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Glick VJ, Power ML. Macronutrient composition of milk from captive southern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina). Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23570. [PMID: 37876290 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Milk composition is a fundamental aspect of mammalian reproduction. Differences in milk composition between species may reflect phylogeny, dietary ecology, lactation strategy, and infant growth patterns, but may also vary within a species due to maternal body condition. This study presents the first published data on milk macronutrient composition of southern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) and compares the results with data on two other Cercopithecine species. Milk samples were obtained from five dams at 10- and 14-weeks postparturition. Macronutrient composition was determined at the Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute using proven methods developed over 30 years. On average (±SEM), the milk contained 83.9 ± 0.4% water, 6.7 ± 0.4% fat, 7.6 ± 0.1% sugar, 1.8 ± 0.1% protein, and 0.22 ± 0.01% mineral content. The Ca:P ratio was 1.8; concentrations of Ca and protein were correlated. Mean gross energy was 1.02 ± 0.03 kcal/g with most of the energy coming from fat (59.6 ± 1.5%), followed by sugar (29.9 ± 1.4%) and protein (10.5 ± 0.5%). The milks at 14 weeks of infant age were higher in energy than the milks at 10 weeks, with an increase in energy from fat (p = 0.005) and decrease in energy from sugar (p = 0.018). The energy from protein did not change (p = 0.272). Compared to captive rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) and olive baboon (Papio anubis) milk assayed by identical methods, captive pig-tailed macaque milk was higher in energy, but after accounting for the higher milk energy there was no difference in the proportions of milk energy from protein, fat, and sugar. The captive pig-tailed dams were significantly heavier than reported values for wild pig-tailed macaques, suggesting high body condition. High body condition in captive Cercopithecines appears to result in milk higher in energy, with more energy coming from fat and less from sugar. However, variation in the proportion of milk energy from protein in captive Cercopithecine milks appears relatively constrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia J Glick
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Michael L Power
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Pang W, Song JH, Lu Y, Zhang XL, Zheng HY, Jiang J, Zheng YT. Host Restriction Factors APOBEC3G/3F and Other Interferon-Related Gene Expressions Affect Early HIV-1 Infection in Northern Pig-Tailed Macaque ( Macaca leonina). Front Immunol 2018; 9:1965. [PMID: 30210504 PMCID: PMC6120991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The northern pig-tailed macaques (NPMs) lack TRIM5α, an antiviral restriction factor, and instead have TRIM5-CypA. In our previous study, we demonstrated that HIV-1NL4-3 successfully infected NPMs and formed a long-term viral reservoir in vivo. However, the HIV-1-infected NPMs showed relatively high viremia in the first 6 weeks of infection, which declined thereafter suggesting that HIV-1 NL4-3 infection in these animals was only partly permissive. To optimize HIV-1 infection in NPMs therefore, we generated HIV-1NL4-R3A and stHIV-1sv, and infected NPMs with these viruses. HIV-1NL4-R3A and stHIV-1sv can replicate persistently in NPMs during 41 weeks of acute infection stage. Compared to the HIV-1NL4-R3A, stHIV-1sv showed a notably higher level of replication, and the NPMs infected with the latter induced a more robust neutralizing antibody but a weaker cellular immune response. In addition, IFN-I signaling was significantly up-regulated with the viral replication, and was higher in the stHIV-1sv infected macaques. Consequently, the sequences of pro-viral env showed fewer G-A hyper-mutations in stHIV-1sv, suggesting that vif gene of SIV could antagonize the antiviral effects of APOBEC3 proteins in NPMs. Taken together, NPMs infected with HIV-1NL4-R3A and stHIV-1sv show distinct virological and immunological features. Furthermore, interferon-related gene expression might play a role in controlling primary HIV-1NL4-R3A and stHIV-1sv replication in NPMs. This result suggests NPM is a potential HIV/AIDS animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Semler MR, Wiseman RW, Karl JA, Graham ME, Gieger SM, O'Connor DH. Novel full-length major histocompatibility complex class I allele discovery and haplotype definition in pig-tailed macaques. Immunogenetics 2018; 70:381-399. [PMID: 29134258 PMCID: PMC7153738 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-017-1042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina, Mane) are important models for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) studies. Their infectability with minimally modified HIV makes them a uniquely valuable animal model to mimic human infection with HIV and progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, variation in the pig-tailed macaque major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and the impact of individual transcripts on the pathogenesis of HIV and other infectious diseases is understudied compared to that of rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. In this study, we used Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time circular consensus sequencing to describe full-length MHC class I (MHC-I) transcripts for 194 pig-tailed macaques from three breeding centers. We then used the full-length sequences to infer Mane-A and Mane-B haplotypes containing groups of MHC-I transcripts that co-segregate due to physical linkage. In total, we characterized full-length open reading frames (ORFs) for 313 Mane-A, Mane-B, and Mane-I sequences that defined 86 Mane-A and 106 Mane-B MHC-I haplotypes. Pacific Biosciences technology allows us to resolve these Mane-A and Mane-B haplotypes to the level of synonymous allelic variants. The newly defined haplotypes and transcript sequences containing full-length ORFs provide an important resource for infectious disease researchers as certain MHC haplotypes have been shown to provide exceptional control of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication and prevention of AIDS-like disease in nonhuman primates. The increased allelic resolution provided by Pacific Biosciences sequencing also benefits transplant research by allowing researchers to more specifically match haplotypes between donors and recipients to the level of nonsynonymous allelic variation, thus reducing the risk of graft-versus-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Semler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Roger W Wiseman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Julie A Karl
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Michael E Graham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Samantha M Gieger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
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Pang W, Zhang GH, Jiang J, Zheng HY, Zhang LT, Zhang XL, Song JH, Zhang MX, Zhu JW, Lei AH, Tian RR, Liu XM, Zhang L, Gao G, Su L, Zheng YT. HIV-1 can infect northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina) and form viral reservoirs in vivo. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:1315-1324. [PMID: 36659293 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Viral reservoirs of HIV-1 are a major obstacle for curing AIDS. The novel animal models that can be directly infected with HIV-1 will contribute to develop effective strategies for eradicating infections. Here, we inoculated 4 northern pig-tailed macaques (NPM) with the HIV-1 strain HIV-1NL4.3 and monitored the infection for approximately 3years (150weeks). The HIV-1-infected NPMs showed transient viremia for about 10weeks after infection. However, cell-associated proviral DNA and viral RNA persisted in the peripheral blood and lymphoid organs for about 3years. Moreover, replication-competent HIV-1 could be successfully recovered from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during long-term infection. The numbers of resting CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infected NPMs harboring proviruses fell within a range of 2- to 3-log10 per million cells, and these proviruses could be reactivated both ex vivo and in vivo in response to co-stimulation with the latency-reversing agents JQ1 and prostratin. Our results suggested that NPMs can be infected with HIV-1 and a long-term viral reservoir was formed in NPMs, which might serve asa potential model for HIV-1 reservoir research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Gao-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hong-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Lin-Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Jia-Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ming-Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jia-Wu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ai-Hua Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ren-Rong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Liu
- South China Institute of Endangered Animal, Guandong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guangxia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lishan Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7290, USA
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
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Widdig A, Muniz L, Minkner M, Barth Y, Bley S, Ruiz-Lambides A, Junge O, Mundry R, Kulik L. Low incidence of inbreeding in a long-lived primate population isolated for 75 years. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016; 71:18. [PMID: 28018027 PMCID: PMC5145906 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT When close relatives mate, offspring are expected to suffer fitness consequences due to inbreeding depression. Inbreeding has previously been quantified in two ways: using a sufficiently large panel of markers or deep and complete pedigrees over several generations. However, the application of both approaches is still limited by the challenge of compiling such data for species with long generation times, such as primates. Here, we assess inbreeding in rhesus macaques living on Cayo Santiago (Puerto Rico), a population genetically isolated since 1938, but descendant of a large set of presumably unrelated founders. Using comprehensive genetic data, we calculated inbreeding coefficients (F) for 2669 individuals with complete three generation pedigrees and 609 individuals with complete four generation pedigrees. We found that 0.79 and 7.39% of individuals had an F > 0 when using data from three and four generation pedigrees, respectively. No evidence of an increase in inbreeding over the study period (up to 23 years) was found. Furthermore, the observed mean relatedness of breeding pairs differed significantly from the distribution of parental relatedness expected as simulated based on previous reproductive data, suggesting that kin generally avoid breeding with each other. Finally, inbreeding was not a predictor of early mortality measured as survival until weaning and sexual maturation, respectively. Our results remain consistent with three estimators of inbreeding (standardized heterozygosity, internal relatedness, and homozygosity by loci) using up to 42 highly polymorphic microsatellites for the same set of individuals. Together, our results demonstrate that close inbreeding may not be prevalent even in populations isolated over long periods when mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance can operate. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT When close relatives mate, offspring may suffer from such inbreeding, e.g., via lower survival and/or fertility. Using (i) a large panel of genetic markers and (ii) complete three or four generation pedigrees, respectively, we show that incidences of inbreeding in a long-lived primate population are rare, even after genetic isolation for 75 years. Moreover, our simulations suggest that kin in our population generally avoid breeding with each other. Finally, the few inbred individuals detected in our large sample did not suffer from lower survival. Given that many animal species face dramatic habitat loss combined with critical population declines, our study provides important implications for conservation biology in general and for population management in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Widdig
- Junior Research Group of Primate Kin Selection, Department of Primatology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Research Group of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Deutscher Platz 5E, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Muniz
- Junior Research Group of Primate Kin Selection, Department of Primatology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Research Group of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mirjam Minkner
- Junior Research Group of Primate Kin Selection, Department of Primatology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Research Group of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Barth
- Junior Research Group of Primate Kin Selection, Department of Primatology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Research Group of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bley
- Junior Research Group of Primate Kin Selection, Department of Primatology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Research Group of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angelina Ruiz-Lambides
- Junior Research Group of Primate Kin Selection, Department of Primatology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Research Group of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Punta Santiago, PO Box 906, San Juan, PR 00741 USA
| | - Olaf Junge
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Roger Mundry
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars Kulik
- Junior Research Group of Primate Kin Selection, Department of Primatology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Research Group of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Mendoza A, Ng J, Bales K, Mendoza SP, George DA, Smith DG, Kanthaswamy S. Population genetics of the California National Primate Research Center's (CNPRC) captive Callicebus cupreus colony. Primates 2015; 56:37-44. [PMID: 25179309 PMCID: PMC4289022 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-014-0446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The California National Primate Research Center maintains a small colony of titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus) for behavioral studies. While short tandem repeat (STR) markers are critical for the genetic management of the center's rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) breeding colony, STRs are not used for this purpose in the maintenance of the center's titi monkey colony. Consequently, the genetic structure of this titi monkey population has not been characterized. A lack of highly informative genetic markers in titi monkeys has also resulted in scant knowledge of the species' genetic variation in the wild. The purpose of this study was to develop a panel of highly polymorphic titi monkey STRs using a cross-species polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification protocol that could be used for the genetic management of the titi monkey colony. We screened 16 STR primer pairs and selected those that generated robust and reproducible polymorphic amplicons. Loci that were found to be highly polymorphic, very likely to be useful for parentage verification, pedigree assessment, and studying titi monkey population genetics, were validated using Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium analyses. The genetic data generated in this study were also used to assess directly the impact on the colony's genetic diversity of a recent adenovirus outbreak. While the adenovirus epizootic disease caused significant mortality (19 deaths among the 65 colony animals), our results suggest that the disease exhibited little or no influence on the overall genetic diversity of the colony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Mendoza
- University of California Graduate Program in Forensic Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jillian Ng
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 956163
| | - Karen Bales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Sally P. Mendoza
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Debra A. George
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 956163
| | - David Glenn Smith
- University of California Graduate Program in Forensic Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 956163
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Sree Kanthaswamy
- University of California Graduate Program in Forensic Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 956163
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
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Staheli JP, Dyen MR, Lewis P, Barcy S. Discovery and biological characterization of two novel pig-tailed macaque homologs of HHV-6 and HHV-7. Virology 2014; 471-473:126-40. [PMID: 25461538 PMCID: PMC4312206 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and -7 (HHV-7) are Roseoloviruses within the Betaherpesvirus family, which have a high prevalence and suspected involvement in a number of diseases. Using CODEHOP-based PCR, we identified homologs of both viruses in saliva of pig-tailed macaques, provisionally named MneHV-6 and MneHV-7. This finding supports the existence of two distinct Roseolovirus lineages before the divergence of humans and macaques. Using specific qPCR assays, high levels of MneHV-6 and MneHV-7 DNA were detected in macaque saliva, although the frequency was greater for MneHV-7. A blood screen of 283 macaques revealed 10% MneHV-6 DNA positivity and 25% MneHV-7 positivity, with higher prevalences of MneHV-6 in older females and of MneHV-7 in younger males. Levels of MneHV-6 were increased in animals coinfected with MneHV-7, and both viruses were frequently detected in salivary gland and stomach tissues. Our discovery provides a unique animal model to answer unresolved questions regarding Roseolovirus pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette P Staheli
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children׳s Research Institute, Seattle, Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Michael R Dyen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children׳s Research Institute, Seattle, Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Patrick Lewis
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children׳s Research Institute, Seattle, Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Serge Barcy
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children׳s Research Institute, Seattle, Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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