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Martínez‐Crespo L, Valkenier H. Transmembrane Transport of Bicarbonate by Anion Receptors. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200266. [PMID: 36414387 PMCID: PMC9827909 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of synthetic anion transporters is motivated by their potential application as treatment for diseases that originate from deficient anion transport by natural proteins. Transport of bicarbonate is important for crucial biological functions such as respiration and digestion. Despite this biological relevance, bicarbonate transport has not been as widely studied as chloride transport. Herein we present an overview of the synthetic receptors that have been studied as bicarbonate transporters, together with the different assays used to perform transport studies in large unilamellar vesicles. We highlight the most active transporters and comment on the nature of the functional groups present in active and inactive compounds. We also address recent mechanistic studies that have revealed different processes that can lead to net transport of bicarbonate, as well as studies reported in cells and tissues, and comment on the key challenges for the further development of bicarbonate transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martínez‐Crespo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK,Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK,Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Engineering of Molecular NanoSystemsEcole polytechnique de BruxellesAvenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64B-1050BrusselsBelgium
| | - Hennie Valkenier
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Engineering of Molecular NanoSystemsEcole polytechnique de BruxellesAvenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64B-1050BrusselsBelgium
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2
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Schettini R, Tosolini M, ur Rehman J, Shah MR, Pierri G, Tedesco C, Della Sala G, De Riccardis F, Tecilla P, Izzo I. Role of Lipophilicity in the Activity of Hexameric Cyclic Peptoid Ion Carriers. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Schettini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università degli Studi di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Massimo Tosolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università degli Studi di Trieste Via Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Jawad ur Rehman
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università degli Studi di Trieste Via Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
- H.E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Muhammed Raza Shah
- H.E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Giovanni Pierri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università degli Studi di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università degli Studi di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Giorgio Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università degli Studi di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università degli Studi di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Paolo Tecilla
- Dipartimento di Matematica Geoscienze Università degli Studi di Trieste Via Weiss 8 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Irene Izzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università degli Studi di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy
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3
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Ahmad M, Metya S, Das A, Talukdar P. A Sandwich Azobenzene-Diamide Dimer for Photoregulated Chloride Transport. Chemistry 2020; 26:8703-8708. [PMID: 32129531 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There has been a tremendous evolution for artificial ion transport systems, especially gated synthetic systems, which closely mimic their natural congeners. Herein, we demonstrate a trans-azobenzene-based photoregulatory anionophoric system that transports chloride by forming a sandwich dimeric complex. Further studies confirmed a carrier-mediated chloride-anion antiport mechanism, and the supramolecular interactions involved in chloride recognition within the sandwich complex were revealed from theoretical studies. Reversible trans-cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene was achieved without any significant contribution from the thermal cis→trans isomerization at room temperature. Photoregulatory transport activity across the lipid bilayer membrane inferred an outstanding off-on response of the azobenzene photoswitch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor Ahmad
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Surajit Metya
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aloke Das
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pinaki Talukdar
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
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4
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Jurček O, Valkenier H, Puttreddy R, Novák M, Sparkes HA, Marek R, Rissanen K, Davis AP. Anion Recognition by a Bioactive Diureidodecalin Anionophore: Solid-State, Solution, and Computational Studies. Chemistry 2018; 24:8178-8185. [PMID: 29603485 PMCID: PMC6055605 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has identified a bis-(p-nitrophenyl)ureidodecalin anion carrier as a promising candidate for biomedical applications, showing good activity for chloride transport in cells yet almost no cytotoxicity. To underpin further development of this and related compounds, a detailed structural and binding investigation is reported. Crystal structures of the transporter as five solvates confirm the diaxial positioning of urea groups while revealing a degree of conformational flexibility. Structures of complexes with Cl- , Br- , NO3- , SO42- and AcO- , supported by computational studies, show how the binding site can adapt to accommodate these anions. 1 H NMR binding studies revealed exceptionally high affinities for anions in DMSO, decreasing in the order SO42- >H2 PO4- ≈HCO3- ≈AcO- ≫HSO4- >Cl- >Br- >NO3- >I- . Analysis of the binding results suggests that selectivity is determined mainly by the H-bond acceptor strength of different anions, but is also modulated by receptor geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Jurček
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of JyvaskylaP.O. Box 3540014JyväskyläFinland
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityKamenice 5/A4BrnoCzech Republic
| | - Hennie Valkenier
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
- Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de BruxellesUniversité Libre de BruxellesAvenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/641050BrusselsBelgium
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of JyvaskylaP.O. Box 3540014JyväskyläFinland
| | - Martin Novák
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityKamenice 5/A4BrnoCzech Republic
| | - Hazel A. Sparkes
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Radek Marek
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityKamenice 5/A4BrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityKamenice 5/A4625 00BrnoCzech Republic
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of JyvaskylaP.O. Box 3540014JyväskyläFinland
| | - Anthony P. Davis
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
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5
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Dias CM, Valkenier H, Davis AP. Anthracene Bisureas as Powerful and Accessible Anion Carriers. Chemistry 2018; 24:6262-6268. [PMID: 29493830 PMCID: PMC5947650 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic anion carriers (anionophores) have potential as biomedical research tools and as treatments for conditions arising from defective natural transport systems (notably cystic fibrosis). Highly active anionophores that are readily accessible and easily deliverable are especially valuable. Previous work has resulted in steroid and trans-decalin based anionophores with exceptional activity for chloride/nitrate exchange in vesicles, but poor accessibility and deliverability. This work shows that anthracene 1,8-bisureas can fulfil all three criteria. In particular, a bis-nitrophenyl derivative is prepared in two steps from commercial starting materials, yet shows comparable transport activity to the best currently known. Moreover, unlike earlier highly active systems, it does not need to be preincorporated in test vesicles but can be introduced subsequent to vesicle formation. This transporter also shows the ability to transfer between vesicles, and is therefore uniquely effective for anion transport at low transporter loadings. The results suggest that anthracene bisureas are promising candidates for application in biological research and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hennie Valkenier
- Université Libre de BruxellesAvenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/641050BrusselsBelgium
| | - Anthony P. Davis
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
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6
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Alkorta I, Montero-Campillo MM, Elguero J, Yáñez M, Mó O. Trapping One Electron between Three Beryllium Atoms: Very Strong One-Electron Three-Center Bonds. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1068-1074. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC); Juan de la Cierva, 3 E-28006 Madrid Spain
| | | | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC); Juan de la Cierva, 3 E-28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel Yáñez
- Dep. de Química; Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC; Cantoblanco E-28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Otilia Mó
- Dep. de Química; Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC; Cantoblanco E-28049 Madrid Spain
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7
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Roy A, Saha D, Mandal PS, Mukherjee A, Talukdar P. pH-Gated Chloride Transport by a Triazine-Based Tripodal Semicage. Chemistry 2016; 23:1241-1247. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Roy
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008, Maharashtra India
| | - Debasis Saha
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008, Maharashtra India
| | - Prashant Sahebrao Mandal
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga; Mumbai- 400019, Maharashtra India
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008, Maharashtra India
| | - Pinaki Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008, Maharashtra India
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8
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Diemer V, Fischer L, Kauffmann B, Guichard G. Anion Recognition by Aliphatic Helical Oligoureas. Chemistry 2016; 22:15684-15692. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Diemer
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5248 CBMN; Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie; 2 rue Robert Escarpit 33607 Pessac France
- CNRS; UMR 5248 CBMN; 33607 Pessac France
- UMR CNRS 8161; Pasteur Institute of Lille; Univ Lille; 1 rue du Professeur Calmette 59021 Lille France
| | - Lucile Fischer
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5248 CBMN; Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie; 2 rue Robert Escarpit 33607 Pessac France
- CNRS; UMR 5248 CBMN; 33607 Pessac France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMS 3033, INSERM US001; Institut Européen de Chimie et de Biologie; 2 rue Robert Escarpit 33607 Pessac France
| | - Gilles Guichard
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5248 CBMN; Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie; 2 rue Robert Escarpit 33607 Pessac France
- CNRS; UMR 5248 CBMN; 33607 Pessac France
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9
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Singh M, Solel E, Keinan E, Reany O. Aza-Bambusurils En Route to Anion Transporters. Chemistry 2016; 22:8848-54. [PMID: 27225332 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous calculations of anion binding with various bambusuril analogs predicted that the replacement of oxygen by nitrogen atoms to produce semiaza-bambus[6]urils would award these new cavitands with multiple anion binding properties. This study validates the hypothesis by efficient synthesis, crystallography, thermogravimetric analysis and calorimetry. These unique host molecules are easily accessible from the corresponding semithio-bambusurils in a one-pot reaction, which converts a single anion receptor into a potential anion channel. Solid-state structures exhibit simultaneous accommodation of three anions, linearly positioned within the cavity along the main symmetry axis. The ability to hold anions at a short distance of about 4 Å is reminiscent of natural chloride channels in E. coli, which exhibit similar distances between their adjacent anion binding sites. The calculated transition-state energy for double-anion movement through the channel suggests that although these host-guest complexes are thermodynamically stable they enjoy high kinetic flexibility to render them efficient anion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh
- Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, 1 University Road, P.O. Box 808, Ra'anana, 43107, Israel
| | - Ephrath Solel
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Ehud Keinan
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 32000, Israel. .,Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology and Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, P. R. China.
| | - Ofer Reany
- Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, 1 University Road, P.O. Box 808, Ra'anana, 43107, Israel.
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10
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Edwards SJ, Marques I, Dias CM, Tromans RA, Lees NR, Félix V, Valkenier H, Davis AP. Tilting and Tumbling in Transmembrane Anion Carriers: Activity Tuning through n-Alkyl Substitution. Chemistry 2016; 22:2004-2011. [PMID: 26748870 PMCID: PMC5064602 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Anion transport by synthetic carriers (anionophores) holds promise for medical applications, especially the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Among the factors which determine carrier activity, the size and disposition of alkyl groups is proving remarkably important. Herein we describe a series of dithioureidodecalin anionophores, in which alkyl substituents on one face are varied from C0 to C10 in two-carbon steps. Activities increase then decrease as the chain length grows, peaking quite sharply at C6 . Molecular dynamics simulations showed the transporter chloride complexes releasing chloride as they approach the membrane-aqueous interface. The free transporter then stays at the interface, adopting an orientation that depends on the alkyl substituent. If chloride release is prevented, the complex is positioned similarly. Longer chains tilt the binding site away from the interface, potentially freeing the transporter or complex to move through the membrane. However, chains which are too long can also slow transport by inhibiting movement, and especially reorientation, within the phospholipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Edwards
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Igor Marques
- Departamento de Química, iBiMED and CICECO, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Christopher M Dias
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Robert A Tromans
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Nicholas R Lees
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Vítor Félix
- Departamento de Química, iBiMED and CICECO, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Hennie Valkenier
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Anthony P Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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Valkenier H, López Mora N, Kros A, Davis AP. Visualization and quantification of transmembrane ion transport into giant unilamellar vesicles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:2137-41. [PMID: 25556546 PMCID: PMC4506561 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane ion transporters (ionophores) are widely investigated as supramolecular agents with potential for biological activity. Tests are usually performed in synthetic membranes that are assembled into large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs). However transport must be followed through bulk properties of the vesicle suspension, because LUVs are too small for individual study. An alternative approach is described whereby ion transport can be revealed and quantified through direct observation. The method employs giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), which are 20–60 μm in diameter and readily imaged by light microscopy. This allows characterization of individual GUVs containing transporter molecules, followed by studies of transport through fluorescence emission from encapsulated indicators. The method provides new levels of certainty and relevance, given that the GUVs are similar in size to living cells. It has been demonstrated using a highly active anion carrier, and should aid the development of compounds for treating channelopathies such as cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hennie Valkenier
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS (UK)
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12
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Valkenier H, López Mora N, Kros A, Davis AP. Visualization and Quantification of Transmembrane Ion Transport into Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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