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Nava A, Lugli F, Lemmers S, Cerrito P, Mahoney P, Bondioli L, Müller W. Reading children's teeth to reconstruct life history and the evolution of human cooperation and cognition: The role of dental enamel microstructure and chemistry. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105745. [PMID: 38825260 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Studying infants in the past is crucial for understanding the evolution of human life history and the evolution of cooperation, cognition, and communication. An infant's growth, health, and mortality can provide information about the dynamics and structure of a population, their cultural practices, and the adaptive capacity of a community. Skeletal remains provide one way of accessing this information for humans recovered prior to the historical periods. Teeth in particular, are retrospective archives of information that can be accessed through morphological, micromorphological, and biogeochemical methods. This review discusses how the microanatomy and formation of teeth, and particularly enamel, serve as archives of somatic growth, stress, and the environment. Examining their role in the broader context of human evolution, we discuss dental biogeochemistry and emphasize how the incremental growth of tooth microstructure facilitates the reconstruction of temporal data related to health, diet, mobility, and stress in past societies. The review concludes by considering tooth microstructure as a biomarker and the potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Nava
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, via Caserta 6, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Federico Lugli
- Institut of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Isotope and Element Research Center (FIERCE), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Giuseppe Campi, 103, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Simone Lemmers
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., AREA Science Park, s.s. 14 km 163,500, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Cerrito
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Mahoney
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Giles Ln, Giles Ln, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, UK
| | - Luca Bondioli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Padua, Piazza Capitaniato, 7, Padua 35139, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Müller
- Institut of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Isotope and Element Research Center (FIERCE), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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McFarlane G, Loch C, Guatelli-Steinberg D, Bayle P, Le Luyer M, Sabel N, Nava A, Floyd B, Skinner M, White S, Pitfield R, Mahoney P. Enamel daily secretion rates of deciduous molars from a global sample of children. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 132:105290. [PMID: 34695672 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate and describe the variation in enamel daily secretion rates (DSRs) of naturally exfoliated deciduous molars (n = 345) from five modern-day populations (Aotearoa New Zealand, Britain, Canada, France, and Sweden). DESIGN Each tooth was thin sectioned and examined using a high-powered Olympus BX51 microscope and DP25 digital microscope camera. Mean DSRs were recorded for the inner, mid, and outer regions of cuspal and lateral enamel, excluding enamel nearest the enamel-dentin junction and at the outermost crown surface. RESULTS Mean DSRs did not vary significantly between populations, or by sex. Cuspal enamel grew slightly faster than lateral enamel (mean difference 0.16 µm per day; p < 0.001). The trajectory of DSRs remained relatively constant from inner to outer cuspal enamel and increased slightly in lateral enamel (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The DSRs of deciduous molars from modern-day children are remarkably consistent when compared among populations. While growth rates are faster in cuspal than lateral enamel, the trajectory of enamel formation changes only slightly from inner to outer regions. The trajectory of DSRs for deciduous molars differs to that of permanent molar enamel, which typically display a steep increase in matrix deposition from inner to outer enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina McFarlane
- Human Osteology Lab, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
| | - Carolina Loch
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Mona Le Luyer
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MC, UMR 5199 PACEA, Pessac, France
| | - Nina Sabel
- Department of Pedodontics, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alessia Nava
- Human Osteology Lab, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Bruce Floyd
- School of Social Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark Skinner
- Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Sophie White
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rosie Pitfield
- Human Osteology Lab, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Patrick Mahoney
- Human Osteology Lab, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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3
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Lemmers SAM, Dirks W, Street SE, Ngoubangoye B, Herbert A, Setchell JM. Dental microstructure records life history events: A histological study of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) from Gabon. J Hum Evol 2021; 158:103046. [PMID: 34332420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accentuated lines in dental microstructure are hypothesized to correlate with potentially stressful life history events, but our understanding of when, how and why such accentuated lines form in relation to stressful events is limited. We examined accentuated line formation and life history events in the teeth of three naturally deceased mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx, Cercopithecidae), for whom we had detailed life history information. We determined the ages at formation of accentuated lines in histological tooth sections and used dates of birth and death to calibrate dental histology to calendar time and individual age. We found accentuated lines that matched their mother's resumption of sexual cycles in two individuals, and possibly in the third individual. The subjects also formed lines when their mothers were mate-guarded by males or wounded. Accentuated lines matched the birth of the next sibling in one of two cases. Both females formed accentuated lines when they experienced their own sexual swelling cycles, but lines did not match all sexual swelling cycles. Mate-guarding matched an accentuated line in one case, but not in another. Lines matched all three parturitions in the two females. Changes in alpha male and captures did not consistently coincide with accentuated line formation, but repeated captures were associated with lines. Using simulated data, we show that the observed number of matches between lines and events would be very unlikely under a null hypothesis of random line formation. Our results support the hypothesis that some life history events are physiologically stressful enough to cause accentuated line formation in teeth. They contribute to our understanding of how primate life histories are recorded during dental development and enhance our ability to use teeth to reconstruct life history in the absence of direct observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A M Lemmers
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK; Science and Technology in Archaeology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Wendy Dirks
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Sally E Street
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Barthélemy Ngoubangoye
- Centre de Primatologie, Centre Internationale de Recherches Médicales, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Anaïs Herbert
- Centre de Primatologie, Centre Internationale de Recherches Médicales, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Joanna M Setchell
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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4
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van der Tas JT, Wolvius EB, Kragt L, Rivadeneira F, Moll HA, Steegers EAP, Schalekamp-Timmermans S. Caries experience among children born after a complicated pregnancy. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 49:225-231. [PMID: 33219527 PMCID: PMC8246927 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Behavioural and lifestyle factors, as oral hygiene and diet, are well‐established risk factors in the pathogenesis of dental caries, though displaying large differences in susceptibility across individuals. Since enamel formation already starts in utero, pregnancy course and outcome may eventually play a role in enamel strength and caries susceptibility. Therefore, we studied the association between history of pregnancy complications and the caries experience in their six‐year‐old children. The pregnancy complications included small for gestational age (SGA), spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), gestational hypertension (GH), pre‐eclampsia (PE), individually, and a combination of those, designated as placental syndrome. Methods This study was embedded in Generation R, a prospective longitudinal Dutch multiethnic pregnancy cohort study. Information about pregnancy complications was obtained from questionnaires completed by midwives and obstetricians with cross‐validation in medical records. These included SGA, sPTB, GH and PE. Caries experience was assessed with the decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) index at a mean age of six years. The association between dental caries experience and a history of pregnancy complications was studied by using hurdle negative binomial (HNB) models. Results We were able to assess the dmft index in 5323 six‐year‐old children (mean age 6.2 years, SD 0.5). We did not find an association between the different pregnancy complications and dental caries experience in childhood, whether for SGA, sPTB, GH, PE, or for the combined outcome placental syndrome (HNB estimates: OR 1.02, 95%CI 0.87 ‐ 1.19; RR 0.90, 95%CI 0.78 ‐ 1.04). Further adjustment of the models with different confounders did not alter the outcome. Conclusions Although it is expected that prenatal stress can be a risk factor for caries development later in life, our findings do not support this hypothesis. Therefore, we believe disparities in caries experience between children are probably not explained by early life events during a critical intrauterine period of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T van der Tas
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eppo B Wolvius
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lea Kragt
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte A Moll
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Schalekamp-Timmermans
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Lorentz KO, Lemmers SAM, Chrysostomou C, Dirks W, Zaruri RM, Foruzanfar F, Sajjadi SMS. First permanent molars with accentuated line patterns: Assessment of childhood health in an urban complex of the fifth millennium before the present. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 123:104969. [PMID: 33450640 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives are 1) to calculate the position of highly accentuated lines in dental enamel of a group of individuals from Shahr-i-Sokhta, a thriving urban centre in Bronze Age South West Asia; 2) to identify peak frequencies of physiologically stressful periods during early childhood of these individuals; and 3) to relate these peak frequencies to developmental milestones at population level. DESIGN We analysed highly accentuated lines in the enamel of nine (n = 9) permanent mandibular first molars of nine individuals from the 5th millennium before the present urban and long-distance-trading complex, Shahr-i Sokhta (Iran). Age at death ranged between 4.5 years and 18-20 years. Permanent mandibular first molar enamel begins to mineralise before birth, and is normally completed sometime between 2.1-3.3 years, giving us insight to early childhood physiological stress, the ages at which it occurs, and any peaks in the frequencies in highly accentuated line formation, through histological sections investigated using transmitted light microscopy. RESULTS Highly accentuated line peak frequencies occur in the sample at c. four, nine, eleven, and twelve months. After 1 year of age, no more peaks occur. CONCLUSION The peak frequencies coincide with the timing timing of the type of developmental milestones which may have exposed the individuals to an increased pathogen load, injury, or sub-optimal diet. We note similarity in peak timings in the few published, disparate populations, suggest a potential link with attainment of developmental milestones connected with morbidity, and propose reporting standardised statistics to enable exploration of differences between populations in terms of postnatal health-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi O Lorentz
- Science and Technology in Archaeology Research Center (STARC), The Cyprus Institute, Cyprus.
| | - Simone A M Lemmers
- Science and Technology in Archaeology Research Center (STARC), The Cyprus Institute, Cyprus
| | - Charalambos Chrysostomou
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center (CaSToRC), The Cyprus Institute, Cyprus
| | - Wendy Dirks
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, United Kingdom
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6
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Kierdorf H, Witzel C, Bocaege E, Richter T, Kierdorf U. Assessment of physiological disturbances during pre- and early postnatal development based on microscopic analysis of human deciduous teeth from the Late Epipaleolithic site of Shubayqa 1 (Jordan). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 174:20-34. [PMID: 33017861 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study pre- and early postnatal tooth formation and to analyze the effects of physiological disturbances on enamel and dentin formation in deciduous teeth of infants from the Late Epipaleolithic (Natufian) site Shubayqa 1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten deciduous teeth from six infants (ages at death between 21 and 239 days) were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Marked prism cross-striations and an abnormal wavy course of the prisms were recorded in pre- and postnatal enamel of all analyzed teeth. Single or multiple accentuated incremental lines were observed in prenatal enamel of nine teeth and in postnatal enamel of eight teeth. Accentuated Andresen lines and broader zones exhibiting an enhanced calcospheritic pattern were recorded in the pre- and postnatally formed dentin of nine teeth. DISCUSSION The structural abnormalities in the pre- and postnatally formed enamel of the infants are considered indicative of chronic stress that negatively affected the activity of secretory ameloblasts. The structural aberrations in pre- and postnatal dentin denote that odontoblasts were also affected by this stress. The presence of single or multiple accentuated incremental lines in pre- and postnatal enamel is interpreted as reflecting (short-term) impacts of higher intensity superimposed on the chronic stress. Our findings suggest compromised maternal health affecting the late fetus and compromised health in newborns. Although limited by the small number of analyzed individuals, the present study contributes to the knowledge of maternal and early infant health conditions in Late Epipaleolithic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst Kierdorf
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Witzel
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Emmy Bocaege
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Tobias Richter
- Department of Cross-cultural and Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Uwe Kierdorf
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
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7
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Dean MC, Humphrey L, Groom A, Hassett B. Variation in the timing of enamel formation in modern human deciduous canines. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 114:104719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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8
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Antonio ML, Gao Z, Moots HM, Lucci M, Candilio F, Sawyer S, Oberreiter V, Calderon D, Devitofranceschi K, Aikens RC, Aneli S, Bartoli F, Bedini A, Cheronet O, Cotter DJ, Fernandes DM, Gasperetti G, Grifoni R, Guidi A, La Pastina F, Loreti E, Manacorda D, Matullo G, Morretta S, Nava A, Fiocchi Nicolai V, Nomi F, Pavolini C, Pentiricci M, Pergola P, Piranomonte M, Schmidt R, Spinola G, Sperduti A, Rubini M, Bondioli L, Coppa A, Pinhasi R, Pritchard JK. Ancient Rome: A genetic crossroads of Europe and the Mediterranean. Science 2020; 366:708-714. [PMID: 31699931 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay6826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ancient Rome was the capital of an empire of ~70 million inhabitants, but little is known about the genetics of ancient Romans. Here we present 127 genomes from 29 archaeological sites in and around Rome, spanning the past 12,000 years. We observe two major prehistoric ancestry transitions: one with the introduction of farming and another prior to the Iron Age. By the founding of Rome, the genetic composition of the region approximated that of modern Mediterranean populations. During the Imperial period, Rome's population received net immigration from the Near East, followed by an increase in genetic contributions from Europe. These ancestry shifts mirrored the geopolitical affiliations of Rome and were accompanied by marked interindividual diversity, reflecting gene flow from across the Mediterranean, Europe, and North Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Antonio
- Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ziyue Gao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hannah M Moots
- Stanford University, Department of Anthropology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michaela Lucci
- DANTE Laboratory for the study of Diet and Ancient Technology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Candilio
- School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Sawyer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Oberreiter
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diego Calderon
- Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachael C Aikens
- Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Serena Aneli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fulvio Bartoli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bedini
- Ministero dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali (retired), Rome, Italy
| | - Olivia Cheronet
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel J Cotter
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel M Fernandes
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gabriella Gasperetti
- Soprintendenza Archeologia, belle arti e paesaggio per le province di Sassari e Nuoro, Sassari, Italy
| | - Renata Grifoni
- Dipartimento di Civiltà e Forme del Sapere, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Guidi
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ersilia Loreti
- Curatore beni culturali presso la Sovrintendenza Capitolina, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Manacorda
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici Università degli Studi di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Morretta
- Soprintendenza Speciale Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Nava
- DANTE Laboratory for the study of Diet and Ancient Technology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Servizio di Bioarcheologia, Museo delle Civiltà, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Federico Nomi
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Pavolini
- Università della Tuscia, DISUCOM Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, della Comunicazione e del Turismo, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Massimo Pentiricci
- Curatore beni culturali presso la Sovrintendenza Capitolina, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marina Piranomonte
- Soprintendenza speciale Archeologia Belle arti e paesaggio di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandra Sperduti
- Servizio di Bioarcheologia, Museo delle Civiltà, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Archeologia, Università di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mauro Rubini
- SABAP-LAZ Ministero dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luca Bondioli
- Servizio di Bioarcheologia, Museo delle Civiltà, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Coppa
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jonathan K Pritchard
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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9
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Garland CJ. Implications of accumulative stress burdens during critical periods of early postnatal life for mortality risk among Guale interred in a colonial era cemetery in Spanish Florida (ca. AD 1605-1680). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 172:621-637. [PMID: 32064605 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research situated within the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease demonstrates that stressors are correlated with future mortality risk, especially if experienced frequently and during early periods of postnatal life. This study examines if the developmental timing and frequency of early life stressors influenced mortality risk for Indigenous Guale in Spanish Florida during the 17th century. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study examines internal enamel microgrowth disruptions (accentuated lines-AL) from Guale individuals (n = 52) interred at Mission Santa Catalina de Guale on St. Catherines Island, Georgia (AD 1605-1680). Teeth were thin-sectioned and microscopically analyzed to document AL variables as predictors of age-at-death. RESULTS Individuals with AL died earlier than those without AL. This difference, however, was not significant. Individuals who exhibit AL formed during their first year of life died on average three times earlier than those who did not. The frequency of AL and age-at-first-AL are significantly correlated with age-at-death, and Cox hazard analyses indicates that individuals with early forming and frequent AL had increased risks of early death. DISCUSSION This study emphasizes how the lived experiences of Guale children shaped demographic patterns during the 17th century. The survival of early life stressors resulted in life history trade-offs and increased risks for early death. Mortality risks were exacerbated for individuals who experienced frequent stressors during the earliest periods of life. This underscores a role for bioarchaeology in understanding of how accumulative stress burdens during the earliest years of postnatal life may influence mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey J Garland
- Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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10
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Behie AM, Miszkiewicz JJ. Enamel neonatal line thickness in deciduous teeth of Australian children from known maternal health and pregnancy conditions. Early Hum Dev 2019; 137:104821. [PMID: 31330463 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological disruptions to early human development have implications for health and disease in later life. Limited research has explored how prenatal factors influence dental development in children of mothers with known pregnancy conditions. Enamel in human deciduous teeth begins forming in utero and is highly susceptible to physiological upsets experienced perinatally. The moment of birth itself is marked in deciduous enamel by the Neonatal Line (NNL) as a baby transitions from the uterine to external environment. This study evaluates the effect of maternal health factors that include stress and alcohol consumption on NNL in teeth from Australian children. STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Mothers (n = 53) were interviewed about their health during pregnancy and experience of birth. Sixty-five deciduous teeth (incisors, molars, one canine) from their children were donated for histological examination. Neonatal line thickness was measured from thin sections and evaluated against maternal and neonatal factors using statistical analyses, controlling for tooth type and birth number. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The only maternal factor of a statistically significant effect on NNL thickness was alcohol consumption. Children of mothers who drank occasionally during pregnancy had a thicker NNL when compared to children of mothers who abstained. These results suggest that maternal lifestyle factors influence NNL formation possibly due to physiological changes that disrupt calcium homeostasis during enamel deposition. We highlight large intra-specific variation in human NNL expression. The potential of dental sampling in identifying children with prenatal exposure to alcohol is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Behie
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, 44 Linnaeus Way, Banks Building, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
| | - Justyna J Miszkiewicz
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, 44 Linnaeus Way, Banks Building, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
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11
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Staircase-pattern neonatal line in human deciduous teeth is associated with tooth type. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 104:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Dean MC, Spiers KM, Garrevoet J, Le Cabec A. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping of Ca, Sr and Zn at the neonatal line in human deciduous teeth reflects changing perinatal physiology. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 104:90-102. [PMID: 31176148 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our first objective was to review the evidence describing the appearance and microstructure of the neonatal line in human deciduous teeth and to link this with known changes in neonatal physiology occurring at and around birth. A second objective was to explore ways to improve identification of the neonatal line by mapping the pre- and postnatal distribution of Ca, Sr and Zn in deciduous cuspal enamel and superimposing these maps onto transmitted light micrographs that included a clear true section of the neonatal line. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used synchrotron X-ray fluorescence to map elemental distributions in pre- and postnatal enamel and dentine. Two deciduous canines and 5 deciduous molars were scanned with an X-ray beam monochromatised to 17.0 keV at either 10.0, 2.5 or 1.0 μm resolution and 10 ms integration time. RESULTS Calcium maps distinguished enamel and dentine but did not clearly demarcate tissues formed pre- or postnatally. Strontium maps reflected presumed pre- and postnatal maternal serum levels and what are likely to be diet-dependent regions of Sr enrichment or depletion. Prenatal Zn maps, particularly for dentine, mirror elevated levels in the fetus and in colostrum during the first few days of life. CONCLUSIONS The neonatal line, enamel dentine junction and surface enamel were all Zn-rich. Within the neonatal line Zn may be associated with increased crystallinity but also with caries resistance, both of which have been reported previously. Elemental mapping may improve the identification of ambiguous NNLs and so be useful in forensic and archaeological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christopher Dean
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Earth Sciences, Centre for Human Evolution Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Kathryn M Spiers
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adeline Le Cabec
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Nava A, Coppa A, Coppola D, Mancini L, Dreossi D, Zanini F, Bernardini F, Tuniz C, Bondioli L. Virtual histological assessment of the prenatal life history and age at death of the Upper Paleolithic fetus from Ostuni (Italy). Sci Rep 2017; 7:9427. [PMID: 28842603 PMCID: PMC5572742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The fetal remains from the Ostuni 1 burial (Italy, ca 27 ka) represent a unique opportunity to explore the prenatal biological parameters, and to reconstruct the possible patho-biography, of a fetus (and its mother) in an Upper Paleolithic context. Phase-contrast synchrotron X-ray microtomography imaging of two deciduous tooth crowns and microfocus CT measurements of the right hemimandible of the Ostuni 1b fetus were performed at the SYRMEP beamline and at the TomoLab station of the Elettra - Sincrotrone laboratory (Trieste, Italy) in order to refine age at death and to report the enamel developmental history and dental tissue volumes for this fetal individual. The virtual histology allowed to estimate the age at death of the fetus at 31–33 gestational weeks. Three severe physiological stress episodes were also identified in the prenatal enamel. These stress episodes occurred during the last two months and half of pregnancy and may relate to the death of both individuals. Compared with modern prenatal standards, Os1b’s skeletal development was advanced. This cautions against the use of modern skeletal and dental references for archaeological finds and emphasizes the need for more studies on prenatal archaeological skeletal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Nava
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy. .,Servizio di Bioarcheologia, Museo delle Civiltà, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Coppa
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Coppola
- Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Museo di Civiltà Preclassiche della Murgia Meridionale, Ostuni, Italy
| | - Lucia Mancini
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Diego Dreossi
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Franco Zanini
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico Bernardini
- Centro Fermi, Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro di Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184, Roma, Italy.,Multidisciplinary Laboratory, The "Abdus Salam" International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34014, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tuniz
- Centro Fermi, Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro di Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184, Roma, Italy.,Multidisciplinary Laboratory, The "Abdus Salam" International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34014, Trieste, Italy.,Centre for Archaeological Science, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Luca Bondioli
- Servizio di Bioarcheologia, Museo delle Civiltà, Rome, Italy
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Assessing human weaning practices with calcium isotopes in tooth enamel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:6268-6273. [PMID: 28559355 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704412114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning practices differ among great apes and likely diverged during the course of human evolution, but behavioral inference from the fossil record is hampered by a lack of unambiguous biomarkers. Here, we show that early-life dietary transitions are recorded in human deciduous tooth enamel as marked variations in Ca isotope ratios (δ44/42Ca). Using a sequential microsampling method along the enamel growth axis, we collected more than 150 enamel microsamples from 51 deciduous teeth of 12 different modern human individuals of known dietary histories, as well as nine enamel samples from permanent third molars. We measured and reconstructed the evolution of 44Ca/42Ca ratios in enamel from in utero development to first months of postnatal development. We show that the observed variations of δ44/42Ca record a transition from placental nutrition to an adult-like diet and that Ca isotopes reflect the duration of the breastfeeding period experienced by each infant. Typically, the δ44/42Ca values of individuals briefly or not breastfed show a systematic increase during the first 5-10 mo, whereas individuals with long breastfeeding histories display no measurable variation in δ44/42Ca of enamel formed during this time. The use of Ca isotope analysis in tooth enamel allows microsampling and offers an independent approach to tackle challenging questions related to past population dynamics and evolution of weaning practices in hominins.
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Bocaege E, Humphrey L. Lateral enamel growth in human incisors from Çatalhöyük in Turkey. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 161:656-666. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Bocaege
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, UMR 5199 PACEABâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy StHilaire Pessac Cedex France
| | - L.T. Humphrey
- Department of Earth SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonSW7 5BD UK
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16
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Marklein KE, Leahy RE, Crews DE. In sickness and in death: Assessing frailty in human skeletal remains. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 161:208-25. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachael E. Leahy
- Department of Anthropology; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Douglas E. Crews
- Department of Anthropology; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio 43210
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio 43210
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17
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Arthur NA, Gowland RL, Redfern RC. Coming of age in Roman Britain: Osteological evidence for pubertal timing. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 159:698-713. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebecca C. Redfern
- Centre for Human Bioarchaeology; Museum of London; 150 London Wall London, EC2Y 5HN UK
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18
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Neonatal line width in deciduous incisors from Neolithic, mediaeval and modern skeletal samples from north-central Poland. Ann Anat 2016; 203:12-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Hupková A, Šáliová S, Králík M, Malček R. Nejsou čáry jako čáry: inkrementální linie v mikrostruktuře zubů a jejich využití při analýze kosterních nálezů. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5817/sab2016-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Żądzińska E, Lorkiewicz W, Kurek M, Borowska-Strugińska B. Accentuated lines in the enamel of primary incisors from skeletal remains: A contribution to the explanation of early childhood mortality in a medieval population from Poland. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 157:402-10. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Żądzińska
- Department of Anthropology; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź; 90-237 Poland
| | - Wiesław Lorkiewicz
- Department of Anthropology; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź; 90-237 Poland
| | - Marta Kurek
- Department of Anthropology; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź; 90-237 Poland
| | - Beata Borowska-Strugińska
- Department of Anthropology; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź; 90-237 Poland
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21
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Redfern RC, DeWitte SN, Pearce J, Hamlin C, Dinwiddy KE. Urban-rural differences in Roman Dorset, England: A bioarchaeological perspective on Roman settlements. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 157:107-20. [PMID: 25613696 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the Roman period, urban and rural ways of living were differentiated philosophically and legally, and this is the first regional study of these contrasting life-ways. Focusing on frailty and mortality risk, we investigated how these differed by age, sex, and status, using coffin type as a proxy for social status. We employed skeletal data from 344 individuals: 150 rural and 194 urban (1st-5th centuries A.D.) from Dorset, England. Frailty and mortality risk were examined using indicators of stress (cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, nonspecific periostitis, and enamel hypoplastic defects), specific metabolic and infectious diseases (rickets, scurvy, and tuberculosis), and dental health (carious lesions and calculus). These variables were studied using Chi-square, Siler model of mortality, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the Gompertz model of adult mortality. Our study found that overall, mortality risk and survivorship did not differ between cemetery types but when the data were examined by age, mortality risk was only significantly higher for urban subadults. Demographic differences were found, with urban cemeteries having more 0-10 and >35 year olds, and for health, urban cemeteries had significantly higher frequencies of enamel hypoplastic defects, carious lesions, and rickets. Interestingly, no significant difference in status was observed between rural and urban cemeteries. The most significant finding was the influence of the skeletal and funerary data from the Poundbury sites, which had different demographic profiles, significantly higher frequencies of the indicators of stress and dental health variables. In conclusion, there are significant health, demographic, and mortality differences between rural and urban populations in Roman Britain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Redfern
- Centre for Human Bioarchaeology, Museum of London, 150 London Wall, London, EC2Y 5HN, UK
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22
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Kurek M, Żądzińska E, Sitek A, Borowska-Strugińska B, Rosset I, Lorkiewicz W. Prenatal factors associated with the neonatal line thickness in human deciduous incisors. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2014; 66:251-63. [PMID: 25618810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The neonatal line (NNL) is used to distinguish developmental events observed in enamel which occurred before and after birth. However, there are few studies reporting relationship between the characteristics of the NNL and factors affecting prenatal conditions. The aim of the study was to determine prenatal factors that may influence the NNL thickness in human deciduous teeth. The material consisted of longitudinal ground sections of 60 modern human deciduous incisors obtained from full-term healthy children with reported birth histories and prenatal factors. All teeth were sectioned in the labio-lingual plane using diamond blade (Buechler IsoMet 1000). Final specimens were observed using scanning electron microscopy at magnifications 320×. For each tooth, linear measurements of the NNL thickness were taken on its labial surface at the three levels from the cemento-enamel junction. The difference in the neonatal line thickness between tooth types and between males and females was statistically significant. A multiple regression analyses confirmed influence of two variables on the NNL thickness standardised on tooth type and the children's sex (z-score values). These variables are the taking of an antispasmodic medicine by the mother during pregnancy and the season of the child's birth. These two variables together explain nearly 17% of the variability of the NNL. Children of mothers taking a spasmolytic medicine during pregnancy were characterised by a thinner NNL compared with children whose mothers did not take such medication. Children born in summer and spring had a thinner NNL than children born in winter. These results indicate that the prenatal environment significantly contributes to the thickness of the NNL influencing the pace of reaching the post-delivery homeostasis by the newborn's organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kurek
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
| | - E Żądzińska
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - A Sitek
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - B Borowska-Strugińska
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - I Rosset
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - W Lorkiewicz
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
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The prevalence and distribution of dental caries in four early medieval non-adult populations of different socioeconomic status from Central Europe. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 60:62-76. [PMID: 25255473 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to map the dental health status in non-adult individuals and to verify whether and how the existence of caries in the non-adult age group is associated with the different socio-economic status of early medieval populations. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied the dental remains from the acropolis of the Mikulčice settlement agglomeration, where members of the higher social classes were buried, and from the Mikulčice hinterland. Overall, we evaluated 2544 teeth/3714 alveoli of deciduous dentition and 1938 teeth/2128 alveoli of permanent dentition. We determined the number of individuals with dental caries (i.e., caries frequency index, F-CE) and the proportion of teeth/alveoli with caries/ante-mortem tooth loss (i.e., caries intensity index, I-CE). RESULTS We found no statistical significant difference in the F-CE values between the Mikulčice hinterland and the acropolis. In addition, we found no statistically significant difference in the proportion of teeth with carious lesions (I-CE) either in the case of deciduous dentition or in the case of permanent dentition between the hinterland and the acropolis. In the case of permanent dentition, the statistically significant highest proportion of carious lesions (I-CE) was found in Mikulčice I (p ≤ 0.05). We confirmed an increase in the rate of caries with age. CONCLUSIONS The level of caries at all of the studied medieval locations was very low. We presume that lifestyle and the associated dietary habits and hygienic practices of the individuals or population groups had a greater influence on dental caries than did the socio-economic status of these individuals.
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McFarlane G, Littleton J, Floyd B. Estimating striae of Retzius periodicity nondestructively using partial counts of perikymata. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 154:251-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gina McFarlane
- Department of Anthropology; The University of Auckland; Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Judith Littleton
- Department of Anthropology; The University of Auckland; Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Bruce Floyd
- Department of Anthropology; The University of Auckland; Auckland 1142 New Zealand
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Mays S. A Discussion of Some Recent Methodological Developments in the Osteoarchaeology of Childhood. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/1758571613z.0000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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26
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Gowland R, Redfern R. Childhood Health in the Roman World: Perspectives from the Centre and Margin of the Empire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/cip.2010.3.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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27
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Zanolli C, Bondioli L, Mancini L, Mazurier A, Widianto H, Macchiarelli R. Brief communication: Two human fossil deciduous molars from the sangiran dome (Java, Indonesia): Outer and inner morphology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 147:472-81. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zanolli C, Bondioli L, Manni F, Rossi P, Macchiarelli R. Gestation Length, Mode of Delivery, and Neonatal Line-Thickness Variation. Hum Biol 2011; 83:695-713. [DOI: 10.3378/027.083.0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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29
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Mahoney P. Human deciduous mandibular molar incremental enamel development. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 144:204-14. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Skeletal remains from Punic Carthage do not support systematic sacrifice of infants. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9177. [PMID: 20174667 PMCID: PMC2822869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two types of cemeteries occur at Punic Carthage and other Carthaginian settlements: one centrally situated housing the remains of older children through adults, and another at the periphery of the settlement (the "Tophet") yielding small urns containing the cremated skeletal remains of very young animals and humans, sometimes comingled. Although the absence of the youngest humans at the primary cemeteries is unusual and worthy of discussion, debate has focused on the significance of Tophets, especially at Carthage, as burial grounds for the young. One interpretation, based on two supposed eye-witness reports of large-scale Carthaginian infant sacrifice [Kleitarchos (3(rd) c. BCE) and Diodorus Siculus (1(st) c. BCE)], a particular translation of inscriptions on some burial monuments, and the argument that if the animals had been sacrificed so too were the humans, is that Tophets represent burial grounds reserved for sacrificial victims. An alternative hypothesis acknowledges that while the Carthaginians may have occasionally sacrificed humans, as did their contemporaries, the extreme youth of Tophet individuals suggests these cemeteries were not only for the sacrificed, but also for the very young, however they died. Here we present the first rigorous analysis of the largest sample of cremated human skeletal remains (348 burial urns, N = 540 individuals) from the Carthaginian Tophet based on tooth formation, enamel histology, cranial and postcranial metrics, and the potential effects of heat-induced bone shrinkage. Most of the sample fell within the period prenatal to 5-to-6 postnatal months, with a significant presence of prenates. Rather than indicating sacrifice as the agent of death, this age distribution is consistent with modern-day data on perinatal mortality, which at Carthage would also have been exacerbated by numerous diseases common in other major cities, such as Rome and Pompeii. Our diverse approaches to analyzing the cremated human remains from Carthage strongly support the conclusion that Tophets were cemeteries for those who died shortly before or after birth, regardless of the cause.
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Floyd B. Associations between height, body mass, and frequency of decayed, extracted, and filled deciduous teeth among two cohorts of Taiwanese first graders. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; 140:113-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Prowse TL, Saunders SR, Schwarcz HP, Garnsey P, Macchiarelli R, Bondioli L. Isotopic and dental evidence for infant and young child feeding practices in an imperial Roman skeletal sample. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; 137:294-308. [PMID: 18615573 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study integrates isotopic, palaeopathological, and historical evidence to investigate infant and young child feeding practices in a Roman period (1st to 3rd centuries AD) skeletal sample from the Isola Sacra necropolis (Rome, Italy). Stable isotope analysis of bone collagen from 37 rib samples indicates that transitional feeding began by the end of the first year and weaning occurred by 2-2.5 years of age. Both delta(15)N and delta(13)C data clearly show the trophic level effect associated with breastfeeding. Childhood diet is investigated using dental pathology data in the deciduous dentitions of 78 individuals aged between 1 and 12 years. The presence of calculus, caries, and tooth wear in young children suggests that individuals were provided complementary foods and other items that impacted their dental health at an early age. The isotopic and dental data are generally consistent with the historical evidence from the Roman period with respect to the general timetable of weaning and the character of complementary foods. This is the first study to integrate isotopic and deciduous dental pathology data to explore infant and young child feeding practices in the Roman world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Prowse
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
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Lukacs JR. Markers of physiological stress in juvenile bonobos (Pan paniscus): are enamel hypoplasia, skeletal development and tooth size interrelated? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2008; 139:339-52. [PMID: 19115397 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A reduction in enamel thickness due to disrupted amelogenesis is referred to as enamel hypoplasia (EH). Linear EH in permanent teeth is a widely accepted marker of systemic physiological stress. An enigmatic, nonlinear form of EH commonly manifest in great ape and human deciduous canines (dc) is known as localized hypoplasia of primary canines (LHPC). The etiology of LHPC and what it signifies-localized traumatic or systemic physiological stress-remains unclear. This report presents frequency data on LHPC, hypostotic cranial traits, and tooth size in a sample of juvenile bonobos, then tests hypotheses of intertrait association that improve knowledge of the etiology and meaning of LHPC. The fenestration hypothesis is tested using hypostotic cranial traits as a proxy for membrane bone ossification, and the relationship between tooth size, LHPC, and hypostosis is investigated. Macroscopic observations of EH, hypostotic traits, and measurements of buccolingual tooth size were conducted according to established standards. LHPC was found in 51.2% of bonobos (n = 86) and in 26% of dc teeth (n = 269). Hypostotic traits were observed in 55.2% of bonobos (n = 96). A test of the association between LHPC and hypostosis yielded nonsignificant results (chi(2) = 2.935; P = 0.0867). Primary canines were larger in specimens with LHPC than in unaffected specimens (paired samples t test; udc, P = 0.011; ldc, P = 0.018), a result consistent with the fenestration hypothesis of LHPC pathogenesis. Hypostosis was not associated with differences in tooth size (P > 0.05). LHPC may be an indirect indicator of physiological stress, resulting from large, buccally displaced primary canines.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Lukacs
- Department of Anthropology, 1218 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1218, USA.
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Witzel C, Kierdorf U, Schultz M, Kierdorf H. Insights from the inside: Histological analysis of abnormal enamel microstructure associated with hypoplastic enamel defects in human teeth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2008; 136:400-14. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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