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Rothschild B. Entheseal surface (Sharpey's fiber insertion) alterations identify past trauma; bone base robusticity, level of routine activity. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38838074 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Sharpey's fiber alterations, referred to as entheseal reaction or enthesopathy, have long been considered an indicator of daily activities. Such semantic transformation seems to conflate processes which alter the characteristics of tendonous and ligamentous attachments to bone with the rugosity and extent of their base/footprint. Rather than reflecting normal activities, it is suggested that surface reactions are actually the response to the application of sudden or unconditioned repetitive stresses-analogous to stress fractures. Thus, they are distinct from enlargement of the base/footprint, the bone remodeling process responsible for the robusticity of the area to which the enthesis attaches, which is actually a measure of actual muscle activity. Surface reactions in attachment areas represent injury, be it mechanical stress fracture-equivalents or inflammation-derived. Bone base/footprint is the reaction of the enthesis to stresses of routine physical activities. The character of underlying bone supporting Sharpey's fibers may be augmented by applied stress, but there is neither a physiologic mechanism nor is there evidence for significant addition of Sharpey's fibers beyond ontogeny. Behavior is responsible for the physiologic response of robusticity; spiculation, pathology.
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Tanner SB, Bardo A, Davies TW, Dunmore CJ, Johnston RE, Owen NJ, Kivell TL, Skinner MM. Variation and covariation of external shape and cross-sectional geometry in the human metacarpus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 183:e24866. [PMID: 37929663 PMCID: PMC10952563 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Analyses of external bone shape using geometric morphometrics (GM) and cross-sectional geometry (CSG) are frequently employed to investigate bone structural variation and reconstruct activity in the past. However, the association between these methods has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we analyze whole bone shape and CSG variation of metacarpals 1-5 and test covariation between them. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed external metacarpal shape using GM and CSG of the diaphysis at three locations in metacarpals 1-5. The study sample includes three modern human groups: crew from the shipwrecked Mary Rose (n = 35 metacarpals), a Pre-industrial group (n = 50), and a Post-industrial group (n = 31). We tested group differences in metacarpal shape and CSG, as well as correlations between these two aspects of metacarpal bone structure. RESULTS GM analysis demonstrated metacarpus external shape variation is predominately related to changes in diaphyseal width and articular surface size. Differences in external shape were found between the non-pollical metacarpals of the Mary Rose and Pre-industrial groups and between the third metacarpals of the Pre- and Post-industrial groups. CSG results suggest the Mary Rose and Post-industrial groups have stronger metacarpals than the Pre-industrial group. Correlating CSG and external shape showed significant relationships between increasing external robusticity and biomechanical strength across non-pollical metacarpals (r: 0.815-0.535; p ≤ 0.05). DISCUSSION Differences in metacarpal cortical structure and external shape between human groups suggest differences in the type and frequency of manual activities. Combining these results with studies of entheses and kinematics of the hand will improve reconstructions of manual behavior in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B. Tanner
- School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Ameline Bardo
- School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
- UMR 7194 ‐ Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique (HNHP)CNRS‐Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleParisFrance
| | - Thomas W. Davies
- School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
- Department of Human OriginsMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | | | - Richard E. Johnston
- Advanced Imaging of Materials (AIM) Facility, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Bay CampusSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | - Nicholas J. Owen
- Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A‐STEM), School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bay CampusSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | - Tracy L. Kivell
- School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
- Department of Human OriginsMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
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Albee ME. Take a load off: skeletal implications of sedentism in the feet of modern body donors. Evol Med Public Health 2023; 11:485-501. [PMID: 38162252 PMCID: PMC10756057 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Modern biocultural environments continue to place selective pressures on our skeletons. In the past century, a major cultural pressure has been the rise in sedentism. However, studies considering the effects of sedentism on the foot have largely considered pathological changes to the gross foot without particular regard for the pedal skeleton. To address this gap in the literature, temporal trends in the development of osteoarthritis and entheseal changes on the tarsals and metatarsals were analyzed in the context of biodemographic data for recent modern humans. Methodology The sample utilized for this project is comprised of 71 individuals from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection, with birth years ranging from 1909 to 1993. Temporal trends in osteoarthritis and entheseal changes were determined via ANCOVA, using year of birth as the explanatory variable and biodemographic variables (age, sex, stature, body mass index and tibial robusticity) as covariates. Results Results indicate that entheseal changes and osteoarthritis have decreased over time, and these trends are statistically significant. Temporal trends in pedal entheseal changes and osteoarthritis vary by sex. Conclusions and Implications The increase in sedentary behavior over time has usually been framed as a net negative for human health and well-being. However, considered in isolation, the decrease in entheseal changes and osteoarthritis presented here might be considered a positive development as they suggest overall less stress on the modern human foot. This study also has the potential to inform the health sciences and general public about biocultural contributors to modern foot health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malorie E Albee
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, USA
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Alonso‐Llamazares C, Lopez B, Pardiñas A. Sex differences in the distribution of entheseal changes: Meta‐analysis of published evidence and its use in Bayesian paleopathological modeling. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Belen Lopez
- Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems University of Oviedo Oviedo Spain
| | - Antonio Pardiñas
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff UK
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Laffranchi Z, Charisi D, Jiménez-Brobeil SA, Milella M. Gendered division of labor in a Celtic community? A comparison of sex differences in entheseal changes and long bone shape and robusticity in the pre-Roman population of Verona (Italy, third-first century BC). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:568-588. [PMID: 32812226 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The presence of a gendered subdivision of labor has been bioarchaeologically investigated in various prehistoric and historical contexts. Little is known, however, about the type of differences in daily activities characterizing men and women among the Celtic communities of Italy. The focus of the present study is the analysis of differences in patterns of entheseal changes (ECs) and long bone shape and robusticity between sexes among the Cenomani Gauls of Seminario Vescovile (SV-Verona, Italy, third-first century BC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample includes 56 adult individuals (22 females and 34 males). Presence of ECs on nine bilateral postcranial attachment sites, and values of humeral and femoral shape and robusticity indices based on external measurements were compared between sexes by means of generalized linear models and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS Results show a lack of difference between sexes in long bone shape and robusticity, and a higher incidence of upper and, especially, lower limb ECs in males. DISCUSSION These results suggest the presence of sex-specific activities at SV mostly related to farming and differently influencing the considered variables. Also, this study suggests the relevance of a series of nonbiomechanical factors (developmental, hormonal, genetic, and methodological) when attempting biocultural reconstructions from osteoarchaeological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Laffranchi
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, Medicine Faculty, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
| | - Drosia Charisi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, Medicine Faculty, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
| | - Sylvia A Jiménez-Brobeil
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, Medicine Faculty, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
| | - Marco Milella
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Becker SK. Osteoarthritis, entheses, and long bone cross-sectional geometry in the Andes: Usage, history, and future directions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2020; 29:45-53. [PMID: 31473173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Akin to approaches encouraged by Verano (1997) in the Andes, and Ortner (2011, 2012) for general paleopathological studies, this article focuses on accurate descriptions and definitions of osteoarthritis, entheses, and long bone cross-sectional geometry. By evaluating these conditions as part of biological responses to abnormal skeletal changes and biomechanical stress, this research discusses each condition's pathogenesis. Further, this article emphasizes a "small data" approach to evaluating these conditions in ancient culturally and biologically related human populations, where the study samples must have good skeletal preservation, where estimates of age and sex need to be included as major factors, and where abnormalities need to be described and evaluated. This article also discusses global clinical and osteological research on ways scholars are currently trying to establish industry-wide methods to evaluate osteoarthritis, entheses, and long bone cross-sectional geometry. Recent studies have focused on rigorous evaluation of methodological techniques, recording protocols, and inter- and intra-observer error problems. Additionally, scholars have focused on physical intensity of movement using biomechanics, evaluated burials of known occupation, and used complex statistical methods to help interpret skeletal changes associated with these conditions. This article also narrows to focus on these conditions within thematic "small data" areas throughout the Andes. This research concludes with describing future directions to understand skeletal changes, such as more multidisciplinary studies between osteologists and pathologists, collaborations with living people to collect CT, x-rays, or computer-aided motion capture, and a stronger focus on how these conditions correlate with intense biomechanical changes in younger individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Becker
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Riverside, 1334 Watkins Hall Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Salega S, Fabra M. Variaciones del terreno y cambios entesiales en poblaciones prehispánicas de Córdoba (Argentina). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.31048/1852.4826.v10.n2.16820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
<p class="Standard"><em>En a</em><em>ñ</em><em>os recientes se ha discutido si los cambios entesiales son s</em><em>ó</em><em>lo producto de movimientos f</em><em>í</em><em>sicos repetitivos o de actividades que generan sobrecarga. De acuerdo con Acosta et al. (2017) su manifestaci</em><em>ó</em><em>n en los miembros inferiores estar</em><em>í</em><em>a influenciada por las caracter</em><em>í</em><em>sticas morfol</em><em>ó</em><em>gicas del terreno, con una menor frecuencia de cambios entesiales entre los individuos de terrenos monta</em><em>ñ</em><em>osos, debido a una mejor adaptaci</em><em>ó</em><em>n a las cargas biomec</em><em>á</em><em>nicas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la frecuencia de cambios entesiales para una muestra arqueol</em><em>ó</em><em>gica (61 individuos) de las regiones de Sierras y Llanuras de la provincia de C</em><em>ó</em><em>rdoba (Argentina), aplicando dos metodolog</em><em>í</em><em>as de registro; a la vez que comparar estos resultados con los obtenidos previamente para cambios degenerativos de las articulaciones. Interesa, adem</em><em>á</em><em>s, discutir los resultados en relaci</em><em>ó</em><em>n con la propuesta de Acosta et al. (2017).Se calcularon prevalencias porcentuales de la presencia de cambios en cuatro entesis de miembros inferiores y se realizaron tests estad</em><em>í</em><em>sticos (Odds ratios, X2). Los resultados sugieren que la afectaci</em><em>ó</em><em>n ser</em><em>í</em><em>a algo mayor en Llanuras, aunque ello podr</em><em>í</em><em>a explicarse tanto desde un punto de vista adaptativo a la carga biomec</em><em>á</em><em>nica, como desde una visi</em><em>ó</em><em>n m</em><em>á</em><em>s cl</em><em>á</em><em>sica referida a la repetici</em><em>ó</em><em>n de actividades f</em><em>í</em><em>sicas exigentes. </em></p>
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Henderson C, Mariotti V, Santos F, Villotte S, Wilczak C. The New Coimbra Method for Recording Entheseal Changes and the Effect of Age-at-Death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13219-017-0185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Entheseal changes have been widely used in anthropology to study activity patterns, but there is an increasing awareness that ageing is associated with these changes. The aim of this study was to test each feature of the new Coimbra method for its variability, side asymmetry and its relationship with age. In addition to this, an overall relationship with age was tested for a larger sample. Males 16 and over from the Coimbra skeletal collection of historically identified individuals were recorded using the new method (N = 260). To reduce the impact of occupation, side variability in asymmetry and age were only tested in the labourers (N = 51). All occupation groups were included to test the overall relationship with age using a random forest test. The results show that scores lack variability for many of the features and entheses. Where there is side asymmetry this is typically in favour of higher scores in the right side, excepting the biceps brachii insertion. Most of the features scored show a relationship with ageing, but this is not uniform for all features or entheses. Some features are associated with an increase in age (bone formation and erosions), while others generally occur in younger individuals (fine porosity and textural change). Logistic regression showed that ageing explains at most 44% of the variability. This alongside the side asymmetry may indicate that biomechanics has an explanatory role.
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9
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Cheverko CM, Hubbe M. Comparisons of statistical techniques to assess age-related skeletal markers in bioarchaeology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 163:407-416. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Hubbe
- Department of Anthropology; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo; Universidad Católica del Norte; Chile
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Wallace IJ, Winchester JM, Su A, Boyer DM, Konow N. Physical activity alters limb bone structure but not entheseal morphology. J Hum Evol 2017; 107:14-18. [PMID: 28526286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies of ancient human skeletal remains frequently proceed from the assumption that individuals with robust limb bones and/or rugose, hypertrophic entheses can be inferred to have been highly physically active during life. Here, we experimentally test this assumption by measuring the effects of exercise on limb bone structure and entheseal morphology in turkeys. Growing females were either treated with a treadmill-running regimen for 10 weeks or served as controls. After the experiment, femoral cortical and trabecular bone structure were quantified with μCT in the mid-diaphysis and distal epiphysis, respectively, and entheseal morphology was quantified in the lateral epicondyle. The results indicate that elevated levels of physical activity affect limb bone structure but not entheseal morphology. Specifically, animals subjected to exercise displayed enhanced diaphyseal and trabecular bone architecture relative to controls, but no significant difference was detected between experimental groups in entheseal surface topography. These findings suggest that diaphyseal and trabecular structure are more reliable proxies than entheseal morphology for inferring ancient human physical activity levels from skeletal remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Wallace
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Julia M Winchester
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Anne Su
- School of Health Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Doug M Boyer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nicolai Konow
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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HUELGA-SUAREZ GONZALO, DIEZ-FERNÁNDEZ SILVIA, MOLDOVAN MARIELLA, PARDIÑAS ANTONIOF, LÓPEZ BELÉN, GARCÍA ALONSO JIGNACIO. The quest for the soldier’s rest: combining anthropological and archaeochemical approaches to study social and occupational diversity in the medieval graveyard of San Andrés de Arroyo (Palencia, Spain). ANTHROPOL SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.161005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - MARIELLA MOLDOVAN
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo
| | - ANTONIO F. PARDIÑAS
- Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, University of Oviedo, Oviedo
| | - BELÉN LÓPEZ
- Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, University of Oviedo, Oviedo
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12
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Yonemoto S. Differences in the effects of age on the development of entheseal changes among historical Japanese populations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 159:267-83. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Yonemoto
- The Kyushu University Museum, Kyushu University; 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-Ku Fukuoka City Fukuoka 812-8581 Japan
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13
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Schrader SA. Elucidating inequality in Nubia: An examination of entheseal changes at Kerma (Sudan). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 156:192-202. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Schrader
- Department of Anthropology; University of California; Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA 95064
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Milella M. The influence of life history and sexual dimorphism on entheseal changes in modern humans and African great apes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107963. [PMID: 25251439 PMCID: PMC4175998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Entheseal changes have been widely studied with regard to their correlation to biomechanical stress and their usefulness for biocultural reconstructions. However, anthropological and medical studies have demonstrated the marked influence of both age and sex on the development of these features. Studies of entheseal changes are mostly aimed in testing functional hypotheses and are mostly focused on modern humans, with few data available for non-human primates. The lack of comparative studies on the effect of age and sex on entheseal changes represent a gap in our understanding of the evolutionary basis of both development and degeneration of the human musculoskeletal system. The aim of the present work is to compare age trajectories and patterns of sexual dimorphism in entheseal changes between modern humans and African great apes. To this end we analyzed 23 postcranial entheses in a human contemporary identified skeletal collection (N = 484) and compared the results with those obtained from the analysis of Pan (N = 50) and Gorilla (N = 47) skeletal specimens. Results highlight taxon-specific age trajectories possibly linked to differences in life history schedules and phyletic relationships. Robusticity trajectories separate Pan and modern humans from Gorilla, whereas enthesopathic patterns are unique in modern humans and possibly linked to their extended potential lifespan. Comparisons between sexes evidence a decreasing dimorphism in robusticity from Gorilla, to modern humans to Pan, which is likely linked to the role played by size, lifespan and physical activity on robusticity development. The present study confirms previous hypotheses on the possible relevance of EC in the study of life history, pointing moreover to their usefulness in evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Milella
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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15
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TAKIGAWA WATARU. Age changes of musculoskeletal stress markers and their inter-period comparisons. ANTHROPOL SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.131207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- WATARU TAKIGAWA
- School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka
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