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Lu Y, Zhong H, Li J, Dominic AM, Hu Y, Gao Z, Jiao Y, Wu M, Qi H, Huang C, Wayment LJ, Kaiser U, Spiecker E, Weidinger IM, Zhang W, Feng X, Dong R. sp-Carbon Incorporated Conductive Metal-Organic Framework as Photocathode for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208163. [PMID: 35903982 PMCID: PMC9804563 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing interest for broad applications in catalysis and gas separation due to their high porosity. However, the insulating feature and the limited active sites hindered MOFs as photocathode active materials for application in photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen generation. Herein, we develop a layered conductive two-dimensional conjugated MOF (2D c-MOF) comprising sp-carbon active sites based on arylene-ethynylene macrocycle ligand via CuO4 linking, named as Cu3 HHAE2 . This sp-carbon 2D c-MOF displays apparent semiconducting behavior and broad light absorption till the near-infrared band (1600 nm). Due to the abundant acetylene units, the Cu3 HHAE2 could act as the first case of MOF photocathode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen generation and presents a record hydrogen-evolution photocurrent density of ≈260 μA cm-2 at 0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode among the structurally-defined cocatalyst-free organic photocathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
| | - Haixia Zhong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 5610044StockholmSweden
| | - Anna Maria Dominic
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
| | - Yiming Hu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of PhysicsHebei Key Laboratory of Photophysics Research and ApplicationHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang050024China
| | - Yalong Jiao
- College of PhysicsHebei Key Laboratory of Photophysics Research and ApplicationHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang050024China
| | - Mingjian Wu
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM)Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF)Department of Materials Science and EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergCauerstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
- Central Facility of Materials Science Electron MicroscopyUniversität Ulm89081UlmGermany
| | - Chuanhui Huang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
| | - Lacey J. Wayment
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility of Materials Science Electron MicroscopyUniversität Ulm89081UlmGermany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM)Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF)Department of Materials Science and EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergCauerstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Inez M. Weidinger
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics06120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250100China
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Lu Y, Zhong H, Li J, Dominic AM, Hu Y, Gao Z, Jiao Y, Wu M, Qi H, Huang C, Wayment L, Kaiser U, Spiecker E, Weidinger I, Zhang W, Feng X, Dong R. sp‐Carbon Incorporated Conductive Metal‐Organic Framework as Photocathode for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- TU Dresden: Technische Universitat Dresden Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Haixia Zhong
- TU Dresden: Technische Universitat Dresden Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Jian Li
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology: Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology SWEDEN
| | - Anna Maria Dominic
- TU Dresden: Technische Universitat Dresden Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Yiming Hu
- University of Colorado Boulder Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Zhen Gao
- Hebei Normal University College of Physics CHINA
| | - Yalong Jiao
- Hebei Normal University College of Physics CHINA
| | - Mingjian Wu
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department of Materials Science and Engineering GERMANY
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Central Facility for Electron Microscopy GERMANY
| | - Chuanhui Huang
- TU Dresden: Technische Universitat Dresden Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Lacey Wayment
- University of Colorado Boulder Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Central Facility for Electron Microscopy GERMANY
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department of Materials Science and Engineering GERMANY
| | - Inez Weidinger
- TU Dresden: Technische Universitat Dresden Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Wei Zhang
- University of Colorado Boulder Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Xinliang Feng
- TU Dresden: Technische Universitat Dresden Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Renhao Dong
- TU Dresden: Technische Universitat Dresden Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden GERMANY
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Mansha M, Ahmad T, Ullah N, Akram Khan S, Ashraf M, Ali S, Tan B, Khan I. Photocatalytic Water-Splitting by Organic Conjugated Polymers: Opportunities and Challenges. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100336. [PMID: 35257485 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The future challenges associated with the shortage of fossil fuels and their current environmental impacts intrigued the researchers to look for alternative ways of generating green energy. Solar-driven water splitting into oxygen and hydrogen is one of those advanced strategies. Researchers have studied various semiconductor materials to achieve potential results. However, it encountered multiple challenges such as high cost, low photostability and efficiency, and required multistep modifications. The conjugated polymers (CPs) have emerged as promising alternatives for conventional inorganic semiconductors. The CPs offer low cost, sufficient light absorption efficiency, excellent photo and chemical stability, and molecular optoelectronic tunable characteristics. Furthermore, organic CPs also present higher flexibility to tune the basic framework of the backbone of the polymers, amendments in the sidechain to incorporate desired functionalities, and much-needed porosity to serve better for photocatalytic applications. This review article summarizes the recent advancements made in visible-light-driven water splitting covering the aspects of synthetic strategies and experimental parameters employed for water splitting reactions with special emphasis on conjugated polymers such as linear CPs, planarized CPs, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ), conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and conjugated polymer-based nanocomposites (CPNCs). The current challenges and future prospects have also been described briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mansha
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tauqir Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisar Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.,Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safyan Akram Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ali
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bein Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ibrahim Khan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
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Borrelli M, Querebillo CJ, Pastoetter DL, Wang T, Milani A, Casari C, Khoa Ly H, He F, Hou Y, Neumann C, Turchanin A, Sun H, Weidinger IM, Feng X. Thiophen‐basierte konjugierte acetylenische Polymere mit dualen aktiven Zentren für effiziente Cokatalysator‐freie photoelektrochemische Wasserreduktion im alkalischen Medium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mino Borrelli
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Dresden University of Technology Mommsenstraße 4 01062 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Christine Joy Querebillo
- Chair of Electrochemistry Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Dresden University of Technology Zellescher 19 01062 Dresden Deutschland
- Institute for Complex Materials Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Helmholtzstraße, 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Dominik L. Pastoetter
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Dresden University of Technology Mommsenstraße 4 01062 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Tao Wang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Alberto Milani
- Diparimento di Energia Politecnico di Milano Via Ponzio 34/3 Milano Italien
| | - Carlo Casari
- Diparimento di Energia Politecnico di Milano Via Ponzio 34/3 Milano Italien
| | - Hoang Khoa Ly
- Chair of Electrochemistry Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Dresden University of Technology Zellescher 19 01062 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Fan He
- Key Laboratory of Biological Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biological Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Lessingstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Lessingstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Hanjun Sun
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Dresden University of Technology Mommsenstraße 4 01062 Dresden Deutschland
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University 1 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Inez M. Weidinger
- Chair of Electrochemistry Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Dresden University of Technology Zellescher 19 01062 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Dresden University of Technology Mommsenstraße 4 01062 Dresden Deutschland
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Borrelli M, Querebillo CJ, Pastoetter DL, Wang T, Milani A, Casari C, Khoa Ly H, He F, Hou Y, Neumann C, Turchanin A, Sun H, Weidinger IM, Feng X. Thiophene-Based Conjugated Acetylenic Polymers with Dual Active Sites for Efficient Co-Catalyst-Free Photoelectrochemical Water Reduction in Alkaline Medium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18876-18881. [PMID: 34170591 PMCID: PMC8457198 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although being attractive materials for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (PEC HER) under neutral or acidic conditions, conjugated polymers still show poor PEC HER performance in alkaline medium due to the lack of water dissociation sites. Herein, we demonstrate that tailoring the polymer skeleton from poly(diethynylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) (pDET) to poly(2,6‐diethynylbenzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (pBDT) and poly(diethynyldithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]thiophene) (pDTT) in conjugated acetylenic polymers (CAPs) introduces highly efficient active sites for water dissociation. As a result, pDTT and pBDT, grown on Cu substrate, demonstrate benchmark photocurrent densities of 170 μA cm−2 and 120 μA cm−2 (at 0.3 V vs. RHE; pH 13), which are 4.2 and 3 times higher than that of pDET, respectively. Moreover, by combining DFT calculations and electrochemical operando resonance Raman spectroscopy, we propose that the electron‐enriched Cβ of the outer thiophene rings of pDTT are the water dissociation active sites, while the −C≡C− bonds function as the active sites for hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mino Borrelli
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine Joy Querebillo
- Chair of Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Zellescher 19, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), Helmholtzstrasse, 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dominik L Pastoetter
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Alberto Milani
- Diparimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/3, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Casari
- Diparimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/3, Milano, Italy
| | - Hoang Khoa Ly
- Chair of Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Zellescher 19, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fan He
- Key Laboratory of Biological Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biological Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Hanjun Sun
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Inez M Weidinger
- Chair of Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Zellescher 19, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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Wang L, Liu J, Wang H, Cheng H, Wu X, Zhang Q, Xu H. Forming electron traps deactivates self-assembled crystalline organic nanosheets toward photocatalytic overall water splitting. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:265-274. [PMID: 36654332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Most biological photoredox reactions occur in sophisticated molecular assemblies consisting of highly organized light-harvesting moieties and catalytic centers. Mimicking these prototypes by creating supramolecular assemblies could be a potentially viable approach toward artificial photosynthesis. Although self-assembled organic materials are known to carry out water splitting reactions, developing self-assembled organic materials for photocatalytic overall water splitting still remains a critical challenge. Herein, we first demonstrate that crystalline organic nanosheets assembled from linear oligo(phenylene butadiynylene) (OPB) are able to catalyze overall water splitting under visible light irradiation. Further investigations reveal that the photocatalytic activity of self-assembled organic structures is closely related to the crystalline structure along with the corresponding electronic structure. Structural disorders in OPB nanosheets and extrinsic factors such as adsorbed water molecules will induce the formation of electron traps which can make the OPB nanosheets thermodynamically unfavorable for photocatalytic overall water splitting. The deactivation mechanism unveiled in this study provides crucial insights into the assembling of artificial organic materials for future solar-to-chemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Qun Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Hangxun Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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