CA, González-Martínez J, Arana T, Gascot S, Suárez E, Maldonado E, Gerald MS, Rodríguez M, Kraiselburd EN. Differential distribution of antibodies to different viruses in young animals in the free-ranging rhesus macaques of Cayo Santiago. J Med Primatol 2007; 35:369-75. [PMID: 17214665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2006.00174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The breeding colony of free-ranging rhesus macaques was established in 1938 in Cayo Santiago (CS) with animals collected in northern India. The seroprevalence to cercopithecine herpesvirus type 1 (B virus) and simian retroviruses has been studied previously. RESULTS This is the first report on the seropositivity to different viruses using samples collected shortly after removing animals (n = 245) from CS. All samples were negative for measles, simian immunodeficiency virus and simian type D retroviruses. The overall prevalence of antibodies was around 50% for simian T-lymphotropic virus I (STLV-I). For B virus, the prevalence was 38%. CONCLUSIONS Data obtained showed marked differences in the antibody distribution to B virus and STLV-I within the free-ranging colony of rhesus macaques. Implication of these data for the Specific Pathogen Free program at the Caribbean Primate Research Center are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Sariol
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA.
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Leendertz FH, Boesch C, Ellerbrok H, Rietschel W, Couacy-Hymann E, Pauli G. Non-invasive testing reveals a high prevalence of simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 antibodies in wild adult chimpanzees of the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. J Gen Virol 2004; 85:3305-3312. [PMID: 15483244 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.80052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little information is available on the prevalence of retrovirus infections in populations of non-human primates living in their natural habitats. To gain such information, methods were developed to detect antibodies to simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1) in urine from wild chimpanzees. Samples from more than 74 chimpanzees living in three communities in the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, were analysed. The prevalence of STLV-1 antibodies in adults and adolescents was significantly higher (35/49, 71·4 %) than that in infant and juvenile chimpanzees (3/31, 9·7 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian H Leendertz
- Institute for Parasitology and International Animal Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Zentrum für Biologische Sicherheit, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christophe Boesch
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heinz Ellerbrok
- Zentrum für Biologische Sicherheit, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Georg Pauli
- Zentrum für Biologische Sicherheit, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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