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Giannetti-Domínguez AD, Rangel-Negrín A, Coyohua-Fuentes A, Dias PAD. Leadership and the finder's advantage in mantled howler monkeys. Am J Primatol 2024:e23651. [PMID: 38804875 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Leading collective movements and arriving first at feeding sites may improve food acquisition. Specifically, the first individual to discover and exploit a feeding site may gain a feeding advantage known as the "finder's advantage." The aim of this research was to verify if the probability of leading group movements to feeding sites in mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) varied by sex and reproductive status, and whether finders had higher foraging success than followers. We studied 18 adult individuals from two groups in La Flor de Catemaco over a year (978 h), and sampled group movements (n = 211) and foraging behavior (n = 215 feeding episodes). Gestating females were leaders and finders of group movements to feeding sites more often than expected but were also replaced in the leading position more frequently than individuals of other sex/reproductive states. Feeding behavior was not influenced by the order of arrival at feeding sites per se, but gestating females had higher food intake rate, bite rate, and feeding time when arriving earlier (i.e., occupying front group positions) than later. Therefore, leadership and the finder's advantage occur in this species and are probably employed by gestating females to maintain their energetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariadna Rangel-Negrín
- Primate Behavioral Ecology Lab, Instituto de Neuro-etología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | - Alejandro Coyohua-Fuentes
- Primate Behavioral Ecology Lab, Instituto de Neuro-etología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | - Pedro A D Dias
- Primate Behavioral Ecology Lab, Instituto de Neuro-etología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
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2
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Ekanayake-Weber MS, O'Connor-Coates CJ, Koenig A. Steep Hierarchies without Skew? Modeling How Ecology and Decision-Making Shape Despotism of Relationships. Am Nat 2024; 203:189-203. [PMID: 38306279 DOI: 10.1086/727702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
AbstractAnimals can form dominance relationships that vary from highly unequal, or despotic, to egalitarian, and this variation likely impacts the fitness of individuals. How and why these differences in relationships and fitness exist among groups, populations, and species has been the subject of much debate. Here, we investigated the influence of two major factors: (1) spatial resource distribution and (2) the presence or absence of winner-loser effects. To determine the effects of these factors, we built an agent-based model that represented 10 agents directly competing over food resources on a simple landscape. By varying the food distribution and using either asymmetry of strength or experience, we contrasted four scenarios from which we recorded attack decisions, fight outcomes, and individual energy intake to calculate dominance hierarchy steepness and energetic skew. Surprisingly, resource distribution and winner-loser effects did not have the predicted effects on hierarchy steepness. However, skew in energy intake arose when resources were distributed heterogeneously, despite hierarchy steepness frequently being higher in the homogeneous resource scenarios. Thus, this study confirms some decades-old predictions about feeding competition but also casts doubt on the ability to infer energetic consequences from observations of agonistic interactions.
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3
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Lousa TC, Mendes FDC. Disputes over provisioned resources are no more intense between groups than within groups in free-ranging Sapajus libidinosus. Primates 2024; 65:61-68. [PMID: 37938471 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-023-01105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Socioecological models predict that disputes between primate groups will be more intense than those within groups, given that the systematic loss of contests over a given resource will restrict the access of all of the members of that group to that resource. Higher levels of aggression are also expected for provisioned resources that have a more lucrative cost:benefit ratio. The levels of aggression in and between two free-ranging tufted capuchin monkey (Sapajus libidinosus) groups in the context of daily provisioning with bananas were evaluated. The aim of a complementary analysis was to identify possible predictors of the frequency of disputes at the site of the provisioned resource. The disputes were recorded using all-events sampling, while the social behaviour of the study groups was recorded by instantaneous scan sampling. The data were analysed using t-test, Mann-Whitney's U, and generalised linear modelling. Between-group disputes were no more intense than within-group events, and did not involve more individuals, or more adult females. The frequency of disputes increased as the number of individuals eating bananas increased. No evidence was found that disputes between groups were any more intense than those within groups. Dominance patterns may have affected these findings, by mediating intergroup disputes. An increase in the number of competitors affected the frequency of disputes at the site of the provisioned resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Túlio Costa Lousa
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes, Institute of Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Francisco D C Mendes
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes, Institute of Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
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4
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Wessling EG, Samuni L, Mundry R, Pascual MA, Lucchesi S, Kambale B, Surbeck M. Evaluating the efficacy of a consumer-centric method for ecological sampling: Using bonobo ( Pan paniscus) feeding patterns as an instrument for tropical forest characterization. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9606. [PMID: 36619712 PMCID: PMC9798251 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Characteristics of food availability and distribution are key components of a species' ecology. Objective ecological surveying used in animal behavior research does not consider aspects of selection by the consumer and therefore may produce imprecise measures of availability. We propose a method to integrate ecological sampling of an animal's environment into existing behavioral data collection systems by using the consumer as the surveyor. Here, we evaluate the consumer-centric method (CCM) of assessing resource availability for its ability to measure food resource abundance, distribution, and dispersion. This method catalogs feeding locations observed during behavioral observation and uses aggregated data to characterize these ecological metrics. We evaluated the CCM relative to traditional vegetation plot surveying using accumulated feeding locations across 3 years visited by a tropical frugivore, the bonobo (Pan paniscus), and compared it with data derived from over 200 vegetation plots across their 50 km2+ home ranges. We demonstrate that food species abundance estimates derived from the CCM are comparable to those derived from traditional vegetation plot sampling in less than 2 years of data collection, and agreement improved when accounting for aspects of consumer selectivity in objective vegetation plot sampling (e.g., tree size minima). Density correlated between CCM and plot-derived estimates and was relatively insensitive to home range inclusion and other species characteristics, however, it was sensitive to sampling frequency. Agreement between the methods in relative distribution of resources performed better across species than expected by chance, although measures of dispersion correlated poorly. Once tested in other systems, the CCM may provide a robust measure of food availability for use in relative food availability indices and can be incorporated into existing observational data collection. The CCM has an advantage over traditional sampling methods as it incorporates sampling biases relevant to the consumer, thereby serving as a promising method for animal behavioral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin G. Wessling
- Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA,St. Andrews, School of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - Liran Samuni
- Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA,St. Andrews, School of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - Roger Mundry
- Platform Bioinformatics and BiostatisticsVetMedUniViennaAustria,Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGöttingenGermany,Department for Primate CognitionGeorg‐August‐University GöttingenGöttingenGermany,Leibniz Science Campus Primate CognitionGöttingenGermany
| | | | - Stefano Lucchesi
- Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA,Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Bienfait Kambale
- Centre de Surveillance de la Biodiversité de l'Université de KisanganiKisanganiDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Martin Surbeck
- Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA,Kokolopori Bonobo Research ProjectTshuapaDemocratic Republic of the Congo,Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
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5
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Patch choice decisions by a fission–fusion forager as a test of the ecological constraints model. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chapman et al.’s (Behav Ecol Sociobiol 36:59–70, 1995) ecological constraints model posits that the size and distribution of food patches place restrictions upon foraging group size. Larger groups incur increased travel costs for any given array of patches, and thus, to fulfil individual energetic and nutritional requirements, foragers should adjust group sizes to balance energy obtained against that spent on travelling. Support for this model comes from both comparative and species-specific studies but findings are contradictory, and the utility of the model has been questioned. This study provides a rigorous test, analysing measurements from distinct food patches and individual inter-patch movements, on an appropriately shorter temporal scale. Using data drawn from two social groups of a species characterised by a high degree of fission–fusion dynamics, the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), we show that larger parties foraged in larger food patches and for longer durations, and that larger parties were associated with further travel between patches. Overt contest competition over food increased with party size. We found no evidence of distinct sex differences in either party size or travel distances: the predictive power of forager sex was low compared to that of ecological variables. We propose that analysis at the patch level is more appropriate than a daily averaging approach that may smooth out the very variation being investigated. Our findings suggest that, despite certain limitations, Chapman et al.’s (Behav Ecol Sociobiol 36:59–70, 1995) model of ecological constraints remains a useful tool. Ecology does indeed constrain grouping patterns, and the impact of this is not necessarily differentiated by sex.
Significance statement
Foraging animals face the ‘more mouths to feed’ problem: as the numbers in a group increase, the group must travel further to find enough food, using up energy. Hence, foragers should adjust numbers to minimise these costs, but tests of this idea have proved inconclusive. We investigated the foraging behaviour of chimpanzees, a species with highly flexible grouping, considering their travel between specific patches of food. We found clear support for this proposition, with larger patches of food hosting larger numbers of foragers, and such groups having to travel further to find food. Although it is often thought that female animals should respond more strongly to foraging costs, we found little evidence of sex differences. Our results show that ecology does indeed constrain grouping patterns, and that the impact is felt equally by males and females.
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Brown M, Steinitz R, Emery Thompson M. Wins and losses in intergroup conflicts reflect energy balance in red-tailed monkeys. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210152. [PMID: 35369757 PMCID: PMC8977655 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The energetic costs and benefits of intergroup conflicts over feeding sites are widely hypothesized to be significant, but rarely quantified. In this study, we use short-term measures of energy gain and expenditure to test whether winning an intergroup encounter is associated with greater benefits, and losing with greater costs. We also test an alternative perspective, where groups fight for access to large food sources that are neither depletable nor consistently monopolizable: in this case, a group that has already fed on the resource and is willing to leave first (the loser) is supplanted by a newly arrived group (the winner). We evaluate energy balance and travel distance during and after encounters for six groups of red-tailed monkeys in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We find that winning groups experience substantial energetic benefits, but do so to recoup from earlier deficits. Losing groups, contrary to predictions, experience minimal energetic costs. Winners and losers are predictable based upon their use of the contested resource immediately before the encounter. The short-term payoffs associated with these stressful conflicts compensate for any associated costs and support the perception that between-group contests are an important feature of social life for species that engage in non-lethal conflicts. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Intergroup conflict across taxa’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Brown
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, 552 University Rd, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3210, USA.,Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Bücklestraße 5, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ronnie Steinitz
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, 552 University Rd, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3210, USA
| | - Melissa Emery Thompson
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, MSC01-1040, 500 University Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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7
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Lousa TC, Mendes FDC. Inter-group conflicts involving adult female and male bearded capuchins, Sapajus libidinosus (Primates: Cebidae), in the context of provisioned resources: resource defense or sexual selection? ZOOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-4689.v39.e21020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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9
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Cavalcante T, Strier KB, Bicca-Marques JC. Degree of Frugivory Predicts Rates of Food-Related Agonism and Intragroup Proximity in Wild Gray Woolly Monkeys ( Lagothrix lagotricha cana). INT J PRIMATOL 2021; 42:533-547. [PMID: 34054167 PMCID: PMC8140574 DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The main factors influencing feeding competition among members of diurnal primate groups are the distribution, availability, and quality of food resources. Socioecological models predict that temporal availability of preferred resources, such as fruit, can influence intragroup feeding competition, which is expected to affect rates of agonism and intragroup spatial patterns. We evaluated the effects of temporal variation in fruit availability on the degree of frugivory (i.e., the proportion of time spent feeding on fruit in relation to total food consumption) and the effects of fruit availability and degree of frugivory on rates of agonistic interactions, and intragroup proximity in two wild groups of gray woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha cana) in southwestern Brazilian Amazonia. We recorded 227 agonistic interactions via the all occurrences method and 3549 records of spacing via scan sampling during an 8-mo field study from March to October 2017. We found that fruit availability showed a positive relationship with the woolly monkeys’ degree of frugivory, which in turn showed a positive relationship with the rates of agonism. We also found that degree of frugivory positively affected intragroup proximity in periods of lower fruit availability, and that agonistic interactions and proximity covaried positively. Conversely, as the degree of frugivory increased, monkeys exhibited greater interindividual distances and, consequently, lower rates of agonism, consistent with lower levels of feeding competition in periods of higher fruit availability. Therefore, we suggest that intragroup contest competition for fruits is an important cost of group living even for generalized, opportunistic frugivorous primates, such as woolly monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Manaus, Amazonas Brazil.,Laboratório de Primatologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karen B Strier
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin USA
| | - Júlio César Bicca-Marques
- Laboratório de Primatologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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10
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Mansell NL, McKinney T. Interactions Between Humans and Panamanian White-Faced Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus imitator). INT J PRIMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Dominance style predicts differences in food retrieval strategies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2726. [PMID: 33526827 PMCID: PMC7851400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In several species, rank predicts access to food, and subordinates may need specific behavioural strategies to get a share of resources. This may be especially important in despotic species, where resources are strongly biased in favour of dominants and subordinates may more strongly rely on specific tactics to maximize food intake. Here, we compared three macaque species with an experimental set-up reproducing feeding competition contest. Following our predictions, more tolerant species mostly retrieved food in the presence of others and were less dependent on specific tactics. Contrarily, subordinates in more despotic species more likely collected food (1) when dominants could not see food or (2) were attacking others, (3) while "dissimulating", or (4) "storing food". Our study reveals that dominance styles reliably predict the probability of using specific food retrieval tactics and provides important insights on the social conditions that might have led to the emergence of tactical deception.
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12
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Ischer G, Zuberbühler K, Fedurek P. The relationship between food calling and agonistic behaviour in wild chimpanzees. Behav Processes 2020; 178:104182. [PMID: 32561234 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A number of social animals produce food-associated calls, which have been interpreted as informative and referential about the quality or quantity of food accessed by the caller. In chimpanzees, however, some behavioural patterns have remained unexplained by this model, suggesting that food-associated calls have a more generalized social function beyond attracting others to food, such as promoting tolerance between co-feeding individuals. In this study, we investigated how wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) of Budongo Forest, Uganda, use food associated-calls in situations when social tolerance is low, i.e., during agonistic interactions. We found a positive relationship between food calling and agonistic behaviours during a feeding event, independent of the number of males on the feeding patch. Moreover, food calling followed rather than preceded agonistic interactions, suggesting that aggression can trigger food call production. These results support the view that chimpanzee food-associated calls can act as social tools mediating competitive or aggressive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Ischer
- University of Neuchâtel, Department of Comparative Cognition, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Zuberbühler
- University of Neuchâtel, Department of Comparative Cognition, Neuchâtel, Switzerland; School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Pawel Fedurek
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
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13
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Scarry CJ. Against all odds: Numerical assessment by tufted capuchin monkeys. Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23094. [PMID: 31961003 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
When competitors are able to assess the asymmetry in the resource holding potential before interacting, individuals or groups should avoid interacting with stronger opponents, thereby avoiding the energy costs and risk of injury associated with aggressive intergroup encounters. Thus, escalated aggression is expected only between closely matched competitors. Among Argentine tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus), intergroup dominance is decided by the asymmetry in male group size. Using playback experiments, I simulated intergroup encounters with neighboring groups, manipulating both the apparent numerical asymmetry and the resource context. During experimental trials, I recorded the approach behavior of the focal individual, as well as changes in neighbor density and individual travel speed following the presentation of the playback stimulus, to assess whether individual willingness to participate in resource defense was affected by the probability of winning the encounter. In spite of the competitive disadvantage, neither males nor females showed a decreased probability of approach when the numerical odds strongly favored the opposing group. Instead decisions regarding whether to participate appear to be driven primarily by the resource context. Nevertheless, changes in individual behavior during approaches suggest that tufted capuchin monkeys are sensitive to the relative odds. Individuals accelerated less when approaching a larger group, although no changes in neighbor density were apparent. The absence of an effect of the numerical asymmetry on willingness to approach the playback speaker suggests that subordinate groups benefit from engaging in intergroup aggression with larger neighbors, despite the high probability of losing. These encounters may serve to assess the current subjective resource valuation of the neighboring group or limit territorial expansion by large groups by decreasing the marginal value of home range exclusivity. Because these encounters are riskier, however, individuals appear to alter their approaches, becoming more tentative as the numerical odds increasingly favor the opposing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara J Scarry
- Department of Anthropology, California State University, Sacramento, California.,Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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14
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Lins PGADS, Ferreira RG. Competition during sugarcane crop raiding by blond capuchin monkeys (Sapajus flavius). Primates 2018; 60:81-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-018-0698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Eastern water dragons modify their social tactics with respect to the location within their home range. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Nurmi NO, Hohmann G, Goldstone LG, Deschner T, Schülke O. The “tolerant chimpanzee”—towards the costs and benefits of sociality in female bonobos. Behav Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Niina O Nurmi
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, JFB Institute for Zoology/Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany
| | - Gottfried Hohmann
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany
| | - Lucas G Goldstone
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilians University, Germany
| | - Tobias Deschner
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany
| | - Oliver Schülke
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, JFB Institute for Zoology/Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Germany
- Research Group Social Evolution in Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
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17
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Brown DM, Lattanzio MS. Resource variability and the collapse of a dominance hierarchy in a colour polymorphic species. BEHAVIOUR 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Intraspecific social dominance hierarchies should be influenced by environmental variation; however, in colour polymorphic species, dominance hierarchies are often assumed fixed, and thus insensitive to environmental variability. We ran a series of experiments using the colour polymorphic long-tailed brush lizard (Urosaurus graciosus) to challenge this assumption. We staged contests between orange and yellow morph males over a single heated perch, two perches at the same temperature, or two perches differing in temperature. Our first experiment revealed that orange-throated males are socially dominant. However, this hierarchy collapsed in our other experiments as yellow males became more aggressive. Interestingly, both males only ever secured their own perch where the perches differed in temperature. These findings mirror observations of morph behavioural flexibility in nature and studies of behaviour–environment interactions in non-polymorphic taxa. We conclude that colour morphs may have an underappreciated ability to assess resource-level changes and respond with concomitant flexibility in behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawson M. Brown
- Department of Organismal and Environmental Biology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
| | - Matthew S. Lattanzio
- Department of Organismal and Environmental Biology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
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18
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Trichromacy increases fruit intake rates of wild capuchins ( Cebus capucinus imitator). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10402-10407. [PMID: 28894009 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705957114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific color vision variation is prevalent among nearly all diurnal monkeys in the neotropics and is seemingly a textbook case of balancing selection acting to maintain genetic polymorphism. Clear foraging advantages to monkeys with trichromatic vision over those with dichromatic "red-green colorblind" vision have been observed in captive studies; however, evidence of trichromatic advantage during close-range foraging has been surprisingly scarce in field studies, perhaps as a result of small sample sizes and strong impacts of environmental or individual variation on foraging performance. To robustly test the effects of color vision type on foraging efficiency in the wild, we conducted an extensive study of dichromatic and trichromatic white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus imitator), controlling for plant-level and monkey-level variables that may affect fruit intake rates. Over the course of 14 months, we collected behavioral data from 72 monkeys in Sector Santa Rosa, Costa Rica. We analyzed 19,043 fruit feeding events within 1,602 foraging bouts across 27 plant species. We find that plant species, color conspicuity category, and monkey age class significantly impact intake rates, while sex does not. When plant species and age are controlled for, we observe that trichromats have higher intake rates than dichromats for plant species with conspicuously colored fruits. This study provides clear evidence of trichromatic advantage in close-range fruit feeding in wild monkeys. Taken together with previous reports of dichromatic advantage for finding cryptic foods, our results illuminate an important aspect of balancing selection maintaining primate opsin polymorphism.
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Abstract
Tropical forests have a high diversity of tree species which have very low densities and vary across time in their seasons of peak fruiting and maturation rates. As evidence of the ability of primates to track or anticipate changes in fruit production at individual trees, researchers have used the increased speed of primate groups toward more rewarding food patches. We analyzed the speed of approach to natural trees of wild capuchin monkeys under the effect of scramble competition, after excluding any plausible visual, olfactory and auditory cues. We conducted all-day group follows of three habituated capuchin groups at Iguazú National Park, Argentina, collecting data on ranging behavior and patterns of visits to fruit trees in relation with their location and fruit availability. Travel speed varied according to the expected reward at a feeding tree, increasing as rewards increased from low values, but decreasing again at very high values. Also, travel speed varied with time of day, decreasing from the time of first activity as the monkeys became less hungry, and increasing again toward late afternoon. Measures of unripe fruit cover did not explain variation in travel speed at any distance from a focal tree. Our data imply that, after excluding sensory cues, capuchins appear to anticipate time-varying ripe fruit quantity of natural resources, suggesting that they use memory of tree location and anticipation of fruit maturation. We also confirm that speed is a good measure about expectations of resources, as has been shown in previous studies.
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20
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Haunhorst CB, Heesen M, Ostner J, Schülke O. Social bonds with males lower the costs of competition for wild female Assamese macaques. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Canale GR, Bernardo CSS. Predator-prey interaction between two threatened species in a Brazilian hotspot. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2015-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Conflicts in conservation may arise if two or more threatened species are involved in prey-predator interaction. Predators may have a profound effect on small prey populations, thus conservation actions must consider inter-specific interactions involving threatened species. Here we report nest predation events on a wild population of the Endangered red-billed curassow Crax blumenbachii Spix, 1825 by a group of the Critically Endangered yellow-breasted capuchin monkeys Sapajus xanthosternosWied-Neuwied, 1820 in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This is the first study to report egg predation of an threatened gamebird by an threatened primate. We recommend that systematic conservation planning for these threatened species consider interactions, especially considering upcoming reintroduction programs indicated in the National Action Plans for these species conservation.
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22
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Richter C, Gras P, Hodges K, Ostner J, Schülke O. Feeding behavior and aggression in wild Siberut macaques (Macaca siberu) living under low predation risk. Am J Primatol 2015; 77:741-52. [PMID: 25736828 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Investigating which factors influence feeding competition is crucial for our understanding of the diversity of social relationships. Socio-ecological models differ in their predictions whether predation risk directly influences feeding competition and which factors exactly predict contest competition. We investigated feeding competition in Siberut macaques (Macaca siberu), a species endemic to Siberut Island (West Sumatra, Indonesia). Siberut macaques experience low predation risk, as major predators (felids, raptors) are absent. They are therefore appropriate subjects to test the prediction that low predation risk reduces feeding competition. To estimate contest potential, we quantified size, spatial distribution and density of food plants, and the availability of alternative resources. We recorded behavior in food patches using a modified focal tree method. Food patches, sorted by decreasing average feeding group size, included large trees (40% of focal plant observations), lianas/strangler (16%), medium trees (9%), small (palm) trees (20%), and rattan (15%). Most food patches were clumped but occurred at low densities relative to the area of average group spread. Thus, availability of alternative food patches was low. Although food patch characteristics indicate high contest potential, the observed aggression rate (0.13 bouts between adults/h) was low relative to other primates. Average feeding group size was small relative to total group size, and feeding group size matched crown volume. Perceived predation risk was low, based on spatial and feeding behavior of juveniles. Together, these results suggest that predation risk may influence feeding competition. Social and temporal factors (patch feeding time), but not ecological factors (fruit abundance in patch and forest, alternative resources) predicted aggression frequency in food patches. Overall, comparative data are still relatively scarce, and researchers should collect more data on group spread, sub-grouping, perceived predation risk, and aggression in food patches before we can draw final conclusions about the role of predation risk for feeding competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Richter
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Gras
- Department of Agroecology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Keith Hodges
- Reproductive Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Ostner
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schülke
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Erinjery JJ, Kavana TS, Singh M. Food resources, distribution and seasonal variations in ranging in lion-tailed macaques, Macaca silenus in the Western Ghats, India. Primates 2014; 56:45-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-014-0447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Heesen M, Rogahn S, Macdonald S, Ostner J, Schülke O. Predictors of food-related aggression in wild Assamese macaques and the role of conflict avoidance. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Proximate mechanisms of contest competition among female Bwindi mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Suarez SA. Ecological factors predictive of wild spider monkey (Ateles belzebuth) foraging decisions in Yasuní, Ecuador. Am J Primatol 2014; 76:1185-95. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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de Oliveira SG, Lynch Alfaro JW, Veiga LM. Activity budget, diet, and habitat use in the critically endangered Ka'apor capuchin monkey (Cebus kaapori) in Pará State, Brazil: A preliminary comparison to other capuchin monkeys. Am J Primatol 2014; 76:919-31. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. G. de Oliveira
- Curso de Pós-Graduação de Zoologia; Universidade Federal do Pará/Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi; Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Jessica W. Lynch Alfaro
- Institute for Society and Genetics; University of California-Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
- Department of Anthropology; University of California-Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Liza M. Veiga
- Departamento de Mastozoologia; Universidade Federal do Pará/Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi; Belém Pará Brazil
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28
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Chubaty AM, Ma BO, Stein RW, Gillespie DR, Henry LM, Phelan C, Palsson E, Simon FW, Roitberg BD. On the evolution of omnivory in a community context. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:251-65. [PMID: 24558581 PMCID: PMC3925427 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Omnivory is extremely common in animals, yet theory predicts that when given a choice of resources specialization should be favored over being generalist. The evolution of a feeding phenotype involves complex interactions with many factors other than resource choice alone, including environmental heterogeneity, resource quality, availability, and interactions with other organisms. We applied an evolutionary simulation model to examine how ecological conditions shape evolution of feeding phenotypes (e.g., omnivory), by varying the quality and availability (absolute and relative) of plant and animal (prey) resources. Resulting feeding phenotypes were defined by the relative contribution of plants and prey to diets of individuals. We characterized organisms using seven traits that were allowed to evolve freely in different simulated environments, and we asked which traits are important for different feeding phenotypes to evolve among interacting organisms. Carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores all coexisted without any requirement in the model for a synergistic effect of eating plant and animal prey. Omnivores were most prevalent when ratio of plants and animal prey was low, and to a lesser degree, when habitat productivity was high. A key result of the model is that omnivores evolved through many different combinations of trait values and environmental contexts. Specific combinations of traits tended to form emergent trait complexes, and under certain environmental conditions, are expressed as omnivorous feeding phenotypes. The results indicate that relative availabilities of plants and prey (over the quality of resources) determine an individual's feeding class and that feeding phenotypes are often the product of convergent evolution of emergent trait complexes under specific environmental conditions. Foraging outcomes appear to be consequences of degree and type of phenotypic specialization for plant and animal prey, navigation and exploitation of the habitat, reproduction, and interactions with other individuals in a heterogeneous environment. Omnivory should not be treated as a fixed strategy, but instead a pattern of phenotypic expression, emerging from diverse genetic sources and coevolving across a range of ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Chubaty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Brian O Ma
- ESSA Technologies Ltd. Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3H4, Canada
| | - Robert W Stein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
| | - David R Gillespie
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 6947 Highway 7, PO Box 1000, Agassiz, British Columbia, V0M 1A0, Canada
| | - Lee M Henry
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Conan Phelan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Eirikur Palsson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Franz W Simon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Bernard D Roitberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
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29
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Otani Y, Sawada A, Hanya G. Short-term separation from groups by male Japanese macaques: Costs and benefits in feeding behavior and social interaction. Am J Primatol 2013; 76:374-84. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Otani
- Primate Research Institute; Kyoto University; Inuyama Aichi Japan
| | - Akiko Sawada
- Primate Research Institute; Kyoto University; Inuyama Aichi Japan
| | - Goro Hanya
- Primate Research Institute; Kyoto University; Inuyama Aichi Japan
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30
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Wheeler BC, Scarry CJ, Koenig A. Rates of agonism among female primates: a cross-taxon perspective. Behav Ecol 2013; 24:1369-1380. [PMID: 24137045 PMCID: PMC3796709 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/art076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonism is common in group-living animals, shaping dominance relationships and ultimately impacting individual fitness. Rates of agonism vary considerably among taxa, however, and explaining this variation has been central in ecological models of female social relationships in primates. Early iterations of these models posited a link to diet, with more frequent agonism predicted in frugivorous species due to the presumed greater contestability of fruits relative to other food types. Although some more recent studies have suggested that dietary categories may be poor predictors of contest competition among primates, to date there have been no broad, cross-taxa comparisons of rates of female-female agonism in relation to diet. This study tests whether dietary variables do indeed predict rates of female agonism and further investigates the role of group size (i.e., number of competitors) and substrate use (i.e., degree of arboreality) on the frequency of agonism. Data from 44 wild, unprovisioned groups, including 3 strepsirhine species, 3 platyrrhines, 5 colobines, 10 cercopithecines, and 2 hominoids were analyzed using phylogenetically controlled and uncontrolled methods. Results indicate that diet does not predict agonistic rates, with trends actually being in the opposite direction than predicted for all taxa except cercopithecines. In contrast, agonistic rates are positively associated with group size and possibly degree of terrestriality. Competitor density and perhaps the risk of fighting, thus, appear more important than general diet in predicting agonism among female primates. We discuss the implications of these results for socio-ecological hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Wheeler
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center , 37077 Göttingen, Kellnerweg 4 , Germany , ; Courant Research Centre "Evolution of Social Behaviour", University of Göttingen , 37077 Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6 , Germany
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31
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Relative Dominance and Resource Availability Mediate Mantled Howler (Alouatta palliata) Spatial Responses to Neighbors’ Loud Calls. INT J PRIMATOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-013-9713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Roberts SJ, Cords M. Group size but not dominance rank predicts the probability of conception in a frugivorous primate. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-013-1607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Koenig A, Scarry CJ, Wheeler BC, Borries C. Variation in grouping patterns, mating systems and social structure: what socio-ecological models attempt to explain. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120348. [PMID: 23569296 PMCID: PMC3638451 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Socio-ecological models aim to predict the variation in social systems based on a limited number of ecological parameters. Since the 1960s, the original model has taken two paths: one relating to grouping patterns and mating systems and one relating to grouping patterns and female social structure. Here, we review the basic ideas specifically with regard to non-human primates, present new results and point to open questions. While most primates live in permanent groups and exhibit female defence polygyny, recent studies indicate more flexibility with cooperative male resource defence occurring repeatedly in all radiations. In contrast to other animals, the potential link between ecology and these mating systems remains, however, largely unexplored. The model of the ecology of female social structure has often been deemed successful, but has recently been criticized. We show that the predicted association of agonistic rates and despotism (directional consistency of relationships) was not supported in a comparative test. The overall variation in despotism is probably due to phylogenetic grade shifts. At the same time, it varies within clades more or less in the direction predicted by the model. This suggests that the model's utility may lie in predicting social variation within but not across clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koenig
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4364, USA.
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34
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Heesen M, Rogahn S, Ostner J, Schülke O. Food abundance affects energy intake and reproduction in frugivorous female Assamese macaques. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-013-1530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Shaffer CA. Gis analysis of patch use and group cohesiveness of bearded sakis (chiropotes sagulatus) in the upper essequibo conservation concession, guyana. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 150:235-46. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Clutton-Brock T, Janson C. Primate socioecology at the crossroads: Past, present, and future. Evol Anthropol 2012; 21:136-50. [DOI: 10.1002/evan.21316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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EL ALAMI ABDERRAZAK, VAN LAVIEREN ELS, RACHIDA ABOUFATIMA, CHAIT ABDERRAHMAN. Differences in Activity Budgets and Diet Between Semiprovisioned and Wild-Feeding Groups of the Endangered Barbary Macaque (Macaca sylvanus) in the Central High Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Am J Primatol 2012; 74:210-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.21989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ABDERRAZAK EL ALAMI
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; Neurobiology and Behavior; Faculty of Sciences; Semlalia, University of Caddy Ayyad; Rue de Prince Moulay Abdellah; Marrakech; Morocco
| | - ELS VAN LAVIEREN
- Moroccan Primate Conservation Foundation; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - ABOUFATIMA RACHIDA
- Laboratory of Bioengineering; Faculty of Sciences and Technology; University of Sultan Moulay Slimane; Beni Mellal; Morocco
| | - ABDERRAHMAN CHAIT
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; Neurobiology and Behavior; Faculty of Sciences; Semlalia, University of Caddy Ayyad; Rue de Prince Moulay Abdellah; Marrakech; Morocco
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38
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Krishnadas M, Chandrasekhara K, Kumar A. The response of the frugivorous lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus) to a period of fruit scarcity. Am J Primatol 2011; 73:1250-60. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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39
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Izar P, Verderane MP, Peternelli-Dos-Santos L, Mendonça-Furtado O, Presotto A, Tokuda M, Visalberghi E, Fragaszy D. Flexible and conservative features of social systems in tufted capuchin monkeys: comparing the socioecology of Sapajus libidinosus and Sapajus nigritus. Am J Primatol 2011; 74:315-31. [PMID: 21656840 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Socioecological models assume that primates adapt their social behavior to ecological conditions, and predict that food availability and distribution, predation risk and risk of infanticide by males affect patterns of social organization, social structure and mating system of primates. However, adaptability and variation of social behavior may be constrained by conservative adaptations and by phylogenetic inertia. The comparative study of closely related species can help to identify the relative contribution of ecological and of genetic determinants to primate social systems. We compared ecological features and social behavior of two species of the genus Sapajus, S. nigritus in Carlos Botelho State Park, an area of Atlantic Forest in São Paulo state, and S. libidinosus in Fazenda Boa Vista, a semi-arid habitat in Piauí state, Brazil. S. libidinosus perceived higher predation risk and fed on clumped, high quality, and usurpable resources (fruits) all year round, whereas S. nigritus perceived lower predation risk and relied on evenly distributed, low-quality food sources (leaves) during periods of fruit shortage. As predicted by socioecology models, S. libidinosus females were philopatric and established linear and stable dominance hierarchies, coalitions, and grooming relationships. S. nigritus females competed less often, and could transfer between groups, which might explain the lack of coalitions and grooming bonds among them. Both populations presented similar group size and composition and the same polygynous mating system. The species differed from each other in accordance with differences in the characteristics of their main food sources, as predicted by socioecological models, suggesting that phylogenetic inertia does not constrain social relationships established among female Sapajus. The similarity in mating systems indicates that this element of the social system is not affected by ecological variables and thus, is a more conservative behavioral feature of the genus Sapajus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Izar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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40
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Vogel ER, Janson CH. Quantifying Primate Food Distribution and Abundance for Socioecological Studies: An Objective Consumer-centered Method. INT J PRIMATOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-011-9498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Within-group spatial position in ring-tailed coatis: balancing predation, feeding competition, and social competition. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-010-1056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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43
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Gunst N, Leca JB, Boinski S, Fragaszy D. The ontogeny of handling hard-to-process food in wild brown capuchins (Cebus apella apella): evidence from foraging on the fruit of Maximiliana maripa. Am J Primatol 2010; 72:960-73. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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44
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Sbeglia GC, Tang-Martinez Z, Sussman RW. Effects of food, proximity, and kinship on social behavior in ringtailed lemurs. Am J Primatol 2010; 72:981-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Leca JB, Gunst N, Huffman MA. Indirect social influence in the maintenance of the stone-handling tradition in Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata. Anim Behav 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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46
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Koenig A, Borries C. The lost dream of ecological determinism: Time to say goodbye? … Or a White Queen's proposal? Evol Anthropol 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/evan.20225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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47
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Matthews LJ. Activity Patterns, Home Range Size, and Intergroup Encounters in Cebus albifrons Support Existing Models of Capuchin Socioecology. INT J PRIMATOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-009-9370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Chancellor RL, Isbell LA. Food site residence time and female competitive relationships in wild gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2009; 63:1447-1458. [PMID: 19633733 PMCID: PMC2714887 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-009-0805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/31/2009] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Authors of socioecological models propose that food distribution affects female social relationships in that clumped food resources, such as fruit, result in strong dominance hierarchies and favor coalition formation with female relatives. A number of Old World monkey species have been used to test predictions of the socioecological models. However, arboreal forest-living Old World monkeys have been understudied in this regard, and it is legitimate to ask whether predominantly arboreal primates living in tropical forests exhibit similar or different patterns of behavior. Therefore, the goal of our study was to investigate female dominance relationships in relation to food in gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena). Since gray-cheeked mangabeys are largely frugivorous, we predicted that females would have linear dominance hierarchies and form coalitions. In addition, recent studies suggest that long food site residence time is another important factor in eliciting competitive interactions. Therefore, we also predicted that when foods had long site residence times, higher-ranking females would be able to spend longer at the resource than lower-ranking females. Analyses showed that coalitions were rare relative to some other Old World primate species, but females had linear dominance hierarchies. We found that, contrary to expectation, fruit was not associated with more agonism and did not involve long site residence times. However, bark, a food with a long site residence time and potentially high resource value, was associated with more agonism, and higher-ranking females were able to spend more time feeding on it than lower-ranking females. These results suggest that higher-ranking females may benefit from higher food and energy intake rates when food site residence times are long. These findings also add to accumulating evidence that food site residence time is a behavioral contributor to female dominance hierarchies in group-living species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Chancellor
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA USA
- Gishwati Area Conservation Program, Great Ape Trust of Iowa, P.O. Box 538, Gisenyi, Rwanda
| | - Lynne A. Isbell
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA USA
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49
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Hanya G. Effects of Food Type and Number of Feeding Sites in a Tree on Aggression During Feeding in Wild Macaca fuscata. INT J PRIMATOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-009-9361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Asensio N, Korstjens AH, Aureli F. Fissioning minimizes ranging costs in spider monkeys: a multiple-level approach. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-008-0699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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