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Zhang X, Chen S, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhang C. Dassonmycins A and B, Polycyclic Thioalkaloids from a Marine Sponge-Derived Nocardiopsis dassonvillei SCSIO 40065. Org Lett 2021; 23:2858-2862. [PMID: 33703905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Two polycyclic thioalkaloides dassonmycins A (1) and B (2) were isolated from Nocardiopsis dassonvillei SCSIO 40065 associated with marine sponge Petrosia sp. Structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, to have a 6/6/6/6-fused tetracyclic ring featuring a naphthoquinone[2,3-e]piperazine[1,2-c]thiomorpholine scaffold. Compound 2 formed a caged core through an additional ether bridge. Both compounds exhibited moderate antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1119 Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1119 Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1119 Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yuchan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, 100 Central Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, 100 Central Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1119 Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1119 Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China.,Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Yazhou Scientific Bay, Sanya 572000, China
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2
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Christy MP, Johnson T, McNerlin CD, Woodard J, Nelson AT, Lim B, Hamilton TL, Freiberg KM, Siegel D. Total Synthesis of Micrococcin P1 through Scalable Thiazole Forming Reactions of Cysteine Derivatives and Nitriles. Org Lett 2020; 22:2365-2370. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell P. Christy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Trevor Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Clare D. McNerlin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0934, United States
| | - John Woodard
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0934, United States
| | - Andrew T. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Bryant Lim
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0934, United States
| | - Tiffany L. Hamilton
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0934, United States
| | - Kaitlyn M. Freiberg
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0934, United States
| | - Dionicio Siegel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0934, United States
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3
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Nicolaou KC, Rigol S, Yu R. Total Synthesis Endeavors and Their Contributions to Science and Society:A Personal Account. CCS CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.31635/ccschem.019.20190006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of organic synthesis in the 19th century, serendipitous as it was, set in motion a revolution in science that continues to evolve into increasing levels of sophistication and to expand into new domains of science and technology for the benefits of science and society. Its evolution was always driven by the challenges posed by natural products, whose structures were becoming increasingly complex and diverse. In response to these challenges, synthetic organic chemists were prompted to sharpen their art to reach their target molecules, whose structures were often confirmed only after their synthesis in the laboratory through the art and science of total synthesis. The latter became the “locomotive” and the “flagship” of organic synthesis, for through this practice novel synthetic methods were discovered and invented, and also tested for their generality, applicability, and scope with regard to molecular complexity and diversity. The purpose of total synthesis has also evolved over the years to include aspects beyond the synthesis of the molecule and confirmation of its structure. In this article, we briefly review the evolution of total synthesis in terms of its power and reach and demonstrate its current state of the art that combines fundamentals with translational aspects through examples from our laboratories. The highlighted examples reflect the newly emerged paradigm of the discipline that includes—in addition to the total synthesis of the target molecule—structural elucidations, method discovery and development, design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of analogues for biology and medicine, and training of young students, preparing them for academic and industrial careers in the various disciplines that require knowledge and skills to practice the central science of chemical synthesis. Such disciplines include chemical biology, drug discovery and development, materials science and nanotechnology, and other endeavors whose fundamentals depend and rely on the structure of the molecule and its synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston,TX 77005 (United States of America)
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston,TX 77005 (United States of America)
| | - Ruocheng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston,TX 77005 (United States of America)
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4
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Zheng Q, Fang H, Liu W. Post-translational modifications involved in the biosynthesis of thiopeptide antibiotics. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:3376-3390. [PMID: 28358161 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00466d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiopeptide antibiotics are a class of typical ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) with complex chemical structures that are difficult to construct via chemical synthesis. To date, more than 100 thiopeptides have been discovered, and most of these compounds exhibit remarkable biological activities, such as antibacterial, antitumor and immunosuppressive activities. Therefore, studies of the biosynthesis of thiopeptides can contribute to the development of new drug leads and facilitate the understanding of the complex post-translational modifications (PTMs) of peptides and/or proteins. Since the biosynthetic gene clusters of thiopeptides were first discovered in 2009, several research studies regarding the biochemistry and enzymology of thiopeptide biosyntheses have been reported, indicating that their characteristic framework is constructed via a cascade of common PTMs and that additional specific PTMs diversify the molecules. In this review, we primarily summarize recent advances in understanding the biosynthesis of thiopeptide antibiotics and propose some potential applications based on our insights into the biosynthetic logic and machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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5
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Petrović ZD, Simijonović D, Đorović J, Milovanović V, Marković Z, Petrović VP. One-Pot Synthesis of Tetrahydropyridine Derivatives: Liquid Salt Catalyst vs Glycolic Acid Promoter. Structure and Antiradical Activity of the New Products. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zorica D. Petrović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science; Department of Chemistry; Radoja Domanovića 12 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Dušica Simijonović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science; Department of Chemistry; Radoja Domanovića 12 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Jelena Đorović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science; Department of Chemistry; Radoja Domanovića 12 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
- Bioengineering Research; Development Center; Prvoslava Stojanovića 6 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Vesna Milovanović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science; Department of Chemistry; Radoja Domanovića 12 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Bioengineering Research; Development Center; Prvoslava Stojanovića 6 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
- Department of Chemical-Technological Sciences; State University of Novi Pazar; Vuka Karadžića bb 36300 Novi Pazar, Republic of Serbia
| | - Vladimir P. Petrović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science; Department of Chemistry; Radoja Domanovića 12 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
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6
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A brief history of antibiotics and select advances in their synthesis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:153-184. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Datta D, Mondal P, Dasgupta S, Pathak T. Acidic-Amino-Acid-Conjugated Dinucleosides as Ribonuclease A Inhibitors: Rational Design and Effect of Backbone Chirality on Enzyme Inhibition. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubajyoti Datta
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur); Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Pampa Mondal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur); Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Swagata Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur); Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Tanmaya Pathak
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur); Kharagpur 721302 India
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz C. Dias
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, C.P. 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Emilio C. de Lucca
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, C.P. 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
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9
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Cao MH, Green NJ, Xu SZ. Application of the aza-Diels–Alder reaction in the synthesis of natural products. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:3105-3129. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02761j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Diels–Alder reaction that involves a nitrogen atom in the diene or dienophile is termed the aza-Diels–Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hui Cao
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- China
- Department of Pharmacy
| | - Nicholas J. Green
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- ACT
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Sheng-Zhen Xu
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- China
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10
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Wojtas KP, Riedrich M, Lu JY, Winter P, Winkler T, Walter S, Arndt HD. Totalsynthese von Nosiheptid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Philip Wojtas
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität; Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Matthias Riedrich
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität; Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Jin-Yong Lu
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität; Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Philipp Winter
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität; Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität; Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Sophia Walter
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität; Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Hans-Dieter Arndt
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität; Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
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11
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Wojtas KP, Riedrich M, Lu JY, Winter P, Winkler T, Walter S, Arndt HD. Total Synthesis of Nosiheptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9772-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Philip Wojtas
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität; Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Humboldtstrasse 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Matthias Riedrich
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität; Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Humboldtstrasse 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Jin-Yong Lu
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität; Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Humboldtstrasse 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Philipp Winter
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität; Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Humboldtstrasse 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität; Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Humboldtstrasse 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Sophia Walter
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität; Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Humboldtstrasse 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Arndt
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität; Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Humboldtstrasse 10 07743 Jena Germany
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12
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Amaike K, Itami K, Yamaguchi J. Synthesis of Triarylpyridines in Thiopeptide Antibiotics by Using a C−H Arylation/Ring-Transformation Strategy. Chemistry 2016; 22:4384-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Amaike
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST, ERATO; Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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13
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Duan P, Zheng Q, Lin Z, Wang S, Chen D, Liu W. Molecular engineering of thiostrepton via single “base”-based mutagenesis to generate side ring-derived variants. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00320f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six thiostrepton (TSR) analogs, siomycin (SIO) and SIO-Dha2Ser were produced in the engineered TSR-producing strain by using a single “base”-based mutagenesis strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Qingfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Zhi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Shoufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Huzhou Center of Bio-Synthetic Innovation
- Huzhou 313000
- China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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14
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Wang S, Zheng Q, Wang J, Chen D, Yu Y, Liu W. Concurrent modifications of the C-terminus and side ring of thiostrepton and their synergistic effects with respect to improving antibacterial activities. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00433k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five new C-terminally methylated TSR derivatives that varied in side-ring structure were obtained via the chemical feeding of quinaldic acid analogs to a double-mutant strain ΔtsrB/T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Qingfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital
- College of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Dandan Chen
- Huzhou Center of Bio-Synthetic Innovation
- Huzhou 313000
- China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital
- College of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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15
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Zheng Q, Wang S, Liu W. Discovery and efficient synthesis of a biologically active alkaloid inspired by thiostrepton biosynthesis. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Kotha S, Bandarugattu VB, Krishna NG. Diversity-oriented approach to unusual amino acid derivatives and heterocycles via methyl 2-acetamidoacrylate and its congeners. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Just-Baringo X, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Engineering von Thiopeptiden: ein multidisziplinärer Weg zu neuen Wirkstoffen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Just-Baringo X, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Thiopeptide engineering: a multidisciplinary effort towards future drugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6602-16. [PMID: 24861213 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of thiopeptide analogues of antibiotics has allowed some of the limitations inherent to these naturally occurring substances to be overcome. Chemical synthesis, semisynthetic derivatization, and engineering of the biosynthetic pathway have independently led to complementary modifications of various thiopeptides. Some of the new substances have displayed improved profiles, not only as antibiotics, but also as antiplasmodial and anticancer drugs. The design of novel molecules based on the thiopeptide scaffold appears to be the only strategy to exploit the high potential they have shown in vitro. Herein we present the most relevant achievements in the production of thiopeptide analogues and also discuss the way the different approaches might be combined in a multidisciplinary strategy to produce more sophisticated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Just-Baringo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona (Spain) http://www.pcb.ub.edu/fama/htm/home.htm; CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 08028 Barcelona (Spain)
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19
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Abstract
Abstract
The synthesis of urea in 1828 set in motion the discipline of organic synthesis in general and of total synthesis in particular, the art and science of synthesizing natural products, the molecules of living nature. Early endeavors in total synthesis had as their main objective the proof of structure of the target molecule. Later on, the primary goal became the demonstration of the power of synthesis to construct complex molecules through appropriately devised strategies, making the endeavor an achievement whose value was measured by its elegance and efficiency. While these objectives continue to be important, contemporary endeavors in total synthesis are increasingly focused on practical aspects, including method development, efficiency, and biological and medical relevance. In this article, the emergence and evolution of total synthesis to its present state is traced, selected total syntheses from the author's laboratories are highlighted, and projections for the future of the field are discussed.
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20
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Kuranaga T, Sesoko Y, Inoue M. Cu-mediated enamide formation in the total synthesis of complex peptide natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:514-32. [PMID: 24567066 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cu-mediated C(sp(2))-N bond formation has received intense interest recently, and has been applied to the total synthesis of a wide variety of structurally complex natural products. This review covers the synthetic assembly of peptide natural products in which Cu-mediated enamide formation is the key transformation. The total syntheses of cyclopeptide alkaloids, pacidamycin D, and yaku'amide A exemplify the versatility of the Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction in comparison to other synthetic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Kuranaga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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21
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Thiopeptide antibiotics: retrospective and recent advances. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:317-51. [PMID: 24445304 PMCID: PMC3917276 DOI: 10.3390/md12010317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiopeptides, or thiazolyl peptides, are a relatively new family of antibiotics that already counts with more than one hundred different entities. Although they are mainly isolated from soil bacteria, during the last decade, new members have been isolated from marine samples. Far from being limited to their innate antibacterial activity, thiopeptides have been found to possess a wide range of biological properties, including anticancer, antiplasmodial, immunosuppressive, etc. In spite of their ribosomal origin, these highly posttranslationally processed peptides have posed a fascinating synthetic challenge, prompting the development of various methodologies and strategies. Regardless of their limited solubility, intensive investigations are bringing thiopeptide derivatives closer to the clinic, where they are likely to show their veritable therapeutic potential.
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Datta D, Samanta A, Dasgupta S, Pathak T. Synthesis of 5′-carboxymethylsulfonyl-5′-deoxyribonucleosides under mild hydrolytic conditions: a new class of acidic nucleosides as inhibitors of ribonuclease A. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45084h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Just-Baringo X, Bruno P, Ottesen LK, Cañedo LM, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Baringolin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Just-Baringo X, Bruno P, Ottesen LK, Cañedo LM, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Baringolin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7818-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Veeraswamy S, Reddy KI, Ragavan RV, Yennam S, Jayashree A. Ethyl Imidazole-1-carboxylate (EImC) as a Carbonylating Agent: Efficient Synthesis of Oxazolidin-2-ones from Amino Alcohols. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2013.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Veeraswamy
- Chemistry Services, GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University
| | | | | | | | - A. Jayashree
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University
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Gade NR, Devendram V, Pal M, Iqbal J. IBX mediated reaction of β-enamino esters with allylic alcohols: a one pot metal free domino approach to functionalized pyridines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7926-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44274h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Thiostrepton, a powerful antibiotic belonging to the thiopeptide class, was synthesized in the laboratory for the first time in 2004 through an arduous campaign involving novel strategies and tactics, scenic detours, and unexpected roadblocks. In this Review the author narrates the long journey to success, not so dissimilar to Odysseus' return voyage to Ithaca, full of adventure, knowledge, and wisdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Nicolaou KC, Hale CRH, Nilewski C, Ioannidou HA. Constructing molecular complexity and diversity: total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5185-238. [PMID: 22743704 PMCID: PMC3426871 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of organic synthesis and the understanding of the molecule as they occurred in the nineteenth century and were refined in the twentieth century constitute two of the most profound scientific developments of all time. These discoveries set in motion a revolution that shaped the landscape of the molecular sciences and changed the world. Organic synthesis played a major role in this revolution through its ability to construct the molecules of the living world and others like them whose primary element is carbon. Although the early beginnings of organic synthesis came about serendipitously, organic chemists quickly recognized its potential and moved decisively to advance and exploit it in myriad ways for the benefit of mankind. Indeed, from the early days of the synthesis of urea and the construction of the first carbon-carbon bond, the art of organic synthesis improved to impressively high levels of sophistication. Through its practice, today chemists can synthesize organic molecules--natural and designed--of all types of structural motifs and for all intents and purposes. The endeavor of constructing natural products--the organic molecules of nature--is justly called both a creative art and an exact science. Often called simply total synthesis, the replication of nature's molecules in the laboratory reflects and symbolizes the state of the art of synthesis in general. In the last few decades a surge in total synthesis endeavors around the world led to a remarkable collection of achievements that covers a wide ranging landscape of molecular complexity and diversity. In this article, we present highlights of some of our contributions in the field of total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. For perspective, we also provide a listing of selected examples of additional natural products synthesized in other laboratories around the world over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Cavazzini A, Pasti L, Massi A, Marchetti N, Dondi F. Recent applications in chiral high performance liquid chromatography: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 706:205-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Walter JD, Hunter M, Cobb M, Traeger G, Spiegel PC. Thiostrepton inhibits stable 70S ribosome binding and ribosome-dependent GTPase activation of elongation factor G and elongation factor 4. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 40:360-70. [PMID: 21908407 PMCID: PMC3245911 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiostrepton, a macrocyclic thiopeptide antibiotic, inhibits prokaryotic translation by interfering with the function of elongation factor G (EF-G). Here, we have used 70S ribosome binding and GTP hydrolysis assays to study the effects of thiostrepton on EF-G and a newly described translation factor, elongation factor 4 (EF4). In the presence of thiostrepton, ribosome-dependent GTP hydrolysis is inhibited for both EF-G and EF4, with IC(50) values equivalent to the 70S ribosome concentration (0.15 µM). Further studies indicate the mode of thiostrepton inhibition is to abrogate the stable binding of EF-G and EF4 to the 70S ribosome. In support of this model, an EF-G truncation variant that does not possess domains IV and V was shown to possess ribosome-dependent GTP hydrolysis activity that was not affected by the presence of thiostrepton (>100 µM). Lastly, chemical footprinting was employed to examine the nature of ribosome interaction and tRNA movements associated with EF4. In the presence of non-hydrolyzable GTP, EF4 showed chemical protections similar to EF-G and stabilized a ratcheted state of the 70S ribosome. These data support the model that thiostrepton inhibits stable GTPase binding to 70S ribosomal complexes, and a model for the first step of EF4-catalyzed reverse-translocation is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Walter
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, MS 9150, Bellingham, WA 98225-9150, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- North Carolina State University, Department of Chemistry, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Qingyang Liu
- North Carolina State University, Department of Chemistry, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Alexander Deiters
- North Carolina State University, Department of Chemistry, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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Bowers AA, Acker MG, Koglin A, Walsh CT. Manipulation of thiocillin variants by prepeptide gene replacement: structure, conformation, and activity of heterocycle substitution mutants. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7519-27. [PMID: 20455532 DOI: 10.1021/ja102339q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 converts the C-terminal 14 residues of a 52-mer prepeptide into a related set of eight variants of the thiocillin subclass of thiazolyl peptide antibiotics by a cascade of post-translational modifications that alter 13 of those 14 residues. We have introduced prepeptide gene variants into a knockout strain to conduct an alanine scan of all 14 progenitor residues, as well as a serine scan of the six cysteine residues that are converted to thiazoles in the mature natural product. No mature scaffolds were detected for the S1A and S10A mutants, consistent with their roles as the source of the pyridine core. In both the alanine and serine scans, only one substitution mutant failed to produce a mature scaffold: cysteine 11. Cysteine to serine mutants gave mixture of dehydrations, aromatizations, and unaltered alcohol side chains depending on position. Overall, substitutions that altered the trithiazolylpyridine core or reduced the conformational rigidity of the 26-membered macrocyclic loop led to loss of antibiotic activity. In total, 21 peptide mutants were cultured, from which production of 107 compounds was observed and 94 compounds, representing 17 structural mutants, were assayed for antibiotic activity. High-resolution NMR solution structures were determined for one mutant and one wild-type compound. These structures demonstrate that the tight conformational rigidity of the natural product is severely disrupted by loss of even a single heterocycle, perhaps accounting for the attendant loss of activity in such mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert A Bowers
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Walsh CT, Acker MG, Bowers AA. Thiazolyl peptide antibiotic biosynthesis: a cascade of post-translational modifications on ribosomal nascent proteins. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:27525-31. [PMID: 20522549 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r110.135970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics of the thiocillin, GE2270A, and thiostrepton class, which block steps in bacterial protein synthesis, contain a trithiazolyl (tetrahydro)pyridine core that provides the architectural constraints for high affinity binding to either the 50 S ribosomal subunit or elongation factor Tu. These mature antibiotic scaffolds arise from a cascade of post-translational modifications on 50-60-residue prepeptide precursors that trim away the N-terminal leader sequences (approximately 40 residues) while the C-terminal 14-18 residues are converted into the mature scaffold. In the producing microbes, the genes encoding the prepeptide open reading frames are flanked in biosynthetic clusters by genes encoding post-translational modification enzymes that carry out lantibiotic-type dehydrations of Ser and Thr residues to dehydroamino acid side chains, cyclodehydration and oxidation of cysteines to thiazoles, and condensation of two dehydroalanine residues en route to the (tetrahydro)pyridine core. The trithiazolyl pyridine framework thus arises from post-translational modification of the peptide backbone of three Cys and two Ser residues of the prepeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Walsh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Thiopeptides, or thiazolylpeptides, are a family of highly modified peptide antibiotics first discovered several decades ago. Dozens of thiopeptides have since been identified, but, until recently, the biosynthetic genes responsible for their production remained elusive. The biosynthetic systems for a handful of thiopeptide metabolites were identified in the first portion of 2009. The surprising finding that these metabolites arise from the enzymatic tailoring of a simple, linear, ribosomally-synthesized precursor peptide led to a renewed appreciation of the architectural complexity accessible by posttranslational modification. This recent progress toward understanding thiopeptide antibiotic biosynthesis benefits the discovery of novel thiopeptides by either directed screening techniques or by mining available microbial genome sequences. Furthermore, access to the biosynthetic machinery now opens an avenue to the biosynthetic engineering of thiopeptide analogs. This Highlight discusses the genetic and biochemical insights revealed by these initial reports of the biosynthetic gene clusters for thiopeptide metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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Aulakh VS, Ciufolini MA. An Improved Synthesis of Pyridine−Thiazole Cores of Thiopeptide Antibiotics. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5750-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900950x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virender S. Aulakh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Marco A. Ciufolini
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Kelly WL, Pan L, Li C. Thiostrepton Biosynthesis: Prototype for a New Family of Bacteriocins. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4327-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ja807890a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L. Kelly
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Lisa Pan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Chaoxuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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Abstract
The last one hundred years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the power and reach of total synthesis. The pantheon of accomplishments in the field includes the total synthesis of molecules of unimaginable beauty and diversity such as the four discussed in this article: endiandric acids (1982), calicheamicin gamma(1)(I) (1992), Taxol (1994), and brevetoxin B (1995). Chosen from the collection of the molecules synthesized in the author's laboratories, these structures are but a small fraction of the myriad constructed in laboratories around the world over the last century. Their stories, and the background on which they were based, should serve to trace the evolution of the art of chemical synthesis to its present sharp condition, an emergence that occurred as a result of new theories and mechanistic insights, new reactions, new reagents and catalysts, and new synthetic technologies and strategies. Indeed, the advent of chemical synthesis as a whole must be considered as one of the most influential developments of the twentieth century in terms of its impact on society.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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Gaumont AC, Gulea M, Levillain J. Overview of the Chemistry of 2-Thiazolines. Chem Rev 2009; 109:1371-401. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800189z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annie-Claude Gaumont
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN & Université de Caen, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Mihaela Gulea
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN & Université de Caen, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Jocelyne Levillain
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN & Université de Caen, 14050 Caen, France
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Nicolaou K, Chen J, Edmonds D, Estrada A. Fortschritte in der Chemie und Biologie natürlicher Antibiotika. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kim J, Movassaghi M. Biogenetically inspired syntheses of alkaloid natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:3035-50. [DOI: 10.1039/b819925f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nicolaou KC, Chen JS, Edmonds DJ, Estrada AA. Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of naturally occurring antibiotics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:660-719. [PMID: 19130444 PMCID: PMC2730216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the world-shaping discovery of penicillin, nature's molecular diversity has been extensively screened for new medications and lead compounds in drug discovery. The search for agents intended to combat infectious diseases has been of particular interest and has enjoyed a high degree of success. Indeed, the history of antibiotics is marked with impressive discoveries and drug-development stories, the overwhelming majority of which have their origin in natural products. Chemistry, and in particular chemical synthesis, has played a major role in bringing naturally occurring antibiotics and their derivatives to the clinic, and no doubt these disciplines will continue to be key enabling technologies. In this review article, we highlight a number of recent discoveries and advances in the chemistry, biology, and medicine of naturally occurring antibiotics, with particular emphasis on total synthesis, analogue design, and biological evaluation of molecules with novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Nicolaou KC, Chen JS, Dalby SM. From nature to the laboratory and into the clinic. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:2290-303. [PMID: 19028103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural products possess a broad diversity of structure and function, and they provide inspiration for chemistry, biology, and medicine. In this review article, we highlight and place in context our laboratory's total syntheses of, and related studies on, complex secondary metabolites that were clinically important drugs, or have since been developed into useful medicines, namely amphotericin B (1), calicheamicin gamma(1)(I) (2), rapamycin (3), Taxol (4), the epothilones [e.g., epothilones A (5) and B (6)], and vancomycin (7). We also briefly highlight our research with other selected inspirational natural products possessing interesting biological activities [i.e., dynemicin A (8), uncialamycin (9), eleutherobin (10), sarcodictyin A (11), azaspiracid-1 (12), thiostrepton (13), abyssomicin C (14), platensimycin (15), platencin (16), and palmerolide A (17)].
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, BCC408, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Mori T, Higashibayashi S, Goto T, Kohno M, Satouchi Y, Shinko K, Suzuki K, Suzuki S, Tohmiya H, Hashimoto K, Nakata M. Total synthesis of siomycin A: construction of synthetic segments. Chem Asian J 2008; 3:984-1012. [PMID: 18464237 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The five practical segments for the total synthesis of siomycin A, that is, the dehydropiperidine segment A (5), the pentapeptide segment B (3), the dihydroquinoline segment C (6), and the beta-phenylselenoalanine dipeptide segments D (7) and E (4), were synthesized. Segment A (5) was constructed by the coupling of the azomethine ylide and the chiral sulfinimine, followed by the stereoselective reduction of the six-membered imine function. Segment B (3) was synthesized by the phenylselenylation of the beta-lactone, stereoselective vinylzinc addition to the chiral sulfinimine, and oxazoline-thioamide conversion. Segment C (6) was prepared by the one-pot olefination of the tetrahydroquinoline N-oxide using triflic anhydride and triethylamine, stereoselective reduction of the methyl ketone function, and regioselective Yb(OTf)(3)-catalyzed epoxide opening by the amino group. Segments D (7) and E (4) were synthesized by coupling of the properly protected beta-phenylselenoalanines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Mori T, Higashibayashi S, Goto T, Kohno M, Satouchi Y, Shinko K, Suzuki K, Suzuki S, Tohmiya H, Hashimoto K, Nakata M. Total Synthesis of Siomycin A: Completion of the Total Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2008; 3:1013-25. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nicolaou KC, Lister T, Denton RM, Gelin CF. Total synthesis of atrochamins F, H, I, and J through cascade reactions. Tetrahedron 2008; 64:4736-4757. [PMID: 19461992 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A concise and efficient cascade-based total synthesis of artochamins F, H, I, and J is described. The potential biogenetic connection between artochamin F, or a derivative thereof, and artochamins H, I, and J, through an unusual formal [2+2] cycloaddition process, was shown to be feasible. An alternative mechanism for this transformation is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla 92037, U.S.A
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Delgado O, Müller HM, Bach T. Concise total synthesis of the thiazolyl peptide antibiotic GE2270 A. Chemistry 2008; 14:2322-39. [PMID: 18270986 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The potent antibiotic thiazolylpeptide GE2270 A was synthesized starting from N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl protected valine in a longest linear sequence of 20 steps and with an overall yield of 4.8 %. Key strategy was the assembly of the 2,3,6-trisubstituted pyridine core by consecutive cross-coupling reactions starting from 2,6-dibromo-3-iodopyridine. The complete Southern fragment was installed by Negishi cross-coupling of 3-zincated 2,6-dibromopyridine at the terminal 2-iodothiazole of a trithiazole (87 %). The substituent at C-6 representing the Northern part of the molecule was introduced in form of the truncated tert-butyl 2-bromothiazole-4-carboxylate after metalation to a zinc reagent by another Negishi cross-coupling (48 %). Decisive step of the whole sequence was the macrocyclization to a 29-membered macrolactam, which was conducted as an intramolecular Stille cross-coupling occurring at C-2 of the pyridine core and providing the desired product in 75 % yield. The required stannane was obtained by amide bond formation (87 %) between a complex dithiazole fragment representing the Eastern part of GE2270 A and a 3,6-disubstituted 2-bromopyridine. Final steps included attachment of a serine-proline amide dipeptide to the Northern part of the molecule (65 %), formation of the oxazoline ring and silyl ether deprotection (55 % overall).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Delgado
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie 1, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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