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Séon N, Brasseur I, Scala C, Tacail T, Catteau S, Fourel F, Vincent P, Lécuyer C, Suan G, Charbonnier S, Vinçon-Laugier A, Amiot R. Determination of water balance maintenance in Orcinus orca and Tursiops truncatus using oxygen isotopes. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245648. [PMID: 37901938 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The secondary adaptation of Cetacea to a fully marine lifestyle raises the question of their ability to maintain their water balance in a hyperosmotic environment. Cetacea have access to four potential sources of water: surrounding salt oceanic water, dietary free water, metabolic water and inhaled water vapour to a lesser degree. Here, we measured the 18O/16O oxygen isotope ratio of blood plasma from 13 specimens belonging to two species of Cetacea raised under human care (four killer whales Orcinus orca, nine common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus) to investigate and quantify the contribution of preformed water (dietary free water, surrounding salt oceanic water) and metabolic water to Cetacea body water using a box-modelling approach. The oxygen isotope composition of Cetacea blood plasma indicates that dietary free water and metabolic water contribute to more than 90% of the total water input in weight for cetaceans, with the remaining 10% consisting of inhaled water vapour and surrounding water accidentally ingested or absorbed through the skin. Moreover, the contribution of metabolic water appears to be more important in organisms with a more lipid-rich diet. Beyond these physiological and conservation biology implications, this study opens up questions that need to be addressed, such as the applicability of the oxygen isotope composition of cetacean body fluids and skeletal elements as an environmental proxy of the oxygen isotope composition of present and past marine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Séon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, LGL-TPE, UMR 5276, CNRS, ENSL, UJM, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), CNRS, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | | | | | - Théo Tacail
- Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sidonie Catteau
- Marineland, 2 Route de la Brague, 06600 Antibes, France
- Réseau Tortues Marines de Méditerranée Française, Société Herpétologique de France, 57 Rue 15 Cuvier, CP4157, 75005 Paris, France
| | - François Fourel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, CNRS UMR 5023, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Peggy Vincent
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), CNRS, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - Christophe Lécuyer
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, LGL-TPE, UMR 5276, CNRS, ENSL, UJM, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillaume Suan
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, LGL-TPE, UMR 5276, CNRS, ENSL, UJM, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvain Charbonnier
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), CNRS, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - Arnauld Vinçon-Laugier
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, LGL-TPE, UMR 5276, CNRS, ENSL, UJM, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Romain Amiot
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, LGL-TPE, UMR 5276, CNRS, ENSL, UJM, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Mancuso CJ, Ehleringer JR, Newsome SD. Examination of amino acid hydrogen isotope measurements of scalp hair for region-of-origin studies. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2023; 37:e9442. [PMID: 36411248 PMCID: PMC10518903 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hydrogen isotope (δ2 H) analysis of keratinaceous bulk tissues has been used in forensic science to reconstruct an individual's travel history or determine their region-of-origin. Here, we use a compound-specific approach to examine patterns of individual amino acid δ2 H values in relation to those of local tap water, bulk scalp hair tissues, and region-of-origin. METHODS We measured δ2 H values of amino acids in anonymously collected scalp hair (n = 67) and tap water from 28 locations in the United States. Samples were hydrolyzed into their constituent amino acids, derivatized alongside in-house reference materials, and analyzed in triplicate using a GC-C-IRMS system. RESULTS Non-essential amino acid (AANESS ) δ2 H values and their corresponding tap water samples varied systematically across continental regions. Hydrogen isotope values of alanine, glutamic acid, and glycine were significantly correlated with tap water and an estimated 42%-51% of the hydrogen atoms in these AANESS were derived from tap water. We used linear discriminate analysis (LDA) to explore regional patterns in scalp hair bulk tissue and amino acid δ2 H values. For the model that included AANESS data, 87% of the variance was explained by the first linear discriminant axis (LD1), and was driven by bulk hair tissue, alanine, and proline. This model had an overall 72% successful reclassification with samples from the south and northwest regions reclassifying correctly 92% and 78% of the time, respectively. For the model that included AAESS data, LD1 explained 81% of the variation and was driven bulk hair, threonine, valine, phenylalanine, and isoleucine. The overall reclassification rate for the model that included AAESS was 70%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that δ2 H analyses of AANESS and AAESS could help improve geolocation models for human and wildlife forensics by simultaneously providing information about both dietary and tap water inputs of hydrogen to tissue synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seth D. Newsome
- University of New Mexico, Department of Biology, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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Valenzuela LO, O'Grady SP, Ehleringer JR. Variations in human body water isotope composition across the United States. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 327:110990. [PMID: 34500129 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Accurate human provenancing using stable isotopes depends directly on solid understandings of the geographic and individual factors affecting isotope variability and incorporation into human tissues. Transfer of isotopic, and therefore spatial, information between environmental water and biological tissues is mediated by the isotopic composition of body water. Thus, there is a need to study body water isotope ratios at a population level and over a large isotopic and geographic range. We evaluated oxygen (δ18Obw) and hydrogen (δ2Hbw) isotope values of body water from 72 volunteers in 10 different cities across the US, and over a 5-10-day period. We analyzed covariates (e.g., water intake, physical activity, biometrics, gender) that might explain individual stable isotope ratio variations and tested a predictive model that incorporates the δ-values of drinking water, food, and O2 as well as individual variables to predict the δ-values of body water. The individual variability in body water isotope values overtime (mean 0.3‰ for δ18Obw and 2.3‰ for δ2Hbw) was lower than the intra-city variability (mean 0.9‰ for δ18Obw and 6.9‰ for δ2Hbw). Body water isotope values differed among cities (ANOVA: δ18ObwF = 97.2, p < 0.001; δ2HbwF = 176.2, p < 0.001). However, significant overlap among some cities with different drinking water was discovered. We detected significant covariation of measured drinking water and human body water isotope values (both isotope systems R2 ≥ 0.89, p < 0.001) and small but significant effects of the average daily exercise and amount of fluid intake. The differences between measured and model-predicted body water values (mean 0.12 ± 1.2‰ for Δδ18O and -1.2 ± 8.2‰ for Δδ2H) were statistically indistinguishable from zero (Δδ18O t = -0.751, p = 0.45; Δδ2H t = 1.133, p = 0.26). Here we show that community level variation exists in the δ18Obw and δ2Hbw values and the primary drivers are the regional differences in drinking water isotopes. Consistency of the body water isotope composition over the study period suggests that tissues would incorporate a stable isotope signal over time. The amount of drinking water and physical activity influence body water values, while the variation in the isotopic values of food may contribute to regional level variability, but that still remains to be assessed further. The human body water model provides accurate estimates for measured values, capturing and reproducing the main features of the body water isotope variation across space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano O Valenzuela
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana (LEEH), Unidad de Enseñanza Universitaria Quequén, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Argentina; School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, USA.
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Abstract
The relationship between hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopic compositions in environmental water and hair was investigated for both domestic cats (Felis catus) and dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). A strong, but different, covariance was measured between the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopic compositions of local precipitation and hair keratin from both cats and dogs. These isotopic differences are most likely a result of the differences between the dietary and drinking water needs of cats compared to dogs. Moreover, the δ2H and δ18O values of hair from captive and wild felids and canids, such as cougars (Puma concolor), bobcats (Lynx rufus), and wolves (Canis lupus) are broadly consistent with these measurements. This evidence indicates that while the water budgets of terrestrial mammalian carnivores need to be considered in isotopic applications, it is clear that felids and canids may be placed on tissue–specific hydrogen and oxygen isotopic landscapes for ecological, provenance, or forensic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoff Koehler
- NHRC Stable Isotope Laboratory, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Keith A. Hobson
- NHRC Stable Isotope Laboratory, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Mancuso CJ, Ehleringer JR. Resident and Nonresident Fingernail Isotopes Reveal Diet and Travel Patterns,. J Forensic Sci 2018; 64:77-87. [PMID: 29975989 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Global travel has increased, and having a diagnostic tool to distinguish residents from visitors would be valuable. This study examined stable isotope biomarkers of fingernail tissues of resident (n = 26) and nonresident (n = 22) participants in Salt Lake City (SLC), UT, from 2015 to 2016. The purpose of this research was to determine whether fingernail isotopes could be used for reconstructing geolocation movements and to examine the convergence in nonresident fingernail isotopes to that of the resident signal following their arrival to SLC. Resident isotope values defined a baseline to make comparisons to. Initial nonresident hydrogen and oxygen isotope values were correlated with precipitation isotopes of their prior location. Fingernail isotope turnover rates were rapid and nonresident isotopes were indistinguishable from residents after ~71-90 days. The results of our study highlight the utility of stable isotope measurements of fingernail clippings to examine travel history reconstruction that could aid in identification of human remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy J Mancuso
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112
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Chesson LA, Barnette JE, Bowen GJ, Brooks JR, Casale JF, Cerling TE, Cook CS, Douthitt CB, Howa JD, Hurley JM, Kreuzer HW, Lott MJ, Martinelli LA, O'Grady SP, Podlesak DW, Tipple BJ, Valenzuela LO, West JB. Applying the principles of isotope analysis in plant and animal ecology to forensic science in the Americas. Oecologia 2018; 187:1077-94. [PMID: 29955984 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The heart of forensic science is application of the scientific method and analytical approaches to answer questions central to solving a crime: Who, What, When, Where, and How. Forensic practitioners use fundamentals of chemistry and physics to examine evidence and infer its origin. In this regard, ecological researchers have had a significant impact on forensic science through the development and application of a specialized measurement technique-isotope analysis-for examining evidence. Here, we review the utility of isotope analysis in forensic settings from an ecological perspective, concentrating on work from the Americas completed within the last three decades. Our primary focus is on combining plant and animal physiological models with isotope analyses for source inference. Examples of the forensic application of isotopes-including stable isotopes, radiogenic isotopes, and radioisotopes-span from cotton used in counterfeit bills to anthrax shipped through the U.S. Postal Service and from beer adulterated with cheap adjuncts to human remains discovered in shallow graves. Recent methodological developments and the generation of isotope landscapes, or isoscapes, for data interpretation promise that isotope analysis will be a useful tool in ecological and forensic studies for decades to come.
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Mancuso CJ, Ehleringer JR. Traveling There and Back Again: A Fingernail's Tale. J Forensic Sci 2018; 64:69-76. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tipple BJ, Valenzuela LO, Ehleringer JR. Strontium isotope ratios of human hair record intra-city variations in tap water source. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3334. [PMID: 29463835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxygen (18O/16O) isotope analysis of hair is commonly applied to reconstruct an individual’s residence history. However, region-of-origin as determined from oxygen isotope values (δ18O) alone is often spatially indistinct. Adding additional geochemical recorders can refine region-of-origin estimates. In this capacity, strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotope analysis has attracted increased interest. While 87Sr/86Sr reflects the influences of local geology, 87Sr/86Sr of hair includes both external environmental signals as well as the internal dietary indicators. To better understand the impact of these contributions to the spatial signal encoded within 87Sr/86Sr of hair, human hair was collected from three locations within Salt Lake City, Utah along with the donor’s sex. The 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O of hair and local tap water were measured. There were no significant relationships between sex and either δ18O or 87Sr/86Sr of hair, nor between collection location and the δ18O of hair. However, we found significant associations between collection location and 87Sr/86Sr of hair. These findings suggest that interactions with local water may be an important source of Sr to human hair and that the 87Sr/86Sr of hair may have the capacity to record differences in 87Sr/86Sr of tap waters on small spatial scales.
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Chau TH, Tipple BJ, Hu L, Fernandez DP, Cerling TE, Ehleringer JR, Chesson LA. Reconstruction of travel history using coupled δ 18 O and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr measurements of hair. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2017; 31:583-589. [PMID: 28063236 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Oxygen isotope ratios (δ18 O values) of hair largely reflect features of regional hydrology while strontium isotope ratios (87 Sr/86 Sr) are thought to reflect bedrock geology; combination of both isotope signatures may provide greater capacity for determining provenance and reconstructing travel history of an organism. To test this hypothesis, we compared the O-Sr isotope profiles of hair from domestic horses with known residency histories. METHODS Tail hairs were collected from a pair of horses pastured together for a period of 16 months, one of which lived in a different location for the 8 months prior. Hair samples were washed with solvents to remove external contaminants prior to sequential sampling for δ18 O and 87 Sr/86 Sr analysis via TC/EA-IRMS and MC-ICP-MS, respectively. Hair digests were concentrated and analyzed employing low-flow natural aspiration to measure 87 Sr/86 Sr. RESULTS Tail hair from the control and transported horses had mean δ18 O values of 11.25 ± 1.62 ‰ and 10.96 ± 1.53 ‰, and mean 87 Sr/86 Sr of 0.7101 ± 0.0006 and 0.7109 ± 0.0020, respectively. The δ18 O and 87 Sr/86 Sr profiles for the control and transported horses were indistinguishable when they were pastured together. The 87 Sr/86 Sr profiles were significantly different during the period that the horses were living apart, while the δ18 O values were indistinguishable during that period. CONCLUSIONS By comparing the O-Sr isotope profiles of a control and transported horse, we investigated isotopic signal(s) potentially useful for reconstructing travel histories via high-resolution sequential sampling along single strands of tail hair. Improved analytical capabilities allowed for extremely low Sr abundance samples to be analyzed for 87 Sr/86 Sr and proved capable of resolving a horse's movement between distinct regions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuan H Chau
- IsoForensics, Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Brett J Tipple
- IsoForensics, Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Lihai Hu
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, 115 S 1460 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Diego P Fernandez
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, 115 S 1460 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Thure E Cerling
- IsoForensics, Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, 115 S 1460 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - James R Ehleringer
- IsoForensics, Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Lesley A Chesson
- IsoForensics, Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
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Chen G, Schnyder H, Auerswald K. Model explanation of the seasonal variation of δ 18O in cow (Bos taurus) hair under temperate conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:320. [PMID: 28337022 PMCID: PMC5428254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen isotopes (δ18O) in animal and human tissues are expected to be good recorders of geographical origin and migration histories. However, seasonal variation of δ18O may diminish the origin information in the tissues. Here the seasonality of δ18O in tail hair was investigated in a domestic suckler cow (Bos taurus) that underwent different ambient conditions, physiological states, keeping and feeding during five years. A detailed mechanistic model was built to explain this variation. The measured δ18O in hair significantly related (p < 0.05) to the δ18O in meteoric water in a regression analysis. Modelling suggested that this relation was only partly derived from the direct influence of feed moisture. Ambient conditions (temperature, moisture) also affected the animal itself (drinking water demand, transcutaneous vapor etc.). The clear temporal variation thus resulted from complex interactions with multiple influences. The twofold influence of ambient conditions via the feed and via the animal itself is advantageous for tracing the geographic origin because δ18O is then less influenced by variations in moisture uptake; however, it is unfavorable for indicating the production system, e.g. to distinguish between milk produced from fresh grass or from silage. The model is versatile but needs testing under a wider range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Hans Schnyder
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Karl Auerswald
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany.
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Roberts P, Gaffney D, Lee-Thorp J, Summerhayes G. Persistent tropical foraging in the highlands of terminal Pleistocene/Holocene New Guinea. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:44. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-016-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Vander Zanden HB, Soto DX, Bowen GJ, Hobson KA. Expanding the Isotopic Toolbox: Applications of Hydrogen and Oxygen Stable Isotope Ratios to Food Web Studies. Front Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Dzhimak SS, Basov AA, Baryshev MG. Content of deuterium in biological fluids and organs: Influence of deuterium depleted water on D/H gradient and the process of adaptation. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2016; 465:370-3. [PMID: 26728727 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672915060071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is found that consumption of deuterium depleted water reduces not only the content of deuterium in biological fluids but also more than 2 times reduces the D/H gradient value along the line: mixed saliva > blood plasma. The experimental data showed that a physiological solution prepared on deuterium depleted water during induced apoptosis activates the DNA repair system, significantly reducing the number of single-stranded DNA breaks, which, in general, indicates an increase in the efficiency of defensive systems of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Dzhimak
- Kuban State University, ul. Stavropol'skaya 149, Krasnodar, 350040, Russia.
| | - A A Basov
- Kuban State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, ul. Sedina 4, Krasnodar, 350000, Russia
| | - M G Baryshev
- Kuban State University, ul. Stavropol'skaya 149, Krasnodar, 350040, Russia
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Crowley BE, Reitsema LJ, Oelze VM, Sponheimer M. Advances in primate stable isotope ecology-Achievements and future prospects. Am J Primatol 2015; 78:995-1003. [PMID: 26683892 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotope biogeochemistry has been used to investigate foraging ecology in non-human primates for nearly 30 years. Whereas early studies focused on diet, more recently, isotopic analysis has been used to address a diversity of ecological questions ranging from niche partitioning to nutritional status to variability in life history traits. With this increasing array of applications, stable isotope analysis stands to make major contributions to our understanding of primate behavior and biology. Most notably, isotopic data provide novel insights into primate feeding behaviors that may not otherwise be detectable. This special issue brings together some of the recent advances in this relatively new field. In this introduction to the special issue, we review the state of isotopic applications in primatology and its origins and describe some developing methodological issues, including techniques for analyzing different tissue types, statistical approaches, and isotopic baselines. We then discuss the future directions we envision for the field of primate isotope ecology. Am. J. Primatol. 78:995-1003, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Crowley
- Departments of Geology and Anthropology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | | | - Vicky M Oelze
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matt Sponheimer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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Oelze VM. Reconstructing temporal variation in great ape and other primate diets: A methodological framework for isotope analyses in hair. Am J Primatol 2015; 78:1004-16. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicky M. Oelze
- Department of Primatology; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
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Abstract
Developments in forensic mass spectrometry tend to follow, rather than lead, the developments in other disciplines. Examples of techniques having forensic potential born independently of forensic applications include ambient ionization, imaging mass spectrometry, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, portable mass spectrometers, and hyphenated chromatography-mass spectrometry instruments, to name a few. Forensic science has the potential to benefit enormously from developments that are funded by other means, if only the infrastructure and personnel existed to adopt, validate, and implement the new technologies into casework. Perhaps one unique area in which forensic science is at the cutting edge is in the area of chemometrics and the determination of likelihood ratios for the evaluation of the weight of evidence. Such statistical techniques have been developed most extensively for ignitable-liquid residue analyses and isotope ratio analysis. This review attempts to capture the trends, motivating forces, and likely impact of developing areas of forensic mass spectrometry, with the caveat that none of this research is likely to have any real impact in the forensic community unless: (a) The instruments developed are turned into robust black boxes with red and green lights for positives and negatives, respectively, or (b) there are PhD graduates in the workforce who can help adopt these sophisticated techniques.
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Mladin C, Ciobica A, Lefter R, Popescu A, Bild W. Deuterium-depleted water has stimulating effects on long-term memory in rats. Neurosci Lett 2014; 583:154-8. [PMID: 25263786 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Deuterium-depleted water (DDW) is a water which has a 6-7-fold less concentration of the naturally occurring deuterium (20-25ppm vs. 150ppm). While administrated for a longer period, it may reduce the concentration of deuterium throughout the body, thus activating cellular mechanisms which are depending on protons (channels, pumps, enzyme proteins). The aim of the present work was to study, for the first time in our knowledge, the possible influence of deuterium-depleted water (DDW) chronic administration in normal Wistar rats, as compared to a control group which received distilled water, on spatial working memory and the locomotor activity (as studied through Y-maze) or both short-term and long-term spatial memory (assed in radial 8 arms-maze task). Our results presented here showed no significant modifications in terms of spatial working memory (assessed through spontaneous alternation percentage) and locomotor activity (expressed through the number of arm entries) in Y-maze, as a result of DDW ingestion. Also, no significant differences between the DDW and control group were found in terms of the number of working memory errors in the eight-arm radial maze, as a parameter of short-term memory. Still, we observed a significant decrease for the number of reference memory errors in the DDW rats. In this way, we could speculate that the administration of DDW may generate an improvement of the reference memory, as an index of long-term memory. Thus, we can reach the conclusion that the change between the deuterium/hydrogen balance may have important consequences for the mechanisms that govern long-term memory, as showed here especially in the behavioral parameters from the eight-arm radial maze task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Mladin
- University of Craiova, Faculty of Chemistry, Craiova, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Blvd., 700506 Iasi, Romania; Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, Romania.
| | - Radu Lefter
- Romanian Academy Iasi Branch, SOP HRD/159/1.5/S/133675 Project
| | | | - Walther Bild
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, Romania; Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Reitsema LJ. Beyond diet reconstruction: stable isotope applications to human physiology, health, and nutrition. Am J Hum Biol 2013; 25:445-56. [PMID: 23784719 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes from soft or mineralized tissues is a direct and widely-used technique for modeling diets. In addition to its continued role in paleodiet analysis, stable isotope analysis is now contributing to studies of physiology, disease, and nutrition in archaeological and living human populations. In humans and other animals, dietary uptake and distribution of carbon and nitrogen among mineralized and soft tissue is carried out with varying efficiency due to factors of internal biology. Human pathophysiologies may lead to pathology-influenced isotopic fractionation that can be exploited to understand not just skeletal health and diet, but physiological health and nutrition. This study reviews examples from human biology, non-human animal ecology, biomedicine, and bioarchaeology demonstrating how stable isotope analyses are usefully applied to the study of physiological adaptation and adaptability. Suggestions are made for future directions in applying stable isotope analysis to the study of nutritional stress, disease, and growth and development in living and past human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J Reitsema
- Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Zenteno L, Crespo E, Goodall N, Aguilar A, de Oliveira L, Drago M, Secchi ER, Garcia N, Cardona L. Stable isotopes of oxygen reveal dispersal patterns of the South American sea lion in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. J Zool (1987) 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Zenteno
- Department of Animal Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - E. Crespo
- Laboratory of Marine Mammals; Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT-CONICET); Puerto Madryn Argentina
- National University of Patagonia; Puerto Madryn Argentina
| | - N. Goodall
- Museo Acatushún de Aves y Mamíferos Marinos Australes; Ushuaia Tierra del Fuego Argentina
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Ushuaia Tierra del Fuego Argentina
| | - A. Aguilar
- Department of Animal Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - L. de Oliveira
- Study Group of Aquatic Mammals of Rio Grande do Sul (GEMARS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - M. Drago
- Department of Animal Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - E. R. Secchi
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha; Instituto de Oceanografia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG); Río Grande RS Brazil
| | - N. Garcia
- Laboratory of Marine Mammals; Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT-CONICET); Puerto Madryn Argentina
- National University of Patagonia; Puerto Madryn Argentina
| | - L. Cardona
- Department of Animal Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J. Reitsema
- Department of Anthropology; University of Georgia; Athens; Georgia; 30602
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