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Dalaf AH, Jumaa FH, Aftana MM, Salih HK, Abd IQ. Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Evaluation, and Assessment Laser Efficacy for New Derivatives of Tetrazole. KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2022; 911:33-39. [DOI: 10.4028/p-6849u0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, new tetrazole [A1-A5] were prepared by the reaction of Schiff base with sodium azide in tetrahydrofuran (THF) by the traditional method (reflux) and microwave technology. The prepared compounds were characterized by physical properties, UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectral, and C.H.N analysis. TLC checked the purity of these compounds. Antibacterial behaviors were investigated against a variety of bacteria, including Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia Gram (-) ve, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis Gram (+) ve. The laser efficacy of the [A1-A5] was evaluated after they were radiated by laser for (10, 20, 30) seconds. As the melting point, and color of the substances were determined, it was discovered that they were unaffected, and did not disintegrate or polymerize. Using the Chem3D 19.0 program, the heat of the formulation of the [A1-A5] was investigated.
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García-Lacuna J, Domínguez G, Pérez-Castells J. Flow Chemistry for Cycloaddition Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5138-5163. [PMID: 32662578 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Continuous flow reactors form part of a rapidly growing research area that has changed the way synthetic chemistry is performed not only in academia but also at the industrial level. This Review highlights the most recent advances in cycloaddition reactions performed in flow systems. Cycloadditions are atom-efficient transformations for the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles, involved in the construction of challenging skeletons of complex molecules. The main advantages of translating these processes into flow include using intensified conditions, safer handling of hazardous reagents and gases, easy tuning of reaction conditions, and straightforward scaling up. These benefits are especially important in cycloadditions such as the copper(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), Diels-Alder reaction, ozonolysis and [2+2] photocycloadditions. Some of these transformations are key reactions in the industrial synthesis of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Lacuna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Castells
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Brandão P, Pineiro M, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Flow Chemistry: Towards A More Sustainable Heterocyclic Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Brandão
- CQC and Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
- Centro de Química de Évora; Institute for Research and Advanced Studies; University of Évora; 7000 Évora Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- CQC and Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
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Chang CW, Cheng MC, Lee GH, Peng SM. Facile synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles by reacting a ruthenium acetylide complex with trimethylsilyl azide. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11732-11742. [PMID: 31298242 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of [Ru]-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh (1, [Ru] = (η5-C5H5)(dppe)Ru, dppe = Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2) with trimethylsilyl azide afforded the cationic nitrile complex {[Ru]NCCH2Ph}[N3] (2) and the further cycloaddition of 2 with trimethylsilyl azide at 60 °C afforded the N(2)-bound tetrazolato complex [Ru]N4CCH2Ph (3). The regiospecific alkylation of 3 gave a series of cationic N(2)-bound N(4)-alkylated-5-benzyl tetrazolato complexes {[Ru]N4(CH2R)CCH2Ph}[Br] (4a, R = C6F5; 4b, R = Ph; 4c, R = 4-CN-C6H4; 4d, R = 2,6-F2-C6H3; 4e, R = 6-CH2Br-C5NH3) and the subsequent cleavage of the Ru-N bond of 4a-4e gave N(1)-alkylated-5-benzyl tetrazoles N4(CH2R)CCH2Ph (5a-5e) in good to excellent yields and [Ru]-Br, which, on reacting with phenylacetylene, resulted in the formation of 1 thus forming a reaction cycle. The structures of 2, 3, 4a, 4c and 5a were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wan Chang
- Division of Preparatory Programs for Overseas Chinese Students, National Taiwan Normal University, New Taipei City 24449, Linkou, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chuan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan and Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan and Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Ramanjaneyulu BT, Vishwakarma NK, Vidyacharan S, Adiyala PR, Kim DP. Towards Versatile Continuous-Flow Chemistry and Process Technology Via New Conceptual Microreactor Systems. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bandaru T. Ramanjaneyulu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Niraj K. Vishwakarma
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Shinde Vidyacharan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Praveen Reddy Adiyala
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 Korea
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6
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Yang H, Martin B, Schenkel B. On-Demand Generation and Consumption of Diazomethane in Multistep Continuous Flow Systems. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yang
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Limited, 18 Tonglian Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215537, China
| | - Benjamin Martin
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Fabrikstrasse, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Berthold Schenkel
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Fabrikstrasse, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Morse PD, Jamison TF. Synthesis and Utilization of Nitroalkyne Equivalents in Batch and Continuous Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D. Morse
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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Morse PD, Jamison TF. Synthesis and Utilization of Nitroalkyne Equivalents in Batch and Continuous Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13999-14002. [PMID: 28929565 PMCID: PMC5698803 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for overcoming the low stability of nitroalkynes through the development of nitrated vinyl silyltriflate equivalents. Because of their instability, nitroalkynes have only rarely been utilized in synthesis. The reactivity of these silyltriflates, which are prepared in situ, is exemplified by dipolar cycloaddition reactions with nitrones to give highly substituted 4‐nitro‐4‐isoxazolines in high yields. This approach has proven general for several different alkyl and aryl substituted alkynes. In order to minimize the accumulation of potentially hazardous reaction intermediates, we have also developed a continuous flow variant of this method that is capable of carrying out the entire reaction sequence in a good yield and a short residence time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Morse
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Di Marco L, Hans M, Delaude L, Monbaliu JCM. Continuous-Flow N-Heterocyclic Carbene Generation and Organocatalysis. Chemistry 2016; 22:4508-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Di Marco
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; University of Liège; 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Morgan Hans
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; University of Liège; 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis; Department of Chemistry; University of Liège; 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; University of Liège; 4000 Liège Belgium
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10
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Gutmann B, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Continuous-flow technology—a tool for the safe manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6688-728. [PMID: 25989203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 870] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, continuous-flow reactors with channel dimensions in the micro- or millimeter region have found widespread application in organic synthesis. The characteristic properties of these reactors are their exceptionally fast heat and mass transfer. In microstructured devices of this type, virtually instantaneous mixing can be achieved for all but the fastest reactions. Similarly, the accumulation of heat, formation of hot spots, and dangers of thermal runaways can be prevented. As a result of the small reactor volumes, the overall safety of the process is significantly improved, even when harsh reaction conditions are used. Thus, microreactor technology offers a unique way to perform ultrafast, exothermic reactions, and allows the execution of reactions which proceed via highly unstable or even explosive intermediates. This Review discusses recent literature examples of continuous-flow organic synthesis where hazardous reactions or extreme process windows have been employed, with a focus on applications of relevance to the preparation of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Gutmann
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net
| | - David Cantillo
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria) http://www.maos.net.
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11
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Gutmann B, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Kontinuierliche Durchflussverfahren: ein Werkzeug für die sichere Synthese von pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Chaudhuri SR, Hartwig J, Kupracz L, Kodanek T, Wegner J, Kirschning A. Oxidations of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols under Inductively-Heated Flow Conditions with Gold-Doped Superparamagnetic Nanostructured Particles as Catalyst and Oxygen as Oxidant. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Newby JA, Blaylock DW, Witt PM, Pastre JC, Zacharova MK, Ley SV, Browne DL. Design and Application of a Low-Temperature Continuous Flow Chemistry Platform. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500213j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Newby
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | | | - Paul M. Witt
- Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Julio C. Pastre
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Marija K. Zacharova
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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14
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Song XR, Han YP, Qiu YF, Qiu ZH, Liu XY, Xu PF, Liang YM. Lewis Acid Mediated Tandem Reaction of Propargylic Alcohols to Tetrazoles Involving CO- and CC-Bond Cleavage Reactions and a CN-Bond Formation. Chemistry 2014; 20:12046-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Policarpo RL, Kang H, Liao X, Rabideau AE, Simon MD, Pentelute BL. Flow-based enzymatic ligation by sortase A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9203-8. [PMID: 24989829 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sortase-mediated ligation (sortagging) is a versatile, powerful strategy for protein modification. Because the sortase reaction reaches equilibrium, a large excess of polyglycine nucleophile is often employed to drive the reaction forward and suppress sortase-mediated side reactions. A flow-based sortagging platform employing immobilized sortase A within a microreactor was developed that permits efficient sortagging at low nucleophile concentrations. The platform was tested with several reaction partners and used to generate a protein bioconjugate inaccessible by solution-phase batch sortagging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco L Policarpo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
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16
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Policarpo RL, Kang H, Liao X, Rabideau AE, Simon MD, Pentelute BL. Flow-Based Enzymatic Ligation by Sortase A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Rokade BV, Gadde K, Prabhu KR. Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Transformation of Secondary Alcohols to 1,5-Disubstituted Tetrazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Sharma S, Maurya RA, Min KI, Jeong GY, Kim DP. Odorless Isocyanide Chemistry: An Integrated Microfluidic System for a Multistep Reaction Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7564-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sharma S, Maurya RA, Min KI, Jeong GY, Kim DP. Odorless Isocyanide Chemistry: An Integrated Microfluidic System for a Multistep Reaction Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Hessel V, Kralisch D, Kockmann N, Noël T, Wang Q. Novel process windows for enabling, accelerating, and uplifting flow chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:746-89. [PMID: 23606410 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel Process Windows make use of process conditions that are far from conventional practices. This involves the use of high temperatures, high pressures, high concentrations (solvent-free), new chemical transformations, explosive conditions, and process simplification and integration to boost synthetic chemistry on both the laboratory and production scale. Such harsh reaction conditions can be safely reached in microstructured reactors due to their excellent transport intensification properties. This Review discusses the different routes towards Novel Process Windows and provides several examples for each route grouped into different classes of chemical and process-design intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO BOX 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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DeAngelis A, Wang DH, Buchwald SL. Mild and Rapid Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling with Hydrazine in Continuous Flow: Application to the Synthesis of Functionalized Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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DeAngelis A, Wang DH, Buchwald SL. Mild and Rapid Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling with Hydrazine in Continuous Flow: Application to the Synthesis of Functionalized Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3434-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Arakawa Y, Wennemers H. Enamine catalysis in flow with an immobilized peptidic catalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:242-245. [PMID: 23161643 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pep talk: An immobilized peptidic catalyst achieves more than 600 turnovers in a continuous-flow system, allowing the production of chiral γ-nitroaldehydes with excellent stereoselectivities on a scale of >450 mmol (>100 g). Such a high efficiency opens the way for more practical applications of enamine catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Arakawa
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Kurahashi K, Takemoto Y, Takasu K. Room-temperature, acid-catalyzed [2+2] cycloadditions: suppression of side reactions by using a flow microreactor system. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:270-273. [PMID: 22034384 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kurahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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25
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Huang H, Zhou Z, Liang L, Song J, Wang K, Cao D, Sun W, Bian C, Xue M. Nitrogen-rich energetic monoanionic salts of 3,4-bis(1H-5-tetrazolyl)furoxan. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:707-14. [PMID: 22262569 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Bis(1H-5-tetrazolyl)furoxan (H(2)BTF, 2) and its monoanionic salts that contain nitrogen-rich cations were readily synthesized and fully characterized by multinuclear NMR ((1)H, (13)C) and IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and elemental analyses. Hydrazinium (3) and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium (7) salts crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n and have calculated densities of 1.820 and 1.764 g cm(-3), respectively. The densities of the energetic salts range between 1.63 and 1.79 g cm(-3), as measured by a gas pycnometer. Detonation pressures and detonation velocities were calculated to be 23.1-32.5 GPa and 7740-8790 m s(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and the Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 P. R. China
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Gutmann B, Roduit JP, Roberge D, Kappe CO. A two-step continuous-flow synthesis of N-(2-aminoethyl)acylamides through ring-opening/hydrogenation of oxazolines. Chemistry 2011; 17:13146-50. [PMID: 22002534 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Gutmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Chen F, Qin C, Cui Y, Jiao N. Implanting Nitrogen into Hydrocarbon Molecules through CH and CC Bond Cleavages: A Direct Approach to Tetrazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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28
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Chen F, Qin C, Cui Y, Jiao N. Implanting Nitrogen into Hydrocarbon Molecules through CH and CC Bond Cleavages: A Direct Approach to Tetrazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11487-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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The Microwave-to-Flow Paradigm: Translating High-Temperature Batch Microwave Chemistry to Scalable Continuous-Flow Processes. Chemistry 2011; 17:11956-68. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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30
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Bartrum HE, Blakemore DC, Moody CJ, Hayes CJ. Rapid access to α-alkoxy and α-amino acid derivatives through safe continuous-flow generation of diazoesters. Chemistry 2011; 17:9586-9. [PMID: 21796696 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Bartrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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31
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Leduc AB, Jamison TF. Continuous Flow Oxidation of Alcohols and Aldehydes Utilizing Bleach and Catalytic Tetrabutylammonium Bromide. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op200118h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. Leduc
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Maurya RA, Park CP, Lee JH, Kim DP. Continuous In Situ Generation, Separation, and Reaction of Diazomethane in a Dual-Channel Microreactor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5952-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Maurya RA, Park CP, Lee JH, Kim DP. Continuous In Situ Generation, Separation, and Reaction of Diazomethane in a Dual-Channel Microreactor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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